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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3994

Last change on this file since 3994 was 3987, checked in by kanani, 5 years ago
clean up location, debug and error messages
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 82.6 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z suehring $
27	! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping
28	!
29	! 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z suehring
30	! Remove unused variables
31	!
32	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
33	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not
34	! present.
35	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling
36	! parameters used for synthetic turbulence parametrization.
37	!
38	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
39	! Minor bugfix for last commit
40	!
41	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
42	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
43	!
44	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
45	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
46	!
47	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
48	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
49	! of additional debug messages
50	!
51	!
52	! removed unused variables
53	!
54	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
55	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
56	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
57	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
58	!
59	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
60	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
61	! when using wall/soil spinup)
62	!
63	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
64	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
65	! generator in case of topography
66	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
67	! nesting
68	!
69	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
70	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
71	!
72	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
73	! Fix for format descriptor
74	!
75	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
76	! - Revise structure of init routine
77	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
78	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
79	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
80	!
81	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
82	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
83	!
84	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
85	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
86	!
87	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
88	! Minor formating changes
89	!
90	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
91	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
92	!
93	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
94	! unused variables removed
95	!
96	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
97	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
98	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
99	!
100	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
101	! Rename variables and extend error message
102	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
103	!
104	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
105	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
106	! by dz(1)
107	!
108	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
109	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
110	!
111	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
112	! Error messages revised
113	!
114	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
115	! Add missing variable descriptions
116	!
117	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
118	! updated variable descriptions
119	!
120	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
121	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
122	!
123	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
124	! Remove unused module load
125	!
126	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
127	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
128	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
129	! the x- and y-dimension
130	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
131	!
132	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
133	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
134	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
135	!
136	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
137	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
138	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
139	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
140	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
141	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
142	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
143	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
144	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
145	!
146	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
147	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
148	!
149	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
150	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
151	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
152	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
153	! data
154	!
155	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
156	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
157	!
158	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
159	! Change in file header (GPL part)
160	!
161	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
162	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
163	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
164	!
165	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
166	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
167	! parameters during reading restart data
168	!
169	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
170	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
171	!
172	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
173	! Initial revision
174	!
175	!
176	!
177	! Authors:
178	! --------
179	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
180	!
181	!
182	!
183	! Description:
184	! ------------
185	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
186	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
187	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
188	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
189	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
190	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
191	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
192	!> within the boundary layer.
193	!>
194	!> @todo test restart
195	!> enable cyclic_fill
196	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
197	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
198	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
199	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
200	!> must match with current PALM grid.
201	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
202	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
203	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
204	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
205
206
207	USE arrays_3d, &
208	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
209
210	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
211	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
212
213	USE control_parameters, &
214	ONLY: debug_output_timestep, &
215	initializing_actions, &
216	message_string, &
217	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
218	syn_turb_gen
219
220	USE indices, &
221	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
222
223	USE kinds
224
225	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
226	USE MPI
227	#endif
228
229	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
230	ONLY: zi_ribulk
231
232	USE pegrid, &
233	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
234
235	USE transpose_indices, &
236	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
237
238
239	IMPLICIT NONE
240
241	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
242	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
243	#endif
244
245
246	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
247	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
248	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
249
250	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
251	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
252	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
253	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
254	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
255	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
256	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
257	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
258	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
259	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
260	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
261	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
262	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
263	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
264
265	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
268	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
269	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
270	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
271	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
273	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
274	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
279
280	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
281	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
282	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< mass flux correction factor
283	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
284	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
285	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
286	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
287	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
288
289
290	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
291	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
292	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
293	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
294	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
295	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
296
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
306
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
328
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
331
332	!
333	!-- PALM interfaces:
334	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
335	INTERFACE stg_adjust
336	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
337	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
338	!
339	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
340	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
341	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
342	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
343
344	!
345	!-- Calculate filter functions
346	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
347	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
348	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
349
350	!
351	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
352	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
353	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
354	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
355	!
356	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
357	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
358	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
359	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
360
361	!
362	!-- Output of information to the header file
363	INTERFACE stg_header
364	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
365	END INTERFACE stg_header
366
367	!
368	!-- Initialization actions
369	INTERFACE stg_init
370	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
371	END INTERFACE stg_init
372
373	!
374	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
375	INTERFACE stg_main
376	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
377	END INTERFACE stg_main
378
379	!
380	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
381	INTERFACE stg_parin
382	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
383	END INTERFACE stg_parin
384
385	!
386	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
387	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
388	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
389	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
390
391	!
392	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
393	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
394	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
395	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
396
397	SAVE
398
399	PRIVATE
400
401	!
402	!-- Public interfaces
403	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
404	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
405
406	!
407	!-- Public variables
408	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
409	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
410	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
411
412
413	CONTAINS
414
415
416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
417	! Description:
418	! ------------
419	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
421	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
422
423
424	USE control_parameters, &
425	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
426	turbulent_inflow
427
428	USE pmc_interface, &
429	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
430
431
432	IMPLICIT NONE
433
434	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
435	nesting_offline ) THEN
436	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
437	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
438	'in LES mode.'
439	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
440	ENDIF
441
442	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
443	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
444	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
445	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
446	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
447	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
448	ENDIF
449
450	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
451
452	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
453	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
454	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
455	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
456	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
457
458	ENDIF
459
460	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
461	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
462	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
463	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
464	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
465
466	ENDIF
467
468	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
469
470	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
471	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
472	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
473	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
474	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
475	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
476	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
477	ENDIF
478
479	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
480	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
481	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
482	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
483	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
484	ENDIF
485	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
486	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
487	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
488	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
489	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
490	ENDIF
491
492	ENDIF
493
494	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
495	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
496	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
497	'is not allowed'
498	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
499	ENDIF
500
501	ENDIF
502
503	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
504
505
506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
507	! Description:
508	! ------------
509	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
511	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
512
513
514	IMPLICIT NONE
515
516	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
517
518	!
519	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
520	WRITE( io, 1 )
521	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
522	WRITE( io, 2 )
523	ELSE
524	WRITE( io, 3 )
525	ENDIF
526
527	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
528	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
529	ELSE
530	WRITE( io, 5 )
531	ENDIF
532
533	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
534	' ------------------------------------------'/)
535	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
536	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
537	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
538	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
539
540	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
541
542
543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
544	! Description:
545	! ------------
546	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
548	SUBROUTINE stg_init
549
550
551	USE arrays_3d, &
552	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
553
554	USE control_parameters, &
555	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
556
557	USE grid_variables, &
558	ONLY: ddy
559
560	USE indices, &
561	ONLY: nz
562
563	USE pmc_interface, &
564	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
565
566
567	IMPLICIT NONE
568
569	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
570
571	#if defined( __parallel )
572	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
573	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
574	#endif
575
576	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
577	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
578	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
579	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
580	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
581	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
582	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
583
584	!
585	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
586	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
587	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
588	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
589	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
590	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
591	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
592	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
593	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
594	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
595	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
596	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
597	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
598
599
600	#if defined( __parallel )
601	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
602	#endif
603
604	#if defined( __parallel )
605	!
606	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
607	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
608	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
609	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
610
611	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
612	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
613
614	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
615	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
616	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
617	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
618	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
619
620	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
621	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
622	ENDIF
623
624	!
625	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
626	!-- velocity seeds
627	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
628	extent = 1 * realsize
629	!
630	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
631	!-- layer
632	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
633	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
634	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
635	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
636	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
637	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
638
639	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
640	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
641	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
642	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
643	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
644	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
645
646	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
647	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
648
649	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
650	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
651
652	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
653	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
654	ENDDO
655	!
656	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
657	!-- layer
658	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
659	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
660	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
661	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
662	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
663	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
664	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
665	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
666
667	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
668	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
669	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
670	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
671	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
672	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
673
674	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
675	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
676
677	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
678	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
679
680	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
681	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
682	ENDDO
683
684	ENDIF
685
686	#endif
687	!
688	!-- Define seed of random number
689	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
690	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
691	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
692	DO j = 1, nseed
693	seed(j) = startseed + j
694	ENDDO
695	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
696	!
697	!-- Allocate required arrays
698	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
699	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
700	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
701	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
702	ENDIF
703
704	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
705	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
706	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
707	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
708	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
709	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
710	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
711	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
712
713	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
714	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
715	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
716	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
717	!
718	!-- Read inflow profile
719	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
720	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
721	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
722	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
723	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
724	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
725
726	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
727
728	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
729	FORM='FORMATTED')
730	!
731	!-- Skip header
732	READ( 90, * )
733
734	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
735	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
736	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
737	d1, d2, d3, d5
738
739	!
740	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
741	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
742	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
743	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
744	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
745	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
746	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
747	!
748	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
749	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
750	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
751	nux(k) = nuy(k)
752	!
753	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
754	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
755	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
756	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
757	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
758	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
759	ENDIF
760	ENDDO
761	!
762	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
763	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
764	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
765	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
766	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
767	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
768	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
769
770	CLOSE( 90 )
771	!
772	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
773	!-- (Lund rotation)
774	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
775	!
776	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
777	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
778	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
779	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
780	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
781	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
782	ELSE
783	!
784	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
785	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
786	!
787	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
788	!-- scales
789	CALL calc_scaling_variables
790	!
791	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
792	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
793	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
794	!
795	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
796	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
797	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
798	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
799	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
800	!
801	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
802	!-- (Lund rotation)
803	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
804
805	ENDIF
806
807	!
808	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
809	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
810	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
811	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
812	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
813	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
814	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
815	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
816	ENDIF
817
818	!
819	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
820	merg = 0
821
822	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
823	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
824	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
825	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
826	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
827	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
828	ENDDO
829
830	merg = 2 * merg
831	mergp = merg + nbgp
832
833	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
834	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
835	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
836	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
837	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
838	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
839	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
840	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
841	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
842
843	!
844	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
845	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
846	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
847	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
848
849	!
850	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
851	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
852	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
853	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
854
855	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
856	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
857	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
858	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
859	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
860	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
861
862	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
863	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
864	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
865	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
866	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
867	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
868
869	!
870	!-- Create filter functions
871	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
872	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
873	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
874	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
875	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
876	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
877	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
878	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
879	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
880
881	#if defined( __parallel )
882	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
883	#endif
884
885	!
886	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
887	! time step.
888	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
889	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
890	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
891	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
892
893	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
894	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
895
896	DO j = nysg, nyng
897	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
898	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
899	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
900	ELSE
901	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
902	ENDIF
903
904	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
905	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
906	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
907	ELSE
908	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
909	ENDIF
910
911	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
912	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
913	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
914	ELSE
915	fw_yz = 0._wp
916	ENDIF
917
918	ENDDO
919	ENDDO
920	ENDIF
921
922	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
923
924	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
925	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
926
927	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
928	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
929
930	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
931	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
932	ELSE
933	fu_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
934	ENDIF
935
936	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
937	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
938	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
939	ELSE
940	fv_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
941	ENDIF
942
943	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
944	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
945	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
946	ELSE
947	fw_xz = 0._wp
948	ENDIF
949
950	ENDDO
951	ENDDO
952	ENDIF
953	ENDIF
954
955	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
956
957
958	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
959	! Description:
960	! ------------
961	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
962	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
963	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
964	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
965
966
967	IMPLICIT NONE
968
969	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
970	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
971	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
972	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
973
974	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
975	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
976
977	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
978
979	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
980
981
982	bxx = 0.0_wp
983
984	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
985	bdenom = 0.0_wp
986	n_k = nxx(k)
987	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
988	n_k2 = n_k * 2
989
990	!
991	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
992	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
993	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
994	ENDDO
995
996	!
997	!-- ( Eq.9 )
998	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
999	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
1000	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
1001	ENDDO
1002	ENDIF
1003	ENDDO
1004
1005	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
1006
1007
1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1009	! Description:
1010	! ------------
1011	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
1012	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1013	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
1014
1015
1016	IMPLICIT NONE
1017
1018	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1019
1020
1021	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
1022
1023	line = ' '
1024
1025	!
1026	!-- Try to find stg package
1027	REWIND ( 11 )
1028	line = ' '
1029	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
1030	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
1031	ENDDO
1032	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1033
1034	!
1035	!-- Read namelist
1036	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
1037
1038	!
1039	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
1040	!-- on
1041	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
1042	GOTO 20
1043
1044	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1045	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1046	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
1047
1048	20 CONTINUE
1049
1050	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
1051
1052
1053	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1054	! Description:
1055	! ------------
1056	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
1057	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1058	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
1059
1060
1061	USE control_parameters, &
1062	ONLY: length, restart_string
1063
1064
1065	IMPLICIT NONE
1066
1067	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
1068
1069
1070	found = .TRUE.
1071
1072
1073	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1074
1075	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
1076	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
1077	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1078	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1079
1080	CASE DEFAULT
1081
1082	found = .FALSE.
1083
1084	END SELECT
1085
1086
1087	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
1088
1089
1090	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1091	! Description:
1092	! ------------
1093	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1094	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1095	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1096
1097
1098	IMPLICIT NONE
1099
1100	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1101	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1102
1103	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1104	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1105
1106
1107	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1108
1109
1110	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1111	! Description:
1112	! ------------
1113	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1114	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1115	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1116	!> (Lund, 1998).
1117	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1118	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1119
1120
1121	USE arrays_3d, &
1122	ONLY: dzw
1123
1124	USE control_parameters, &
1125	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
1126	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
1127	volume_flow_initial
1128
1129	USE grid_variables, &
1130	ONLY: dx, dy
1131
1132	USE indices, &
1133	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1134
1135	USE pmc_interface, &
1136	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1137
1138
1139	IMPLICIT NONE
1140
1141	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1142	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1143	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1144
1145	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1146	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1147	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1148	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1149
1150
1151	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'start' )
1152	!
1153	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1154	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
1155	!
1156	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1157	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1158	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1159	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1160	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1161
1162	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1163	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1164	!
1165	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1166	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1167	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1168	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1169	!
1170	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1171	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1172	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1173	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1174	!
1175	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1176	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1177	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1178	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1179	ENDIF
1180	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1181	ENDIF
1182
1183	!
1184	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1185	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1186	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1187	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1188
1189	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1190	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1191	!
1192	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1193	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1194	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1195	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1196	!
1197	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1198	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1199	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1200	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1201	!
1202	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1203	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1204	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1205	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1206	ENDIF
1207
1208	!
1209	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1210	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1211
1212	DO j = nysg, nyng
1213	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1214	!
1215	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1216	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1217	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1218	ELSE
1219	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1220	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1221	ENDIF
1222
1223	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1224	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1225	ELSE
1226	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1227	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1228	ENDIF
1229
1230	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1231	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1232	ELSE
1233	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1234	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1235	ENDIF
1236	!
1237	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1238	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1239	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1240	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1241	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1242	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1243	ELSE
1244	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1245	!experimental test of 1.2
1246	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1247	* 1.2_wp ) &
1248	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1249	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1250	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1251	* 1.3_wp ) &
1252	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1253	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1254	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1255	ENDIF
1256
1257	ENDDO
1258	ENDDO
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1262	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1263	!-- inflow boundary
1264	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1265	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1266	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1267	DO j = nys, nyn
1268	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1269	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1270	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1271	ENDDO
1272	ENDDO
1273
1274	#if defined( __parallel )
1275	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1276	comm1dy, ierr )
1277	#else
1278	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1279	#endif
1280
1281	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1282
1283	!
1284	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1285	DO j = nysg, nyng
1286	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1287	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1288	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1289	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1290	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1291	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1292	ENDDO
1293	ENDDO
1294
1295	ELSE
1296	!
1297	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1298	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1299	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1300
1301	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1302	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1303	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1304	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1305	DO j = nys, nyn
1306	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1307	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1308	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1309	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1310
1311	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1312	* dzw(k) * dy &
1313	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1314	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1315	ENDDO
1316	ENDDO
1317	#if defined( __parallel )
1318	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1319	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1320	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1321	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1322	#else
1323	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1324	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1325	#endif
1326
1327	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1328
1329	!
1330	!-- Add disturbances
1331	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1332	DO j = nys, nyn
1333	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1334	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1335	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1336	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1337	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1338	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1339	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1340	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1341	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1342	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1343	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1344	ENDDO
1345	ENDDO
1346	ENDIF
1347	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1348	DO j = nys, nyn
1349	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1350	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1351	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1352	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1353	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1354	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1355	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1356	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1357	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1358	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1359	ENDDO
1360	ENDDO
1361	ENDIF
1362	ENDIF
1363
1364	ENDIF
1365	!
1366	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1367	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1368
1369	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1370	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1371	!
1372	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1373	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1374	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1375	ELSE
1376	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1377	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1378	ENDIF
1379
1380	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1381	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1382	ELSE
1383	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1384	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1385	ENDIF
1386
1387	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1388	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1389	ELSE
1390	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1391	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1392	ENDIF
1393	!
1394	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1395	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1396	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1397	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1398	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1399	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1400
1401	ELSE
1402	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1403	!experimental test of 1.2
1404	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1405	* 1.2_wp ) &
1406	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1407	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1408	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1409	* 1.3_wp ) &
1410	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1411	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1412	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1413	ENDIF
1414
1415	ENDDO
1416	ENDDO
1417
1418	!
1419	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1420	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1421	!-- inflow boundary.
1422	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1423	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1424	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1425
1426	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1427	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1428	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1429	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1430	DO i = nxl, nxr
1431	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1432	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1433	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1434	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1435
1436	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1437	* dzw(k) * dx &
1438	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1439	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1440	ENDDO
1441	ENDDO
1442	#if defined( __parallel )
1443	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1444	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1445	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1446	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1447	#else
1448	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1449	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1450	#endif
1451
1452	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1453
1454	!
1455	!-- Add disturbances
1456	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1457
1458	DO i = nxl, nxr
1459	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1460	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1461	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1462	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1463	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1464	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1465	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1466	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1467	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1468	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1469	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1470	ENDDO
1471	ENDDO
1472	ENDIF
1473	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1474
1475	DO i = nxl, nxr
1476	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1477	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1478	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1479	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1480	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1481	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1482	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1483	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1484	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1485	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1486	ENDDO
1487	ENDDO
1488	ENDIF
1489	ENDIF
1490	!
1491	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1492	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1493
1494	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'end' )
1495
1496	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1497
1498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1499	! Description:
1500	! ------------
1501	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1502	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1503	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1504	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1505	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1507	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1508
1509
1510	USE indices, &
1511	ONLY: ny
1512
1513	IMPLICIT NONE
1514
1515	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1516	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1517	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1518	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1519	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1520	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1521
1522	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1523	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1524	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1525	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1526
1527	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1528	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1529	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1530
1531	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1532	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1533	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1534	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1535	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1536
1537
1538	!
1539	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1540	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1541	!-- unit variance.
1542	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1543
1544	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1545	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1546	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1547
1548	DO j = 0, ny
1549	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1550	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1551	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1552	ENDDO
1553	ENDDO
1554
1555	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1556
1557	DO j = 0, ny
1558	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1559	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1560	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1561	ENDDO
1562	ENDDO
1563
1564	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1565
1566	DO j = 0, ny
1567	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1568	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1569	ENDDO
1570	ENDDO
1571
1572	!
1573	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1574	DO j = 0, ny
1575	DO k = 1, mergp
1576	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1577	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1578	ENDDO
1579	ENDDO
1580	DO j = 1, mergp
1581	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1582	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1583	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1584	ENDDO
1585	ENDDO
1586
1587	!
1588	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1589	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1590	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1591	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1592
1593	DO j = nysg, nyng
1594	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1595	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1596	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1597	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1598	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1599	ENDDO
1600	ENDDO
1601	ENDDO
1602	ENDDO
1603
1604	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1605	!
1606	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1607	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1608	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1609
1610	#if defined( __parallel )
1611	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1612	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1613	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1614	#else
1615	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1616	#endif
1617
1618
1619	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1625	! Description:
1626	! ------------
1627	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1628	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1629	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1630	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1631	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1632	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1633	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1634
1635
1636	USE indices, &
1637	ONLY: nx
1638
1639
1640	IMPLICIT NONE
1641
1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1644	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1645	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1646	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1647	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1648
1649	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1650	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1651	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1652	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1653
1654	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1655	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1656	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1657
1658	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1659	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1660	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1661	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1662	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1663
1664
1665	!
1666	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1667	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1668	!-- unit variance.
1669	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1670
1671	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1672	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1673	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1674
1675	DO i = 0, nx
1676	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1677	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1678	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1679	ENDDO
1680	ENDDO
1681
1682	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1683
1684	DO i = 0, nx
1685	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1686	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1687	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1688	ENDDO
1689	ENDDO
1690
1691	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1692
1693	DO i = 0, nx
1694	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1695	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1696	ENDDO
1697	ENDDO
1698
1699	!
1700	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1701	DO i = 0, nx
1702	DO k = 1, mergp
1703	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1704	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1705	ENDDO
1706	ENDDO
1707	DO i = 1, mergp
1708	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1709	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1710	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1711	ENDDO
1712	ENDDO
1713
1714	!
1715	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1716	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1717	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1718	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1719
1720	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1721	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1722	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1723	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1724	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1725	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1726	ENDDO
1727	ENDDO
1728	ENDDO
1729	ENDDO
1730
1731	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1732
1733	!
1734	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1735	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1736	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1737
1738
1739	#if defined( __parallel )
1740	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1741	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1742	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1743	#else
1744	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1745	#endif
1746
1747
1748	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1749
1750	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1751	! Description:
1752	! ------------
1753	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1754	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1755	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1756	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1757	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1758	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1759
1760	USE arrays_3d, &
1761	ONLY: zu
1762
1763	IMPLICIT NONE
1764
1765	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1766
1767	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1768
1769	!
1770	!--
1771	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1772
1773	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1774	!
1775	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1776	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1777	!
1778	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1779	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1780	!-- zero.
1781	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1782	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
1783	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1784	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1785	0.0_wp, &
1786	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1787	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1788	)
1789
1790	r22(k) = r11(k)
1791	!
1792	!-- w'w'
1793	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1794	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1795	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1796	)
1797	!
1798	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1799	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1800	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1801	)
1802
1803	r32(k) = r31(k)
1804	!
1805	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1806	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1807	r21(k) = r31(k)
1808	!
1809	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1810	ELSE
1811	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1812	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1813	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1814	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1815	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1816	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1817	ENDIF
1818	ENDDO
1819
1820	!
1821	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1822	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1823	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1824	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1825
1826	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1827	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1828	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1829
1830
1831	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1832
1833	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1834	! Description:
1835	! ------------
1836	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1837	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1838	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1839
1840	IMPLICIT NONE
1841
1842	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1843
1844	!
1845	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1846	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1847	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1848	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1849	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1850	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1851	ELSE
1852	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1853	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1854	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1855	ENDIF
1856	ENDDO
1857	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1858	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1859	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1860	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1861	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1862	ELSE
1863	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1864	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1865	ENDIF
1866	ENDDO
1867	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1868	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1869	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1870	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1871	ELSE
1872	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1873	ENDIF
1874	ENDDO
1875	!
1876	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1877	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1878	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1879	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1880	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1881	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1882	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1883
1884	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1885
1886	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1887	! Description:
1888	! ------------
1889	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1890	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1891	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1892	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1893
1894	IMPLICIT NONE
1895
1896
1897	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'start' )
1898	!
1899	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1900	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1901	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1902	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1903	!
1904	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1905	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1906	!
1907	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1908	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1909	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1910	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1911	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1912	!
1913	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1914	!-- (Lund rotation)
1915	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1916	!
1917	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1918	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1919	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1920	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1921	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1922	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1923	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1924	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1925	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1926	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1927	!
1928	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1929	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1930
1931	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'end' )
1932
1933	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1934
1935
1936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1937	! Description:
1938	! ------------
1939	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1940	!> from measurements.
1941	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1942	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1943
1944	USE arrays_3d, &
1945	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
1946
1947	USE grid_variables, &
1948	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1949
1950	IMPLICIT NONE
1951
1952
1953	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1954
1955	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1956
1957	!
1958	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1959	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1960	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1961	!
1962	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1963	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1964	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1965	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1966	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1967	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1968	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1969	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1970	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1971	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1972
1973	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1974
1975	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1976	!
1977	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1978	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1979	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1980	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1981	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1982	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1983	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1984	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1985	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1986	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1987	!
1988	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1989	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1990	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1991	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1992	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
1993	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1994	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1995	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1996	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1997	!
1998	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
1999	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
2000	!
2001	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
2002	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
2003	!-- computations power.
2004	ELSE
2005	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
2006	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
2007	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
2008	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
2009	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
2010	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
2011	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
2012	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
2013	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
2014
2015	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
2016	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
2017	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
2018	ENDIF
2019	ENDDO
2020	!
2021	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
2022	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
2023	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
2024	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
2025	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
2026	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
2027	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
2028	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
2029	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
2030	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
2031
2032	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
2033	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
2034	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
2035
2036
2037	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
2038
2039	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2040	! Description:
2041	! ------------
2042	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
2043	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
2044	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
2045	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2046	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2047
2048	USE arrays_3d, &
2049	ONLY: drho_air
2050
2051	USE indices, &
2052	ONLY: nx, ny
2053
2054	USE surface_mod, &
2055	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
2056
2057	IMPLICIT NONE
2058
2059	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
2060	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
2061	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
2062	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
2063
2064	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
2065	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
2066	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
2067	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
2068	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
2069	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
2070	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
2071
2072	!
2073	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and
2074	!-- near-surface temperature in the model domain.
2075	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2076	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2077	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
2078	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2079	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2080	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
2081	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
2082	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
2083	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
2084	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
2085	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
2086	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
2087	ENDDO
2088	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2089	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2090	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2091	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2092	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
2093	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
2094	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
2095	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
2096	ENDDO
2097	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2098	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
2099	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
2100	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
2101	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
2102	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
2103	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
2104	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
2105	ENDDO
2106
2107	#if defined( __parallel )
2108	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2109	comm2d, ierr )
2110	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2111	comm2d, ierr )
2112	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2113	comm2d, ierr )
2114	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2115	comm2d, ierr )
2116	#else
2117	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2118	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2119	scale_l = scale_l_l
2120	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
2121	#endif
2122
2123	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2124	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2125	scale_l = scale_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2126	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2127	!
2128	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2129	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2130	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2131	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2132	ELSE
2133	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2134	ENDIF
2135	!
2136	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2137	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2138	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2139	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2140
2141	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2142
2143	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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