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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3890

Last change on this file since 3890 was 3885, checked in by kanani, 6 years ago
restructure/add location/debug messages
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 83.3 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z suehring $
27	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
28	! of additional debug messages
29	!
30	!
31	! removed unused variables
32	!
33	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
34	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
35	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
36	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
37	!
38	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
39	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
40	! when using wall/soil spinup)
41	!
42	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
43	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
44	! generator in case of topography
45	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
46	! nesting
47	!
48	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
49	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
50	!
51	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
52	! Fix for format descriptor
53	!
54	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
55	! - Revise structure of init routine
56	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
57	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
58	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
59	!
60	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
61	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
62	!
63	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
64	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
65	!
66	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
67	! Minor formating changes
68	!
69	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
70	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
71	!
72	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
73	! unused variables removed
74	!
75	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
76	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
77	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
78	!
79	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
80	! Rename variables and extend error message
81	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
82	!
83	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
84	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
85	! by dz(1)
86	!
87	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
88	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
89	!
90	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
91	! Error messages revised
92	!
93	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
94	! Add missing variable descriptions
95	!
96	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
97	! updated variable descriptions
98	!
99	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
100	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
101	!
102	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
103	! Remove unused module load
104	!
105	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
106	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
107	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
108	! the x- and y-dimension
109	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
110	!
111	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
112	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
113	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
114	!
115	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
116	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
117	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
118	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
119	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
120	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
121	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
122	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
123	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
124	!
125	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
126	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
127	!
128	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
129	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
130	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
131	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
132	! data
133	!
134	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
135	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
136	!
137	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
138	! Change in file header (GPL part)
139	!
140	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
141	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
142	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
143	!
144	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
145	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
146	! parameters during reading restart data
147	!
148	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
149	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
150	!
151	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
152	! Initial revision
153	!
154	!
155	!
156	! Authors:
157	! --------
158	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
159	!
160	!
161	!
162	! Description:
163	! ------------
164	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
165	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
166	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
167	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
168	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
169	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
170	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
171	!> within the boundary layer.
172	!>
173	!> @todo test restart
174	!> enable cyclic_fill
175	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
176	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
177	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
178	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
179	!> must match with current PALM grid.
180	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
181	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
182	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
183	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
184
185
186	USE arrays_3d, &
187	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
188
189	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
190	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
191
192	USE control_parameters, &
193	ONLY: debug_output, &
194	debug_string, &
195	initializing_actions, &
196	message_string, &
197	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
198	syn_turb_gen
199
200	USE indices, &
201	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
202
203	USE kinds
204
205	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
206	USE MPI
207	#endif
208
209	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
210	ONLY: zi_ribulk
211
212	USE pegrid, &
213	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
214
215	USE transpose_indices, &
216	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
217
218
219	IMPLICIT NONE
220
221	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
222	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
223	#endif
224
225
226	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
227	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
228	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
229
230	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
231	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
232	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
233	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
234	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
235	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
236	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
237	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
238	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
239	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
240	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
241	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
242	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
243	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
244
245	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
246	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
247	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
248	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
249	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
250	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
251	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
252	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
253	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
254	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
255	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
256	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
257	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
258	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
259
260	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
261	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
262	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
263	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
264	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
265	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
266	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
267	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
268	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
269
270
271	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
272	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
273	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
274	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
275	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
276	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
277
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
287
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
309
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
312
313	!
314	!-- PALM interfaces:
315	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
316	INTERFACE stg_adjust
317	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
318	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
319	!
320	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
321	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
322	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
323	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
324
325	!
326	!-- Calculate filter functions
327	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
328	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
329	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
330
331	!
332	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
333	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
334	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
335	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
336	!
337	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
338	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
339	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
340	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
341
342	!
343	!-- Output of information to the header file
344	INTERFACE stg_header
345	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
346	END INTERFACE stg_header
347
348	!
349	!-- Initialization actions
350	INTERFACE stg_init
351	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
352	END INTERFACE stg_init
353
354	!
355	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
356	INTERFACE stg_main
357	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
358	END INTERFACE stg_main
359
360	!
361	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
362	INTERFACE stg_parin
363	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
364	END INTERFACE stg_parin
365
366	!
367	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
368	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
369	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
370	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
371
372	!
373	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
374	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
375	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
376	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
377
378	SAVE
379
380	PRIVATE
381
382	!
383	!-- Public interfaces
384	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
385	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
386
387	!
388	!-- Public variables
389	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
390	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
391	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
392
393
394	CONTAINS
395
396
397	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
398	! Description:
399	! ------------
400	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
401	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
402	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
403
404
405	USE control_parameters, &
406	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
407	turbulent_inflow
408
409	USE pmc_interface, &
410	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
411
412
413	IMPLICIT NONE
414
415	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
416	nesting_offline ) THEN
417	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
418	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
419	'in LES mode.'
420	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
421	ENDIF
422
423	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
424	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
425	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
426	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
427	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
428	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
429	ENDIF
430
431	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
432
433	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
434	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
435	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
436	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
437	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
438
439	ENDIF
440
441	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
442	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
443	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
444	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
445	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
446
447	ENDIF
448
449	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
450
451	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
452	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
453	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
454	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
455	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
456	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
457	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
458	ENDIF
459
460	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
461	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
462	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
463	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
464	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
465	ENDIF
466	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
467	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
468	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
469	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
470	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
471	ENDIF
472
473	ENDIF
474
475	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
476	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
477	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
478	'is not allowed'
479	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
480	ENDIF
481
482	ENDIF
483
484	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
485
486
487	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
488	! Description:
489	! ------------
490	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
491	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
492	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
493
494
495	IMPLICIT NONE
496
497	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
498
499	!
500	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
501	WRITE( io, 1 )
502	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
503	WRITE( io, 2 )
504	ELSE
505	WRITE( io, 3 )
506	ENDIF
507
508	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
509	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
510	ELSE
511	WRITE( io, 5 )
512	ENDIF
513
514	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
515	' ------------------------------------------'/)
516	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
517	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
518	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
519	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
520
521	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
522
523
524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
525	! Description:
526	! ------------
527	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
528	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
529	SUBROUTINE stg_init
530
531
532	USE arrays_3d, &
533	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
534
535	USE control_parameters, &
536	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
537
538	USE grid_variables, &
539	ONLY: ddy
540
541	USE indices, &
542	ONLY: nz
543
544	USE pmc_interface, &
545	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
546
547
548	IMPLICIT NONE
549
550	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
551
552	#if defined( __parallel )
553	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
554	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
555	#endif
556
557	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
558	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
559	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
560	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
561	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
562	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
563	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
564
565	!
566	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
567	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
568	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
569	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
570	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
571	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
572	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
573	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
574	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
575	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
576	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
577	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
578	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
579
580
581	#if defined( __parallel )
582	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
583	#endif
584
585	#if defined( __parallel )
586	!
587	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
588	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
589	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
590	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
591
592	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
593	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
594
595	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
596	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
597	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
598	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
599	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
600
601	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
602	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
603	ENDIF
604
605	!
606	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
607	!-- velocity seeds
608	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
609	extent = 1 * realsize
610	!
611	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
612	!-- layer
613	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
614	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
615	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
616	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
617	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
618	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
619
620	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
621	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
622	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
623	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
624	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
625	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
626
627	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
628	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
629
630	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
631	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
632
633	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
634	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
635	ENDDO
636	!
637	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
638	!-- layer
639	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
640	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
641	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
642	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
643	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
644	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
645	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
646	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
647
648	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
649	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
650	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
651	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
652	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
653	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
654
655	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
656	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
657
658	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
659	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
660
661	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
662	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
663	ENDDO
664
665	ENDIF
666
667	#endif
668	!
669	!-- Define seed of random number
670	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
671	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
672	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
673	DO j = 1, nseed
674	seed(j) = startseed + j
675	ENDDO
676	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
677	!
678	!-- Allocate required arrays
679	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
680	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
681	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
682	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
683	ENDIF
684
685	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
686	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
687	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
688	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
689	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
690	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
691	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
692	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
693
694	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
695	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
696	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
697	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
698	!
699	!-- Read inflow profile
700	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
701	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
702	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
703	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
704	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
705	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
706
707	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
708
709	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
710	FORM='FORMATTED')
711	!
712	!-- Skip header
713	READ( 90, * )
714
715	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
716	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
717	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
718	d1, d2, d3, d5
719
720	!
721	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
722	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
723	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
724	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
725	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
726	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
727	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
728	!
729	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
730	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
731	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
732	nux(k) = nuy(k)
733	!
734	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
735	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
736	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
737	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
738	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
739	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
740	ENDIF
741	ENDDO
742	!
743	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
744	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
745	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
746	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
747	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
748	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
749	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
750
751	CLOSE( 90 )
752	!
753	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
754	!-- (Lund rotation)
755	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
756	!
757	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
758	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
759	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
760	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
761	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
762	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
763	ELSE
764	!
765	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
766	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
767	!
768	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
769	!-- scales
770	CALL calc_scaling_variables
771	!
772	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
773	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
774	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
775
776	ENDIF
777
778	!
779	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
780	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
781	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
782	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
783	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
784	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
785	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
786	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
787	ENDIF
788
789	!
790	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
791	merg = 0
792
793	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
794	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
795	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
796	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
797	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
798	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
799	ENDDO
800
801	merg = 2 * merg
802	mergp = merg + nbgp
803
804	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
805	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
806	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
807	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
808	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
809	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
810	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
811	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
812	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
813
814	!
815	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
816	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
817	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
818	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
819
820	!
821	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
822	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
823	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
824	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
825
826	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
827	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
828	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
829	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
830	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
831	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
832
833	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
834	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
835	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
836	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
837	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
838	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
839
840	!
841	!-- Create filter functions
842	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
843	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
844	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
845	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
846	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
847	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
848	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
849	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
850	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
851
852	#if defined( __parallel )
853	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
854	#endif
855
856	!
857	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
858	! time step.
859	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
860	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
861	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
862	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
863
864	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
865	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
866
867	DO j = nysg, nyng
868	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
869
870	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
871	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
872	ELSE
873	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
874	ENDIF
875
876	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
877	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
878	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
879	ELSE
880	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
881	ENDIF
882
883	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
884	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
885	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
886	ELSE
887	fw_yz = 0._wp
888	ENDIF
889
890	ENDDO
891	ENDDO
892	ENDIF
893	ENDIF
894
895	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
896
897
898	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
899	! Description:
900	! ------------
901	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
902	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
903	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
904	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
905
906
907	IMPLICIT NONE
908
909	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
910	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
911	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
912	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
913
914	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
915	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
916
917	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
918
919	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
920
921
922	bxx = 0.0_wp
923
924	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
925	bdenom = 0.0_wp
926	n_k = nxx(k)
927	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
928	n_k2 = n_k * 2
929
930	!
931	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
932	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
933	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
934	ENDDO
935
936	!
937	!-- ( Eq.9 )
938	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
939	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
940	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
941	ENDDO
942	ENDIF
943	ENDDO
944
945	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
946
947
948	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
949	! Description:
950	! ------------
951	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
952	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
953	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
954
955
956	IMPLICIT NONE
957
958	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
959
960
961	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
962
963	line = ' '
964
965	!
966	!-- Try to find stg package
967	REWIND ( 11 )
968	line = ' '
969	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
970	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
971	ENDDO
972	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
973
974	!
975	!-- Read namelist
976	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
977
978	!
979	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
980	!-- on
981	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
982	GOTO 20
983
984	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
985	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
986	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
987
988	20 CONTINUE
989
990	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
991
992
993	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
994	! Description:
995	! ------------
996	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
997	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
998	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
999
1000
1001	USE control_parameters, &
1002	ONLY: length, restart_string
1003
1004
1005	IMPLICIT NONE
1006
1007	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
1008
1009
1010	found = .TRUE.
1011
1012
1013	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1014
1015	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
1016	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
1017	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1018	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1019
1020	CASE DEFAULT
1021
1022	found = .FALSE.
1023
1024	END SELECT
1025
1026
1027	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
1028
1029
1030	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1031	! Description:
1032	! ------------
1033	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1034	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1035	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1036
1037
1038	IMPLICIT NONE
1039
1040	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1041	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1042
1043	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1044	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1045
1046
1047	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1048
1049
1050	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1051	! Description:
1052	! ------------
1053	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1054	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1055	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1056	!> (Lund, 1998).
1057	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1058	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1059
1060
1061	USE arrays_3d, &
1062	ONLY: dzw
1063
1064	USE control_parameters, &
1065	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
1066	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
1067	volume_flow_initial
1068
1069	USE grid_variables, &
1070	ONLY: dx, dy
1071
1072	USE indices, &
1073	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1074
1075	USE pmc_interface, &
1076	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1077
1078
1079	IMPLICIT NONE
1080
1081	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1084
1085	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1086	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1087	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1088	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1089
1090	!
1091	!-- Debug location message
1092	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1093	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
1094	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
1095	ENDIF
1096	!
1097	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1098	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
1099	!
1100	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1101	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1102	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1103	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1104	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1105
1106	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1107	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1108	!
1109	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1110	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1111	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1112	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1113	!
1114	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1115	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1116	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1117	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1118	!
1119	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1120	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1121	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1122	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1123	ENDIF
1124	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1125	ENDIF
1126
1127	!
1128	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1129	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1130	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1131	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1132
1133	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1134	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1135	!
1136	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1137	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1138	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1139	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1140	!
1141	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1142	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1143	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1144	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1145	!
1146	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1147	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1148	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1149	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1150	ENDIF
1151
1152	!
1153	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1154	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1155
1156	DO j = nysg, nyng
1157	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1158	!
1159	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1160	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1161	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1162	ELSE
1163	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1164	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1165	ENDIF
1166
1167	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1168	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1169	ELSE
1170	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1171	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1172	ENDIF
1173
1174	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1175	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1176	ELSE
1177	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1178	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1179	ENDIF
1180	!
1181	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1182	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1183	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1184	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1185	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1186	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1187	ELSE
1188	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1189	!experimental test of 1.2
1190	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1191	* 1.2_wp ) &
1192	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1193	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1194	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1195	* 1.3_wp ) &
1196	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1197	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1198	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1199	ENDIF
1200
1201	ENDDO
1202	ENDDO
1203
1204	!
1205	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1206	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1207	!-- inflow boundary
1208	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1209	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1210	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1211	DO j = nys, nyn
1212	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1213	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1214	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1215	ENDDO
1216	ENDDO
1217
1218	#if defined( __parallel )
1219	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1220	comm1dy, ierr )
1221	#else
1222	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1223	#endif
1224
1225	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1226
1227	!
1228	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1229	DO j = nysg, nyng
1230	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1231	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1232	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1233	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1234	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1235	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1236	ENDDO
1237	ENDDO
1238
1239	ELSE
1240	!
1241	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1242	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1243	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1244
1245	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1246	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1247	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1248	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1249	DO j = nys, nyn
1250	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1251	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1252	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1253	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1254
1255	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1256	* dzw(k) * dy &
1257	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1258	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1259	ENDDO
1260	ENDDO
1261	#if defined( __parallel )
1262	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1263	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1264	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1265	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1266	#else
1267	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1268	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1269	#endif
1270
1271	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1272
1273	!
1274	!-- Add disturbances
1275	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1276	DO j = nys, nyn
1277	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1278	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1279	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1280	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1281	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1282	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1283	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1284	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1285	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1286	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1287	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1288	ENDDO
1289	ENDDO
1290	ENDIF
1291	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1292	DO j = nys, nyn
1293	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1294	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1295	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1296	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1297	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1298	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1299	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1300	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1301	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1302	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1303	ENDDO
1304	ENDDO
1305	ENDIF
1306	ENDIF
1307
1308	ENDIF
1309	!
1310	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1311	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1312
1313	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1314	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1315	!
1316	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1317	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1318	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1319	ELSE
1320	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1321	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1322	ENDIF
1323
1324	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1325	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1326	ELSE
1327	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1328	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1329	ENDIF
1330
1331	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1332	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1333	ELSE
1334	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1335	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1336	ENDIF
1337	!
1338	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1339	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1340	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1341	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1342	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1343	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1344
1345	ELSE
1346	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1347	!experimental test of 1.2
1348	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1349	* 1.2_wp ) &
1350	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1351	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1352	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1353	* 1.3_wp ) &
1354	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1355	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1356	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1357	ENDIF
1358
1359	ENDDO
1360	ENDDO
1361
1362	!
1363	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1364	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1365	!-- inflow boundary.
1366	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1367	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1368	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1369
1370	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1371	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1372	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1373	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1374	DO i = nxl, nxr
1375	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1376	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1377	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1378	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1379
1380	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1381	* dzw(k) * dx &
1382	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1383	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1384	ENDDO
1385	ENDDO
1386	#if defined( __parallel )
1387	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1388	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1389	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1390	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1391	#else
1392	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1393	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1394	#endif
1395
1396	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1397
1398	!
1399	!-- Add disturbances
1400	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1401
1402	DO i = nxl, nxr
1403	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1404	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1405	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1406	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1407	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1408	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1409	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1410	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1411	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1412	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1413	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1414	ENDDO
1415	ENDDO
1416	ENDIF
1417	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1418
1419	DO i = nxl, nxr
1420	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1421	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1422	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1423	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1424	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1425	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1426	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1427	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1428	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1429	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1430	ENDDO
1431	ENDDO
1432	ENDIF
1433	ENDIF
1434	!
1435	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1436	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1437	!
1438	!-- Debug location message
1439	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1440	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
1441	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1442	ENDIF
1443
1444	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1445
1446	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1447	! Description:
1448	! ------------
1449	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1450	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1451	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1452	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1453	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1454	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1455	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1456
1457
1458	USE indices, &
1459	ONLY: ny
1460
1461	IMPLICIT NONE
1462
1463	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1464	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1465	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1466	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1467	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1468	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1469
1470	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1471	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1472	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1473	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1474
1475	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1476	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1477	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1478
1479	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1480	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1481	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1482	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1483	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1484
1485
1486	!
1487	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1488	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1489	!-- unit variance.
1490	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1491
1492	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1493	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1494	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1495
1496	DO j = 0, ny
1497	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1498	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1499	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1500	ENDDO
1501	ENDDO
1502
1503	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1504
1505	DO j = 0, ny
1506	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1507	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1508	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1509	ENDDO
1510	ENDDO
1511
1512	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1513
1514	DO j = 0, ny
1515	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1516	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1517	ENDDO
1518	ENDDO
1519
1520	!
1521	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1522	DO j = 0, ny
1523	DO k = 1, mergp
1524	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1525	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1526	ENDDO
1527	ENDDO
1528	DO j = 1, mergp
1529	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1530	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1531	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1532	ENDDO
1533	ENDDO
1534
1535	!
1536	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1537	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1538	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1539	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1540
1541	DO j = nysg, nyng
1542	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1543	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1544	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1545	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1546	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1547	ENDDO
1548	ENDDO
1549	ENDDO
1550	ENDDO
1551
1552	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1553	!
1554	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1555	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1556	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1557
1558	#if defined( __parallel )
1559	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1560	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1561	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1562	#else
1563	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1564	#endif
1565
1566
1567	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1573	! Description:
1574	! ------------
1575	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1576	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1577	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1578	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1579	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1580	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1581	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1582
1583
1584	USE indices, &
1585	ONLY: nx
1586
1587
1588	IMPLICIT NONE
1589
1590	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1591	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1592	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1593	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1594	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1595	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1596
1597	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1598	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1599	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1600	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1601
1602	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1603	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1604	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1605
1606	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1607	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1608	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1609	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1610	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1611
1612
1613	!
1614	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1615	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1616	!-- unit variance.
1617	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1618
1619	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1620	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1621	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1622
1623	DO i = 0, nx
1624	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1625	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1626	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1627	ENDDO
1628	ENDDO
1629
1630	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1631
1632	DO i = 0, nx
1633	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1634	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1635	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1636	ENDDO
1637	ENDDO
1638
1639	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1640
1641	DO i = 0, nx
1642	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1643	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1644	ENDDO
1645	ENDDO
1646
1647	!
1648	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1649	DO i = 0, nx
1650	DO k = 1, mergp
1651	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1652	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1653	ENDDO
1654	ENDDO
1655	DO i = 1, mergp
1656	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1657	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1658	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1659	ENDDO
1660	ENDDO
1661
1662	!
1663	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1664	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1665	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1666	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1667
1668	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1669	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1670	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1671	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1672	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1673	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1674	ENDDO
1675	ENDDO
1676	ENDDO
1677	ENDDO
1678
1679	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1680
1681	!
1682	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1683	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1684	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1685
1686
1687	#if defined( __parallel )
1688	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1689	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1690	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1691	#else
1692	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1693	#endif
1694
1695
1696	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1697
1698	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1699	! Description:
1700	! ------------
1701	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1702	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1703	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1704	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1705	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1706	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1707
1708	USE arrays_3d, &
1709	ONLY: zu
1710
1711	IMPLICIT NONE
1712
1713	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1714
1715	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1716
1717	!
1718	!--
1719	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1720
1721	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1722	!
1723	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1724	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1725	!
1726	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1727	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1728	!-- zero.
1729	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1730	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
1731	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1732	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1733	0.0_wp, &
1734	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1735	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1736	)
1737
1738	r22(k) = r11(k)
1739	!
1740	!-- w'w'
1741	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1742	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1743	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1744	)
1745	!
1746	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1747	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1748	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1749	)
1750
1751	r32(k) = r31(k)
1752	!
1753	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1754	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1755	r21(k) = r31(k)
1756	!
1757	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1758	ELSE
1759	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1760	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1761	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1762	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1763	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1764	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1765	ENDIF
1766	ENDDO
1767
1768	!
1769	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1770	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1771	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1772	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1773
1774	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1775	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1776	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1777
1778
1779	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1780
1781	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1782	! Description:
1783	! ------------
1784	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1785	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1786	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1787
1788	IMPLICIT NONE
1789
1790	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1791
1792	!
1793	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1794	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1795	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1796	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1797	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1798	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1799	ELSE
1800	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1801	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1802	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1803	ENDIF
1804	ENDDO
1805	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1806	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1807	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1808	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1809	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1810	ELSE
1811	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1812	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1813	ENDIF
1814	ENDDO
1815	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1816	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1817	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1818	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1819	ELSE
1820	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1821	ENDIF
1822	ENDDO
1823	!
1824	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1825	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1826	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1827	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1828	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1829	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1830	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1831
1832	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1833
1834	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1835	! Description:
1836	! ------------
1837	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1838	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1839	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1840	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1841
1842	IMPLICIT NONE
1843
1844	!
1845	!-- Debug location message
1846	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1847	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
1848	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
1849	ENDIF
1850	!
1851	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1852	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1853	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1854	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1855	!
1856	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1857	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1858	!
1859	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1860	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1861	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1862	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1863	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1864	!
1865	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1866	!-- (Lund rotation)
1867	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1868	!
1869	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1870	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1871	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1872	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1873	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1874	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1875	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1876	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1877	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1878	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1879	!
1880	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1881	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1882	!
1883	!-- Debug location message
1884	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1885	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
1886	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1887	ENDIF
1888
1889	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1890
1891
1892	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1893	! Description:
1894	! ------------
1895	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1896	!> from measurements.
1897	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1898	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1899
1900	USE arrays_3d, &
1901	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
1902
1903	USE grid_variables, &
1904	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1905
1906	IMPLICIT NONE
1907
1908
1909	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1910
1911	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1912
1913	!
1914	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1915	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1916	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1917	!
1918	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1919	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1920	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1921	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1922	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1923	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1924	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1925	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1926	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1927	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1928
1929	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1930
1931	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1932	!
1933	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1934	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1935	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1936	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1937	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1938	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1939	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1940	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1941	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1942	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1943	!
1944	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1945	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1946	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1947	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1948	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
1949	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1950	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1951	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1952	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1953	!
1954	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
1955	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
1956	!
1957	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
1958	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
1959	!-- computations power.
1960	ELSE
1961	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
1962	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
1963	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
1964	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
1965	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
1966	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
1967	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
1968	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
1969	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
1970
1971	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
1972	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
1973	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
1974	ENDIF
1975	ENDDO
1976	!
1977	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
1978	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
1979	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
1980	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
1981	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
1982	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
1983	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
1984	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
1985	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
1986	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
1987
1988	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
1989	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
1990	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
1991
1992
1993	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1994
1995	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1996	! Description:
1997	! ------------
1998	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
1999	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
2000	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
2001	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2002	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2003
2004
2005	USE control_parameters, &
2006	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
2007	pt_surface
2008
2009	USE indices, &
2010	ONLY: nx, ny
2011
2012	USE surface_mod, &
2013	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
2014
2015	IMPLICIT NONE
2016
2017	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
2018	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
2019	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
2020	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
2021	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
2022	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
2023
2024	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
2025	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
2026	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
2027	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
2028	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
2029	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
2030	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
2031	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
2032
2033	!
2034	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
2035	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
2036	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
2037	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
2038	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
2039	!-- This need to be revised later.
2040	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2041	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2042	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2043	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
2044	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
2045	ENDDO
2046	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2047	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
2048	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
2049	ENDDO
2050	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2051	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
2052	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
2053	ENDDO
2054
2055	#if defined( __parallel )
2056	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2057	comm2d, ierr )
2058	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2059	comm2d, ierr )
2060	#else
2061	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
2062	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2063	#endif
2064	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2065	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2066
2067	!
2068	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
2069	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
2070	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
2071	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
2072	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
2073	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height,
2074	!-- which is 10 m, according to the height of the 1st vertical grid level
2075	!-- in the COSMO level. However, in case of topography that is higher than
2076	!-- the reference level, the k index is determined from the 1st vertical
2077	!-- PALM grid level instead.
2078	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
2079	!-- COSMO vertical level.
2080	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
2081
2082	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2083	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
2084
2085	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
2086
2087	DO j = nys, nyn
2088	!
2089	!-- Determine the k index and topography top index
2090	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2091	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2092	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2093	!
2094	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
2095	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
2096	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
2097	!-- inflow profiles.
2098	u_int = MERGE( u(k,j,i+1), u(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
2099	v_int = v(k,j,i)
2100	!
2101	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
2102	!-- neutral condtions.
2103	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2104	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2105	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2106
2107	ENDDO
2108
2109	ENDIF
2110
2111	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
2112
2113	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
2114
2115	DO i = nxl, nxr
2116
2117	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2118	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2119	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2120
2121	u_int = u(k,j,i)
2122	v_int = MERGE( v(k,j+1,i), v(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
2123
2124	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2125	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2126	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2127
2128	ENDDO
2129
2130	ENDIF
2131
2132	#if defined( __parallel )
2133	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2134	comm2d, ierr )
2135	#else
2136	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2137	#endif
2138	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
2139
2140	!
2141	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
2142	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2143	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
2144	ELSE
2145	scale_l = 0.0_wp
2146	ENDIF
2147
2148	!
2149	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2150	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2151	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2152	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2153	ELSE
2154	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2155	ENDIF
2156	!
2157	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2158	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2159	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2160	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2161
2162	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2163
2164	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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