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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/virtual_measurement_mod.f90 @ 4071

Last change on this file since 4071 was 3988, checked in by kanani, 5 years ago
enable steering of output interval for virtual measurements
Property svn:executable set to ``* Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 76.4 KB

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1	!> @virtual_measurement_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: virtual_measurement_mod.f90 3988 2019-05-22 11:32:37Z suehring $
27	! Add variables to enable steering of output interval for virtual measurements
28	!
29	! 3913 2019-04-17 15:12:28Z gronemeier
30	! Bugfix: rotate positions of measurements before writing them into file
31	!
32	! 3910 2019-04-17 11:46:56Z suehring
33	! Bugfix in rotation of UTM coordinates
34	!
35	! 3904 2019-04-16 18:22:51Z gronemeier
36	! Rotate coordinates of stations by given rotation_angle
37	!
38	! 3876 2019-04-08 18:41:49Z knoop
39	! Remove print statement
40	!
41	! 3854 2019-04-02 16:59:33Z suehring
42	! renamed nvar to nmeas, replaced USE chem_modules by USE chem_gasphase_mod and
43	! nspec by nvar
44	!
45	! 3766 2019-02-26 16:23:41Z raasch
46	! unused variables removed
47	!
48	! 3718 2019-02-06 11:08:28Z suehring
49	! Adjust variable name connections between UC2 and chemistry variables
50	!
51	! 3717 2019-02-05 17:21:16Z suehring
52	! Additional check + error numbers adjusted
53	!
54	! 3706 2019-01-29 20:02:26Z suehring
55	! unused variables removed
56	!
57	! 3705 2019-01-29 19:56:39Z suehring
58	! - initialization revised
59	! - binary data output
60	! - list of allowed variables extended
61	!
62	! 3704 2019-01-29 19:51:41Z suehring
63	! Sampling of variables
64	!
65	! 3494 2018-11-06 14:51:27Z suehring
66	! Bugfixing
67	!
68	! 3473 2018-10-30 20:50:15Z suehring
69	! Initial revision
70	!
71	! Authors:
72	! --------
73	! @author Matthias Suehring
74	!
75	! Description:
76	! ------------
77	!> The module acts as an interface between 'real-world' observations and
78	!> model simulations. Virtual measurements will be taken in the model at the
79	!> coordinates representative for the 'real-world' observation coordinates.
80	!> More precisely, coordinates and measured quanties will be read from a
81	!> NetCDF file which contains all required information. In the model,
82	!> the same quantities (as long as all the required components are switched-on)
83	!> will be sampled at the respective positions and output into an extra file,
84	!> which allows for straight-forward comparison of model results with
85	!> observations.
86	!>
87	!> @todo list_of_allowed variables needs careful checking
88	!> @todo Check if sign of surface fluxes for heat, radiation, etc., follows
89	!> the (UC)2 standard
90	!> @note Fluxes are not processed
91	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
92	MODULE virtual_measurement_mod
93
94	USE arrays_3d, &
95	ONLY: q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
96
97	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
98	ONLY: pi
99
100	USE chem_gasphase_mod, &
101	ONLY: nvar
102
103	USE chem_modules, &
104	ONLY: chem_species
105
106	USE control_parameters, &
107	ONLY: air_chemistry, dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, neutral, &
108	message_string, time_since_reference_point, virtual_measurement
109
110	USE cpulog, &
111	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point
112
113	USE grid_variables, &
114	ONLY: dx, dy
115
116	USE indices, &
117	ONLY: nzb, nzt, nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nx, ny, wall_flags_0
118
119	USE kinds
120
121	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
122	ONLY: init_model
123
124	USE pegrid
125
126	USE surface_mod, &
127	ONLY: surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
128
129	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
130	ONLY: nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs, t_soil_h, m_soil_h
131
132	USE radiation_model_mod
133
134	USE urban_surface_mod, &
135	ONLY: nzb_wall, nzt_wall, t_wall_h
136
137
138	IMPLICIT NONE
139
140	TYPE virt_general
141	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_vm !< NetCDF file id for virtual measurements
142	INTEGER(iwp) :: nvm = 0 !< number of virtual measurements
143	END TYPE virt_general
144
145	TYPE virt_mea
146
147	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: feature_type !< type of the measurement
148	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: filename_original !< name of the original file
149	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: site !< name of the measurement site
150
151	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: measured_vars_name !< name of the measured variables
152
153	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns = 0 !< number of observation coordinates on subdomain, for atmospheric measurements
154	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns_tot = 0 !< total number of observation coordinates, for atmospheric measurements
155	INTEGER(iwp) :: ntraj !< number of trajectories of a measurement
156	INTEGER(iwp) :: nmeas !< number of measured variables (atmosphere + soil)
157
158	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns_soil = 0 !< number of observation coordinates on subdomain, for soil measurements
159	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns_soil_tot = 0 !< total number of observation coordinates, for soil measurements
160
161	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: dim_t !< number observations individual for each trajectory or station that are no _FillValues
162
163	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i !< grid index for measurement position in x-direction
164	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j !< grid index for measurement position in y-direction
165	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k !< grid index for measurement position in k-direction
166
167	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_soil !< grid index for measurement position in x-direction
168	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_soil !< grid index for measurement position in y-direction
169	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_soil !< grid index for measurement position in k-direction
170
171	LOGICAL :: trajectory = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that the observation is a mobile observation
172	LOGICAL :: timseries = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that the observation is a stationary point measurement
173	LOGICAL :: timseries_profile = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that the observation is a stationary profile measurement
174	LOGICAL :: soil_sampling = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that soil state variables were sampled
175
176	REAL(wp) :: fill_eutm !< fill value for UTM coordinates in case of missing values
177	REAL(wp) :: fill_nutm !< fill value for UTM coordinates in case of missing values
178	REAL(wp) :: fill_zag !< fill value for heigth coordinates in case of missing values
179	REAL(wp) :: fillout = -999.9 !< fill value for output in case a observation is taken from inside a building
180	REAL(wp) :: origin_x_obs !< origin of the observation in UTM coordiates in x-direction
181	REAL(wp) :: origin_y_obs !< origin of the observation in UTM coordiates in y-direction
182
183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: z_ag !< measurement height above ground level
184	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: depth !< measurement depth in soil
185
186	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: measured_vars !< measured variables
187	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: measured_vars_soil !< measured variables
188
189	END TYPE virt_mea
190
191	CHARACTER(LEN=5) :: char_eutm = "E_UTM" !< dimension name for UTM coordinate easting
192	CHARACTER(LEN=11) :: char_feature = "featureType" !< attribute name for feature type
193
194	! This need to generalized
195	CHARACTER(LEN=8) :: char_filename = "filename" !< attribute name for filename
196	CHARACTER(LEN=11) :: char_soil = "soil_sample" !< attribute name for soil sampling indication
197	CHARACTER(LEN=10) :: char_fillvalue = "_FillValue" !< variable attribute name for _FillValue
198	CHARACTER(LEN=18) :: char_mv = "measured_variables" !< variable name for the array with the measured variable names
199	CHARACTER(LEN=5) :: char_nutm = "N_UTM" !< dimension name for UTM coordinate northing
200	CHARACTER(LEN=18) :: char_numstations = "number_of_stations" !< attribute name for number of stations
201	CHARACTER(LEN=8) :: char_origx = "origin_x" !< attribute name for station coordinate in x
202	CHARACTER(LEN=8) :: char_origy = "origin_y" !< attribute name for station coordinate in y
203	CHARACTER(LEN=4) :: char_site = "site" !< attribute name for site name
204	CHARACTER(LEN=19) :: char_zag = "height_above_ground" !< attribute name for height above ground variable
205	CHARACTER(LEN=10) :: type_ts = 'timeSeries' !< name of stationary point measurements
206	CHARACTER(LEN=10) :: type_traj = 'trajectory' !< name of line measurements
207	CHARACTER(LEN=17) :: type_tspr = 'timeSeriesProfile' !< name of stationary profile measurements
208
209	CHARACTER(LEN=6), DIMENSION(1:5) :: soil_vars = (/ & !< list of soil variables
210	't_soil', &
211	'm_soil', &
212	'lwc ', &
213	'lwcs ', &
214	'smp ' /)
215
216	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(0:1,1:8) :: chem_vars = RESHAPE( (/ &
217	'mcpm1 ', 'PM1 ', &
218	'mcpm2p5 ', 'PM2.5 ', &
219	'mcpm25 ', 'PM25 ', &
220	'mcpm10 ', 'PM10 ', &
221	'mfno2 ', 'NO2 ', &
222	'mfno ', 'NO ', &
223	'tro3 ', 'O3 ', &
224	'mfco ', 'CO ' &
225	/), (/ 2, 8 /) )
226	!
227	!-- MS: List requires careful revision!
228	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(1:54), PARAMETER :: list_allowed_variables = & !< variables that can be sampled in PALM
229	(/ 'hfls ', & ! surface latent heat flux (W/m2)
230	'hfss ', & ! surface sensible heat flux (W/m2)
231	'hur ', & ! relative humidity (-)
232	'hus ', & ! specific humidity (g/kg)
233	'haa ', & ! absolute atmospheric humidity (kg/m3)
234	'mcpm1 ', & ! mass concentration of PM1 (kg/m3)
235	'mcpm2p5 ', & ! mass concentration of PM2.5 (kg/m3)
236	'mcpm10 ', & ! mass concentration of PM10 (kg/m3)
237	'mcco ', & ! mass concentration of CO (kg/m3)
238	'mcco2 ', & ! mass concentration of CO2 (kg/m3)
239	'mcbcda ', & ! mass concentration of black carbon paritcles (kg/m3)
240	'ncaa ', & ! number concentation of particles (1/m3)
241	'mfco ', & ! mole fraction of CO (mol/mol)
242	'mfco2 ', & ! mole fraction of CO2 (mol/mol)
243	'mfch4 ', & ! mole fraction of methane (mol/mol)
244	'mfnh3 ', & ! mole fraction of amonia (mol/mol)
245	'mfno ', & ! mole fraction of nitrogen monoxide (mol/mol)
246	'mfno2 ', & ! mole fraction of nitrogen dioxide (mol/mol)
247	'mfso2 ', & ! mole fraction of sulfur dioxide (mol/mol)
248	'mfh20 ', & ! mole fraction of water (mol/mol)
249	'plev ', & ! ? air pressure - hydrostaic + perturbation?
250	'rlds ', & ! surface downward longwave flux (W/m2)
251	'rlus ', & ! surface upward longwave flux (W/m2)
252	'rsds ', & ! surface downward shortwave flux (W/m2)
253	'rsus ', & ! surface upward shortwave flux (W/m2)
254	'ta ', & ! air temperature (degree C)
255	't_va ', & ! virtual accoustic temperature (K)
256	'theta ', & ! potential temperature (K)
257	'tro3 ', & ! mole fraction of ozone air (mol/mol)
258	'ts ', & ! scaling parameter of temperature (K)
259	'wspeed ', & ! ? wind speed - horizontal?
260	'wdir ', & ! wind direction
261	'us ', & ! friction velocity
262	'msoil ', & ! ? soil moisture - which depth?
263	'tsoil ', & ! ? soil temperature - which depth?
264	'u ', & ! u-component
265	'utheta ', & ! total eastward kinematic heat flux
266	'ua ', & ! eastward wind (is there any difference to u?)
267	'v ', & ! v-component
268	'vtheta ', & ! total northward kinematic heat flux
269	'va ', & ! northward wind (is there any difference to v?)
270	'w ', & ! w-component
271	'wtheta ', & ! total vertical kinematic heat flux
272	'rld ', & ! downward longwave radiative flux (W/m2)
273	'rlu ', & ! upnward longwave radiative flux (W/m2)
274	'rsd ', & ! downward shortwave radiative flux (W/m2)
275	'rsu ', & ! upward shortwave radiative flux (W/m2)
276	'rsddif ', & ! downward shortwave diffuse radiative flux (W/m2)
277	'rnds ', & ! surface net downward radiative flux (W/m2)
278	't_soil ', &
279	'm_soil ', &
280	'lwc ', &
281	'lwcs ', &
282	'smp ' &
283	/)
284
285
286	LOGICAL :: global_attribute = .TRUE. !< flag indicating a global attribute
287	LOGICAL :: init = .TRUE. !< flag indicating initialization of data output
288	LOGICAL :: use_virtual_measurement = .FALSE. !< Namelist parameter
289
290	REAL(wp) :: dt_virtual_measurement = 0.0_wp !< namelist parameter
291	REAL(wp) :: time_virtual_measurement = 0.0_wp !< time since last 3d output
292	REAL(wp) :: vm_time_start = 0.0 !< time after virtual measurements should start
293
294	TYPE( virt_general ) :: vmea_general !< data structure which encompass general variables
295	TYPE( virt_mea ), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vmea !< virtual measurement data structure
296
297	INTERFACE vm_check_parameters
298	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_check_parameters
299	END INTERFACE vm_check_parameters
300
301	INTERFACE vm_data_output
302	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_data_output
303	END INTERFACE vm_data_output
304
305	INTERFACE vm_init
306	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_init
307	END INTERFACE vm_init
308
309	INTERFACE vm_last_actions
310	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_last_actions
311	END INTERFACE vm_last_actions
312
313	INTERFACE vm_parin
314	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_parin
315	END INTERFACE vm_parin
316
317	INTERFACE vm_sampling
318	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_sampling
319	END INTERFACE vm_sampling
320
321	SAVE
322
323	PRIVATE
324
325	!
326	!-- Public interfaces
327	PUBLIC vm_check_parameters, vm_data_output, vm_init, vm_last_actions, &
328	vm_parin, vm_sampling
329
330	!
331	!-- Public variables
332	PUBLIC dt_virtual_measurement, time_virtual_measurement, vmea, vmea_general, vm_time_start
333
334	CONTAINS
335
336
337	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
338	! Description:
339	! ------------
340	!> Check parameters for virtual measurement module
341	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
342	SUBROUTINE vm_check_parameters
343
344	USE control_parameters, &
345	ONLY: message_string, virtual_measurement
346
347	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
348	ONLY: input_pids_static, input_pids_vm
349
350	IMPLICIT NONE
351
352	!
353	!-- Virtual measurements require a setup file.
354	IF ( virtual_measurement .AND. .NOT. input_pids_vm ) THEN
355	message_string = 'If virtual measurements are taken, a setup input ' // &
356	'file for the site locations is mandatory.'
357	CALL message( 'vm_check_parameters', 'PA0533', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
358	ENDIF
359	!
360	!-- In case virtual measurements are taken, a static input file is required.
361	!-- This is because UTM coordinates for the PALM domain origin are required
362	!-- for correct mapping of the measurements.
363	!-- ToDo: Revise this later and remove this requirement.
364	IF ( virtual_measurement .AND. .NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
365	message_string = 'If virtual measurements are taken, a static input ' //&
366	'file is mandatory.'
367	CALL message( 'vm_check_parameters', 'PA0534', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
368	ENDIF
369
370	END SUBROUTINE vm_check_parameters
371
372	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
373	! Description:
374	! ------------
375	!> Read namelist for the virtual measurement module
376	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
377	SUBROUTINE vm_parin
378
379	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
380
381	NAMELIST /virtual_measurement_parameters/ dt_virtual_measurement, &
382	use_virtual_measurement, &
383	vm_time_start
384
385	line = ' '
386
387	!
388	!-- Try to find stg package
389	REWIND ( 11 )
390	line = ' '
391	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&virtual_measurement_parameters' ) == 0 )
392	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
393	ENDDO
394	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
395
396	!
397	!-- Read namelist
398	READ ( 11, virtual_measurement_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
399
400	!
401	!-- Set flag that indicates that the virtual measurement module is switched on
402	IF ( use_virtual_measurement ) virtual_measurement = .TRUE.
403
404	GOTO 20
405
406	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
407	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
408	CALL parin_fail_message( 'virtual_measurement_parameters', line )
409
410	20 CONTINUE
411
412	END SUBROUTINE vm_parin
413
414
415	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
416	! Description:
417	! ------------
418	!> Initialize virtual measurements: read coordiante arrays and measured
419	!> variables, set indicies indicating the measurement points, read further
420	!> attributes, etc..
421	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
422	SUBROUTINE vm_init
423
424	USE arrays_3d, &
425	ONLY: zu, zw
426
427	USE grid_variables, &
428	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
429
430	USE indices, &
431	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nyn, nys
432
433	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
434	ONLY: init_model, input_file_vm, &
435	netcdf_data_input_get_dimension_length, &
436	netcdf_data_input_att, netcdf_data_input_var
437
438	USE surface_mod, &
439	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
440
441	IMPLICIT NONE
442
443	CHARACTER(LEN=5) :: dum !< dummy string indicate station id
444	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(50) :: measured_variables_file = '' !< array with all measured variables read from NetCDF
445	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(50) :: measured_variables = '' !< dummy array with all measured variables that are allowed
446
447	INTEGER(iwp) :: dim_ntime !< dimension size of time coordinate
448	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index of virtual observation point in x-direction
449	INTEGER(iwp) :: is !< grid index of real observation point of the respective station in x-direction
450	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index of observation point in x-direction
451	INTEGER(iwp) :: js !< grid index of real observation point of the respective station in y-direction
452	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index of observation point in x-direction
453	INTEGER(iwp) :: kl !< lower vertical index of surrounding grid points of an observation coordinate
454	INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< grid index of real observation point of the respective station in z-direction
455	INTEGER(iwp) :: ksurf !< topography top index
456	INTEGER(iwp) :: ku !< upper vertical index of surrounding grid points of an observation coordinate
457	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index over all stations
458	INTEGER(iwp) :: len_char !< character length of single measured variables without Null character
459	INTEGER(iwp) :: ll !< running index over all measured variables in file
460	INTEGER(iwp) :: lll !< running index over all allowed variables
461	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index over trajectory coordinates
462	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns !< counter variable for number of observation points on subdomain
463	INTEGER(iwp) :: t !< running index over number of trajectories
464	INTEGER(iwp) :: m
465
466	INTEGER(KIND=1):: soil_dum
467
468	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ns_all !< dummy array used to sum-up the number of observation coordinates
469
470	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: meas_flag !< mask array indicating measurement positions
471
472	! LOGICAL :: chem_include !< flag indicating that chemical species is considered in modelled mechanism
473	LOGICAL :: on_pe !< flag indicating that the respective measurement coordinate is on subdomain
474
475	REAL(wp) :: fill_eutm !< _FillValue for coordinate array E_UTM
476	REAL(wp) :: fill_nutm !< _FillValue for coordinate array N_UTM
477	REAL(wp) :: fill_zag !< _FillValue for height coordinate
478
479	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: e_utm !< easting UTM coordinate, temporary variable
480	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: n_utm !< northing UTM coordinate, temporary variable
481	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: e_utm_tmp !< EUTM coordinate before rotation
482	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: n_utm_tmp !< NUTM coordinate before rotation
483	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: z_ag !< height coordinate relative to origin_z, temporary variable
484	!
485	!-- Obtain number of sites. Also, pass the 'open' string, in order to initially
486	!-- open the measurement driver.
487	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea_general%nvm, char_numstations, &
488	vmea_general%id_vm, input_file_vm, &
489	global_attribute, 'open', '' )
490	!
491	!-- Allocate data structure which encompass all required information, such as
492	!-- grid points indicies, absolute UTM coordinates, the measured quantities,
493	!-- etc. .
494	ALLOCATE( vmea(1:vmea_general%nvm) )
495	!
496	!-- Allocate flag array. This dummy array is used to identify grid points
497	!-- where virtual measurements should be taken. Please note, at least one
498	!-- ghost point is required, in order to include also the surrounding
499	!-- grid points of the original coordinate.
500	ALLOCATE( meas_flag(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
501	meas_flag = 0
502	!
503	!-- Loop over all sites.
504	DO l = 1, vmea_general%nvm
505	!
506	!-- Determine suffix which contains the ID, ordered according to the number
507	!-- of measurements.
508	IF( l < 10 ) THEN
509	WRITE( dum, '(I1)') l
510	ELSEIF( l < 100 ) THEN
511	WRITE( dum, '(I2)') l
512	ELSEIF( l < 1000 ) THEN
513	WRITE( dum, '(I3)') l
514	ELSEIF( l < 10000 ) THEN
515	WRITE( dum, '(I4)') l
516	ELSEIF( l < 100000 ) THEN
517	WRITE( dum, '(I5)') l
518	ENDIF
519	!
520	!-- Read site coordinates (UTM).
521	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%origin_x_obs, char_origx // &
522	TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
523	global_attribute, '', '' )
524	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%origin_y_obs, char_origy // &
525	TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
526	global_attribute, '', '' )
527	!
528	!-- Read site name
529	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%site, char_site // TRIM( dum ), &
530	vmea_general%id_vm, '', global_attribute, &
531	'', '' )
532	!
533	!-- Read type of the measurement (trajectory, profile, timeseries).
534	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%feature_type, char_feature // &
535	TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
536	global_attribute, '', '' )
537	!
538	!-- Read the name of the original file where observational data is stored.
539	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%filename_original, char_filename // &
540	TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
541	global_attribute, '', '' )
542	!
543	!-- Read a flag which indicates that also soil quantities are take at the
544	!-- respective site (is part of the virtual measurement driver).
545	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( soil_dum, char_soil // TRIM( dum ), &
546	vmea_general%id_vm, '', global_attribute, &
547	'', '' )
548	!
549	!-- Set flag for soil-sampling.
550	IF ( soil_dum == 1 ) vmea(l)%soil_sampling = .TRUE.
551	!
552	!--- Set logicals depending on the type of the measurement
553	IF ( INDEX( vmea(l)%feature_type, type_tspr ) /= 0 ) THEN
554	vmea(l)%timseries_profile = .TRUE.
555	ELSEIF ( INDEX( vmea(l)%feature_type, type_ts ) /= 0 ) THEN
556	vmea(l)%timseries = .TRUE.
557	ELSEIF ( INDEX( vmea(l)%feature_type, type_traj ) /= 0 ) THEN
558	vmea(l)%trajectory = .TRUE.
559	!
560	!-- Give error message in case the type matches non of the pre-defined types.
561	ELSE
562	message_string = 'Attribue featureType = ' // &
563	TRIM( vmea(l)%feature_type ) // &
564	' is not allowed.'
565	CALL message( 'vm_init', 'PA0535', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
566	ENDIF
567	!
568	!-- Read string with all measured variables at this site
569	measured_variables_file = ''
570	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( measured_variables_file, &
571	char_mv // TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm )
572	!
573	!-- Count the number of measured variables. Only count variables that match
574	!-- with the allowed variables.
575	!-- Please note, for some NetCDF interal reasons characters end with a NULL,
576	!-- i.e. also empty characters contain a NULL. Therefore, check the strings
577	!-- for a NULL to get the correct character length in order to compare
578	!-- them with the list of allowed variables.
579	vmea(l)%nmeas = 0
580	DO ll = 1, SIZE( measured_variables_file )
581	IF ( measured_variables_file(ll)(1:1) /= CHAR(0) .AND. &
582	measured_variables_file(ll)(1:1) /= ' ') THEN
583	!
584	!-- Obtain character length of the character
585	len_char = 1
586	DO WHILE ( measured_variables_file(ll)(len_char:len_char) /= CHAR(0)&
587	.AND. measured_variables_file(ll)(len_char:len_char) /= ' ' )
588	len_char = len_char + 1
589	ENDDO
590	len_char = len_char - 1
591	!
592	!-- Now, compare the measured variable with the list of allowed
593	!-- variables.
594	DO lll= 1, SIZE( list_allowed_variables )
595	IF ( measured_variables_file(ll)(1:len_char) == &
596	TRIM( list_allowed_variables(lll) ) ) THEN
597	vmea(l)%nmeas = vmea(l)%nmeas + 1
598	measured_variables(vmea(l)%nmeas) = &
599	measured_variables_file(ll)(1:len_char)
600	ENDIF
601	ENDDO
602	ENDIF
603	ENDDO
604
605
606	!
607	!-- Allocate array for the measured variables names for the respective site.
608	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(1:vmea(l)%nmeas) )
609
610	DO ll = 1, vmea(l)%nmeas
611	vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(ll) = TRIM( measured_variables(ll) )
612	ENDDO
613	!
614	!-- In case of chemistry, check if species is considered in the modelled
615	!-- chemistry mechanism.
616	! IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
617	! DO ll = 1, vmea(l)%nmeas
618	! chem_include = .FALSE.
619	! DO n = 1, nvar
620	! IF ( TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(ll) ) == &
621	! TRIM( chem_species(n)%name ) ) chem_include = .TRUE.
622	! ENDDO
623	! !
624	! !-- Revise this. It should only check for chemistry variables and not for all!
625	! IF ( .NOT. chem_include ) THEN
626	! message_string = TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(ll) ) // &
627	! ' is not considered in the modelled ' // &
628	! 'chemistry mechanism'
629	! CALL message( 'vm_init', 'PA0000', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
630	! ENDIF
631	! ENDDO
632	! ENDIF
633	!
634	!-- Read the UTM coordinates for the actual site. Based on the coordinates,
635	!-- define the grid-index space on each subdomain where virtual measurements
636	!-- should be taken. Note, the entire coordinate arrays will not be stored
637	!-- as this would exceed memory requirements, particularly for trajectory
638	!-- measurements.
639	IF ( vmea(l)%nmeas > 0 ) THEN
640	!
641	!-- For stationary measurements UTM coordinates are just one value and
642	!-- its dimension is "station", while for mobile measurements UTM
643	!-- coordinates are arrays depending on the number of trajectories and
644	!-- time, according to (UC)2 standard. First, inquire dimension length
645	!-- of the UTM coordinates.
646	IF ( vmea(l)%trajectory ) THEN
647	!
648	!-- For non-stationary measurements read the number of trajectories
649	!-- and the number of time coordinates.
650	CALL netcdf_data_input_get_dimension_length( vmea_general%id_vm, &
651	vmea(l)%ntraj, &
652	"traj" // &
653	TRIM( dum ) )
654	CALL netcdf_data_input_get_dimension_length( vmea_general%id_vm, &
655	dim_ntime, &
656	"ntime" // &
657	TRIM( dum ) )
658	!
659	!-- For stationary measurements the dimension for UTM and time
660	!-- coordinates is 1.
661	ELSE
662	vmea(l)%ntraj = 1
663	dim_ntime = 1
664	ENDIF
665	!
666	!- Allocate array which defines individual time frame for each
667	!-- trajectory or station.
668	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%dim_t(1:vmea(l)%ntraj) )
669	!
670	!-- Allocate temporary arrays for UTM and height coordinates. Note,
671	!-- on file UTM coordinates might be 1D or 2D variables
672	ALLOCATE( e_utm(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
673	ALLOCATE( n_utm(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
674	ALLOCATE( z_ag(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
675
676	ALLOCATE( e_utm_tmp(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
677	ALLOCATE( n_utm_tmp(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
678	!
679	!-- Read _FillValue attributes of the coordinate dimensions.
680	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( fill_eutm, char_fillvalue, &
681	vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
682	.NOT. global_attribute, '', &
683	char_eutm // TRIM( dum ) )
684	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( fill_nutm, char_fillvalue, &
685	vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
686	.NOT. global_attribute, '', &
687	char_nutm // TRIM( dum ) )
688	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( fill_zag, char_fillvalue, &
689	vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
690	.NOT. global_attribute, '', &
691	char_zag // TRIM( dum ) )
692	!
693	!-- Read UTM and height coordinates coordinates for all trajectories and
694	!-- times.
695	IF ( vmea(l)%trajectory ) THEN
696	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( e_utm, char_eutm // TRIM( dum ), &
697	vmea_general%id_vm, &
698	0, dim_ntime-1, 0, vmea(l)%ntraj-1 )
699	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( n_utm, char_nutm // TRIM( dum ), &
700	vmea_general%id_vm, &
701	0, dim_ntime-1, 0, vmea(l)%ntraj-1 )
702	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( z_ag, char_zag // TRIM( dum ), &
703	vmea_general%id_vm, &
704	0, dim_ntime-1, 0, vmea(l)%ntraj-1 )
705	ELSE
706	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( e_utm(1,:), char_eutm // TRIM( dum ), &
707	vmea_general%id_vm )
708	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( n_utm(1,:), char_nutm // TRIM( dum ), &
709	vmea_general%id_vm )
710	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( z_ag(1,:), char_zag // TRIM( dum ), &
711	vmea_general%id_vm )
712	ENDIF
713	!
714	!-- Based on UTM coordinates, check if the measurement station or parts
715	!-- of the trajectory is on subdomain. This case, setup grid index space
716	!-- sample these quantities.
717	meas_flag = 0
718	DO t = 1, vmea(l)%ntraj
719	!
720	!-- First, compute relative x- and y-coordinates with respect to the
721	!-- lower-left origin of the model domain, which is the difference
722	!-- between UTM coordinates. Note, if the origin is not correct, the
723	!-- virtual sites will be misplaced.
724	e_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime) = e_utm(t,1:dim_ntime) - init_model%origin_x
725	n_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime) = n_utm(t,1:dim_ntime) - init_model%origin_y
726	e_utm(t,1:dim_ntime) = COS( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
727	* e_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime) &
728	- SIN( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
729	* n_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime)
730	n_utm(t,1:dim_ntime) = SIN( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
731	* e_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime) &
732	+ COS( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
733	* n_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime)
734	!
735	!-- Determine the individual time coordinate length for each station and
736	!-- trajectory. This is required as several stations and trajectories
737	!-- are merged into one file but they do not have the same number of
738	!-- points in time, hence, missing values may occur and cannot be
739	!-- processed further. This is actually a work-around for the specific
740	!-- (UC)2 dataset, but it won't harm in anyway.
741	vmea(l)%dim_t(t) = 0
742	DO n = 1, dim_ntime
743	IF ( e_utm(t,n) /= fill_eutm .AND. &
744	n_utm(t,n) /= fill_nutm .AND. &
745	z_ag(t,n) /= fill_zag ) vmea(l)%dim_t(t) = n
746	ENDDO
747	!
748	!-- Compute grid indices relative to origin and check if these are
749	!-- on the subdomain. Note, virtual measurements will be taken also
750	!-- at grid points surrounding the station, hence, check also for
751	!-- these grid points.
752	DO n = 1, vmea(l)%dim_t(t)
753	is = INT( ( e_utm(t,n) + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx, KIND = iwp )
754	js = INT( ( n_utm(t,n) + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy, KIND = iwp )
755	!
756	!-- Is the observation point on subdomain?
757	on_pe = ( is >= nxl .AND. is <= nxr .AND. &
758	js >= nys .AND. js <= nyn )
759	!
760	!-- Check if observation coordinate is on subdomain
761	IF ( on_pe ) THEN
762	!
763	!-- Determine vertical index which correspond to the observation
764	!-- height.
765	ksurf = get_topography_top_index_ji( js, is, 's' )
766	ks = MINLOC( ABS( zu - zw(ksurf) - z_ag(t,n) ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
767	!
768	!-- Set mask array at the observation coordinates. Also, flag the
769	!-- surrounding coordinate points, but first check whether the
770	!-- surrounding coordinate points are on the subdomain.
771	kl = MERGE( ks-1, ks, ks-1 >= nzb .AND. ks-1 >= ksurf )
772	ku = MERGE( ks+1, ks, ks+1 < nzt+1 )
773
774	DO i = is-1, is+1
775	DO j = js-1, js+1
776	DO k = kl, ku
777	meas_flag(k,j,i) = MERGE( &
778	IBSET( meas_flag(k,j,i), 0 ), &
779	0, &
780	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) &
781	)
782	ENDDO
783	ENDDO
784	ENDDO
785	ENDIF
786	ENDDO
787
788	ENDDO
789	!
790	!-- Based on the flag array count the number of of sampling coordinates.
791	!-- Please note, sampling coordinates in atmosphere and soil may be
792	!-- different, as within the soil all levels will be measured.
793	!-- Hence, count individually. Start with atmoshere.
794	ns = 0
795	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
796	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
797	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
798	ns = ns + MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( meas_flag(k,j,i), 0 ) )
799	ENDDO
800	ENDDO
801	ENDDO
802
803	!
804	!-- Store number of observation points on subdomain and allocate index
805	!-- arrays as well as array containing height information.
806	vmea(l)%ns = ns
807
808	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%i(1:vmea(l)%ns) )
809	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%j(1:vmea(l)%ns) )
810	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%k(1:vmea(l)%ns) )
811	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%z_ag(1:vmea(l)%ns) )
812	!
813	!-- Based on the flag array store the grid indices which correspond to
814	!-- the observation coordinates.
815	ns = 0
816	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
817	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
818	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
819	IF ( BTEST( meas_flag(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
820	ns = ns + 1
821	vmea(l)%i(ns) = i
822	vmea(l)%j(ns) = j
823	vmea(l)%k(ns) = k
824	vmea(l)%z_ag(ns) = zu(k) - &
825	zw(get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' ))
826	ENDIF
827	ENDDO
828	ENDDO
829	ENDDO
830	!
831	!-- Same for the soil. Based on the flag array, count the number of
832	!-- sampling coordinates in soil. Sample at all soil levels in this case.
833	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) THEN
834	DO i = nxl, nxr
835	DO j = nys, nyn
836	IF ( ANY( BTEST( meas_flag(:,j,i), 0 ) ) ) THEN
837	IF ( surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
838	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
839	vmea(l)%ns_soil = vmea(l)%ns_soil + &
840	nzt_soil - nzb_soil + 1
841	ENDIF
842	IF ( surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
843	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
844	vmea(l)%ns_soil = vmea(l)%ns_soil + &
845	nzt_wall - nzb_wall + 1
846	ENDIF
847	ENDIF
848	ENDDO
849	ENDDO
850	ENDIF
851	!
852	!-- Allocate index arrays as well as array containing height information
853	!-- for soil.
854	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) THEN
855	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%i_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) )
856	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%j_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) )
857	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%k_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) )
858	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%depth(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) )
859	ENDIF
860	!
861	!-- For soil, store the grid indices.
862	ns = 0
863	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) THEN
864	DO i = nxl, nxr
865	DO j = nys, nyn
866	IF ( ANY( BTEST( meas_flag(:,j,i), 0 ) ) ) THEN
867	IF ( surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
868	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
869	m = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
870	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
871	ns = ns + 1
872	vmea(l)%i_soil(ns) = i
873	vmea(l)%j_soil(ns) = j
874	vmea(l)%k_soil(ns) = k
875	vmea(l)%depth(ns) = zs(k)
876	ENDDO
877	ENDIF
878
879	IF ( surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
880	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
881	m = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i)
882	DO k = nzb_wall, nzt_wall
883	ns = ns + 1
884	vmea(l)%i_soil(ns) = i
885	vmea(l)%j_soil(ns) = j
886	vmea(l)%k_soil(ns) = k
887	vmea(l)%depth(ns) = surf_usm_h%zw(k,m)
888	ENDDO
889	ENDIF
890	ENDIF
891	ENDDO
892	ENDDO
893	ENDIF
894	!
895	!-- Allocate array to save the sampled values.
896	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%measured_vars(1:vmea(l)%ns,1:vmea(l)%nmeas) )
897
898	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) &
899	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil, &
900	1:vmea(l)%nmeas) )
901	!
902	!-- Initialize with _FillValues
903	vmea(l)%measured_vars(1:vmea(l)%ns,1:vmea(l)%nmeas) = vmea(l)%fillout
904	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) &
905	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil,1:vmea(l)%nmeas) = &
906	vmea(l)%fillout
907	!
908	!-- Deallocate temporary coordinate arrays
909	IF ( ALLOCATED( e_utm ) ) DEALLOCATE( e_utm )
910	IF ( ALLOCATED( n_utm ) ) DEALLOCATE( n_utm )
911	IF ( ALLOCATED( e_utm_tmp ) ) DEALLOCATE( e_utm_tmp )
912	IF ( ALLOCATED( n_utm_tmp ) ) DEALLOCATE( n_utm_tmp )
913	IF ( ALLOCATED( n_utm ) ) DEALLOCATE( n_utm )
914	IF ( ALLOCATED( z_ag ) ) DEALLOCATE( z_ag )
915	IF ( ALLOCATED( z_ag ) ) DEALLOCATE( vmea(l)%dim_t )
916	ENDIF
917	ENDDO
918	!
919	!-- Close input file for virtual measurements. Therefore, just call
920	!-- the read attribute routine with the "close" option.
921	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea_general%nvm, char_numstations, &
922	vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
923	global_attribute, 'close', '' )
924	!
925	!-- Sum-up the number of observation coordiates, for atmosphere first.
926	!-- This is actually only required for data output.
927	ALLOCATE( ns_all(1:vmea_general%nvm) )
928	ns_all = 0
929	#if defined( __parallel )
930	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( vmea(:)%ns, ns_all(:), vmea_general%nvm, MPI_INTEGER, &
931	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
932	#else
933	ns_all(:) = vmea(:)%ns
934	#endif
935	vmea(:)%ns_tot = ns_all(:)
936	!
937	!-- Now for soil
938	ns_all = 0
939	#if defined( __parallel )
940	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( vmea(:)%ns_soil, ns_all(:), vmea_general%nvm, &
941	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
942	#else
943	ns_all(:) = vmea(:)%ns_soil
944	#endif
945	vmea(:)%ns_soil_tot = ns_all(:)
946
947	DEALLOCATE( ns_all )
948	!
949	!-- Dellocate flag array
950	DEALLOCATE( meas_flag )
951	!
952	!-- Initialize binary data output of virtual measurements.
953	!-- Open binary output file.
954	CALL check_open( 27 )
955	!
956	!-- Output header information.
957	CALL vm_data_output
958
959	END SUBROUTINE vm_init
960
961
962	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
963	! Description:
964	! ------------
965	!> Binary data output.
966	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
967	SUBROUTINE vm_data_output
968
969	USE pegrid
970
971	IMPLICIT NONE
972
973	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index over IO blocks
974	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index over all stations
975	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index over all measured variables at a station
976	!
977	!-- Header output on each PE
978	IF ( init ) THEN
979
980	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
981	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
982	WRITE ( 27 ) 'number of measurements '
983	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea_general%nvm
984
985	DO l = 1, vmea_general%nvm
986	WRITE ( 27 ) 'site '
987	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%site
988	WRITE ( 27 ) 'file '
989	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%filename_original
990	WRITE ( 27 ) 'feature_type '
991	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%feature_type
992	WRITE ( 27 ) 'origin_x_obs '
993	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%origin_x_obs
994	WRITE ( 27 ) 'origin_y_obs '
995	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%origin_y_obs
996	WRITE ( 27 ) 'total number of observation points'
997	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%ns_tot
998	WRITE ( 27 ) 'number of measured variables '
999	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%nmeas
1000	WRITE ( 27 ) 'variables '
1001	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(:)
1002	WRITE ( 27 ) 'number of observation points '
1003	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%ns
1004	WRITE ( 27 ) 'E_UTM '
1005	WRITE ( 27 ) init_model%origin_x &
1006	+ REAL( vmea(l)%i(1:vmea(l)%ns) + 0.5_wp, KIND = wp ) * dx &
1007	* COS( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
1008	+ REAL( vmea(l)%j(1:vmea(l)%ns) + 0.5_wp, KIND = wp ) * dy &
1009	* SIN( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp )
1010	WRITE ( 27 ) 'N_UTM '
1011	WRITE ( 27 ) init_model%origin_y &
1012	- REAL( vmea(l)%i(1:vmea(l)%ns) + 0.5_wp, KIND = wp ) * dx &
1013	* SIN( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
1014	+ REAL( vmea(l)%j(1:vmea(l)%ns) + 0.5_wp, KIND = wp ) * dy &
1015	* COS( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp )
1016	WRITE ( 27 ) 'Z_AG '
1017	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%z_ag(1:vmea(l)%ns)
1018	WRITE ( 27 ) 'soil sampling '
1019	WRITE ( 27 ) MERGE( 'yes ', &
1020	'no ', &
1021	vmea(l)%soil_sampling )
1022
1023	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) THEN
1024	WRITE ( 27 ) 'total number of soil points '
1025	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%ns_soil_tot
1026	WRITE ( 27 ) 'number of soil points '
1027	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%ns_soil
1028	WRITE ( 27 ) 'E_UTM soil '
1029	WRITE ( 27 ) init_model%origin_x &
1030	+ REAL( vmea(l)%i_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) + 0.5_wp, &
1031	KIND = wp ) * dx &
1032	* COS( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
1033	+ REAL( vmea(l)%j_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) + 0.5_wp, &
1034	KIND = wp ) * dy &
1035	* SIN( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp )
1036	WRITE ( 27 ) 'N_UTM soil '
1037	WRITE ( 27 ) init_model%origin_y &
1038	- REAL( vmea(l)%i_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) + 0.5_wp, &
1039	KIND = wp ) * dx &
1040	* SIN( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
1041	+ REAL( vmea(l)%j_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) + 0.5_wp, &
1042	KIND = wp ) * dy &
1043	* COS( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp )
1044	WRITE ( 27 ) 'DEPTH '
1045	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%depth(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil)
1046	ENDIF
1047	ENDDO
1048
1049	ENDIF
1050	ENDDO
1051
1052	#if defined( __parallel )
1053	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1054	#endif
1055	!
1056	!-- After header information is written, set control flag to .FALSE.
1057	init = .FALSE.
1058	!
1059	!-- Data output at each measurement timestep on each PE
1060	ELSE
1061	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1062
1063	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1064	WRITE( 27 ) 'output time '
1065	WRITE( 27 ) time_since_reference_point
1066	DO l = 1, vmea_general%nvm
1067	!
1068	!-- Skip binary writing if no observation points are defined on PE
1069	IF ( vmea(l)%ns < 1 .AND. vmea(l)%ns_soil < 1) CYCLE
1070	DO n = 1, vmea(l)%nmeas
1071	WRITE( 27 ) vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(n)
1072	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling .AND. &
1073	ANY( TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(n)) == &
1074	soil_vars ) ) THEN
1075	WRITE( 27 ) vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(:,n)
1076	ELSE
1077	WRITE( 27 ) vmea(l)%measured_vars(:,n)
1078	ENDIF
1079	ENDDO
1080
1081	ENDDO
1082	ENDIF
1083	ENDDO
1084	#if defined( __parallel )
1085	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1086	#endif
1087	ENDIF
1088
1089	END SUBROUTINE vm_data_output
1090
1091
1092	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1093	! Description:
1094	! ------------
1095	!> Write end-of-file statement as last action.
1096	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1097	SUBROUTINE vm_last_actions
1098
1099	USE pegrid
1100
1101	IMPLICIT NONE
1102
1103	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index over IO blocks
1104
1105	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1106	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1107	WRITE( 27 ) 'EOF '
1108	ENDIF
1109	ENDDO
1110	#if defined( __parallel )
1111	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1112	#endif
1113	!
1114	!-- Close binary file
1115	CALL close_file( 27 )
1116
1117	END SUBROUTINE vm_last_actions
1118
1119	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1120	! Description:
1121	! ------------
1122	!> Sampling of the actual quantities along the observation coordinates
1123	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1124	SUBROUTINE vm_sampling
1125
1126	USE arrays_3d, &
1127	ONLY: exner, pt, q, u, v, w
1128
1129	USE radiation_model_mod, &
1130	ONLY: radiation
1131
1132	USE surface_mod, &
1133	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
1134
1135	IMPLICIT NONE
1136
1137	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1138	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index in y-direction
1139	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index in z-direction
1140	INTEGER(iwp) :: ind_chem !< dummy index to identify chemistry variable and translate it from (UC)2 standard to interal naming
1141	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index over the number of stations
1142	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index over all virtual observation coordinates
1143	INTEGER(iwp) :: mm !< index of surface element which corresponds to the virtual observation coordinate
1144	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index over all measured variables at a station
1145	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !< running index over the number of chemcal species
1146
1147	LOGICAL :: match_lsm !< flag indicating natural-type surface
1148	LOGICAL :: match_usm !< flag indicating urban-type surface
1149	!
1150	!-- Loop over all sites.
1151	DO l = 1, vmea_general%nvm
1152	!
1153	!-- At the beginning, set _FillValues
1154	IF ( ALLOCATED( vmea(l)%measured_vars ) ) &
1155	vmea(l)%measured_vars = vmea(l)%fillout
1156	IF ( ALLOCATED( vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil ) ) &
1157	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil = vmea(l)%fillout
1158	!
1159	!-- Loop over all variables measured at this site.
1160	DO n = 1, vmea(l)%nmeas
1161
1162	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(n) ) )
1163
1164	CASE ( 'theta' )
1165	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
1166	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1167	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1168	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1169	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1170	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = pt(k,j,i)
1171	ENDDO
1172	ENDIF
1173
1174	CASE ( 'ta' )
1175	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
1176	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1177	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1178	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1179	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1180	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = pt(k,j,i) * exner( k )
1181	ENDDO
1182	ENDIF
1183
1184	CASE ( 't_va' )
1185
1186	CASE ( 'hus', 'haa' )
1187	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1188	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1189	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1190	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1191	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1192	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = q(k,j,i)
1193	ENDDO
1194	ENDIF
1195
1196	CASE ( 'u', 'ua' )
1197	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1198	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1199	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1200	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1201	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
1202	ENDDO
1203
1204	CASE ( 'v', 'va' )
1205	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1206	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1207	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1208	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1209	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
1210	ENDDO
1211
1212	CASE ( 'w' )
1213	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1214	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1215	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1216	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1217	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
1218	ENDDO
1219
1220	CASE ( 'wspeed' )
1221	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1222	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1223	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1224	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1225	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = SQRT( &
1226	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
1227	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 &
1228	)
1229	ENDDO
1230
1231	CASE ( 'wdir' )
1232	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1233	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1234	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1235	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1236
1237	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = ATAN2( &
1238	- 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ), &
1239	- 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1240	) * 180.0_wp / pi
1241	ENDDO
1242
1243	CASE ( 'utheta' )
1244	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1245	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1246	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1247	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1248	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * &
1249	( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * &
1250	pt(k,j,i)
1251	ENDDO
1252
1253	CASE ( 'vtheta' )
1254	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1255	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1256	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1257	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1258	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * &
1259	( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * &
1260	pt(k,j,i)
1261	ENDDO
1262
1263	CASE ( 'wtheta' )
1264	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1265	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1266	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1267	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1268	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * &
1269	( w(k-1,j,i) + w(k,j,i) ) * &
1270	pt(k,j,i)
1271	ENDDO
1272
1273	CASE ( 'uw' )
1274	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1275	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1276	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1277	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1278	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.25_wp * &
1279	( w(k-1,j,i) + w(k,j,i) ) * &
1280	( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
1281	ENDDO
1282
1283	CASE ( 'vw' )
1284	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1285	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1286	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1287	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1288	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.25_wp * &
1289	( w(k-1,j,i) + w(k,j,i) ) * &
1290	( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
1291	ENDDO
1292
1293	CASE ( 'uv' )
1294	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1295	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1296	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1297	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1298	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.25_wp * &
1299	( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * &
1300	( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
1301	ENDDO
1302	!
1303	!-- List of variables may need extension.
1304	CASE ( 'mcpm1', 'mcpm2p5', 'mcpm10', 'mfco', 'mfno', 'mfno2', &
1305	'tro3' )
1306	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
1307	!
1308	!-- First, search for the measured variable in the chem_vars
1309	!-- list, in order to get the internal name of the variable.
1310	DO nn = 1, UBOUND( chem_vars, 2 )
1311	IF ( TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(m) ) == &
1312	TRIM( chem_vars(0,nn) ) ) ind_chem = nn
1313	ENDDO
1314	!
1315	!-- Run loop over all chemical species, if the measured
1316	!-- variable matches the interal name, sample the variable.
1317	DO nn = 1, nvar
1318	IF ( TRIM( chem_vars(1,ind_chem) ) == &
1319	TRIM( chem_species(nn)%name ) ) THEN
1320	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1321	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1322	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1323	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1324	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = &
1325	chem_species(nn)%conc(k,j,i)
1326	ENDDO
1327	ENDIF
1328	ENDDO
1329	ENDIF
1330
1331	CASE ( 'us' )
1332	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1333	!
1334	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1335	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1336	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1337	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1338	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1339	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1340
1341	DO mm = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i), &
1342	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
1343	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_def_h(0)%us(mm)
1344	ENDDO
1345	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1346	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1347	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%us(mm)
1348	ENDDO
1349	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1350	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1351	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%us(mm)
1352	ENDDO
1353	ENDDO
1354
1355	CASE ( 'ts' )
1356	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1357	!
1358	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1359	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1360	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1361	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1362	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1363	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1364
1365	DO mm = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i), &
1366	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
1367	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_def_h(0)%ts(mm)
1368	ENDDO
1369	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1370	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1371	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%ts(mm)
1372	ENDDO
1373	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1374	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1375	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%ts(mm)
1376	ENDDO
1377	ENDDO
1378
1379	CASE ( 'hfls' )
1380	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1381	!
1382	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1383	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1384	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1385	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1386	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1387	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1388
1389	DO mm = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i), &
1390	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
1391	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_def_h(0)%qsws(mm)
1392	ENDDO
1393	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1394	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1395	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%qsws(mm)
1396	ENDDO
1397	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1398	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1399	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%qsws(mm)
1400	ENDDO
1401	ENDDO
1402
1403	CASE ( 'hfss' )
1404	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1405	!
1406	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1407	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1408	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1409	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1410	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1411	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1412
1413	DO mm = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i), &
1414	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
1415	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_def_h(0)%shf(mm)
1416	ENDDO
1417	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1418	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1419	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%shf(mm)
1420	ENDDO
1421	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1422	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1423	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%shf(mm)
1424	ENDDO
1425	ENDDO
1426
1427	CASE ( 'rnds' )
1428	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1429	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1430	!
1431	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1432	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1433	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1434	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1435	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1436	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1437
1438	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1439	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1440	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_net(mm)
1441	ENDDO
1442	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1443	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1444	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_net(mm)
1445	ENDDO
1446	ENDDO
1447	ENDIF
1448
1449	CASE ( 'rsus' )
1450	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1451	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1452	!
1453	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1454	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1455	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1456	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1457	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1458	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1459
1460	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1461	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1462	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_sw_out(mm)
1463	ENDDO
1464	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1465	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1466	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_sw_out(mm)
1467	ENDDO
1468	ENDDO
1469	ENDIF
1470
1471	CASE ( 'rsds' )
1472	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1473	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1474	!
1475	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1476	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1477	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1478	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1479	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1480	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1481
1482	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1483	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1484	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_sw_in(mm)
1485	ENDDO
1486	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1487	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1488	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_sw_in(mm)
1489	ENDDO
1490	ENDDO
1491	ENDIF
1492
1493	CASE ( 'rlus' )
1494	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1495	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1496	!
1497	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1498	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1499	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1500	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1501	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1502	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1503
1504	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1505	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1506	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_lw_out(mm)
1507	ENDDO
1508	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1509	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1510	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_lw_out(mm)
1511	ENDDO
1512	ENDDO
1513	ENDIF
1514
1515	CASE ( 'rlds' )
1516	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1517	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1518	!
1519	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1520	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1521	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1522	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1523	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1524	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1525
1526	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1527	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1528	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_lw_in(mm)
1529	ENDDO
1530	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1531	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1532	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_lw_in(mm)
1533	ENDDO
1534	ENDDO
1535	ENDIF
1536
1537	CASE ( 'rsd' )
1538	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1539	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1540	k = MERGE( 0, vmea(l)%k(m), radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1541	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1542	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1543
1544	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_sw_in(k,j,i)
1545	ENDDO
1546	ENDIF
1547
1548	CASE ( 'rsu' )
1549	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1550	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1551	k = MERGE( 0, vmea(l)%k(m), radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1552	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1553	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1554
1555	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_sw_out(k,j,i)
1556	ENDDO
1557	ENDIF
1558
1559	CASE ( 'rlu' )
1560	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1561	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1562	k = MERGE( 0, vmea(l)%k(m), radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1563	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1564	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1565
1566	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_lw_out(k,j,i)
1567	ENDDO
1568	ENDIF
1569
1570	CASE ( 'rld' )
1571	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1572	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1573	k = MERGE( 0, vmea(l)%k(m), radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1574	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1575	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1576
1577	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_lw_in(k,j,i)
1578	ENDDO
1579	ENDIF
1580
1581	CASE ( 'rsddif' )
1582	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1583	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1584	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1585	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1586
1587	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_sw_in_diff(j,i)
1588	ENDDO
1589	ENDIF
1590
1591	CASE ( 't_soil' )
1592	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns_soil
1593	i = vmea(l)%i_soil(m)
1594	j = vmea(l)%j_soil(m)
1595	k = vmea(l)%k_soil(m)
1596
1597	match_lsm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
1598	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1599	match_usm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
1600	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1601
1602	IF ( match_lsm ) THEN
1603	mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
1604	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(m,n) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,mm)
1605	ENDIF
1606
1607	IF ( match_usm ) THEN
1608	mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i)
1609	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(m,n) = t_wall_h(k,mm)
1610	ENDIF
1611	ENDDO
1612
1613	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
1614	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns_soil
1615	i = vmea(l)%i_soil(m)
1616	j = vmea(l)%j_soil(m)
1617	k = vmea(l)%k_soil(m)
1618
1619	match_lsm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
1620	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1621
1622	IF ( match_lsm ) THEN
1623	mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
1624	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(m,n) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,mm)
1625	ENDIF
1626
1627	ENDDO
1628	!
1629	!-- More will follow ...
1630
1631	!
1632	!-- No match found - just set a fill value
1633	CASE DEFAULT
1634	vmea(l)%measured_vars(:,n) = vmea(l)%fillout
1635	END SELECT
1636
1637	ENDDO
1638
1639	ENDDO
1640
1641	END SUBROUTINE vm_sampling
1642
1643
1644	END MODULE virtual_measurement_mod

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