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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/time_integration.f90 @ 4760

Last change on this file since 4760 was 4732, checked in by schwenkel, 4 years ago
add use statements for openacc
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1	!> @file time_integration.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! ------------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: time_integration.f90 4732 2020-10-07 14:46:34Z schwenkel $
27	! Add use statements for OPENACC
28	!
29	! 4731 2020-10-07 13:25:11Z schwenkel
30	! Move exchange_horiz from time_integration to modules
31	!
32	! 4671 2020-09-09 20:27:58Z pavelkrc
33	! Implementation of downward facing USM and LSM surfaces
34	!
35	! 4669 2020-09-09 13:43:47Z pavelkrc
36	! - Fix missing call of radiation after spinup
37	! - Fix calculation of force_radiation_call
38	! - Fix calculation of radiation times
39	!
40	! 4668 2020-09-09 13:00:16Z pavelkrc
41	! Improve debug messages during timestepping
42	!
43	! 4581 2020-06-29 08:49:58Z suehring
44	! Omit explicit pressure forcing via geostrophic wind components in case of
45	! mesoscale nesting.
46	!
47	! 4578 2020-06-25 15:43:32Z gronemeier
48	! bugfix: removed unused variables
49	!
50	! 4573 2020-06-24 13:08:47Z oliver.maas
51	! calculate pt(0) incrementally by using dt_3d instead of calculating it absolutely
52	! by using time_since_reference_point, because time_since_reference_point is set
53	! to zero for initializing_actions = 'cyclic_fill'
54	!
55	! 4565 2020-06-15 08:30:38Z oliver.maas
56	! added new surface temperature forcing method for bc_pt_b = 'dirichlet':
57	! surface temperature pt(0) can be linearly increased by pt_surface_heating_rate (in K/h)
58	!
59	! 4564 2020-06-12 14:03:36Z raasch
60	! Vertical nesting method of Huq et al. (2019) removed
61	!
62	! 4521 2020-05-06 11:39:49Z schwenkel
63	! Rename variable
64	!
65	! 4511 2020-04-30 12:20:40Z raasch
66	! chemistry decycling replaced by explicit setting of lateral boundary conditions
67	!
68	! 4508 2020-04-24 13:32:20Z raasch
69	! salsa decycling replaced by explicit setting of lateral boundary conditions
70	!
71	! 4502 2020-04-17 16:14:16Z schwenkel
72	! Implementation of ice microphysics
73	!
74	! 4472 2020-03-24 12:21:00Z Giersch
75	! OPENACC COPYIN directive for ddx and ddy added
76	!
77	! 4466 2020-03-20 16:14:41Z suehring
78	! Add advection fluxes to ACC copyin
79	!
80	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
81	! use statement for exchange horiz added
82	!
83	! 4444 2020-03-05 15:59:50Z raasch
84	! bugfix: cpp-directives for serial mode added
85	!
86	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
87	! Added output control for wind turbine model
88	!
89	! 4403 2020-02-12 13:08:46Z banzhafs
90	! Allowing both existing and on-demand emission read modes
91	!
92	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
93	! Bugfix, hour_call_emis uninitialized at first call of time_integration
94	!
95	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
96	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
97	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
98	!
99	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
100	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
101	!
102	! 4281 2019-10-29 15:15:39Z schwenkel
103	! Moved boundary conditions to module interface
104	!
105	! 4276 2019-10-28 16:03:29Z schwenkel
106	! Further modularization of lpm code components
107	!
108	! 4275 2019-10-28 15:34:55Z schwenkel
109	! Move call oft lpm to the end of intermediate timestep loop
110	!
111	! 4268 2019-10-17 11:29:38Z schwenkel
112	! Removing module specific boundary conditions an put them into their modules
113	!
114	! 4227 2019-09-10 18:04:34Z gronemeier
115	! implement new palm_date_time_mod
116	!
117	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
118	! Changes in interface for the offline nesting
119	!
120	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
121	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
122	!
123	! 4170 2019-08-19 17:12:31Z gronemeier
124	! copy diss, diss_p, tdiss_m to GPU
125	!
126	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
127	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
128	!
129	! 4126 2019-07-30 11:09:11Z gronemeier
130	! renamed routine to calculate uv exposure
131	!
132	! 4111 2019-07-22 18:16:57Z suehring
133	! advc_flags_1 / advc_flags_2 renamed to advc_flags_m / advc_flags_s
134	!
135	! 4069 2019-07-01 14:05:51Z Giersch
136	! Masked output running index mid has been introduced as a local variable to
137	! avoid runtime error (Loop variable has been modified) in time_integration
138	!
139	! 4064 2019-07-01 05:33:33Z gronemeier
140	! Moved call to radiation module out of intermediate time loop
141	!
142	! 4048 2019-06-21 21:00:21Z knoop
143	! Moved production_e_init call into turbulence_closure_mod
144	!
145	! 4047 2019-06-21 18:58:09Z knoop
146	! Added remainings of swap_timelevel upon its dissolution
147	!
148	! 4043 2019-06-18 16:59:00Z schwenkel
149	! Further LPM modularization
150	!
151	! 4039 2019-06-18 10:32:41Z suehring
152	! Rename subroutines in module for diagnostic quantities
153	!
154	! 4029 2019-06-14 14:04:35Z raasch
155	! exchange of ghost points and boundary conditions separated for chemical species and SALSA module,
156	! bugfix: decycling of chemistry species after nesting data transfer
157	!
158	! 4022 2019-06-12 11:52:39Z suehring
159	! Call synthetic turbulence generator at last RK3 substep right after boundary
160	! conditions are updated in offline nesting in order to assure that
161	! perturbations are always imposed
162	!
163	! 4017 2019-06-06 12:16:46Z schwenkel
164	! Mass (volume) flux correction included to ensure global mass conservation for child domains.
165	!
166	! 3994 2019-05-22 18:08:09Z suehring
167	! output of turbulence intensity added
168	!
169	! 3988 2019-05-22 11:32:37Z kanani
170	! Implement steerable output interval for virtual measurements
171	!
172	! 3968 2019-05-13 11:04:01Z suehring
173	! replace nspec_out with n_matched_vars
174	!
175	! 3929 2019-04-24 12:52:08Z banzhafs
176	! Reverse changes back from revision 3878: use chem_boundary_conds instead of
177	! chem_boundary_conds_decycle
178	!
179	!
180	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
181	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
182	! of additional debug messages
183	!
184	! 3879 2019-04-08 20:25:23Z knoop
185	! Moved wtm_forces to module_interface_actions
186	!
187	! 3872 2019-04-08 15:03:06Z knoop
188	! Modifications made for salsa:
189	! - Call salsa_emission_update at each time step but do the checks within
190	! salsa_emission_update (i.e. skip_time_do_salsa >= time_since_reference_point
191	! and next_aero_emission_update <= time_since_reference_point ).
192	! - Renamed nbins --> nbins_aerosol, ncc_tot --> ncomponents_mass and
193	! ngast --> ngases_salsa and loop indices b, c and sg to ib, ic and ig
194	! - Apply nesting for salsa variables
195	! - Removed cpu_log calls speciffic for salsa.
196	!
197	! 3833 2019-03-28 15:04:04Z forkel
198	! added USE chem_gasphase_mod, replaced nspec by nspec since fixed compounds are not integrated
199	!
200	! 3820 2019-03-27 11:53:41Z forkel
201	! renamed do_emiss to emissions_anthropogenic (ecc)
202	!
203	!
204	! 3774 2019-03-04 10:52:49Z moh.hefny
205	! rephrase if statement to avoid unallocated array in case of
206	! nesting_offline is false (crashing during debug mode)
207	!
208	! 3761 2019-02-25 15:31:42Z raasch $
209	! module section re-formatted and openacc required variables moved to separate section,
210	! re-formatting to 100 char line width
211	!
212	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
213	! Call indoor model after first timestep
214	!
215	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
216	! - Moved call of bio_calculate_thermal_index_maps from biometeorology module to
217	! time_integration to make sure averaged input is updated before calculating.
218	!
219	! 3739 2019-02-13 08:05:17Z dom_dwd_user
220	! Removed everything related to "time_bio_results" as this is never used.
221	!
222	! 3724 2019-02-06 16:28:23Z kanani
223	! Correct double-used log_point_s unit
224	!
225	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
226	! - removed wind_turbine cpu measurement, since same time is measured inside
227	! wtm_forces subroutine as special measures
228	! - moved the numerous vnest cpulog to special measures
229	! - extended radiation cpulog over entire radiation part,
230	! moved radiation_interactions cpulog to special measures
231	! - moved some cpu_log calls to this routine for better overview
232	!
233	! 3705 2019-01-29 19:56:39Z suehring
234	! Data output for virtual measurements added
235	!
236	! 3704 2019-01-29 19:51:41Z suehring
237	! Rename subroutines for surface-data output
238	!
239	! 3647 2019-01-02 14:10:44Z kanani
240	! Bugfix: add time_since_reference_point to IF clause for data_output calls
241	! (otherwise skip_time_* values don't come into affect with dt_do* = 0.0).
242	! Clean up indoor_model and biometeorology model call.
243	!
244	! Revision 1.1 1997/08/11 06:19:04 raasch
245	! Initial revision
246	!
247	!
248	! Description:
249	! ------------
250	!> Integration in time of the model equations, statistical analysis and graphic
251	!> output
252	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
253	SUBROUTINE time_integration
254
255
256	USE advec_ws, &
257	ONLY: ws_statistics
258
259	USE arrays_3d, &
260	ONLY: dzu, prho, pt, pt_init, q, &
261	q_init, ref_state, rho_ocean, tend, u, v, vpt
262
263	USE biometeorology_mod, &
264	ONLY: bio_calculate_thermal_index_maps, thermal_comfort, bio_calculate_uv_exposure, &
265	uv_exposure
266
267	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
268	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, calc_liquid_water_content
269
270	USE calc_mean_profile_mod, &
271	ONLY: calc_mean_profile
272
273	USE chem_emissions_mod, &
274	ONLY: chem_emissions_setup, chem_emissions_update_on_demand
275
276	USE chem_gasphase_mod, &
277	ONLY: nvar
278
279	USE chem_modules, &
280	ONLY: bc_cs_t_val, chem_species, emissions_anthropogenic, &
281	emiss_read_legacy_mode, n_matched_vars
282
283	USE control_parameters, &
284	ONLY: advected_distance_x, advected_distance_y, air_chemistry, average_count_3d, &
285	averaging_interval, averaging_interval_pr, bc_lr_cyc, bc_ns_cyc, bc_pt_t_val, &
286	bc_q_t_val, biometeorology, call_psolver_at_all_substeps, child_domain, &
287	constant_flux_layer, constant_heatflux, create_disturbances, &
288	dopr_n, constant_diffusion, coupling_mode, coupling_start_time, &
289	current_timestep_number, debug_output_timestep, debug_string, &
290	disturbance_created, disturbance_energy_limit, dist_range, &
291	do_sum, dt_3d, dt_averaging_input, dt_averaging_input_pr, dt_coupling, &
292	dt_data_output_av, dt_disturb, dt_do2d_xy, dt_do2d_xz, dt_do2d_yz, dt_do3d, &
293	dt_domask,dt_dopts, dt_dopr, dt_dopr_listing, dt_dots, dt_run_control, &
294	end_time, first_call_lpm, first_call_mas, galilei_transformation, humidity, &
295	indoor_model, intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
296	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, loop_optimization, lsf_surf, lsf_vert, masks, &
297	multi_agent_system_end, multi_agent_system_start, nesting_offline, neutral, &
298	nr_timesteps_this_run, nudging, ocean_mode, pt_reference, &
299	pt_slope_offset, pt_surface_heating_rate, &
300	random_heatflux, run_coupled, salsa, &
301	simulated_time, simulated_time_chr, skip_time_do2d_xy, skip_time_do2d_xz, &
302	skip_time_do2d_yz, skip_time_do3d, skip_time_domask, skip_time_dopr, &
303	skip_time_data_output_av, sloping_surface, stop_dt, surface_output, &
304	terminate_coupled, terminate_run, timestep_scheme, time_coupling, time_do2d_xy, &
305	time_do2d_xz, time_do2d_yz, time_do3d, time_domask, time_dopr, time_dopr_av, &
306	time_dopr_listing, time_dopts, time_dosp, time_dosp_av, time_dots, time_do_av, &
307	time_do_sla, time_disturb, time_run_control, time_since_reference_point, &
308	timestep_count, turbulent_inflow, turbulent_outflow, urban_surface, &
309	use_initial_profile_as_reference, use_single_reference_value, u_gtrans, v_gtrans, &
310	virtual_flight, virtual_measurement, ws_scheme_mom, ws_scheme_sca
311
312	USE cpulog, &
313	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point, log_point_s
314
315	USE diagnostic_output_quantities_mod, &
316	ONLY: doq_calculate, &
317	timestep_number_at_prev_calc
318
319	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
320	ONLY: exchange_horiz
321
322	USE flight_mod, &
323	ONLY: flight_measurement
324
325	USE grid_variables, &
326	ONLY: ddx, ddy
327
328	USE indices, &
329	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nzb, nzt
330
331	USE indoor_model_mod, &
332	ONLY: dt_indoor, im_main_heatcool, time_indoor
333
334	USE interfaces
335
336	USE kinds
337
338	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
339	ONLY: lsm_boundary_condition, lsm_energy_balance, skip_time_do_lsm
340
341	USE lagrangian_particle_model_mod, &
342	ONLY: lpm_data_output_ptseries
343
344	USE lsf_nudging_mod, &
345	ONLY: calc_tnudge, ls_forcing_surf, ls_forcing_vert, nudge_ref
346
347	USE module_interface, &
348	ONLY: module_interface_actions, module_interface_swap_timelevel, &
349	module_interface_boundary_conditions, module_interface_exchange_horiz
350
351	USE multi_agent_system_mod, &
352	ONLY: agents_active, multi_agent_system
353
354	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
355	ONLY: nesting_offl_bc, &
356	nesting_offl_input, &
357	nesting_offl_interpolation_factor, &
358	nesting_offl_mass_conservation
359
360	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
361	ONLY: chem_emis, chem_emis_att
362
363	USE ocean_mod, &
364	ONLY: prho_reference
365
366	USE palm_date_time_mod, &
367	ONLY: get_date_time
368
369	USE particle_attributes, &
370	ONLY: particle_advection, particle_advection_start
371
372	USE pegrid
373
374	#if defined( __parallel )
375	USE pmc_interface, &
376	ONLY: nested_run, nesting_mode, pmci_boundary_conds, pmci_datatrans, pmci_synchronize, &
377	pmci_ensure_nest_mass_conservation, pmci_ensure_nest_mass_conservation_vertical, &
378	pmci_set_swaplevel
379	#endif
380
381	USE progress_bar, &
382	ONLY: finish_progress_bar, output_progress_bar
383
384	USE prognostic_equations_mod, &
385	ONLY: prognostic_equations_cache, prognostic_equations_vector
386
387	USE radiation_model_mod, &
388	ONLY: dt_radiation, force_radiation_call, radiation, radiation_control, &
389	radiation_interaction, radiation_interactions, skip_time_do_radiation, time_radiation
390
391	USE salsa_mod, &
392	ONLY: aerosol_number, aerosol_mass, bc_am_t_val, bc_an_t_val, bc_gt_t_val, &
393	nbins_aerosol, ncomponents_mass, ngases_salsa, &
394	salsa_boundary_conditions, salsa_emission_update, salsa_gas, salsa_gases_from_chem, &
395	skip_time_do_salsa
396
397	USE spectra_mod, &
398	ONLY: average_count_sp, averaging_interval_sp, calc_spectra, dt_dosp, skip_time_dosp
399
400	USE statistics, &
401	ONLY: flow_statistics_called, hom, pr_palm, sums_ls_l
402
403
404	USE surface_layer_fluxes_mod, &
405	ONLY: surface_layer_fluxes
406
407	USE surface_data_output_mod, &
408	ONLY: average_count_surf, averaging_interval_surf, dt_dosurf, dt_dosurf_av, &
409	surface_data_output, surface_data_output_averaging, skip_time_dosurf, &
410	skip_time_dosurf_av, time_dosurf, time_dosurf_av
411
412	USE surface_mod, &
413	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
414
415	USE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod, &
416	ONLY: dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, stg_adjust, stg_main, &
417	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
418
419	USE turbulence_closure_mod, &
420	ONLY: tcm_diffusivities
421
422	USE urban_surface_mod, &
423	ONLY: usm_boundary_condition, &
424	usm_energy_balance
425
426	USE virtual_measurement_mod, &
427	ONLY: dt_virtual_measurement, &
428	time_virtual_measurement, &
429	vm_data_output, &
430	vm_sampling, &
431	vm_time_start
432
433
434	USE wind_turbine_model_mod, &
435	ONLY: dt_data_output_wtm, time_wtm, wind_turbine, wtm_data_output
436
437	#if defined( _OPENACC )
438	USE arrays_3d, &
439	ONLY: d, dd2zu, ddzu, ddzw, &
440	diss, &
441	diss_p, &
442	diss_l_u, &
443	diss_l_v, &
444	diss_l_w, &
445	diss_s_u, &
446	diss_s_v, &
447	diss_s_w, &
448	drho_air, drho_air_zw, dzw, e, &
449	flux_l_u, &
450	flux_l_v, &
451	flux_l_w, &
452	flux_s_u, &
453	flux_s_v, &
454	flux_s_w, &
455	heatflux_output_conversion, &
456	e_p, &
457	pt_p, &
458	u_p, &
459	v_p, &
460	w_p, &
461	kh, km, momentumflux_output_conversion, nc, ni, nr, p, ptdf_x, ptdf_y, qc, qi, qr, rdf, &
462	rdf_sc, rho_air, rho_air_zw, s, tdiss_m, te_m, tpt_m, tu_m, tv_m, tw_m, ug, u_init, &
463	u_stokes_zu, vg, v_init, v_stokes_zu, w, zu
464
465	USE control_parameters, &
466	ONLY: tsc
467
468	USE indices, &
469	ONLY: advc_flags_m, advc_flags_s, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, nzb_max, wall_flags_total_0
470
471	USE statistics, &
472	ONLY: rmask, statistic_regions, sums_l, sums_l_l, sums_us2_ws_l, &
473	sums_wsus_ws_l, sums_vs2_ws_l, sums_wsvs_ws_l, sums_ws2_ws_l, sums_wspts_ws_l, &
474	sums_wsqs_ws_l, sums_wssas_ws_l, sums_wsqcs_ws_l, sums_wsqrs_ws_l, sums_wsncs_ws_l, &
475	sums_wsnrs_ws_l, sums_wsss_ws_l, weight_substep, sums_salsa_ws_l, sums_wsqis_ws_l, &
476	sums_wsnis_ws_l
477
478	USE surface_mod, &
479	ONLY: bc_h, enter_surface_arrays, exit_surface_arrays
480	#endif
481
482
483	IMPLICIT NONE
484
485	CHARACTER (LEN=9) :: time_to_string !<
486
487	INTEGER(iwp) :: hour !< hour of current time
488	INTEGER(iwp) :: hour_call_emis = -1 !< last hour where emission was called
489	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< index for aerosol size bins
490	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !< index for aerosol mass bins
491	INTEGER(iwp) :: icc !< additional index for aerosol mass bins
492	INTEGER(iwp) :: ig !< index for salsa gases
493	INTEGER(iwp) :: mid !< masked output running index
494	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop counter for chemistry species
495
496	REAL(wp) :: dt_3d_old !< temporary storage of timestep to be used for
497	!< steering of run control output interval
498	REAL(wp) :: time_since_reference_point_save !< original value of
499	!< time_since_reference_point
500
501
502	!
503	!-- Copy data from arrays_3d
504	!$ACC DATA &
505	!$ACC COPY(d(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr)) &
506	!$ACC COPY(diss(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
507	!$ACC COPY(e(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
508	!$ACC COPY(u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
509	!$ACC COPY(v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
510	!$ACC COPY(w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
511	!$ACC COPY(kh(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
512	!$ACC COPY(km(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
513	!$ACC COPY(p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
514	!$ACC COPY(pt(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg))
515
516	!$ACC DATA &
517	!$ACC COPYIN(diss_l_u(0:nz+1,nys:nyn,0), flux_l_u(0:nz+1,nys:nyn,0)) &
518	!$ACC COPYIN(diss_l_v(0:nz+1,nys:nyn,0), flux_l_v(0:nz+1,nys:nyn,0)) &
519	!$ACC COPYIN(diss_l_w(0:nz+1,nys:nyn,0), flux_l_w(0:nz+1,nys:nyn,0)) &
520	!$ACC COPYIN(diss_s_u(0:nz+1,0), flux_s_u(0:nz+1,0)) &
521	!$ACC COPYIN(diss_s_v(0:nz+1,0), flux_s_v(0:nz+1,0)) &
522	!$ACC COPYIN(diss_s_w(0:nz+1,0), flux_s_w(0:nz+1,0)) &
523	!$ACC COPY(diss_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
524	!$ACC COPY(e_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
525	!$ACC COPY(u_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
526	!$ACC COPY(v_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
527	!$ACC COPY(w_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
528	!$ACC COPY(pt_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
529	!$ACC COPY(tend(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
530	!$ACC COPY(tdiss_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
531	!$ACC COPY(te_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
532	!$ACC COPY(tu_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
533	!$ACC COPY(tv_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
534	!$ACC COPY(tw_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
535	!$ACC COPY(tpt_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg))
536
537	!$ACC DATA &
538	!$ACC COPYIN(rho_air(nzb:nzt+1), drho_air(nzb:nzt+1)) &
539	!$ACC COPYIN(rho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1), drho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1)) &
540	!$ACC COPYIN(zu(nzb:nzt+1)) &
541	!$ACC COPYIN(dzu(1:nzt+1), dzw(1:nzt+1)) &
542	!$ACC COPYIN(ddzu(1:nzt+1), dd2zu(1:nzt)) &
543	!$ACC COPYIN(ddzw(1:nzt+1)) &
544	!$ACC COPYIN(heatflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1)) &
545	!$ACC COPYIN(momentumflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1)) &
546	!$ACC COPYIN(rdf(nzb+1:nzt), rdf_sc(nzb+1:nzt)) &
547	!$ACC COPYIN(ptdf_x(nxlg:nxrg), ptdf_y(nysg:nyng)) &
548	!$ACC COPYIN(ref_state(0:nz+1)) &
549	!$ACC COPYIN(u_init(0:nz+1), v_init(0:nz+1)) &
550	!$ACC COPYIN(u_stokes_zu(nzb:nzt+1), v_stokes_zu(nzb:nzt+1)) &
551	!$ACC COPYIN(pt_init(0:nz+1)) &
552	!$ACC COPYIN(ug(0:nz+1), vg(0:nz+1))
553
554	!
555	!-- Copy data from control_parameters
556	!$ACC DATA &
557	!$ACC COPYIN(tsc(1:5))
558
559	!
560	!-- Copy data from grid_variables
561	!$ACC DATA &
562	!$ACC COPYIN(ddx, ddy)
563
564	!
565	!-- Copy data from indices
566	!$ACC DATA &
567	!$ACC COPYIN(advc_flags_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
568	!$ACC COPYIN(advc_flags_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
569	!$ACC COPYIN(wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg))
570
571	!
572	!-- Copy data from surface_mod
573	!$ACC DATA &
574	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(0:1)) &
575	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(0)%i(1:bc_h(0)%ns)) &
576	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(0)%j(1:bc_h(0)%ns)) &
577	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(0)%k(1:bc_h(0)%ns)) &
578	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(1)%i(1:bc_h(1)%ns)) &
579	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(1)%j(1:bc_h(1)%ns)) &
580	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(1)%k(1:bc_h(1)%ns))
581
582	!
583	!-- Copy data from statistics
584	!$ACC DATA &
585	!$ACC COPYIN(hom(0:nz+1,1:2,1:4,0)) &
586	!$ACC COPYIN(rmask(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,0:statistic_regions)) &
587	!$ACC COPYIN(weight_substep(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max)) &
588	!$ACC COPY(sums_l(nzb:nzt+1,1:pr_palm,0)) &
589	!$ACC COPY(sums_l_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions,0)) &
590	!$ACC COPY(sums_us2_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
591	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsus_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
592	!$ACC COPY(sums_vs2_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
593	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsvs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
594	!$ACC COPY(sums_ws2_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
595	!$ACC COPY(sums_wspts_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
596	!$ACC COPY(sums_wssas_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
597	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsqs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
598	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsqcs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
599	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsqis_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
600	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsqrs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
601	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsncs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
602	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsnis_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
603	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsnrs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
604	!$ACC COPY(sums_wsss_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
605	!$ACC COPY(sums_salsa_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0))
606
607	!
608	!-- Next statement is to avoid compiler warnings about unused variables. Please
609	!-- remove in case that you are using them. ddx and ddy need to be defined in
610	!-- time_integration because of ACC COPYIN directive.
611	ddx = ddx
612	ddy = ddy
613
614	#if defined( _OPENACC )
615	CALL enter_surface_arrays
616	#endif
617
618	!
619	!-- At beginning determine the first time step
620	CALL timestep
621
622	#if defined( __parallel )
623	!
624	!-- Synchronize the timestep in case of nested run.
625	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
626	!
627	!-- Synchronization by unifying the time step.
628	!-- Global minimum of all time-steps is used for all.
629	CALL pmci_synchronize
630	ENDIF
631	#endif
632
633	!
634	!-- Determine and print out the run control quantities before the first time
635	!-- step of this run. For the initial run, some statistics (e.g. divergence)
636	!-- need to be determined first --> CALL flow_statistics at the beginning of
637	!-- run_control
638	CALL run_control
639	!
640	!-- Data exchange between coupled models in case that a call has been omitted
641	!-- at the end of the previous run of a job chain.
642	IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. run_coupled ) THEN
643	!
644	!-- In case of model termination initiated by the local model the coupler
645	!-- must not be called because this would again cause an MPI hang.
646	DO WHILE ( time_coupling >= dt_coupling .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 )
647	CALL surface_coupler
648	time_coupling = time_coupling - dt_coupling
649	ENDDO
650	IF (time_coupling == 0.0_wp .AND. time_since_reference_point < dt_coupling ) THEN
651	time_coupling = time_since_reference_point
652	ENDIF
653	ENDIF
654
655	CALL location_message( 'atmosphere (and/or ocean) time-stepping', 'start' )
656
657	!
658	!-- Start of the time loop
659	DO WHILE ( simulated_time < end_time .AND. .NOT. stop_dt .AND. .NOT. terminate_run )
660
661	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(10), 'timesteps', 'start' )
662
663	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) THEN
664	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'time_integration', simulated_time
665	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
666	ENDIF
667
668	!
669	!-- Determine ug, vg and w_subs in dependence on data from external file
670	!-- LSF_DATA
671	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_vert ) THEN
672	CALL ls_forcing_vert ( simulated_time )
673	sums_ls_l = 0.0_wp
674	ENDIF
675
676	!
677	!-- Set pt_init and q_init to the current profiles taken from
678	!-- NUDGING_DATA
679	IF ( nudging ) THEN
680	CALL nudge_ref ( simulated_time )
681	!
682	!-- Store temperature gradient at the top boundary for possible Neumann
683	!-- boundary condition
684	bc_pt_t_val = ( pt_init(nzt+1) - pt_init(nzt) ) / dzu(nzt+1)
685	bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(nzt+1) - q_init(nzt) ) / dzu(nzt+1)
686	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
687	DO n = 1, nvar
688	bc_cs_t_val = ( chem_species(n)%conc_pr_init(nzt+1) &
689	- chem_species(n)%conc_pr_init(nzt) ) &
690	/ dzu(nzt+1)
691	ENDDO
692	ENDIF
693	IF ( salsa .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do_salsa ) THEN
694	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
695	bc_an_t_val = ( aerosol_number(ib)%init(nzt+1) - aerosol_number(ib)%init(nzt) ) / &
696	dzu(nzt+1)
697	DO ic = 1, ncomponents_mass
698	icc = ( ic - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + ib
699	bc_am_t_val = ( aerosol_mass(icc)%init(nzt+1) - aerosol_mass(icc)%init(nzt) ) /&
700	dzu(nzt+1)
701	ENDDO
702	ENDDO
703	IF ( .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
704	DO ig = 1, ngases_salsa
705	bc_gt_t_val = ( salsa_gas(ig)%init(nzt+1) - salsa_gas(ig)%init(nzt) ) / &
706	dzu(nzt+1)
707	ENDDO
708	ENDIF
709	ENDIF
710	ENDIF
711	!
712	!-- Input of boundary data.
713	IF ( nesting_offline ) CALL nesting_offl_input
714	!
715	!-- Execute all other module actions routines
716	CALL module_interface_actions( 'before_timestep' )
717
718	!
719	!-- Start of intermediate step loop
720	intermediate_timestep_count = 0
721	DO WHILE ( intermediate_timestep_count < intermediate_timestep_count_max )
722
723	intermediate_timestep_count = intermediate_timestep_count + 1
724
725	!
726	!-- Set the steering factors for the prognostic equations which depend
727	!-- on the timestep scheme
728	CALL timestep_scheme_steering
729
730	!
731	!-- Calculate those variables needed in the tendency terms which need
732	!-- global communication
733	IF ( .NOT. use_single_reference_value .AND. .NOT. use_initial_profile_as_reference ) &
734	THEN
735	!
736	!-- Horizontally averaged profiles to be used as reference state in
737	!-- buoyancy terms (WARNING: only the respective last call of
738	!-- calc_mean_profile defines the reference state!)
739	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
740	CALL calc_mean_profile( pt, 4 )
741	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,4,0) ! this is used in the buoyancy term
742	ENDIF
743	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
744	CALL calc_mean_profile( rho_ocean, 64 )
745	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,64,0)
746	ENDIF
747	IF ( humidity ) THEN
748	CALL calc_mean_profile( vpt, 44 )
749	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,44,0)
750	ENDIF
751	!
752	!-- Assure that ref_state does not become zero at any level
753	!-- ( might be the case if a vertical level is completely occupied
754	!-- with topography ).
755	ref_state = MERGE( MAXVAL(ref_state), ref_state, ref_state == 0.0_wp )
756	ENDIF
757
758	IF ( ( ws_scheme_mom .OR. ws_scheme_sca ) .AND. intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) &
759	THEN
760	CALL ws_statistics
761	ENDIF
762	!
763	!-- In case of nudging calculate current nudging time scale and horizontal
764	!-- means of u, v, pt and q
765	IF ( nudging ) THEN
766	CALL calc_tnudge( simulated_time )
767	CALL calc_mean_profile( u, 1 )
768	CALL calc_mean_profile( v, 2 )
769	CALL calc_mean_profile( pt, 4 )
770	CALL calc_mean_profile( q, 41 )
771	ENDIF
772	!
773	!-- Execute all other module actions routines
774	CALL module_interface_actions( 'before_prognostic_equations' )
775	!
776	!-- Solve the prognostic equations. A fast cache optimized version with
777	!-- only one single loop is used in case of Piascek-Williams advection
778	!-- scheme. NEC vector machines use a different version, because
779	!-- in the other versions a good vectorization is prohibited due to
780	!-- inlining problems.
781	IF ( loop_optimization == 'cache' ) THEN
782	CALL prognostic_equations_cache
783	ELSEIF ( loop_optimization == 'vector' ) THEN
784	CALL prognostic_equations_vector
785	ENDIF
786
787	!
788	!-- Movement of agents in multi agent system
789	IF ( agents_active .AND. time_since_reference_point >= multi_agent_system_start .AND. &
790	time_since_reference_point <= multi_agent_system_end .AND. &
791	intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) &
792	THEN
793	CALL multi_agent_system
794	first_call_mas = .FALSE.
795	ENDIF
796
797	!
798	!-- Exchange of ghost points (lateral boundary conditions)
799	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'start' )
800
801	CALL module_interface_exchange_horiz( 'after_prognostic_equation' )
802
803	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'stop' )
804
805	!
806	!-- Boundary conditions for the prognostic quantities (except of the
807	!-- velocities at the outflow in case of a non-cyclic lateral wall) and
808	!-- boundary conditions for module-specific variables
809	CALL module_interface_boundary_conditions
810
811	!
812	!-- Incrementing timestep counter
813	timestep_count = timestep_count + 1
814
815	CALL cpu_log( log_point(28), 'swap_timelevel', 'start' )
816	!
817	!-- Set the swap level for all modules
818	CALL module_interface_swap_timelevel( MOD( timestep_count, 2) )
819
820	#if defined( __parallel )
821	!
822	!-- Set the swap level for steering the pmc data transfer
823	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmci_set_swaplevel( MOD( timestep_count, 2) + 1 ) !> @todo: why the +1 ?
824	#endif
825
826	CALL cpu_log( log_point(28), 'swap_timelevel', 'stop' )
827
828	#if defined( __parallel )
829	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
830
831	CALL cpu_log( log_point(60), 'nesting', 'start' )
832	!
833	!-- Domain nesting. The data transfer subroutines pmci_parent_datatrans
834	!-- and pmci_child_datatrans are called inside the wrapper
835	!-- subroutine pmci_datatrans according to the control parameters
836	!-- nesting_mode and nesting_datatransfer_mode.
837	!-- TO_DO: why is nesting_mode given as a parameter here?
838	CALL pmci_datatrans( nesting_mode )
839
840	IF ( TRIM( nesting_mode ) == 'two-way' .OR. nesting_mode == 'vertical' ) THEN
841
842	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(92), 'exchange-horiz-nest', 'start' )
843	!
844	!-- Exchange_horiz is needed for all parent-domains after the
845	!-- anterpolation
846	CALL module_interface_exchange_horiz( 'after_anterpolation' )
847
848	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(92), 'exchange-horiz-nest', 'stop' )
849
850	ENDIF
851
852	!
853	!-- Set boundary conditions again after interpolation and anterpolation.
854	CALL pmci_boundary_conds
855
856	CALL cpu_log( log_point(60), 'nesting', 'stop' )
857
858	ENDIF
859	#endif
860
861	!
862	!-- Temperature offset must be imposed at cyclic boundaries in x-direction
863	!-- when a sloping surface is used
864	IF ( sloping_surface ) THEN
865	IF ( nxl == 0 ) pt(:,:,nxlg:nxl-1) = pt(:,:,nxlg:nxl-1) - pt_slope_offset
866	IF ( nxr == nx ) pt(:,:,nxr+1:nxrg) = pt(:,:,nxr+1:nxrg) + pt_slope_offset
867	ENDIF
868
869	!
870	!-- Increase temperature pt(0) according to pt_surface_heating_rate (convert from K/h to K/s)
871	IF ( pt_surface_heating_rate /= 0.0_wp .AND. intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
872	pt(0,:,:) = pt(0,:,:) + dt_3d * pt_surface_heating_rate / 3600.0_wp
873	ENDIF
874
875	!
876	!-- Impose a turbulent inflow using the recycling method
877	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) CALL inflow_turbulence
878
879	!
880	!-- Set values at outflow boundary using the special outflow condition
881	IF ( turbulent_outflow ) CALL outflow_turbulence
882
883	!
884	!-- Impose a random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field
885	IF ( create_disturbances .AND. ( call_psolver_at_all_substeps .AND. &
886	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) &
887	.OR. ( .NOT. call_psolver_at_all_substeps .AND. intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) ) &
888	THEN
889	time_disturb = time_disturb + dt_3d
890	IF ( time_disturb >= dt_disturb ) THEN
891	IF ( disturbance_energy_limit /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
892	hom(nzb+5,1,pr_palm,0) < disturbance_energy_limit ) THEN
893	CALL disturb_field( 'u', tend, u )
894	CALL disturb_field( 'v', tend, v )
895	ELSEIF ( ( .NOT. bc_lr_cyc .OR. .NOT. bc_ns_cyc ) &
896	.AND. .NOT. child_domain .AND. .NOT. nesting_offline ) &
897	THEN
898	!
899	!-- Runs with a non-cyclic lateral wall need perturbations
900	!-- near the inflow throughout the whole simulation
901	dist_range = 1
902	CALL disturb_field( 'u', tend, u )
903	CALL disturb_field( 'v', tend, v )
904	dist_range = 0
905	ENDIF
906	time_disturb = time_disturb - dt_disturb
907	ENDIF
908	ENDIF
909
910	!
911	!-- Map forcing data derived from larger scale model onto domain
912	!-- boundaries. Further, update geostrophic wind components.
913	IF ( nesting_offline .AND. intermediate_timestep_count == &
914	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
915	!-- Determine interpolation factor before boundary conditions and geostrophic wind
916	!-- is updated.
917	CALL nesting_offl_interpolation_factor
918	CALL nesting_offl_bc
919	! CALL nesting_offl_geostrophic_wind
920	ENDIF
921	!
922	!-- Impose a turbulent inflow using synthetic generated turbulence.
923	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen .AND. &
924	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
925	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
926	CALL stg_main
927	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
928	ENDIF
929	!
930	!-- Ensure mass conservation. This need to be done after imposing
931	!-- synthetic turbulence and top boundary condition for pressure is set to
932	!-- Neumann conditions.
933	!-- Is this also required in case of Dirichlet?
934	IF ( nesting_offline ) CALL nesting_offl_mass_conservation
935	!
936	!-- Reduce the velocity divergence via the equation for perturbation
937	!-- pressure.
938	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 .OR. call_psolver_at_all_substeps ) THEN
939
940	#if defined( __parallel )
941	!
942	!-- Mass (volume) flux correction to ensure global mass conservation for child domains.
943	IF ( child_domain ) THEN
944	IF ( nesting_mode == 'vertical' ) THEN
945	CALL pmci_ensure_nest_mass_conservation_vertical
946	ELSE
947	CALL pmci_ensure_nest_mass_conservation
948	ENDIF
949	ENDIF
950	#endif
951	CALL pres
952
953	ENDIF
954	!
955	!-- Particle transport/physics with the Lagrangian particle model
956	!-- (only once during intermediate steps, because it uses an Euler-step)
957	!-- ### particle model should be moved before prognostic_equations, in order
958	!-- to regard droplet interactions directly
959
960	CALL module_interface_actions( 'after_pressure_solver' )
961	!
962	!-- Interaction of droplets with temperature and mixing ratio.
963	!-- Droplet condensation and evaporation is calculated within
964	!-- advec_particles.
965	!
966	!-- If required, compute liquid water content
967	IF ( bulk_cloud_model ) THEN
968	CALL calc_liquid_water_content
969	ENDIF
970	!
971	!-- If required, compute virtual potential temperature
972	IF ( humidity ) THEN
973	CALL compute_vpt
974	ENDIF
975
976	!
977	!-- Compute the diffusion quantities
978	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
979
980	!
981	!-- Determine surface fluxes shf and qsws and surface values
982	!-- pt_surface and q_surface in dependence on data from external
983	!-- file LSF_DATA respectively
984	IF ( ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) .AND. &
985	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) &
986	THEN
987	CALL ls_forcing_surf( simulated_time )
988	ENDIF
989
990	!
991	!-- First the vertical (and horizontal) fluxes in the surface
992	!-- (constant flux) layer are computed
993	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
994	CALL cpu_log( log_point(19), 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'start' )
995	CALL surface_layer_fluxes
996	CALL cpu_log( log_point(19), 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'stop' )
997	ENDIF
998	!
999	!-- If required, solve the energy balance for the surface and run soil
1000	!-- model. Call for horizontal as well as vertical surfaces
1001	IF ( land_surface .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do_lsm) THEN
1002
1003	CALL cpu_log( log_point(54), 'land_surface', 'start' )
1004	CALL lsm_energy_balance( .FALSE. )
1005
1006	!
1007	!-- At the end, set boundary conditons for potential temperature
1008	!-- and humidity after running the land-surface model. This
1009	!-- might be important for the nesting, where arrays are transfered.
1010	CALL lsm_boundary_condition
1011
1012
1013	CALL cpu_log( log_point(54), 'land_surface', 'stop' )
1014	ENDIF
1015	!
1016	!-- If required, solve the energy balance for urban surfaces and run
1017	!-- the material heat model
1018	IF (urban_surface) THEN
1019	CALL cpu_log( log_point(74), 'urban_surface', 'start' )
1020	CALL usm_energy_balance( .FALSE. )
1021
1022	!
1023	!-- At the end, set boundary conditons for potential temperature
1024	!-- and humidity after running the urban-surface model. This
1025	!-- might be important for the nesting, where arrays are transfered.
1026	CALL usm_boundary_condition
1027
1028	CALL cpu_log( log_point(74), 'urban_surface', 'stop' )
1029	ENDIF
1030	!
1031	!-- Compute the diffusion coefficients
1032	CALL cpu_log( log_point(17), 'diffusivities', 'start' )
1033	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1034	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
1035	CALL tcm_diffusivities( prho, prho_reference )
1036	ELSE
1037	CALL tcm_diffusivities( pt, pt_reference )
1038	ENDIF
1039	ELSE
1040	CALL tcm_diffusivities( vpt, pt_reference )
1041	ENDIF
1042	CALL cpu_log( log_point(17), 'diffusivities', 'stop' )
1043
1044	ENDIF
1045
1046	ENDDO ! Intermediate step loop
1047
1048	!
1049	!-- Will be used at some point by flow_statistics.
1050	!$ACC UPDATE &
1051	!$ACC HOST(sums_l_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions,0)) &
1052	!$ACC HOST(sums_us2_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1053	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsus_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1054	!$ACC HOST(sums_vs2_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1055	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsvs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1056	!$ACC HOST(sums_ws2_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1057	!$ACC HOST(sums_wspts_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1058	!$ACC HOST(sums_wssas_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1059	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsqs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1060	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsqcs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1061	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsqis_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1062	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsqrs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1063	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsncs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1064	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsnis_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1065	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsnrs_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1066	!$ACC HOST(sums_wsss_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0)) &
1067	!$ACC HOST(sums_salsa_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0))
1068
1069	!
1070	!-- If required, calculate radiative fluxes and heating rates
1071	IF ( radiation .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do_radiation ) THEN
1072
1073	time_radiation = time_radiation + dt_3d
1074
1075	IF ( time_radiation >= dt_radiation .OR. force_radiation_call ) THEN
1076
1077	CALL cpu_log( log_point(50), 'radiation', 'start' )
1078
1079	IF ( time_radiation >= dt_radiation ) THEN
1080	time_radiation = time_radiation - dt_radiation
1081	ENDIF
1082
1083	!
1084	!-- Adjust the current time to the time step of the radiation model.
1085	!-- Needed since radiation is pre-calculated and stored only on apparent
1086	!-- solar positions
1087	time_since_reference_point_save = time_since_reference_point
1088	time_since_reference_point = time_since_reference_point - &
1089	MODULO(time_since_reference_point, dt_radiation)
1090
1091	CALL radiation_control
1092
1093	IF ( ( urban_surface .OR. land_surface ) .AND. radiation_interactions ) THEN
1094	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(46), 'radiation_interaction', 'start' )
1095	CALL radiation_interaction
1096	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(46), 'radiation_interaction', 'stop' )
1097	ENDIF
1098
1099	!
1100	!-- Return the current time to its original value
1101	time_since_reference_point = time_since_reference_point_save
1102	!
1103	!-- Reset forcing of radiation call
1104	force_radiation_call = .FALSE.
1105
1106	CALL cpu_log( log_point(50), 'radiation', 'stop' )
1107
1108	ENDIF
1109	ENDIF
1110
1111
1112	!
1113	!-- 20200203 (ECC)
1114	!-- allows for emission update mode in legacy mode as well as on-demand mode
1115	!-- note that under on-demand mode emission update is no longer restricted to
1116	!-- an hourly frequency, but whenever the simulation time corresponds to an
1117	!-- inrement in emission timestamp value
1118
1119	!
1120	!-- If required, consider chemical emissions
1121
1122	IF ( air_chemistry .AND. emissions_anthropogenic ) THEN
1123
1124	IF ( emiss_read_legacy_mode ) THEN
1125	!
1126	!-- get hourly index and updates emission data when the hour is passed
1127
1128	CALL get_date_time( time_since_reference_point, hour=hour )
1129
1130	IF ( hour_call_emis /= hour ) THEN
1131
1132	CALL chem_emissions_setup( chem_emis_att, chem_emis, n_matched_vars )
1133	hour_call_emis = hour
1134
1135	ENDIF
1136
1137	ELSE
1138
1139	CALL chem_emissions_update_on_demand
1140
1141	ENDIF
1142
1143	ENDIF
1144
1145
1146	!
1147	!-- If required, consider aerosol emissions for the salsa model
1148	IF ( salsa ) THEN
1149	!
1150	!-- Call emission routine to update emissions if needed
1151	CALL salsa_emission_update
1152
1153	ENDIF
1154	!
1155	!-- If required, calculate indoor temperature, waste heat, heat flux
1156	!-- through wall, etc.
1157	!-- dt_indoor steers the frequency of the indoor model calculations.
1158	!-- Note, at first timestep indoor model is called, in order to provide
1159	!-- a waste heat flux.
1160	IF ( indoor_model ) THEN
1161
1162	time_indoor = time_indoor + dt_3d
1163
1164	IF ( time_indoor >= dt_indoor .OR. current_timestep_number == 0 ) THEN
1165
1166	time_indoor = time_indoor - dt_indoor
1167
1168	CALL cpu_log( log_point(76), 'indoor_model', 'start' )
1169	CALL im_main_heatcool
1170	CALL cpu_log( log_point(76), 'indoor_model', 'stop' )
1171
1172	ENDIF
1173	ENDIF
1174	!
1175	!-- Increase simulation time and output times
1176	nr_timesteps_this_run = nr_timesteps_this_run + 1
1177	current_timestep_number = current_timestep_number + 1
1178	simulated_time = simulated_time + dt_3d
1179	time_since_reference_point = simulated_time - coupling_start_time
1180	simulated_time_chr = time_to_string( time_since_reference_point )
1181
1182
1183	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_data_output_av ) THEN
1184	time_do_av = time_do_av + dt_3d
1185	ENDIF
1186	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do2d_xy ) THEN
1187	time_do2d_xy = time_do2d_xy + dt_3d
1188	ENDIF
1189	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do2d_xz ) THEN
1190	time_do2d_xz = time_do2d_xz + dt_3d
1191	ENDIF
1192	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do2d_yz ) THEN
1193	time_do2d_yz = time_do2d_yz + dt_3d
1194	ENDIF
1195	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do3d ) THEN
1196	time_do3d = time_do3d + dt_3d
1197	ENDIF
1198	DO mid = 1, masks
1199	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_domask(mid) ) THEN
1200	time_domask(mid)= time_domask(mid) + dt_3d
1201	ENDIF
1202	ENDDO
1203	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dosp ) THEN
1204	time_dosp = time_dosp + dt_3d
1205	ENDIF
1206	time_dots = time_dots + dt_3d
1207	IF ( .NOT. first_call_lpm ) THEN
1208	time_dopts = time_dopts + dt_3d
1209	ENDIF
1210	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dopr ) THEN
1211	time_dopr = time_dopr + dt_3d
1212	ENDIF
1213	time_dopr_listing = time_dopr_listing + dt_3d
1214	time_run_control = time_run_control + dt_3d
1215	!
1216	!-- Increment time-counter for surface output
1217	IF ( surface_output ) THEN
1218	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dosurf ) THEN
1219	time_dosurf = time_dosurf + dt_3d
1220	ENDIF
1221	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dosurf_av ) THEN
1222	time_dosurf_av = time_dosurf_av + dt_3d
1223	ENDIF
1224	ENDIF
1225	!
1226	!-- Increment time-counter for virtual measurements
1227	IF ( virtual_measurement .AND. vm_time_start <= time_since_reference_point ) THEN
1228	time_virtual_measurement = time_virtual_measurement + dt_3d
1229	ENDIF
1230
1231	!
1232	!-- Increment time-counter for wind turbine data output
1233	IF ( wind_turbine ) THEN
1234	time_wtm = time_wtm + dt_3d
1235	ENDIF
1236
1237	!
1238	!-- In case of synthetic turbulence generation and parametrized turbulence
1239	!-- information, update the time counter and if required, adjust the
1240	!-- STG to new atmospheric conditions.
1241	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
1242	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
1243	time_stg_adjust = time_stg_adjust + dt_3d
1244	IF ( time_stg_adjust >= dt_stg_adjust ) THEN
1245	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1246	CALL stg_adjust
1247	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1248	ENDIF
1249	ENDIF
1250	time_stg_call = time_stg_call + dt_3d
1251	ENDIF
1252
1253	!
1254	!-- Data exchange between coupled models
1255	IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. run_coupled ) THEN
1256	time_coupling = time_coupling + dt_3d
1257
1258	!
1259	!-- In case of model termination initiated by the local model
1260	!-- (terminate_coupled > 0), the coupler must be skipped because it would
1261	!-- cause an MPI intercomminucation hang.
1262	!-- If necessary, the coupler will be called at the beginning of the
1263	!-- next restart run.
1264	DO WHILE ( time_coupling >= dt_coupling .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 )
1265	CALL surface_coupler
1266	time_coupling = time_coupling - dt_coupling
1267	ENDDO
1268	ENDIF
1269
1270	!
1271	!-- Biometeorology calculation of stationary thermal indices
1272	!-- Todo (kanani): biometeorology needs own time_... treatment.
1273	!-- It might be that time_do2d_xy differs from time_do3d,
1274	!-- and then we might get trouble with the biomet output,
1275	!-- because we can have 2d and/or 3d biomet output!!
1276	IF ( biometeorology &
1277	.AND. ( ( time_do3d >= dt_do3d .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do3d ) &
1278	.OR. &
1279	( time_do2d_xy >= dt_do2d_xy .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do2d_xy ) &
1280	) ) THEN
1281	!
1282	!-- If required, do thermal comfort calculations
1283	IF ( thermal_comfort ) THEN
1284	CALL bio_calculate_thermal_index_maps ( .FALSE. )
1285	ENDIF
1286	!
1287	!-- If required, do UV exposure calculations
1288	IF ( uv_exposure ) THEN
1289	CALL bio_calculate_uv_exposure
1290	ENDIF
1291	ENDIF
1292
1293	!
1294	!-- Execute alle other module actions routunes
1295	CALL module_interface_actions( 'after_integration' )
1296
1297	!
1298	!-- If Galilei transformation is used, determine the distance that the
1299	!-- model has moved so far
1300	IF ( galilei_transformation ) THEN
1301	advected_distance_x = advected_distance_x + u_gtrans * dt_3d
1302	advected_distance_y = advected_distance_y + v_gtrans * dt_3d
1303	ENDIF
1304
1305	!
1306	!-- Check, if restart is necessary (because cpu-time is expiring or
1307	!-- because it is forced by user) and set stop flag
1308	!-- This call is skipped if the remote model has already initiated a restart.
1309	IF ( .NOT. terminate_run ) CALL check_for_restart
1310
1311	!
1312	!-- Carry out statistical analysis and output at the requested output times.
1313	!-- The MOD function is used for calculating the output time counters (like
1314	!-- time_dopr) in order to regard a possible decrease of the output time
1315	!-- interval in case of restart runs
1316
1317	!
1318	!-- Set a flag indicating that so far no statistics have been created
1319	!-- for this time step
1320	flow_statistics_called = .FALSE.
1321
1322	!
1323	!-- If required, call flow_statistics for averaging in time
1324	IF ( averaging_interval_pr /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
1325	( dt_dopr - time_dopr ) <= averaging_interval_pr .AND. &
1326	time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dopr ) THEN
1327	time_dopr_av = time_dopr_av + dt_3d
1328	IF ( time_dopr_av >= dt_averaging_input_pr ) THEN
1329	do_sum = .TRUE.
1330	time_dopr_av = MOD( time_dopr_av, MAX( dt_averaging_input_pr, dt_3d ) )
1331	ENDIF
1332	ENDIF
1333	IF ( do_sum ) CALL flow_statistics
1334
1335	!
1336	!-- Sum-up 3d-arrays for later output of time-averaged 2d/3d/masked data
1337	IF ( averaging_interval /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
1338	( dt_data_output_av - time_do_av ) <= averaging_interval .AND. &
1339	time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_data_output_av ) &
1340	THEN
1341	time_do_sla = time_do_sla + dt_3d
1342	IF ( time_do_sla >= dt_averaging_input ) THEN
1343	IF ( current_timestep_number > timestep_number_at_prev_calc ) &
1344	CALL doq_calculate
1345
1346	CALL sum_up_3d_data
1347	average_count_3d = average_count_3d + 1
1348	time_do_sla = MOD( time_do_sla, MAX( dt_averaging_input, dt_3d ) )
1349	ENDIF
1350	ENDIF
1351	!
1352	!-- Average surface data
1353	IF ( surface_output ) THEN
1354	IF ( averaging_interval_surf /= 0.0_wp &
1355	.AND. ( dt_dosurf_av - time_dosurf_av ) <= averaging_interval_surf &
1356	.AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dosurf_av ) THEN
1357	IF ( time_dosurf_av >= dt_averaging_input ) THEN
1358	CALL surface_data_output_averaging
1359	average_count_surf = average_count_surf + 1
1360	ENDIF
1361	ENDIF
1362	ENDIF
1363
1364	!
1365	!-- Calculate spectra for time averaging
1366	IF ( averaging_interval_sp /= 0.0_wp .AND. ( dt_dosp - time_dosp ) <= averaging_interval_sp&
1367	.AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dosp ) THEN
1368	time_dosp_av = time_dosp_av + dt_3d
1369	IF ( time_dosp_av >= dt_averaging_input_pr ) THEN
1370	CALL calc_spectra
1371	time_dosp_av = MOD( time_dosp_av, MAX( dt_averaging_input_pr, dt_3d ) )
1372	ENDIF
1373	ENDIF
1374
1375	!
1376	!-- Call flight module and output data
1377	IF ( virtual_flight ) THEN
1378	CALL flight_measurement
1379	CALL data_output_flight
1380	ENDIF
1381	!
1382	!-- Take virtual measurements
1383	IF ( virtual_measurement .AND. time_virtual_measurement >= dt_virtual_measurement &
1384	.AND. vm_time_start <= time_since_reference_point ) THEN
1385	CALL vm_sampling
1386	CALL vm_data_output
1387	time_virtual_measurement = MOD( time_virtual_measurement, &
1388	MAX( dt_virtual_measurement, dt_3d ) )
1389	ENDIF
1390
1391	!
1392	!-- Output wind turbine data
1393	IF ( wind_turbine .AND. time_wtm >= dt_data_output_wtm ) THEN
1394	CALL wtm_data_output
1395	time_wtm = MOD( time_wtm, MAX( dt_data_output_wtm, dt_3d ) )
1396	ENDIF
1397
1398	!
1399	!-- Profile output (ASCII) on file
1400	IF ( time_dopr_listing >= dt_dopr_listing ) THEN
1401	CALL print_1d
1402	time_dopr_listing = MOD( time_dopr_listing, MAX( dt_dopr_listing, dt_3d ) )
1403	ENDIF
1404
1405	!
1406	!-- Graphic output for PROFIL
1407	IF ( time_dopr >= dt_dopr .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dopr ) THEN
1408	IF ( dopr_n /= 0 ) CALL data_output_profiles
1409	time_dopr = MOD( time_dopr, MAX( dt_dopr, dt_3d ) )
1410	time_dopr_av = 0.0_wp ! due to averaging (see above)
1411	ENDIF
1412
1413	!
1414	!-- Graphic output for time series
1415	IF ( time_dots >= dt_dots ) THEN
1416	CALL data_output_tseries
1417	time_dots = MOD( time_dots, MAX( dt_dots, dt_3d ) )
1418	ENDIF
1419
1420	!
1421	!-- Output of spectra (formatted for use with PROFIL), in case of no
1422	!-- time averaging, spectra has to be calculated before
1423	IF ( time_dosp >= dt_dosp .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dosp ) THEN
1424	IF ( average_count_sp == 0 ) CALL calc_spectra
1425	CALL data_output_spectra
1426	time_dosp = MOD( time_dosp, MAX( dt_dosp, dt_3d ) )
1427	ENDIF
1428
1429	!
1430	!-- 2d-data output (cross-sections)
1431	IF ( time_do2d_xy >= dt_do2d_xy .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do2d_xy ) THEN
1432	IF ( current_timestep_number > timestep_number_at_prev_calc ) &
1433	CALL doq_calculate
1434
1435	CALL data_output_2d( 'xy', 0 )
1436	time_do2d_xy = MOD( time_do2d_xy, MAX( dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d ) )
1437	ENDIF
1438	IF ( time_do2d_xz >= dt_do2d_xz .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do2d_xz ) THEN
1439	IF ( current_timestep_number > timestep_number_at_prev_calc ) &
1440
1441	CALL doq_calculate
1442	CALL data_output_2d( 'xz', 0 )
1443	time_do2d_xz = MOD( time_do2d_xz, MAX( dt_do2d_xz, dt_3d ) )
1444	ENDIF
1445	IF ( time_do2d_yz >= dt_do2d_yz .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do2d_yz ) THEN
1446	IF ( current_timestep_number > timestep_number_at_prev_calc ) &
1447	CALL doq_calculate
1448
1449	CALL data_output_2d( 'yz', 0 )
1450	time_do2d_yz = MOD( time_do2d_yz, MAX( dt_do2d_yz, dt_3d ) )
1451	ENDIF
1452
1453	!
1454	!-- 3d-data output (volume data)
1455	IF ( time_do3d >= dt_do3d .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do3d ) THEN
1456	IF ( current_timestep_number > timestep_number_at_prev_calc ) &
1457	CALL doq_calculate
1458
1459	CALL data_output_3d( 0 )
1460	time_do3d = MOD( time_do3d, MAX( dt_do3d, dt_3d ) )
1461	ENDIF
1462
1463	!
1464	!-- Masked data output
1465	DO mid = 1, masks
1466	IF ( time_domask(mid) >= dt_domask(mid) &
1467	.AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_domask(mid) ) THEN
1468	IF ( current_timestep_number > timestep_number_at_prev_calc ) &
1469	CALL doq_calculate
1470
1471	CALL data_output_mask( 0, mid )
1472	time_domask(mid) = MOD( time_domask(mid), MAX( dt_domask(mid), dt_3d ) )
1473	ENDIF
1474	ENDDO
1475
1476	!
1477	!-- Output of time-averaged 2d/3d/masked data
1478	IF ( time_do_av >= dt_data_output_av &
1479	.AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_data_output_av ) THEN
1480	CALL average_3d_data
1481	!
1482	!-- Udate thermal comfort indices based on updated averaged input
1483	IF ( biometeorology .AND. thermal_comfort ) THEN
1484	CALL bio_calculate_thermal_index_maps ( .TRUE. )
1485	ENDIF
1486	CALL data_output_2d( 'xy', 1 )
1487	CALL data_output_2d( 'xz', 1 )
1488	CALL data_output_2d( 'yz', 1 )
1489	CALL data_output_3d( 1 )
1490	DO mid = 1, masks
1491	CALL data_output_mask( 1, mid )
1492	ENDDO
1493	time_do_av = MOD( time_do_av, MAX( dt_data_output_av, dt_3d ) )
1494	ENDIF
1495	!
1496	!-- Output of surface data, instantaneous and averaged data
1497	IF ( surface_output ) THEN
1498	IF ( time_dosurf >= dt_dosurf .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dosurf ) THEN
1499	CALL surface_data_output( 0 )
1500	time_dosurf = MOD( time_dosurf, MAX( dt_dosurf, dt_3d ) )
1501	ENDIF
1502	IF ( time_dosurf_av >= dt_dosurf_av .AND. time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_dosurf_av ) THEN
1503	CALL surface_data_output( 1 )
1504	time_dosurf_av = MOD( time_dosurf_av, MAX( dt_dosurf_av, dt_3d ) )
1505	ENDIF
1506	ENDIF
1507
1508	!
1509	!-- Output of particle time series
1510	IF ( particle_advection ) THEN
1511	IF ( time_dopts >= dt_dopts .OR. &
1512	( time_since_reference_point >= particle_advection_start .AND. &
1513	first_call_lpm ) ) THEN
1514	CALL lpm_data_output_ptseries
1515	time_dopts = MOD( time_dopts, MAX( dt_dopts, dt_3d ) )
1516	ENDIF
1517	ENDIF
1518
1519	!
1520	!-- If required, set the heat flux for the next time step to a random value
1521	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. random_heatflux ) THEN
1522	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
1523	CALL cpu_log( log_point(23), 'disturb_heatflux', 'start' )
1524	CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_def_h(0) )
1525	CALL cpu_log( log_point(23), 'disturb_heatflux', 'stop' )
1526	ENDIF
1527	IF ( surf_lsm_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
1528	CALL cpu_log( log_point(23), 'disturb_heatflux', 'start' )
1529	CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_lsm_h(0) )
1530	CALL cpu_log( log_point(23), 'disturb_heatflux', 'stop' )
1531	ENDIF
1532	IF ( surf_usm_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
1533	CALL cpu_log( log_point(23), 'disturb_heatflux', 'start' )
1534	CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_usm_h(0) )
1535	CALL cpu_log( log_point(23), 'disturb_heatflux', 'stop' )
1536	ENDIF
1537	ENDIF
1538
1539	!
1540	!-- Execute alle other module actions routunes
1541	CALL module_interface_actions( 'after_timestep' )
1542
1543	!
1544	!-- Determine size of next time step. Save timestep dt_3d because it is
1545	!-- newly calculated in routine timestep, but required further below for
1546	!-- steering the run control output interval
1547	dt_3d_old = dt_3d
1548	CALL timestep
1549
1550	#if defined( __parallel )
1551	!
1552	!-- Synchronize the timestep in case of nested run.
1553	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
1554	!
1555	!-- Synchronize by unifying the time step.
1556	!-- Global minimum of all time-steps is used for all.
1557	CALL pmci_synchronize
1558	ENDIF
1559	#endif
1560
1561	!
1562	!-- Computation and output of run control parameters.
1563	!-- This is also done whenever perturbations have been imposed
1564	IF ( time_run_control >= dt_run_control .OR. &
1565	timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' .OR. disturbance_created ) &
1566	THEN
1567	CALL run_control
1568	IF ( time_run_control >= dt_run_control ) THEN
1569	time_run_control = MOD( time_run_control, MAX( dt_run_control, dt_3d_old ) )
1570	ENDIF
1571	ENDIF
1572
1573	!
1574	!-- Output elapsed simulated time in form of a progress bar on stdout
1575	IF ( myid == 0 ) CALL output_progress_bar
1576
1577	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) THEN
1578	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'time_integration', simulated_time
1579	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1580	ENDIF
1581
1582	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(10), 'timesteps', 'stop' )
1583
1584
1585	ENDDO ! time loop
1586
1587	#if defined( _OPENACC )
1588	CALL exit_surface_arrays
1589	#endif
1590	!$ACC END DATA
1591	!$ACC END DATA
1592	!$ACC END DATA
1593	!$ACC END DATA
1594	!$ACC END DATA
1595	!$ACC END DATA
1596	!$ACC END DATA
1597	!$ACC END DATA
1598
1599	IF ( myid == 0 ) CALL finish_progress_bar
1600
1601	CALL location_message( 'atmosphere (and/or ocean) time-stepping', 'finished' )
1602
1603	END SUBROUTINE time_integration

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