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1	!> @file time_integration.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2015 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! ------------------
21	!
22	!
23	! Former revisions:
24	! -----------------
25	! $Id: time_integration.f90 1782 2016-03-03 15:39:25Z raasch $
26	!
27	! 1781 2016-03-03 15:12:23Z raasch
28	! some pmc calls removed at the beginning (before timeloop),
29	! pmc initialization moved to the main program
30	!
31	! 1764 2016-02-28 12:45:19Z raasch
32	! PMC_ACTIVE flags removed,
33	! bugfix: nest synchronization after first call of timestep
34	!
35	! 1762 2016-02-25 12:31:13Z hellstea
36	! Introduction of nested domain feature
37	!
38	! 1736 2015-12-04 08:56:33Z raasch
39	! no perturbations added to total domain if energy limit has been set zero
40	!
41	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
42	! Added option for spin-ups without land surface and radiation models. Moved calls
43	! for radiation and lan surface schemes.
44	!
45	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
46	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
47	!
48	! 1671 2015-09-25 03:29:37Z raasch
49	! bugfix: ghostpoint exchange for array diss in case that sgs velocities are used
50	! for particles
51	!
52	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
53	! Moved call of radiation scheme. Added support for RRTM
54	!
55	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
56	! Added interface for different radiation schemes.
57	!
58	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
59	! Added calls for the land surface model and radiation scheme
60	!
61	! 1402 2014-05-09 14:25:13Z raasch
62	! location messages modified
63	!
64	! 1384 2014-05-02 14:31:06Z raasch
65	! location messages added
66	!
67	! 1380 2014-04-28 12:40:45Z heinze
68	! CALL of nudge_ref added
69	! bc_pt_t_val and bc_q_t_val are updated in case nudging is used
70	!
71	! 1365 2014-04-22 15:03:56Z boeske
72	! Reset sums_ls_l to zero at each timestep
73	! +sums_ls_l
74	! Calculation of reference state (previously in subroutine calc_mean_profile)
75
76	! 1342 2014-03-26 17:04:47Z kanani
77	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
78	!
79	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
80	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
81	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
82	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
83	! old module precision_kind is removed,
84	! revision history before 2012 removed,
85	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
86	! all variable declaration statements
87	! 1318 2014-03-17 13:35:16Z raasch
88	! module interfaces removed
89	!
90	! 1308 2014-03-13 14:58:42Z fricke
91	! +netcdf_data_format_save
92	! For masked data, parallel netcdf output is not tested so far, hence
93	! netcdf_data_format is switched back to non-paralell output.
94	!
95	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
96	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
97	!
98	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
99	! acc-update-host directive for timestep removed
100	!
101	! 1241 2013-10-30 11:36:58Z heinze
102	! Generalize calc_mean_profile for wider use
103	! Determine shf and qsws in dependence on data from LSF_DATA
104	! Determine ug and vg in dependence on data from LSF_DATA
105	! 1221 2013-09-10 08:59:13Z raasch
106	! host update of arrays before timestep is called
107	!
108	! 1179 2013-06-14 05:57:58Z raasch
109	! mean profiles for reference state are only calculated if required,
110	! small bugfix for background communication
111	!
112	! 1171 2013-05-30 11:27:45Z raasch
113	! split of prognostic_equations deactivated (comment lines), for the time being
114	!
115	! 1128 2013-04-12 06:19:32Z raasch
116	! asynchronous transfer of ghost point data realized for acc-optimized version:
117	! prognostic_equations are first called two times for those points required for
118	! the left-right and north-south exchange, respectively, and then for the
119	! remaining points,
120	! those parts requiring global communication moved from prognostic_equations to
121	! here
122	!
123	! 1115 2013-03-26 18:16:16Z hoffmann
124	! calculation of qr and nr is restricted to precipitation
125	!
126	! 1113 2013-03-10 02:48:14Z raasch
127	! GPU-porting of boundary conditions,
128	! openACC directives updated
129	! formal parameter removed from routine boundary_conds
130	!
131	! 1111 2013-03-08 23:54:10Z raasch
132	! +internal timestep counter for cpu statistics added,
133	! openACC directives updated
134	!
135	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
136	! unused variables removed
137	!
138	! 1065 2012-11-22 17:42:36Z hoffmann
139	! exchange of diss (dissipation rate) in case of turbulence = .TRUE. added
140	!
141	! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann
142	! exchange of ghost points for nr, qr added
143	!
144	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
145	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
146	!
147	! 1019 2012-09-28 06:46:45Z raasch
148	! non-optimized version of prognostic_equations removed
149	!
150	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
151	! +call of prognostic_equations_acc
152	!
153	! 1001 2012-09-13 14:08:46Z raasch
154	! all actions concerning leapfrog- and upstream-spline-scheme removed
155	!
156	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
157	! advec_particles renamed lpm, first_call_advec_particles renamed first_call_lpm
158	!
159	! 825 2012-02-19 03:03:44Z raasch
160	! wang_collision_kernel renamed wang_kernel
161	!
162	! Revision 1.1 1997/08/11 06:19:04 raasch
163	! Initial revision
164	!
165	!
166	! Description:
167	! ------------
168	!> Integration in time of the model equations, statistical analysis and graphic
169	!> output
170	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
171	SUBROUTINE time_integration
172
173
174	USE advec_ws, &
175	ONLY: ws_statistics
176
177	USE arrays_3d, &
178	ONLY: diss, dzu, e, e_p, nr_p, prho, pt, pt_p, pt_init, q_init, q, &
179	ql, ql_c, ql_v, ql_vp, qr_p, q_p, ref_state, rho, sa_p, tend, &
180	u, u_p, v, vpt, v_p, w, w_p
181
182	USE calc_mean_profile_mod, &
183	ONLY: calc_mean_profile
184
185	USE control_parameters, &
186	ONLY: advected_distance_x, advected_distance_y, average_count_3d, &
187	average_count_sp, averaging_interval, averaging_interval_pr, &
188	averaging_interval_sp, bc_lr_cyc, bc_ns_cyc, bc_pt_t_val, &
189	bc_q_t_val, call_psolver_at_all_substeps, cloud_droplets, &
190	cloud_physics, constant_flux_layer, constant_heatflux, &
191	create_disturbances, dopr_n, constant_diffusion, coupling_mode, &
192	coupling_start_time, current_timestep_number, &
193	disturbance_created, disturbance_energy_limit, dist_range, &
194	do_sum, dt_3d, dt_averaging_input, dt_averaging_input_pr, &
195	dt_coupling, dt_data_output_av, dt_disturb, dt_do2d_xy, &
196	dt_do2d_xz, dt_do2d_yz, dt_do3d, dt_domask,dt_dopts, dt_dopr, &
197	dt_dopr_listing, dt_dosp, dt_dots, dt_dvrp, dt_run_control, &
198	end_time, first_call_lpm, galilei_transformation, humidity, &
199	icloud_scheme, intermediate_timestep_count, &
200	intermediate_timestep_count_max, large_scale_forcing, &
201	loop_optimization, lsf_surf, lsf_vert, masks, mid, nest_domain, &
202	netcdf_data_format, neutral, nr_timesteps_this_run, nudging, &
203	ocean, on_device, passive_scalar, precipitation, &
204	prho_reference, pt_reference, pt_slope_offset, random_heatflux, &
205	run_coupled, simulated_time, simulated_time_chr, &
206	skip_time_do2d_xy, skip_time_do2d_xz, skip_time_do2d_yz, &
207	skip_time_do3d, skip_time_domask, skip_time_dopr, &
208	skip_time_dosp, skip_time_data_output_av, sloping_surface, &
209	stop_dt, terminate_coupled, terminate_run, timestep_scheme, &
210	time_coupling, time_do2d_xy, time_do2d_xz, time_do2d_yz, &
211	time_do3d, time_domask, time_dopr, time_dopr_av, &
212	time_dopr_listing, time_dopts, time_dosp, time_dosp_av, &
213	time_dots, time_do_av, time_do_sla, time_disturb, time_dvrp, &
214	time_run_control, time_since_reference_point, &
215	turbulence, &
216	turbulent_inflow, use_initial_profile_as_reference, &
217	use_single_reference_value, u_gtrans, v_gtrans, ws_scheme_mom, &
218	ws_scheme_sca
219
220	USE cpulog, &
221	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point, log_point_s
222
223	USE indices, &
224	ONLY: i_left, i_right, j_north, j_south, nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, &
225	nxrg, nyn, nys, nzb, nzt, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner
226
227	USE interaction_droplets_ptq_mod, &
228	ONLY: interaction_droplets_ptq
229
230	USE kinds
231
232	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
233	ONLY: land_surface, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_soil_model, &
234	skip_time_do_lsm
235
236	USE ls_forcing_mod, &
237	ONLY: ls_forcing_surf, ls_forcing_vert
238
239	USE nudge_mod, &
240	ONLY: calc_tnudge, nudge_ref
241
242	USE particle_attributes, &
243	ONLY: particle_advection, particle_advection_start, &
244	use_sgs_for_particles, wang_kernel
245
246	USE pegrid
247
248	USE pmc_interface, &
249	ONLY: client_to_server, nested_run, nesting_mode, &
250	pmci_ensure_nest_mass_conservation, pmci_client_datatrans, &
251	pmci_client_synchronize, pmci_server_datatrans, &
252	pmci_server_synchronize, pmci_update_new, server_to_client
253
254	USE production_e_mod, &
255	ONLY: production_e_init
256
257	USE progress_bar, &
258	ONLY: finish_progress_bar, output_progress_bar
259
260	USE prognostic_equations_mod, &
261	ONLY: prognostic_equations_acc, prognostic_equations_cache, &
262	prognostic_equations_vector
263
264	USE radiation_model_mod, &
265	ONLY: dt_radiation, force_radiation_call, radiation, &
266	radiation_clearsky, radiation_rrtmg, radiation_scheme, &
267	skip_time_do_radiation, time_radiation
268
269	USE statistics, &
270	ONLY: flow_statistics_called, hom, pr_palm, sums_ls_l
271
272	USE surface_layer_fluxes_mod, &
273	ONLY: surface_layer_fluxes
274
275	USE user_actions_mod, &
276	ONLY: user_actions
277
278	IMPLICIT NONE
279
280	CHARACTER (LEN=9) :: time_to_string !<
281
282	INTEGER(iwp) :: netcdf_data_format_save !<
283
284	!
285	!-- At the beginning of a simulation determine the time step as well as
286	!-- determine and print out the run control parameters
287	IF ( simulated_time == 0.0_wp ) CALL timestep
288
289	!
290	!-- Synchronize the timestep in case of nested run.
291	!-- The server side must be called first
292	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
293	CALL pmci_server_synchronize
294	CALL pmci_client_synchronize
295	ENDIF
296
297	CALL run_control
298
299	!
300	!-- Data exchange between coupled models in case that a call has been omitted
301	!-- at the end of the previous run of a job chain.
302	IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. run_coupled ) THEN
303	!
304	!-- In case of model termination initiated by the local model the coupler
305	!-- must not be called because this would again cause an MPI hang.
306	DO WHILE ( time_coupling >= dt_coupling .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 )
307	CALL surface_coupler
308	time_coupling = time_coupling - dt_coupling
309	ENDDO
310	IF (time_coupling == 0.0_wp .AND. time_since_reference_point < dt_coupling)&
311	THEN
312	time_coupling = time_since_reference_point
313	ENDIF
314	ENDIF
315
316	#if defined( __dvrp_graphics )
317	!
318	!-- Time measurement with dvrp software
319	CALL DVRP_LOG_EVENT( 2, current_timestep_number )
320	#endif
321
322	CALL location_message( 'start with time-stepping', .TRUE. )
323	!
324	!-- Start of the time loop
325	DO WHILE ( simulated_time < end_time .AND. .NOT. stop_dt .AND. &
326	.NOT. terminate_run )
327
328	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(10), 'timesteps', 'start' )
329
330	!
331	!-- Determine size of next time step
332	IF ( simulated_time /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
333	CALL timestep
334
335	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
336	!
337	!-- TO_DO: try to give more detailed and meaningful comments here
338	!-- Server side must be called first
339	CALL pmci_server_synchronize
340	CALL pmci_client_synchronize
341	ENDIF
342	ENDIF
343
344
345	!
346	!-- Determine ug, vg and w_subs in dependence on data from external file
347	!-- LSF_DATA
348	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_vert ) THEN
349	CALL ls_forcing_vert ( simulated_time )
350	sums_ls_l = 0.0_wp
351	ENDIF
352
353	!
354	!-- Set pt_init and q_init to the current profiles taken from
355	!-- NUDGING_DATA
356	IF ( nudging ) THEN
357	CALL nudge_ref ( simulated_time )
358	!
359	!-- Store temperature gradient at the top boundary for possible Neumann
360	!-- boundary condition
361	bc_pt_t_val = ( pt_init(nzt+1) - pt_init(nzt) ) / dzu(nzt+1)
362	bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(nzt+1) - q_init(nzt) ) / dzu(nzt+1)
363	ENDIF
364
365	!
366	!-- Execute the user-defined actions
367	CALL user_actions( 'before_timestep' )
368
369	!
370	!-- Start of intermediate step loop
371	intermediate_timestep_count = 0
372	DO WHILE ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
373	intermediate_timestep_count_max )
374
375	intermediate_timestep_count = intermediate_timestep_count + 1
376
377	!
378	!-- Set the steering factors for the prognostic equations which depend
379	!-- on the timestep scheme
380	CALL timestep_scheme_steering
381
382	!
383	!-- Calculate those variables needed in the tendency terms which need
384	!-- global communication
385	IF ( .NOT. use_single_reference_value .AND. &
386	.NOT. use_initial_profile_as_reference ) THEN
387	!
388	!-- Horizontally averaged profiles to be used as reference state in
389	!-- buoyancy terms (WARNING: only the respective last call of
390	!-- calc_mean_profile defines the reference state!)
391	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
392	CALL calc_mean_profile( pt, 4 )
393	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,4,0) ! this is used in the buoyancy term
394	ENDIF
395	IF ( ocean ) THEN
396	CALL calc_mean_profile( rho, 64 )
397	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,64,0)
398	ENDIF
399	IF ( humidity ) THEN
400	CALL calc_mean_profile( vpt, 44 )
401	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,44,0)
402	ENDIF
403
404	ENDIF
405
406	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL production_e_init
407	IF ( ( ws_scheme_mom .OR. ws_scheme_sca ) .AND. &
408	intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) CALL ws_statistics
409	!
410	!-- In case of nudging calculate current nudging time scale and horizontal
411	!-- means of u, v, pt and q
412	IF ( nudging ) THEN
413	CALL calc_tnudge( simulated_time )
414	CALL calc_mean_profile( u, 1 )
415	CALL calc_mean_profile( v, 2 )
416	CALL calc_mean_profile( pt, 4 )
417	CALL calc_mean_profile( q, 41 )
418	ENDIF
419
420	!
421	!-- Solve the prognostic equations. A fast cache optimized version with
422	!-- only one single loop is used in case of Piascek-Williams advection
423	!-- scheme. NEC vector machines use a different version, because
424	!-- in the other versions a good vectorization is prohibited due to
425	!-- inlining problems.
426	IF ( loop_optimization == 'cache' ) THEN
427	CALL prognostic_equations_cache
428	ELSEIF ( loop_optimization == 'vector' ) THEN
429	CALL prognostic_equations_vector
430	ELSEIF ( loop_optimization == 'acc' ) THEN
431	i_left = nxl; i_right = nxr
432	j_south = nys; j_north = nyn
433	CALL prognostic_equations_acc
434
435	! i_left = nxl; i_right = nxl+nbgp-1
436	! j_south = nys; j_north = nyn
437	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
438	! i_left = nxr-nbgp+1; i_right = nxr
439	! j_south = nys; j_north = nyn
440	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
441
442	!
443	!-- Exchange of ghost points (lateral boundary conditions)
444	IF ( background_communication ) THEN
445
446	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'start' )
447
448	send_receive = 'lr'
449	sendrecv_in_background = .TRUE.
450	req = 0
451	req_count = 0
452
453	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
454	on_device = .TRUE. ! to be removed after complete porting
455	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
456	!$acc update host( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
457	ENDIF
458
459	CALL exchange_horiz( u_p, nbgp )
460	CALL exchange_horiz( v_p, nbgp )
461	CALL exchange_horiz( w_p, nbgp )
462	CALL exchange_horiz( pt_p, nbgp )
463	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL exchange_horiz( e_p, nbgp )
464	IF ( ocean ) THEN
465	CALL exchange_horiz( sa_p, nbgp )
466	CALL exchange_horiz( rho, nbgp )
467	CALL exchange_horiz( prho, nbgp )
468	ENDIF
469	IF (humidity .OR. passive_scalar) THEN
470	CALL exchange_horiz( q_p, nbgp )
471	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. icloud_scheme == 0 ) THEN
472	CALL exchange_horiz( qr_p, nbgp )
473	CALL exchange_horiz( nr_p, nbgp )
474	ENDIF
475	ENDIF
476	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
477	CALL exchange_horiz( ql, nbgp )
478	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_c, nbgp )
479	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_v, nbgp )
480	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_vp, nbgp )
481	ENDIF
482	IF ( wang_kernel .OR. turbulence .OR. use_sgs_for_particles ) &
483	THEN
484	CALL exchange_horiz( diss, nbgp )
485	ENDIF
486
487	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
488	on_device = .FALSE. ! to be removed after complete porting
489	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
490	!$acc update device( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
491	ENDIF
492
493	sendrecv_in_background = .FALSE.
494
495	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'pause' )
496
497	ENDIF
498
499	! i_left = nxl+nbgp; i_right = nxr-nbgp
500	! j_south = nys; j_north = nys+nbgp-1
501	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
502	! i_left = nxl+nbgp; i_right = nxr-nbgp
503	! j_south = nyn-nbgp+1; j_north = nyn
504	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
505
506	IF ( background_communication ) THEN
507	CALL cpu_log( log_point(41), 'exchange-horiz-wait', 'start' )
508	#if defined( __parallel )
509	CALL MPI_WAITALL( req_count, req, wait_stat, ierr )
510	#endif
511	CALL cpu_log( log_point(41), 'exchange-horiz-wait', 'pause' )
512
513	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'continue' )
514
515	send_receive = 'ns'
516	sendrecv_in_background = .TRUE.
517	req = 0
518	req_count = 0
519
520	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
521	on_device = .TRUE. ! to be removed after complete porting
522	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
523	!$acc update host( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
524	ENDIF
525
526	CALL exchange_horiz( u_p, nbgp )
527	CALL exchange_horiz( v_p, nbgp )
528	CALL exchange_horiz( w_p, nbgp )
529	CALL exchange_horiz( pt_p, nbgp )
530	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL exchange_horiz( e_p, nbgp )
531	IF ( ocean ) THEN
532	CALL exchange_horiz( sa_p, nbgp )
533	CALL exchange_horiz( rho, nbgp )
534	CALL exchange_horiz( prho, nbgp )
535	ENDIF
536	IF (humidity .OR. passive_scalar) THEN
537	CALL exchange_horiz( q_p, nbgp )
538	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. icloud_scheme == 0 ) THEN
539	CALL exchange_horiz( qr_p, nbgp )
540	CALL exchange_horiz( nr_p, nbgp )
541	ENDIF
542	ENDIF
543	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
544	CALL exchange_horiz( ql, nbgp )
545	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_c, nbgp )
546	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_v, nbgp )
547	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_vp, nbgp )
548	ENDIF
549	IF ( wang_kernel .OR. turbulence .OR. use_sgs_for_particles ) &
550	THEN
551	CALL exchange_horiz( diss, nbgp )
552	ENDIF
553
554	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
555	on_device = .FALSE. ! to be removed after complete porting
556	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
557	!$acc update device( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
558	ENDIF
559
560	sendrecv_in_background = .FALSE.
561
562	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'stop' )
563
564	ENDIF
565
566	! i_left = nxl+nbgp; i_right = nxr-nbgp
567	! j_south = nys+nbgp; j_north = nyn-nbgp
568	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
569
570	IF ( background_communication ) THEN
571	CALL cpu_log( log_point(41), 'exchange-horiz-wait', 'continue' )
572	#if defined( __parallel )
573	CALL MPI_WAITALL( req_count, req, wait_stat, ierr )
574	#endif
575	send_receive = 'al'
576	CALL cpu_log( log_point(41), 'exchange-horiz-wait', 'stop' )
577	ENDIF
578
579	ENDIF
580
581	!
582	!-- Particle transport/physics with the Lagrangian particle model
583	!-- (only once during intermediate steps, because it uses an Euler-step)
584	!-- ### particle model should be moved before prognostic_equations, in order
585	!-- to regard droplet interactions directly
586	IF ( particle_advection .AND. &
587	simulated_time >= particle_advection_start .AND. &
588	intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
589	CALL lpm
590	first_call_lpm = .FALSE.
591	ENDIF
592
593	!
594	!-- Interaction of droplets with temperature and specific humidity.
595	!-- Droplet condensation and evaporation is calculated within
596	!-- advec_particles.
597	IF ( cloud_droplets .AND. &
598	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max )&
599	THEN
600	CALL interaction_droplets_ptq
601	ENDIF
602
603	!
604	!-- Exchange of ghost points (lateral boundary conditions)
605	IF ( .NOT. background_communication ) THEN
606
607	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'start' )
608
609	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
610	on_device = .TRUE. ! to be removed after complete porting
611	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
612	!$acc update host( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
613	ENDIF
614
615	CALL exchange_horiz( u_p, nbgp )
616	CALL exchange_horiz( v_p, nbgp )
617	CALL exchange_horiz( w_p, nbgp )
618	CALL exchange_horiz( pt_p, nbgp )
619	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL exchange_horiz( e_p, nbgp )
620	IF ( ocean ) THEN
621	CALL exchange_horiz( sa_p, nbgp )
622	CALL exchange_horiz( rho, nbgp )
623	CALL exchange_horiz( prho, nbgp )
624	ENDIF
625	IF (humidity .OR. passive_scalar) THEN
626	CALL exchange_horiz( q_p, nbgp )
627	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. icloud_scheme == 0 .AND. &
628	precipitation ) THEN
629	CALL exchange_horiz( qr_p, nbgp )
630	CALL exchange_horiz( nr_p, nbgp )
631	ENDIF
632	ENDIF
633	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
634	CALL exchange_horiz( ql, nbgp )
635	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_c, nbgp )
636	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_v, nbgp )
637	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_vp, nbgp )
638	ENDIF
639	IF ( wang_kernel .OR. turbulence .OR. use_sgs_for_particles ) &
640	THEN
641	CALL exchange_horiz( diss, nbgp )
642	ENDIF
643
644	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
645	on_device = .FALSE. ! to be removed after complete porting
646	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
647	!$acc update device( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
648	ENDIF
649
650	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'stop' )
651
652	ENDIF
653
654	!
655	!-- Boundary conditions for the prognostic quantities (except of the
656	!-- velocities at the outflow in case of a non-cyclic lateral wall)
657	CALL boundary_conds
658
659	!
660	!-- Swap the time levels in preparation for the next time step.
661	CALL swap_timelevel
662
663	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
664	!
665	!-- TO_DO: try to give more meaningful comments here
666	!-- Domain nesting
667	!-- Note that the nesting operations are omitted intentionally on the
668	!-- first two RK-substeps.
669	CALL cpu_log( log_point(60), 'nesting', 'start' )
670	!
671	!-- From server to client commmunication ( direction=SERVER_TO_CLIENT )
672	CALL pmci_server_datatrans( server_to_client )
673	CALL pmci_client_datatrans( server_to_client )
674
675	IF ( nesting_mode == 'two-way' ) THEN
676	!
677	!-- From client to server commmunication ( direction=CLIENT_TO_SERVER )
678	CALL pmci_server_datatrans( client_to_server )
679	CALL pmci_client_datatrans( client_to_server )
680	!
681	!-- Exchange_horiz is needed for all server-domains after the
682	!-- anterpolation
683	CALL exchange_horiz( u, nbgp )
684	CALL exchange_horiz( v, nbgp )
685	CALL exchange_horiz( w, nbgp )
686	CALL exchange_horiz( pt, nbgp )
687	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
688	CALL exchange_horiz( q, nbgp )
689	ENDIF
690	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL exchange_horiz( e, nbgp )
691	ENDIF
692	!
693	!-- Correct the w top-BC in nest domains to ensure mass conservation.
694	!-- This action must never be done for the root domain.
695	IF ( nest_domain ) THEN
696	CALL pmci_ensure_nest_mass_conservation
697	!
698	!-- pmc_update_new is not necessary if nesting is made at each
699	!-- substep
700	CALL pmci_update_new
701	ENDIF
702
703	CALL cpu_log( log_point(60), 'nesting', 'stop' )
704
705	ENDIF
706
707	!
708	!-- Temperature offset must be imposed at cyclic boundaries in x-direction
709	!-- when a sloping surface is used
710	IF ( sloping_surface ) THEN
711	IF ( nxl == 0 ) pt(:,:,nxlg:nxl-1) = pt(:,:,nxlg:nxl-1) - &
712	pt_slope_offset
713	IF ( nxr == nx ) pt(:,:,nxr+1:nxrg) = pt(:,:,nxr+1:nxrg) + &
714	pt_slope_offset
715	ENDIF
716
717	!
718	!-- Impose a turbulent inflow using the recycling method
719	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) CALL inflow_turbulence
720
721	!
722	!-- Impose a random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field
723	IF ( create_disturbances .AND. &
724	( call_psolver_at_all_substeps .AND. &
725	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max )&
726	.OR. ( .NOT. call_psolver_at_all_substeps .AND. &
727	intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) ) &
728	THEN
729	time_disturb = time_disturb + dt_3d
730	IF ( time_disturb >= dt_disturb ) THEN
731	!$acc update host( u, v )
732	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) on_device = .FALSE. ! workaround, remove later
733	IF ( disturbance_energy_limit /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
734	hom(nzb+5,1,pr_palm,0) < disturbance_energy_limit ) THEN
735	CALL disturb_field( nzb_u_inner, tend, u )
736	CALL disturb_field( nzb_v_inner, tend, v )
737	ELSEIF ( .NOT. bc_lr_cyc .OR. .NOT. bc_ns_cyc ) THEN
738	!
739	!-- Runs with a non-cyclic lateral wall need perturbations
740	!-- near the inflow throughout the whole simulation
741	dist_range = 1
742	CALL disturb_field( nzb_u_inner, tend, u )
743	CALL disturb_field( nzb_v_inner, tend, v )
744	dist_range = 0
745	ENDIF
746	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) on_device = .TRUE. ! workaround, remove later
747	!$acc update device( u, v )
748	time_disturb = time_disturb - dt_disturb
749	ENDIF
750	ENDIF
751
752	!
753	!-- Reduce the velocity divergence via the equation for perturbation
754	!-- pressure.
755	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 .OR. &
756	call_psolver_at_all_substeps ) THEN
757	CALL pres
758	ENDIF
759
760	!
761	!-- If required, compute liquid water content
762	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
763	CALL calc_liquid_water_content
764	!$acc update device( ql )
765	ENDIF
766	!
767	!-- If required, compute virtual potential temperature
768	IF ( humidity ) THEN
769	CALL compute_vpt
770	!$acc update device( vpt )
771	ENDIF
772
773	!
774	!-- Compute the diffusion quantities
775	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
776
777	!
778	!-- Determine surface fluxes shf and qsws and surface values
779	!-- pt_surface and q_surface in dependence on data from external
780	!-- file LSF_DATA respectively
781	IF ( ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) .AND. &
782	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max )&
783	THEN
784	CALL ls_forcing_surf ( simulated_time )
785	ENDIF
786
787	!
788	!-- First the vertical fluxes in the surface (constant flux) layer are computed
789	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
790	CALL cpu_log( log_point(19), 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'start' )
791	CALL surface_layer_fluxes
792	CALL cpu_log( log_point(19), 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'stop' )
793	ENDIF
794
795	!
796	!-- If required, solve the energy balance for the surface and run soil
797	!-- model
798	IF ( land_surface .AND. simulated_time > skip_time_do_lsm) THEN
799
800	CALL cpu_log( log_point(54), 'land_surface', 'start' )
801	CALL lsm_energy_balance
802	CALL lsm_soil_model
803	CALL cpu_log( log_point(54), 'land_surface', 'stop' )
804	ENDIF
805	!
806	!-- Compute the diffusion coefficients
807	CALL cpu_log( log_point(17), 'diffusivities', 'start' )
808	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
809	IF ( ocean ) THEN
810	CALL diffusivities( prho, prho_reference )
811	ELSE
812	CALL diffusivities( pt, pt_reference )
813	ENDIF
814	ELSE
815	CALL diffusivities( vpt, pt_reference )
816	ENDIF
817	CALL cpu_log( log_point(17), 'diffusivities', 'stop' )
818
819	ENDIF
820
821	!
822	!-- If required, calculate radiative fluxes and heating rates
823	IF ( radiation .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
824	== intermediate_timestep_count_max .AND. simulated_time > &
825	skip_time_do_radiation ) THEN
826
827	time_radiation = time_radiation + dt_3d
828
829	IF ( time_radiation >= dt_radiation .OR. force_radiation_call ) &
830	THEN
831
832	CALL cpu_log( log_point(50), 'radiation', 'start' )
833
834	IF ( .NOT. force_radiation_call ) THEN
835	time_radiation = time_radiation - dt_radiation
836	ELSE
837	WRITE(9,*) "Unscheduled radiation call at ", simulated_time
838	CALL LOCAL_FLUSH ( 9 )
839	ENDIF
840
841	IF ( radiation_scheme == 'clear-sky' ) THEN
842	CALL radiation_clearsky
843	ELSEIF ( radiation_scheme == 'rrtmg' ) THEN
844	CALL radiation_rrtmg
845	ENDIF
846
847	CALL cpu_log( log_point(50), 'radiation', 'stop' )
848	ENDIF
849	ENDIF
850
851	ENDDO ! Intermediate step loop
852
853	!
854	!-- Increase simulation time and output times
855	nr_timesteps_this_run = nr_timesteps_this_run + 1
856	current_timestep_number = current_timestep_number + 1
857	simulated_time = simulated_time + dt_3d
858	simulated_time_chr = time_to_string( simulated_time )
859	time_since_reference_point = simulated_time - coupling_start_time
860
861	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_data_output_av ) THEN
862	time_do_av = time_do_av + dt_3d
863	ENDIF
864	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_do2d_xy ) THEN
865	time_do2d_xy = time_do2d_xy + dt_3d
866	ENDIF
867	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_do2d_xz ) THEN
868	time_do2d_xz = time_do2d_xz + dt_3d
869	ENDIF
870	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_do2d_yz ) THEN
871	time_do2d_yz = time_do2d_yz + dt_3d
872	ENDIF
873	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_do3d ) THEN
874	time_do3d = time_do3d + dt_3d
875	ENDIF
876	DO mid = 1, masks
877	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_domask(mid) ) THEN
878	time_domask(mid)= time_domask(mid) + dt_3d
879	ENDIF
880	ENDDO
881	time_dvrp = time_dvrp + dt_3d
882	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_dosp ) THEN
883	time_dosp = time_dosp + dt_3d
884	ENDIF
885	time_dots = time_dots + dt_3d
886	IF ( .NOT. first_call_lpm ) THEN
887	time_dopts = time_dopts + dt_3d
888	ENDIF
889	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_dopr ) THEN
890	time_dopr = time_dopr + dt_3d
891	ENDIF
892	time_dopr_listing = time_dopr_listing + dt_3d
893	time_run_control = time_run_control + dt_3d
894
895	!
896	!-- Data exchange between coupled models
897	IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. run_coupled ) THEN
898	time_coupling = time_coupling + dt_3d
899
900	!
901	!-- In case of model termination initiated by the local model
902	!-- (terminate_coupled > 0), the coupler must be skipped because it would
903	!-- cause an MPI intercomminucation hang.
904	!-- If necessary, the coupler will be called at the beginning of the
905	!-- next restart run.
906	DO WHILE ( time_coupling >= dt_coupling .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 )
907	CALL surface_coupler
908	time_coupling = time_coupling - dt_coupling
909	ENDDO
910	ENDIF
911
912	!
913	!-- Execute user-defined actions
914	CALL user_actions( 'after_integration' )
915
916	!
917	!-- If Galilei transformation is used, determine the distance that the
918	!-- model has moved so far
919	IF ( galilei_transformation ) THEN
920	advected_distance_x = advected_distance_x + u_gtrans * dt_3d
921	advected_distance_y = advected_distance_y + v_gtrans * dt_3d
922	ENDIF
923
924	!
925	!-- Check, if restart is necessary (because cpu-time is expiring or
926	!-- because it is forced by user) and set stop flag
927	!-- This call is skipped if the remote model has already initiated a restart.
928	IF ( .NOT. terminate_run ) CALL check_for_restart
929
930	!
931	!-- Carry out statistical analysis and output at the requested output times.
932	!-- The MOD function is used for calculating the output time counters (like
933	!-- time_dopr) in order to regard a possible decrease of the output time
934	!-- interval in case of restart runs
935
936	!
937	!-- Set a flag indicating that so far no statistics have been created
938	!-- for this time step
939	flow_statistics_called = .FALSE.
940
941	!
942	!-- If required, call flow_statistics for averaging in time
943	IF ( averaging_interval_pr /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
944	( dt_dopr - time_dopr ) <= averaging_interval_pr .AND. &
945	simulated_time >= skip_time_dopr ) THEN
946	time_dopr_av = time_dopr_av + dt_3d
947	IF ( time_dopr_av >= dt_averaging_input_pr ) THEN
948	do_sum = .TRUE.
949	time_dopr_av = MOD( time_dopr_av, &
950	MAX( dt_averaging_input_pr, dt_3d ) )
951	ENDIF
952	ENDIF
953	IF ( do_sum ) CALL flow_statistics
954
955	!
956	!-- Sum-up 3d-arrays for later output of time-averaged 2d/3d/masked data
957	IF ( averaging_interval /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
958	( dt_data_output_av - time_do_av ) <= averaging_interval .AND. &
959	simulated_time >= skip_time_data_output_av ) &
960	THEN
961	time_do_sla = time_do_sla + dt_3d
962	IF ( time_do_sla >= dt_averaging_input ) THEN
963	CALL sum_up_3d_data
964	average_count_3d = average_count_3d + 1
965	time_do_sla = MOD( time_do_sla, MAX( dt_averaging_input, dt_3d ) )
966	ENDIF
967	ENDIF
968
969	!
970	!-- Calculate spectra for time averaging
971	IF ( averaging_interval_sp /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
972	( dt_dosp - time_dosp ) <= averaging_interval_sp .AND. &
973	simulated_time >= skip_time_dosp ) THEN
974	time_dosp_av = time_dosp_av + dt_3d
975	IF ( time_dosp_av >= dt_averaging_input_pr ) THEN
976	CALL calc_spectra
977	time_dosp_av = MOD( time_dosp_av, &
978	MAX( dt_averaging_input_pr, dt_3d ) )
979	ENDIF
980	ENDIF
981
982	!
983	!-- Computation and output of run control parameters.
984	!-- This is also done whenever perturbations have been imposed
985	IF ( time_run_control >= dt_run_control .OR. &
986	timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' .OR. disturbance_created ) &
987	THEN
988	CALL run_control
989	IF ( time_run_control >= dt_run_control ) THEN
990	time_run_control = MOD( time_run_control, &
991	MAX( dt_run_control, dt_3d ) )
992	ENDIF
993	ENDIF
994
995	!
996	!-- Profile output (ASCII) on file
997	IF ( time_dopr_listing >= dt_dopr_listing ) THEN
998	CALL print_1d
999	time_dopr_listing = MOD( time_dopr_listing, MAX( dt_dopr_listing, &
1000	dt_3d ) )
1001	ENDIF
1002
1003	!
1004	!-- Graphic output for PROFIL
1005	IF ( time_dopr >= dt_dopr ) THEN
1006	IF ( dopr_n /= 0 ) CALL data_output_profiles
1007	time_dopr = MOD( time_dopr, MAX( dt_dopr, dt_3d ) )
1008	time_dopr_av = 0.0_wp ! due to averaging (see above)
1009	ENDIF
1010
1011	!
1012	!-- Graphic output for time series
1013	IF ( time_dots >= dt_dots ) THEN
1014	CALL data_output_tseries
1015	time_dots = MOD( time_dots, MAX( dt_dots, dt_3d ) )
1016	ENDIF
1017
1018	!
1019	!-- Output of spectra (formatted for use with PROFIL), in case of no
1020	!-- time averaging, spectra has to be calculated before
1021	IF ( time_dosp >= dt_dosp ) THEN
1022	IF ( average_count_sp == 0 ) CALL calc_spectra
1023	CALL data_output_spectra
1024	time_dosp = MOD( time_dosp, MAX( dt_dosp, dt_3d ) )
1025	ENDIF
1026
1027	!
1028	!-- 2d-data output (cross-sections)
1029	IF ( time_do2d_xy >= dt_do2d_xy ) THEN
1030	CALL data_output_2d( 'xy', 0 )
1031	time_do2d_xy = MOD( time_do2d_xy, MAX( dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d ) )
1032	ENDIF
1033	IF ( time_do2d_xz >= dt_do2d_xz ) THEN
1034	CALL data_output_2d( 'xz', 0 )
1035	time_do2d_xz = MOD( time_do2d_xz, MAX( dt_do2d_xz, dt_3d ) )
1036	ENDIF
1037	IF ( time_do2d_yz >= dt_do2d_yz ) THEN
1038	CALL data_output_2d( 'yz', 0 )
1039	time_do2d_yz = MOD( time_do2d_yz, MAX( dt_do2d_yz, dt_3d ) )
1040	ENDIF
1041
1042	!
1043	!-- 3d-data output (volume data)
1044	IF ( time_do3d >= dt_do3d ) THEN
1045	CALL data_output_3d( 0 )
1046	time_do3d = MOD( time_do3d, MAX( dt_do3d, dt_3d ) )
1047	ENDIF
1048
1049	!
1050	!-- masked data output
1051	!-- Parallel netcdf output is not tested so far for masked data, hence
1052	!-- netcdf_data_format is switched back to non-paralell output.
1053	netcdf_data_format_save = netcdf_data_format
1054	IF ( netcdf_data_format == 5 ) netcdf_data_format = 3
1055	IF ( netcdf_data_format == 6 ) netcdf_data_format = 4
1056	DO mid = 1, masks
1057	IF ( time_domask(mid) >= dt_domask(mid) ) THEN
1058	CALL data_output_mask( 0 )
1059	time_domask(mid) = MOD( time_domask(mid), &
1060	MAX( dt_domask(mid), dt_3d ) )
1061	ENDIF
1062	ENDDO
1063	netcdf_data_format = netcdf_data_format_save
1064
1065	!
1066	!-- Output of time-averaged 2d/3d/masked data
1067	IF ( time_do_av >= dt_data_output_av ) THEN
1068	CALL average_3d_data
1069	CALL data_output_2d( 'xy', 1 )
1070	CALL data_output_2d( 'xz', 1 )
1071	CALL data_output_2d( 'yz', 1 )
1072	CALL data_output_3d( 1 )
1073	!-- Parallel netcdf output is not tested so far for masked data, hence
1074	!-- netcdf_data_format is switched back to non-paralell output.
1075	netcdf_data_format_save = netcdf_data_format
1076	IF ( netcdf_data_format == 5 ) netcdf_data_format = 3
1077	IF ( netcdf_data_format == 6 ) netcdf_data_format = 4
1078	DO mid = 1, masks
1079	CALL data_output_mask( 1 )
1080	ENDDO
1081	netcdf_data_format = netcdf_data_format_save
1082	time_do_av = MOD( time_do_av, MAX( dt_data_output_av, dt_3d ) )
1083	ENDIF
1084
1085	!
1086	!-- Output of particle time series
1087	IF ( particle_advection ) THEN
1088	IF ( time_dopts >= dt_dopts .OR. &
1089	( simulated_time >= particle_advection_start .AND. &
1090	first_call_lpm ) ) THEN
1091	CALL data_output_ptseries
1092	time_dopts = MOD( time_dopts, MAX( dt_dopts, dt_3d ) )
1093	ENDIF
1094	ENDIF
1095
1096	!
1097	!-- Output of dvrp-graphics (isosurface, particles, slicer)
1098	#if defined( __dvrp_graphics )
1099	CALL DVRP_LOG_EVENT( -2, current_timestep_number-1 )
1100	#endif
1101	IF ( time_dvrp >= dt_dvrp ) THEN
1102	CALL data_output_dvrp
1103	time_dvrp = MOD( time_dvrp, MAX( dt_dvrp, dt_3d ) )
1104	ENDIF
1105	#if defined( __dvrp_graphics )
1106	CALL DVRP_LOG_EVENT( 2, current_timestep_number )
1107	#endif
1108
1109	!
1110	!-- If required, set the heat flux for the next time step at a random value
1111	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. random_heatflux ) CALL disturb_heatflux
1112
1113	!
1114	!-- Execute user-defined actions
1115	CALL user_actions( 'after_timestep' )
1116
1117	!
1118	!-- Output elapsed simulated time in form of a progress bar on stdout
1119	IF ( myid == 0 ) CALL output_progress_bar
1120
1121	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(10), 'timesteps', 'stop' )
1122
1123
1124	ENDDO ! time loop
1125
1126	IF ( myid == 0 ) CALL finish_progress_bar
1127
1128	#if defined( __dvrp_graphics )
1129	CALL DVRP_LOG_EVENT( -2, current_timestep_number )
1130	#endif
1131
1132	CALL location_message( 'finished time-stepping', .TRUE. )
1133
1134	END SUBROUTINE time_integration

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