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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3900

Last change on this file since 3900 was 3900, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Bugfixes in initialization and STG
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 85.0 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring $
27	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
28	!
29	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
30	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
31	!
32	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
33	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
34	! of additional debug messages
35	!
36	!
37	! removed unused variables
38	!
39	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
40	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
41	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
42	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
43	!
44	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
45	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
46	! when using wall/soil spinup)
47	!
48	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
49	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
50	! generator in case of topography
51	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
52	! nesting
53	!
54	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
55	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
56	!
57	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
58	! Fix for format descriptor
59	!
60	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
61	! - Revise structure of init routine
62	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
63	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
64	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
65	!
66	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
67	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
68	!
69	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
70	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
71	!
72	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
73	! Minor formating changes
74	!
75	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
76	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
77	!
78	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
79	! unused variables removed
80	!
81	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
82	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
83	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
84	!
85	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
86	! Rename variables and extend error message
87	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
88	!
89	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
90	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
91	! by dz(1)
92	!
93	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
94	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
95	!
96	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
97	! Error messages revised
98	!
99	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
100	! Add missing variable descriptions
101	!
102	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
103	! updated variable descriptions
104	!
105	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
106	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
107	!
108	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
109	! Remove unused module load
110	!
111	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
112	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
113	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
114	! the x- and y-dimension
115	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
116	!
117	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
118	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
119	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
120	!
121	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
122	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
123	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
124	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
125	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
126	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
127	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
128	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
129	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
130	!
131	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
132	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
133	!
134	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
135	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
136	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
137	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
138	! data
139	!
140	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
141	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
142	!
143	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
144	! Change in file header (GPL part)
145	!
146	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
147	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
148	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
149	!
150	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
151	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
152	! parameters during reading restart data
153	!
154	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
155	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
156	!
157	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
158	! Initial revision
159	!
160	!
161	!
162	! Authors:
163	! --------
164	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
165	!
166	!
167	!
168	! Description:
169	! ------------
170	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
171	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
172	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
173	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
174	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
175	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
176	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
177	!> within the boundary layer.
178	!>
179	!> @todo test restart
180	!> enable cyclic_fill
181	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
182	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
183	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
184	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
185	!> must match with current PALM grid.
186	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
187	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
188	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
189	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
190
191
192	USE arrays_3d, &
193	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
194
195	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
196	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
197
198	USE control_parameters, &
199	ONLY: debug_output, &
200	debug_string, &
201	initializing_actions, &
202	message_string, &
203	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
204	syn_turb_gen
205
206	USE indices, &
207	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
208
209	USE kinds
210
211	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
212	USE MPI
213	#endif
214
215	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
216	ONLY: zi_ribulk
217
218	USE pegrid, &
219	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
220
221	USE transpose_indices, &
222	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
223
224
225	IMPLICIT NONE
226
227	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
228	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
229	#endif
230
231
232	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
233	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
234	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
235
236	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
237	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
238	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
239	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
240	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
241	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
242	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
243	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
244	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
245	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
246	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
247	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
248	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
249	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
250
251	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
252	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
253	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
254	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
255	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
256	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
257	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
258	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
259	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
260	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
262	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
263	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
265
266	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
267	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
268	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
269	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
270	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
271	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
272	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
273	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
274	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
275
276
277	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
278	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
279	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
280	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
281	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
282	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
283
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
293
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
315
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
318
319	!
320	!-- PALM interfaces:
321	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
322	INTERFACE stg_adjust
323	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
324	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
325	!
326	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
327	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
328	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
329	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
330
331	!
332	!-- Calculate filter functions
333	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
334	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
335	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
336
337	!
338	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
339	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
340	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
341	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
342	!
343	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
344	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
345	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
346	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
347
348	!
349	!-- Output of information to the header file
350	INTERFACE stg_header
351	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
352	END INTERFACE stg_header
353
354	!
355	!-- Initialization actions
356	INTERFACE stg_init
357	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
358	END INTERFACE stg_init
359
360	!
361	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
362	INTERFACE stg_main
363	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
364	END INTERFACE stg_main
365
366	!
367	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
368	INTERFACE stg_parin
369	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
370	END INTERFACE stg_parin
371
372	!
373	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
374	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
375	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
376	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
377
378	!
379	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
380	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
381	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
382	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
383
384	SAVE
385
386	PRIVATE
387
388	!
389	!-- Public interfaces
390	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
391	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
392
393	!
394	!-- Public variables
395	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
396	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
397	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
398
399
400	CONTAINS
401
402
403	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
404	! Description:
405	! ------------
406	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
407	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
408	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
409
410
411	USE control_parameters, &
412	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
413	turbulent_inflow
414
415	USE pmc_interface, &
416	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
417
418
419	IMPLICIT NONE
420
421	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
422	nesting_offline ) THEN
423	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
424	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
425	'in LES mode.'
426	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
427	ENDIF
428
429	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
430	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
431	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
432	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
433	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
434	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
435	ENDIF
436
437	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
438
439	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
440	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
441	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
442	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
443	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
444
445	ENDIF
446
447	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
448	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
449	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
450	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
451	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
452
453	ENDIF
454
455	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
456
457	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
458	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
459	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
460	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
461	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
462	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
463	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
464	ENDIF
465
466	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
467	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
468	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
469	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
470	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
471	ENDIF
472	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
473	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
474	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
475	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
476	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
477	ENDIF
478
479	ENDIF
480
481	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
482	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
483	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
484	'is not allowed'
485	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
486	ENDIF
487
488	ENDIF
489
490	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
491
492
493	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
494	! Description:
495	! ------------
496	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
497	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
498	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
499
500
501	IMPLICIT NONE
502
503	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
504
505	!
506	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
507	WRITE( io, 1 )
508	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
509	WRITE( io, 2 )
510	ELSE
511	WRITE( io, 3 )
512	ENDIF
513
514	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
515	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
516	ELSE
517	WRITE( io, 5 )
518	ENDIF
519
520	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
521	' ------------------------------------------'/)
522	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
523	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
524	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
525	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
526
527	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
528
529
530	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
531	! Description:
532	! ------------
533	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
534	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
535	SUBROUTINE stg_init
536
537
538	USE arrays_3d, &
539	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
540
541	USE control_parameters, &
542	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
543
544	USE grid_variables, &
545	ONLY: ddy
546
547	USE indices, &
548	ONLY: nz
549
550	USE pmc_interface, &
551	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
552
553
554	IMPLICIT NONE
555
556	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
557
558	#if defined( __parallel )
559	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
560	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
561	#endif
562
563	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
564	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
565	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
566	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
567	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
568	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
569	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
570
571	!
572	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
573	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
574	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
575	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
576	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
577	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
578	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
579	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
580	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
581	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
582	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
583	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
584	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
585
586
587	#if defined( __parallel )
588	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
589	#endif
590
591	#if defined( __parallel )
592	!
593	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
594	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
595	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
596	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
597
598	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
599	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
600
601	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
602	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
603	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
604	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
605	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
606
607	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
608	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
609	ENDIF
610
611	!
612	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
613	!-- velocity seeds
614	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
615	extent = 1 * realsize
616	!
617	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
618	!-- layer
619	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
620	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
621	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
622	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
623	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
624	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
625
626	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
627	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
628	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
629	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
630	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
631	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
632
633	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
634	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
635
636	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
637	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
638
639	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
640	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
641	ENDDO
642	!
643	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
644	!-- layer
645	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
646	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
647	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
648	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
649	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
650	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
651	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
652	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
653
654	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
655	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
656	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
657	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
658	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
659	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
660
661	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
662	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
663
664	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
665	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
666
667	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
668	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
669	ENDDO
670
671	ENDIF
672
673	#endif
674	!
675	!-- Define seed of random number
676	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
677	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
678	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
679	DO j = 1, nseed
680	seed(j) = startseed + j
681	ENDDO
682	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
683	!
684	!-- Allocate required arrays
685	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
686	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
687	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
688	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
689	ENDIF
690
691	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
692	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
693	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
694	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
695	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
696	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
697	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
698	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
699
700	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
701	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
702	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
703	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
704	!
705	!-- Read inflow profile
706	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
707	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
708	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
709	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
710	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
711	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
712
713	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
714
715	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
716	FORM='FORMATTED')
717	!
718	!-- Skip header
719	READ( 90, * )
720
721	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
722	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
723	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
724	d1, d2, d3, d5
725
726	!
727	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
728	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
729	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
730	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
731	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
732	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
733	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
734	!
735	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
736	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
737	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
738	nux(k) = nuy(k)
739	!
740	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
741	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
742	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
743	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
744	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
745	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
746	ENDIF
747	ENDDO
748	!
749	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
750	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
751	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
752	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
753	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
754	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
755	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
756
757	CLOSE( 90 )
758	!
759	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
760	!-- (Lund rotation)
761	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
762	!
763	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
764	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
765	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
766	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
767	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
768	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
769	ELSE
770	!
771	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
772	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
773	!
774	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
775	!-- scales
776	CALL calc_scaling_variables
777	!
778	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
779	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
780	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
781	!
782	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
783	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
784	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
785	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
786	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
787	!
788	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
789	!-- (Lund rotation)
790	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
791
792	ENDIF
793
794	!
795	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
796	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
797	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
798	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
799	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
800	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
801	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
802	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
803	ENDIF
804
805	!
806	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
807	merg = 0
808
809	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
810	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
811	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
812	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
813	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
814	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
815	ENDDO
816
817	merg = 2 * merg
818	mergp = merg + nbgp
819
820	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
821	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
822	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
823	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
824	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
825	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
826	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
827	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
828	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
829
830	!
831	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
832	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
833	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
834	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
835
836	!
837	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
838	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
839	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
840	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
841
842	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
843	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
844	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
845	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
846	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
847	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
848
849	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
850	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
851	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
852	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
853	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
854	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
855
856	!
857	!-- Create filter functions
858	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
859	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
860	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
861	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
862	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
863	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
864	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
865	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
866	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
867
868	#if defined( __parallel )
869	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
870	#endif
871
872	!
873	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
874	! time step.
875	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
876	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
877	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
878	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
879
880	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
881	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
882
883	DO j = nysg, nyng
884	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
885
886	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
887	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
888	ELSE
889	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
890	ENDIF
891
892	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
893	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
894	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
895	ELSE
896	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
897	ENDIF
898
899	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
900	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
901	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
902	ELSE
903	fw_yz = 0._wp
904	ENDIF
905
906	ENDDO
907	ENDDO
908	ENDIF
909
910	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
911
912	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
913	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
914
915	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
916	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
917
918	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
919	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
920	ELSE
921	fu_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
922	ENDIF
923
924	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
925	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,i) - &
926	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
927	ELSE
928	fv_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
929	ENDIF
930
931	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
932	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,i) - &
933	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
934	ELSE
935	fw_xz = 0._wp
936	ENDIF
937
938	ENDDO
939	ENDDO
940	ENDIF
941	ENDIF
942
943	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
944
945
946	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
947	! Description:
948	! ------------
949	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
950	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
951	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
952	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
953
954
955	IMPLICIT NONE
956
957	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
958	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
959	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
960	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
961
962	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
963	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
964
965	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
966
967	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
968
969
970	bxx = 0.0_wp
971
972	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
973	bdenom = 0.0_wp
974	n_k = nxx(k)
975	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
976	n_k2 = n_k * 2
977
978	!
979	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
980	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
981	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
982	ENDDO
983
984	!
985	!-- ( Eq.9 )
986	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
987	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
988	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
989	ENDDO
990	ENDIF
991	ENDDO
992
993	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
994
995
996	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
997	! Description:
998	! ------------
999	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
1000	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1001	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
1002
1003
1004	IMPLICIT NONE
1005
1006	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1007
1008
1009	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
1010
1011	line = ' '
1012
1013	!
1014	!-- Try to find stg package
1015	REWIND ( 11 )
1016	line = ' '
1017	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
1018	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
1019	ENDDO
1020	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1021
1022	!
1023	!-- Read namelist
1024	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
1025
1026	!
1027	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
1028	!-- on
1029	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
1030	GOTO 20
1031
1032	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1033	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1034	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
1035
1036	20 CONTINUE
1037
1038	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
1039
1040
1041	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1042	! Description:
1043	! ------------
1044	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
1045	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1046	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
1047
1048
1049	USE control_parameters, &
1050	ONLY: length, restart_string
1051
1052
1053	IMPLICIT NONE
1054
1055	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
1056
1057
1058	found = .TRUE.
1059
1060
1061	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1062
1063	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
1064	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
1065	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1066	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1067
1068	CASE DEFAULT
1069
1070	found = .FALSE.
1071
1072	END SELECT
1073
1074
1075	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
1076
1077
1078	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1079	! Description:
1080	! ------------
1081	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1082	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1083	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1084
1085
1086	IMPLICIT NONE
1087
1088	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1089	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1090
1091	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1092	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1093
1094
1095	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1096
1097
1098	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1099	! Description:
1100	! ------------
1101	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1102	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1103	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1104	!> (Lund, 1998).
1105	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1106	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1107
1108
1109	USE arrays_3d, &
1110	ONLY: dzw
1111
1112	USE control_parameters, &
1113	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
1114	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
1115	volume_flow_initial
1116
1117	USE grid_variables, &
1118	ONLY: dx, dy
1119
1120	USE indices, &
1121	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1122
1123	USE pmc_interface, &
1124	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1125
1126
1127	IMPLICIT NONE
1128
1129	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1130	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1131	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1132
1133	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1134	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1135	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1136	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1137
1138	!
1139	!-- Debug location message
1140	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1141	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
1142	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
1143	ENDIF
1144	!
1145	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1146	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
1147	!
1148	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1149	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1150	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1151	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1152	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1153
1154	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1155	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1156	!
1157	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1158	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1159	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1160	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1161	!
1162	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1163	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1164	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1165	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1166	!
1167	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1168	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1169	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1170	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1171	ENDIF
1172	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1173	ENDIF
1174
1175	!
1176	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1177	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1178	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1179	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1180
1181	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1182	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1183	!
1184	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1185	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1186	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1187	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1188	!
1189	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1190	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1191	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1192	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1193	!
1194	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1195	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1196	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1197	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1198	ENDIF
1199
1200	!
1201	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1202	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1203
1204	DO j = nysg, nyng
1205	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1206	!
1207	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1208	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1209	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1210	ELSE
1211	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1212	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1213	ENDIF
1214
1215	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1216	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1217	ELSE
1218	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1219	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1220	ENDIF
1221
1222	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1223	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1224	ELSE
1225	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1226	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1227	ENDIF
1228	!
1229	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1230	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1231	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1232	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1233	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1234	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1235	ELSE
1236	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1237	!experimental test of 1.2
1238	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1239	* 1.2_wp ) &
1240	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1241	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1242	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1243	* 1.3_wp ) &
1244	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1245	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1246	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1247	ENDIF
1248
1249	ENDDO
1250	ENDDO
1251
1252	!
1253	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1254	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1255	!-- inflow boundary
1256	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1257	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1258	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1259	DO j = nys, nyn
1260	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1261	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1262	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1263	ENDDO
1264	ENDDO
1265
1266	#if defined( __parallel )
1267	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1268	comm1dy, ierr )
1269	#else
1270	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1271	#endif
1272
1273	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1274
1275	!
1276	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1277	DO j = nysg, nyng
1278	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1279	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1280	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1281	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1282	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1283	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1284	ENDDO
1285	ENDDO
1286
1287	ELSE
1288	!
1289	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1290	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1291	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1292
1293	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1294	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1295	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1296	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1297	DO j = nys, nyn
1298	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1299	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1300	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1301	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1302
1303	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1304	* dzw(k) * dy &
1305	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1306	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1307	ENDDO
1308	ENDDO
1309	#if defined( __parallel )
1310	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1311	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1312	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1313	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1314	#else
1315	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1316	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1317	#endif
1318
1319	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1320
1321	!
1322	!-- Add disturbances
1323	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1324	DO j = nys, nyn
1325	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1326	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1327	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1328	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1329	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1330	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1331	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1332	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1333	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1334	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1335	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1336	ENDDO
1337	ENDDO
1338	ENDIF
1339	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1340	DO j = nys, nyn
1341	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1342	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1343	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1344	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1345	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1346	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1347	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1348	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1349	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1350	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1351	ENDDO
1352	ENDDO
1353	ENDIF
1354	ENDIF
1355
1356	ENDIF
1357	!
1358	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1359	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1360
1361	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1362	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1363	!
1364	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1365	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1366	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1367	ELSE
1368	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1369	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1370	ENDIF
1371
1372	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1373	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1374	ELSE
1375	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1376	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1377	ENDIF
1378
1379	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1380	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1381	ELSE
1382	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1383	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1384	ENDIF
1385	!
1386	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1387	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1388	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1389	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1390	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1391	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1392
1393	ELSE
1394	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1395	!experimental test of 1.2
1396	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1397	* 1.2_wp ) &
1398	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1399	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1400	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1401	* 1.3_wp ) &
1402	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1403	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1404	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1405	ENDIF
1406
1407	ENDDO
1408	ENDDO
1409
1410	!
1411	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1412	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1413	!-- inflow boundary.
1414	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1415	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1416	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1417
1418	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1419	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1420	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1421	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1422	DO i = nxl, nxr
1423	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1424	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1425	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1426	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1427
1428	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1429	* dzw(k) * dx &
1430	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1431	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1432	ENDDO
1433	ENDDO
1434	#if defined( __parallel )
1435	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1436	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1437	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1438	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1439	#else
1440	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1441	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1442	#endif
1443
1444	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1445
1446	!
1447	!-- Add disturbances
1448	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1449
1450	DO i = nxl, nxr
1451	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1452	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1453	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1454	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1455	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1456	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1457	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1458	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1459	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1460	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1461	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1462	ENDDO
1463	ENDDO
1464	ENDIF
1465	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1466
1467	DO i = nxl, nxr
1468	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1469	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1470	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1471	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1472	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1473	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1474	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1475	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1476	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1477	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1478	ENDDO
1479	ENDDO
1480	ENDIF
1481	ENDIF
1482	!
1483	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1484	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1485	!
1486	!-- Debug location message
1487	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1488	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
1489	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1490	ENDIF
1491
1492	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1493
1494	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1495	! Description:
1496	! ------------
1497	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1498	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1499	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1500	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1501	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1503	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1504
1505
1506	USE indices, &
1507	ONLY: ny
1508
1509	IMPLICIT NONE
1510
1511	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1512	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1513	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1514	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1515	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1516	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1517
1518	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1519	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1520	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1521	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1522
1523	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1524	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1525	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1526
1527	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1528	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1529	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1530	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1531	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1532
1533
1534	!
1535	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1536	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1537	!-- unit variance.
1538	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1539
1540	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1541	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1542	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1543
1544	DO j = 0, ny
1545	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1546	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1547	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1548	ENDDO
1549	ENDDO
1550
1551	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1552
1553	DO j = 0, ny
1554	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1555	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1556	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1557	ENDDO
1558	ENDDO
1559
1560	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1561
1562	DO j = 0, ny
1563	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1564	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1565	ENDDO
1566	ENDDO
1567
1568	!
1569	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1570	DO j = 0, ny
1571	DO k = 1, mergp
1572	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1573	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1574	ENDDO
1575	ENDDO
1576	DO j = 1, mergp
1577	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1578	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1579	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1580	ENDDO
1581	ENDDO
1582
1583	!
1584	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1585	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1586	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1587	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1588
1589	DO j = nysg, nyng
1590	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1591	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1592	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1593	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1594	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1595	ENDDO
1596	ENDDO
1597	ENDDO
1598	ENDDO
1599
1600	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1601	!
1602	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1603	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1604	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1605
1606	#if defined( __parallel )
1607	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1608	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1609	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1610	#else
1611	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1612	#endif
1613
1614
1615	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1621	! Description:
1622	! ------------
1623	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1624	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1625	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1626	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1627	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1629	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1630
1631
1632	USE indices, &
1633	ONLY: nx
1634
1635
1636	IMPLICIT NONE
1637
1638	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1639	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1640	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1641	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1644
1645	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1646	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1647	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1648	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1649
1650	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1651	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1652	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1653
1654	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1655	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1656	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1657	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1658	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1659
1660
1661	!
1662	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1663	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1664	!-- unit variance.
1665	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1666
1667	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1668	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1669	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1670
1671	DO i = 0, nx
1672	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1673	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1674	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1675	ENDDO
1676	ENDDO
1677
1678	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1679
1680	DO i = 0, nx
1681	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1682	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1683	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1684	ENDDO
1685	ENDDO
1686
1687	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1688
1689	DO i = 0, nx
1690	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1691	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1692	ENDDO
1693	ENDDO
1694
1695	!
1696	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1697	DO i = 0, nx
1698	DO k = 1, mergp
1699	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1700	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1701	ENDDO
1702	ENDDO
1703	DO i = 1, mergp
1704	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1705	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1706	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1707	ENDDO
1708	ENDDO
1709
1710	!
1711	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1712	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1713	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1714	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1715
1716	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1717	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1718	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1719	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1720	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1721	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1722	ENDDO
1723	ENDDO
1724	ENDDO
1725	ENDDO
1726
1727	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1728
1729	!
1730	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1731	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1732	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1733
1734
1735	#if defined( __parallel )
1736	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1737	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1738	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1739	#else
1740	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1741	#endif
1742
1743
1744	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1745
1746	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1747	! Description:
1748	! ------------
1749	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1750	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1751	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1752	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1753	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1754	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1755
1756	USE arrays_3d, &
1757	ONLY: zu
1758
1759	IMPLICIT NONE
1760
1761	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1762
1763	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1764
1765	!
1766	!--
1767	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1768
1769	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1770	!
1771	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1772	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1773	!
1774	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1775	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1776	!-- zero.
1777	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1778	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
1779	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1780	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1781	0.0_wp, &
1782	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1783	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1784	)
1785
1786	r22(k) = r11(k)
1787	!
1788	!-- w'w'
1789	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1790	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1791	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1792	)
1793	!
1794	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1795	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1796	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1797	)
1798
1799	r32(k) = r31(k)
1800	!
1801	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1802	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1803	r21(k) = r31(k)
1804	!
1805	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1806	ELSE
1807	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1808	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1809	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1810	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1811	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1812	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1813	ENDIF
1814	ENDDO
1815
1816	!
1817	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1818	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1819	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1820	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1821
1822	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1823	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1824	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1825
1826
1827	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1828
1829	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1830	! Description:
1831	! ------------
1832	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1833	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1834	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1835
1836	IMPLICIT NONE
1837
1838	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1839
1840	!
1841	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1842	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1843	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1844	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1845	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1846	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1847	ELSE
1848	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1849	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1850	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1851	ENDIF
1852	ENDDO
1853	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1854	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1855	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1856	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1857	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1858	ELSE
1859	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1860	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1861	ENDIF
1862	ENDDO
1863	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1864	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1865	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1866	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1867	ELSE
1868	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1869	ENDIF
1870	ENDDO
1871	!
1872	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1873	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1874	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1875	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1876	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1877	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1878	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1879
1880	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1881
1882	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1883	! Description:
1884	! ------------
1885	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1886	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1887	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1888	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1889
1890	IMPLICIT NONE
1891
1892	!
1893	!-- Debug location message
1894	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1895	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
1896	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
1897	ENDIF
1898	!
1899	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1900	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1901	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1902	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1903	!
1904	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1905	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1906	!
1907	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1908	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1909	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1910	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1911	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1912	!
1913	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1914	!-- (Lund rotation)
1915	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1916	!
1917	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1918	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1919	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1920	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1921	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1922	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1923	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1924	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1925	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1926	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1927	!
1928	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1929	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1930	!
1931	!-- Debug location message
1932	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1933	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
1934	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1935	ENDIF
1936
1937	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1938
1939
1940	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1941	! Description:
1942	! ------------
1943	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1944	!> from measurements.
1945	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1946	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1947
1948	USE arrays_3d, &
1949	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
1950
1951	USE grid_variables, &
1952	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1953
1954	IMPLICIT NONE
1955
1956
1957	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1958
1959	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1960
1961	!
1962	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1963	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1964	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1965	!
1966	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1967	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1968	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1969	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1970	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1971	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1972	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1973	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1974	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1975	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1976
1977	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1978
1979	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1980	!
1981	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1982	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1983	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1984	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1985	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1986	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1987	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1988	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1989	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1990	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1991	!
1992	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1993	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1994	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1995	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1996	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
1997	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1998	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1999	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
2000	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
2001	!
2002	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
2003	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
2004	!
2005	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
2006	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
2007	!-- computations power.
2008	ELSE
2009	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
2010	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
2011	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
2012	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
2013	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
2014	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
2015	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
2016	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
2017	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
2018
2019	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
2020	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
2021	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
2022	ENDIF
2023	ENDDO
2024	!
2025	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
2026	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
2027	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
2028	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
2029	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
2030	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
2031	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
2032	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
2033	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
2034	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
2035
2036	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
2037	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
2038	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
2039
2040
2041	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
2042
2043	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2044	! Description:
2045	! ------------
2046	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
2047	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
2048	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
2049	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2050	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2051
2052
2053	USE control_parameters, &
2054	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
2055	pt_surface
2056
2057	USE indices, &
2058	ONLY: nx, ny
2059
2060	USE surface_mod, &
2061	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
2062
2063	IMPLICIT NONE
2064
2065	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
2066	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
2067	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
2068	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
2069	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
2070	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
2071
2072	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
2073	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
2074	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
2075	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
2076	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
2077	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
2078	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
2079	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
2080
2081	!
2082	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
2083	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
2084	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
2085	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
2086	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
2087	!-- This need to be revised later.
2088	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2089	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2090	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2091	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
2092	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
2093	ENDDO
2094	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2095	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
2096	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
2097	ENDDO
2098	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2099	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
2100	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
2101	ENDDO
2102
2103	#if defined( __parallel )
2104	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2105	comm2d, ierr )
2106	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2107	comm2d, ierr )
2108	#else
2109	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
2110	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2111	#endif
2112	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2113	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2114
2115	!
2116	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
2117	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
2118	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
2119	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
2120	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
2121	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height,
2122	!-- which is 10 m, according to the height of the 1st vertical grid level
2123	!-- in the COSMO level. However, in case of topography that is higher than
2124	!-- the reference level, the k index is determined from the 1st vertical
2125	!-- PALM grid level instead.
2126	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
2127	!-- COSMO vertical level.
2128	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
2129
2130	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2131	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
2132
2133	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
2134
2135	DO j = nys, nyn
2136	!
2137	!-- Determine the k index and topography top index
2138	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2139	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2140	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2141	!
2142	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
2143	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
2144	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
2145	!-- inflow profiles.
2146	u_int = MERGE( u(k,j,i+1), u(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
2147	v_int = v(k,j,i)
2148	!
2149	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
2150	!-- neutral condtions.
2151	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2152	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2153	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2154
2155	ENDDO
2156
2157	ENDIF
2158
2159	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
2160
2161	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
2162
2163	DO i = nxl, nxr
2164
2165	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2166	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2167	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2168
2169	u_int = u(k,j,i)
2170	v_int = MERGE( v(k,j+1,i), v(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
2171
2172	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2173	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2174	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2175
2176	ENDDO
2177
2178	ENDIF
2179
2180	#if defined( __parallel )
2181	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2182	comm2d, ierr )
2183	#else
2184	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2185	#endif
2186	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
2187
2188	!
2189	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
2190	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2191	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
2192	ELSE
2193	scale_l = 0.0_wp
2194	ENDIF
2195
2196	!
2197	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2198	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2199	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2200	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2201	ELSE
2202	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2203	ENDIF
2204	!
2205	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2206	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2207	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2208	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2209
2210	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2211
2212	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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