1 | !> @file timestep.f90 |
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2 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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3 | ! This file is part of PALM. |
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4 | ! |
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5 | ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms |
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6 | ! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, |
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7 | ! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
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8 | ! |
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9 | ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY |
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10 | ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR |
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11 | ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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12 | ! |
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13 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with |
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14 | ! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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15 | ! |
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16 | ! Copyright 1997-2014 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover |
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17 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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18 | ! |
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19 | ! Current revisions: |
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20 | ! ------------------ |
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21 | ! |
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22 | ! |
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23 | ! Former revisions: |
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24 | ! ----------------- |
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25 | ! $Id: timestep.f90 1683 2015-10-07 23:57:51Z raasch $ |
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26 | ! |
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27 | ! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop |
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28 | ! Code annotations made doxygen readable |
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29 | ! |
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30 | ! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani |
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31 | ! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model: |
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32 | ! calculations and parameters related to the plant canopy model removed |
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33 | ! (the limitation of the canopy drag, i.e. that the canopy drag itself should |
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34 | ! not change the sign of the velocity components, is now assured for in the |
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35 | ! calculation of the canopy tendency terms in subroutine plant_canopy_model) |
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36 | ! |
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37 | ! 1342 2014-03-26 17:04:47Z kanani |
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38 | ! REAL constants defined as wp-kind |
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39 | ! |
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40 | ! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch |
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41 | ! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute |
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42 | ! |
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43 | ! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch |
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44 | ! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements, |
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45 | ! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements, |
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46 | ! kinds are defined in new module kinds, |
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47 | ! old module precision_kind is removed, |
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48 | ! revision history before 2012 removed, |
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49 | ! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to |
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50 | ! all variable declaration statements |
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51 | ! |
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52 | ! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch |
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53 | ! openacc porting |
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54 | ! bugfix for calculation of advective timestep in case of vertically stretched |
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55 | ! grids |
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56 | ! |
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57 | ! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch |
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58 | ! unused variables removed |
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59 | ! |
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60 | ! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann |
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61 | ! timestep is reduced in two-moment cloud scheme according to the maximum |
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62 | ! terminal velocity of rain drops |
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63 | ! |
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64 | ! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch |
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65 | ! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9) |
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66 | ! |
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67 | ! 1001 2012-09-13 14:08:46Z raasch |
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68 | ! all actions concerning leapfrog scheme removed |
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69 | ! |
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70 | ! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke |
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71 | ! restriction of the outflow damping layer in the diffusion criterion removed |
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72 | ! |
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73 | ! 866 2012-03-28 06:44:41Z raasch |
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74 | ! bugfix for timestep calculation in case of Galilei transformation, |
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75 | ! special treatment in case of mirror velocity boundary condition removed |
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76 | ! |
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77 | ! Revision 1.1 1997/08/11 06:26:19 raasch |
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78 | ! Initial revision |
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79 | ! |
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80 | ! |
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81 | ! Description: |
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82 | ! ------------ |
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83 | !> Compute the time step under consideration of the FCL and diffusion criterion. |
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84 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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85 | SUBROUTINE timestep |
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86 | |
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87 | |
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88 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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89 | ONLY: dzu, dzw, kh, km, u, v, w |
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90 | |
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91 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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92 | ONLY: dt_precipitation |
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93 | |
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94 | USE control_parameters, & |
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95 | ONLY: cfl_factor, coupling_mode, dt_3d, dt_fixed, dt_max, & |
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96 | galilei_transformation, old_dt, message_string, & |
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97 | stop_dt, terminate_coupled, terminate_coupled_remote, & |
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98 | timestep_reason, u_gtrans, use_ug_for_galilei_tr, v_gtrans |
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99 | |
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100 | USE cpulog, & |
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101 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point |
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102 | |
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103 | USE grid_variables, & |
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104 | ONLY: dx, dx2, dy, dy2 |
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105 | |
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106 | USE indices, & |
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107 | ONLY: nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb, nzt |
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108 | |
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109 | USE interfaces |
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110 | |
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111 | USE kinds |
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112 | |
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113 | USE pegrid |
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114 | |
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115 | USE statistics, & |
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116 | ONLY: flow_statistics_called, hom, u_max, u_max_ijk, v_max, v_max_ijk,& |
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117 | w_max, w_max_ijk |
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118 | |
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119 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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120 | |
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121 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
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122 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
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123 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
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124 | |
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125 | REAL(wp) :: div !< |
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126 | REAL(wp) :: dt_diff !< |
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127 | REAL(wp) :: dt_diff_l !< |
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128 | REAL(wp) :: dt_u !< |
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129 | REAL(wp) :: dt_u_l !< |
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130 | REAL(wp) :: dt_v !< |
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131 | REAL(wp) :: dt_v_l !< |
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132 | REAL(wp) :: dt_w !< |
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133 | REAL(wp) :: dt_w_l !< |
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134 | REAL(wp) :: u_gtrans_l !< |
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135 | REAL(wp) :: u_max_l !< |
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136 | REAL(wp) :: u_min_l !< |
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137 | REAL(wp) :: value !< |
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138 | REAL(wp) :: v_gtrans_l !< |
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139 | REAL(wp) :: v_max_l !< |
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140 | REAL(wp) :: v_min_l !< |
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141 | REAL(wp) :: w_max_l !< |
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142 | REAL(wp) :: w_min_l !< |
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143 | |
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144 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(2) :: uv_gtrans !< |
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145 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(2) :: uv_gtrans_l !< |
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146 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: reduce !< |
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147 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: reduce_l !< |
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148 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt) :: dxyz2_min !< |
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149 | |
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150 | |
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151 | |
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152 | CALL cpu_log( log_point(12), 'calculate_timestep', 'start' ) |
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153 | |
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154 | ! |
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155 | !-- In case of Galilei-transform not using the geostrophic wind as translation |
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156 | !-- velocity, compute the volume-averaged horizontal velocity components, which |
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157 | !-- will then be subtracted from the horizontal wind for the time step and |
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158 | !-- horizontal advection routines. |
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159 | IF ( galilei_transformation .AND. .NOT. use_ug_for_galilei_tr ) THEN |
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160 | IF ( flow_statistics_called ) THEN |
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161 | ! |
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162 | !-- Horizontal averages already existent, just need to average them |
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163 | !-- vertically. |
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164 | u_gtrans = 0.0_wp |
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165 | v_gtrans = 0.0_wp |
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166 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
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167 | u_gtrans = u_gtrans + hom(k,1,1,0) |
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168 | v_gtrans = v_gtrans + hom(k,1,2,0) |
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169 | ENDDO |
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170 | u_gtrans = u_gtrans / REAL( nzt - nzb, KIND=wp ) |
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171 | v_gtrans = v_gtrans / REAL( nzt - nzb, KIND=wp ) |
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172 | ELSE |
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173 | ! |
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174 | !-- Averaging over the entire model domain. |
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175 | u_gtrans_l = 0.0_wp |
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176 | v_gtrans_l = 0.0_wp |
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177 | !$acc parallel present( u, v ) |
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178 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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179 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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180 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
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181 | u_gtrans_l = u_gtrans_l + u(k,j,i) |
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182 | v_gtrans_l = v_gtrans_l + v(k,j,i) |
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183 | ENDDO |
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184 | ENDDO |
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185 | ENDDO |
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186 | !$acc end parallel |
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187 | uv_gtrans_l(1) = u_gtrans_l / REAL( (nxr-nxl+1)*(nyn-nys+1)*(nzt-nzb), KIND=wp ) |
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188 | uv_gtrans_l(2) = v_gtrans_l / REAL( (nxr-nxl+1)*(nyn-nys+1)*(nzt-nzb), KIND=wp ) |
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189 | #if defined( __parallel ) |
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190 | IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) |
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191 | CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( uv_gtrans_l, uv_gtrans, 2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, & |
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192 | comm2d, ierr ) |
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193 | u_gtrans = uv_gtrans(1) / REAL( numprocs, KIND=wp ) |
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194 | v_gtrans = uv_gtrans(2) / REAL( numprocs, KIND=wp ) |
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195 | #else |
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196 | u_gtrans = uv_gtrans_l(1) |
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197 | v_gtrans = uv_gtrans_l(2) |
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198 | #endif |
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199 | ENDIF |
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200 | ENDIF |
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201 | |
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202 | ! |
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203 | !-- Determine the maxima of the velocity components, including their |
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204 | !-- grid index positions. |
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205 | #if defined( __openacc ) |
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206 | IF ( dt_fixed ) THEN ! otherwise do it further below for better cache usage |
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207 | u_max_l = -999999.9_wp |
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208 | u_min_l = 999999.9_wp |
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209 | v_max_l = -999999.9_wp |
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210 | v_min_l = 999999.9_wp |
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211 | w_max_l = -999999.9_wp |
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212 | w_min_l = 999999.9_wp |
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213 | !$acc parallel present( u, v, w ) |
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214 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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215 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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216 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
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217 | u_max_l = MAX( u_max_l, u(k,j,i) ) |
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218 | u_min_l = MIN( u_min_l, u(k,j,i) ) |
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219 | v_max_l = MAX( v_max_l, v(k,j,i) ) |
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220 | v_min_l = MIN( v_min_l, v(k,j,i) ) |
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221 | w_max_l = MAX( w_max_l, w(k,j,i) ) |
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222 | w_min_l = MIN( w_min_l, w(k,j,i) ) |
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223 | ENDDO |
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224 | ENDDO |
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225 | ENDDO |
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226 | !$acc end parallel |
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227 | #if defined( __parallel ) |
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228 | reduce_l(1) = u_max_l |
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229 | reduce_l(2) = v_max_l |
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230 | reduce_l(3) = w_max_l |
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231 | IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) |
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232 | CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( reduce_l, reduce, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr ) |
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233 | u_max = reduce(1) |
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234 | v_max = reduce(2) |
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235 | w_max = reduce(3) |
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236 | reduce_l(1) = u_min_l |
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237 | reduce_l(2) = v_min_l |
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238 | reduce_l(3) = w_min_l |
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239 | IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) |
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240 | CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( reduce_l, reduce, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_MIN, comm2d, ierr ) |
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241 | IF ( ABS( reduce(1) ) > u_max ) u_max = reduce(1) |
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242 | IF ( ABS( reduce(2) ) > v_max ) v_max = reduce(2) |
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243 | IF ( ABS( reduce(3) ) > w_max ) w_max = reduce(3) |
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244 | #else |
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245 | IF ( ABS( u_min_l ) > u_max_l ) THEN |
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246 | u_max = u_min_l |
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247 | ELSE |
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248 | u_max = u_max_l |
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249 | ENDIF |
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250 | IF ( ABS( v_min_l ) > v_max_l ) THEN |
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251 | v_max = v_min_l |
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252 | ELSE |
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253 | v_max = v_max_l |
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254 | ENDIF |
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255 | IF ( ABS( w_min_l ) > w_max_l ) THEN |
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256 | w_max = w_min_l |
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257 | ELSE |
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258 | w_max = w_max_l |
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259 | ENDIF |
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260 | #endif |
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261 | ENDIF |
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262 | #else |
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263 | CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nysg, nyng, nxlg, nxrg, u, 'abs', 0.0_wp, & |
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264 | u_max, u_max_ijk ) |
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265 | CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nysg, nyng, nxlg, nxrg, v, 'abs', 0.0_wp, & |
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266 | v_max, v_max_ijk ) |
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267 | CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nysg, nyng, nxlg, nxrg, w, 'abs', 0.0_wp, & |
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268 | w_max, w_max_ijk ) |
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269 | #endif |
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270 | |
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271 | IF ( .NOT. dt_fixed ) THEN |
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272 | #if defined( __openacc ) |
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273 | ! |
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274 | !-- Variable time step: |
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275 | !-- Calculate the maximum time step according to the CFL-criterion, |
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276 | !-- individually for each velocity component |
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277 | dt_u_l = 999999.9_wp |
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278 | dt_v_l = 999999.9_wp |
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279 | dt_w_l = 999999.9_wp |
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280 | u_max_l = -999999.9_wp |
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281 | u_min_l = 999999.9_wp |
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282 | v_max_l = -999999.9_wp |
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283 | v_min_l = 999999.9_wp |
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284 | w_max_l = -999999.9_wp |
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285 | w_min_l = 999999.9_wp |
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286 | !$acc parallel loop collapse(3) present( u, v, w ) |
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287 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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288 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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289 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
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290 | dt_u_l = MIN( dt_u_l, ( dx / ( ABS( u(k,j,i) - u_gtrans ) + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) |
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291 | dt_v_l = MIN( dt_v_l, ( dy / ( ABS( v(k,j,i) - v_gtrans ) + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) |
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292 | dt_w_l = MIN( dt_w_l, ( dzu(k) / ( ABS( w(k,j,i) ) + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) |
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293 | u_max_l = MAX( u_max_l, u(k,j,i) ) |
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294 | u_min_l = MIN( u_min_l, u(k,j,i) ) |
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295 | v_max_l = MAX( v_max_l, v(k,j,i) ) |
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296 | v_min_l = MIN( v_min_l, v(k,j,i) ) |
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297 | w_max_l = MAX( w_max_l, w(k,j,i) ) |
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298 | w_min_l = MIN( w_min_l, w(k,j,i) ) |
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299 | ENDDO |
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300 | ENDDO |
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301 | ENDDO |
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302 | !$acc end parallel |
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303 | |
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304 | #if defined( __parallel ) |
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305 | reduce_l(1) = dt_u_l |
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306 | reduce_l(2) = dt_v_l |
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307 | reduce_l(3) = dt_w_l |
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308 | IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) |
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309 | CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( reduce_l, reduce, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_MIN, comm2d, ierr ) |
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310 | dt_u = reduce(1) |
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311 | dt_v = reduce(2) |
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312 | dt_w = reduce(3) |
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313 | |
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314 | reduce_l(1) = u_max_l |
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315 | reduce_l(2) = v_max_l |
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316 | reduce_l(3) = w_max_l |
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317 | IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) |
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318 | CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( reduce_l, reduce, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr ) |
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319 | u_max = reduce(1) |
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320 | v_max = reduce(2) |
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321 | w_max = reduce(3) |
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322 | reduce_l(1) = u_min_l |
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323 | reduce_l(2) = v_min_l |
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324 | reduce_l(3) = w_min_l |
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325 | IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) |
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326 | CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( reduce_l, reduce, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_MIN, comm2d, ierr ) |
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327 | IF ( ABS( reduce(1) ) > u_max ) u_max = reduce(1) |
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328 | IF ( ABS( reduce(2) ) > v_max ) v_max = reduce(2) |
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329 | IF ( ABS( reduce(3) ) > w_max ) w_max = reduce(3) |
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330 | #else |
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331 | dt_u = dt_u_l |
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332 | dt_v = dt_v_l |
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333 | dt_w = dt_w_l |
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334 | |
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335 | IF ( ABS( u_min_l ) > u_max_l ) THEN |
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336 | u_max = u_min_l |
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337 | ELSE |
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338 | u_max = u_max_l |
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339 | ENDIF |
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340 | IF ( ABS( v_min_l ) > v_max_l ) THEN |
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341 | v_max = v_min_l |
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342 | ELSE |
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343 | v_max = v_max_l |
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344 | ENDIF |
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345 | IF ( ABS( w_min_l ) > w_max_l ) THEN |
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346 | w_max = w_min_l |
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347 | ELSE |
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348 | w_max = w_max_l |
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349 | ENDIF |
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350 | #endif |
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351 | |
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352 | #else |
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353 | ! |
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354 | !-- Variable time step: |
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355 | !-- Calculate the maximum time step according to the CFL-criterion, |
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356 | !-- individually for each velocity component |
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357 | dt_u_l = 999999.9_wp |
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358 | dt_v_l = 999999.9_wp |
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359 | dt_w_l = 999999.9_wp |
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360 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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361 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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362 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
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363 | dt_u_l = MIN( dt_u_l, ( dx / ( ABS( u(k,j,i) - u_gtrans ) + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) |
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364 | dt_v_l = MIN( dt_v_l, ( dy / ( ABS( v(k,j,i) - v_gtrans ) + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) |
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365 | dt_w_l = MIN( dt_w_l, ( dzu(k) / ( ABS( w(k,j,i) ) + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) |
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366 | ENDDO |
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367 | ENDDO |
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368 | ENDDO |
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369 | |
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370 | #if defined( __parallel ) |
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371 | reduce_l(1) = dt_u_l |
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372 | reduce_l(2) = dt_v_l |
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373 | reduce_l(3) = dt_w_l |
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374 | IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) |
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375 | CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( reduce_l, reduce, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_MIN, comm2d, ierr ) |
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376 | dt_u = reduce(1) |
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377 | dt_v = reduce(2) |
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378 | dt_w = reduce(3) |
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379 | #else |
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380 | dt_u = dt_u_l |
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381 | dt_v = dt_v_l |
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382 | dt_w = dt_w_l |
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383 | #endif |
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384 | |
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385 | #endif |
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386 | |
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387 | ! |
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388 | !-- Compute time step according to the diffusion criterion. |
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389 | !-- First calculate minimum grid spacing which only depends on index k |
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390 | !-- Note: also at k=nzb+1 a full grid length is being assumed, although |
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391 | !-- in the Prandtl-layer friction term only dz/2 is used. |
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392 | !-- Experience from the old model seems to justify this. |
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393 | dt_diff_l = 999999.0_wp |
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394 | |
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395 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
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396 | dxyz2_min(k) = MIN( dx2, dy2, dzw(k)*dzw(k) ) * 0.125_wp |
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397 | ENDDO |
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398 | |
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399 | !$OMP PARALLEL private(i,j,k,value) reduction(MIN: dt_diff_l) |
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400 | !$OMP DO |
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401 | !$acc parallel loop collapse(3) present( kh, km ) |
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402 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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403 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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404 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
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405 | dt_diff_l = MIN( dt_diff_l, dxyz2_min(k) / & |
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406 | ( MAX( kh(k,j,i), km(k,j,i) ) + 1E-20_wp ) ) |
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407 | ENDDO |
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408 | ENDDO |
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409 | ENDDO |
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410 | !$acc end parallel |
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411 | !$OMP END PARALLEL |
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412 | #if defined( __parallel ) |
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413 | IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) |
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414 | CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( dt_diff_l, dt_diff, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MIN, comm2d, & |
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415 | ierr ) |
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416 | #else |
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417 | dt_diff = dt_diff_l |
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418 | #endif |
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419 | |
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420 | ! |
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421 | !-- The time step is the minimum of the 3-4 components and the diffusion time |
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422 | !-- step minus a reduction (cfl_factor) to be on the safe side. |
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423 | !-- The time step must not exceed the maximum allowed value. |
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424 | dt_3d = cfl_factor * MIN( dt_diff, dt_u, dt_v, dt_w, & |
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425 | dt_precipitation ) |
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426 | dt_3d = MIN( dt_3d, dt_max ) |
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427 | |
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428 | ! |
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429 | !-- Remember the restricting time step criterion for later output. |
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430 | IF ( MIN( dt_u, dt_v, dt_w ) < dt_diff ) THEN |
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431 | timestep_reason = 'A' |
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432 | ELSE |
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433 | timestep_reason = 'D' |
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434 | ENDIF |
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435 | |
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436 | ! |
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437 | !-- Set flag if the time step becomes too small. |
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438 | IF ( dt_3d < ( 0.00001_wp * dt_max ) ) THEN |
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439 | stop_dt = .TRUE. |
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440 | |
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441 | WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Time step has reached minimum limit.', & |
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442 | '&dt = ', dt_3d, ' s Simulation is terminated.', & |
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443 | '&old_dt = ', old_dt, ' s', & |
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444 | '&dt_u = ', dt_u, ' s', & |
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445 | '&dt_v = ', dt_v, ' s', & |
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446 | '&dt_w = ', dt_w, ' s', & |
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447 | '&dt_diff = ', dt_diff, ' s', & |
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448 | '&u_max = ', u_max, ' m/s k=', u_max_ijk(1), & |
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449 | ' j=', u_max_ijk(2), ' i=', u_max_ijk(3), & |
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450 | '&v_max = ', v_max, ' m/s k=', v_max_ijk(1), & |
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451 | ' j=', v_max_ijk(2), ' i=', v_max_ijk(3), & |
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452 | '&w_max = ', w_max, ' m/s k=', w_max_ijk(1), & |
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453 | ' j=', w_max_ijk(2), ' i=', w_max_ijk(3) |
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454 | CALL message( 'timestep', 'PA0312', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 ) |
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455 | ! |
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456 | !-- In case of coupled runs inform the remote model of the termination |
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457 | !-- and its reason, provided the remote model has not already been |
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458 | !-- informed of another termination reason (terminate_coupled > 0) before. |
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459 | #if defined( __parallel ) |
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460 | IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 ) THEN |
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461 | terminate_coupled = 2 |
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462 | IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN |
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463 | CALL MPI_SENDRECV( & |
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464 | terminate_coupled, 1, MPI_INTEGER, target_id, 0, & |
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465 | terminate_coupled_remote, 1, MPI_INTEGER, target_id, 0, & |
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466 | comm_inter, status, ierr ) |
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467 | ENDIF |
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468 | CALL MPI_BCAST( terminate_coupled_remote, 1, MPI_INTEGER, 0, comm2d, ierr) |
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469 | ENDIF |
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470 | #endif |
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471 | ENDIF |
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472 | |
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473 | ! |
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474 | !-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of the timestep. |
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475 | div = 1000.0_wp |
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476 | DO WHILE ( dt_3d < div ) |
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477 | div = div / 10.0_wp |
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478 | ENDDO |
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479 | dt_3d = NINT( dt_3d * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp |
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480 | |
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481 | ! |
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482 | !-- Adjust the time step |
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483 | old_dt = dt_3d |
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484 | |
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485 | ENDIF |
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486 | |
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487 | CALL cpu_log( log_point(12), 'calculate_timestep', 'stop' ) |
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488 | |
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489 | END SUBROUTINE timestep |
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