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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3874

Last change on this file since 3874 was 3775, checked in by gronemeier, 6 years ago
removed unused variables
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 82.3 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3775 2019-03-04 12:40:20Z knoop $
27	! removed unused variables
28	!
29	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
30	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
31	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
32	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
33	!
34	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
35	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
36	! when using wall/soil spinup)
37	!
38	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
39	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
40	! generator in case of topography
41	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
42	! nesting
43	!
44	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
45	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
46	!
47	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
48	! Fix for format descriptor
49	!
50	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
51	! - Revise structure of init routine
52	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
53	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
54	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
55	!
56	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
57	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
58	!
59	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
60	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
61	!
62	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
63	! Minor formating changes
64	!
65	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
66	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
67	!
68	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
69	! unused variables removed
70	!
71	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
72	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
73	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
74	!
75	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
76	! Rename variables and extend error message
77	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
78	!
79	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
80	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
81	! by dz(1)
82	!
83	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
84	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
85	!
86	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
87	! Error messages revised
88	!
89	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
90	! Add missing variable descriptions
91	!
92	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
93	! updated variable descriptions
94	!
95	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
96	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
97	!
98	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
99	! Remove unused module load
100	!
101	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
102	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
103	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
104	! the x- and y-dimension
105	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
106	!
107	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
108	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
109	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
110	!
111	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
112	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
113	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
114	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
115	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
116	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
117	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
118	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
119	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
120	!
121	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
122	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
123	!
124	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
125	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
126	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
127	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
128	! data
129	!
130	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
131	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
132	!
133	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
134	! Change in file header (GPL part)
135	!
136	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
137	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
138	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
139	!
140	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
141	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
142	! parameters during reading restart data
143	!
144	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
145	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
146	!
147	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
148	! Initial revision
149	!
150	!
151	!
152	! Authors:
153	! --------
154	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
155	!
156	!
157	!
158	! Description:
159	! ------------
160	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
161	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
162	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
163	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
164	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
165	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
166	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
167	!> within the boundary layer.
168	!>
169	!> @todo test restart
170	!> enable cyclic_fill
171	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
172	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
173	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
174	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
175	!> must match with current PALM grid.
176	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
177	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
178	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
179	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
180
181
182	USE arrays_3d, &
183	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
184
185	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
186	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
187
188	USE control_parameters, &
189	ONLY: initializing_actions, num_mean_inflow_profiles, message_string, &
190	syn_turb_gen
191
192	USE indices, &
193	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
194
195	USE kinds
196
197	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
198	USE MPI
199	#endif
200
201	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
202	ONLY: zi_ribulk
203
204	USE pegrid, &
205	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
206
207	USE transpose_indices, &
208	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
209
210
211	IMPLICIT NONE
212
213	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
214	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
215	#endif
216
217
218	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
219	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
220	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
221
222	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
223	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
225	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
226	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
227	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
228	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
229	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
230	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
231	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
232	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
233	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
234	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
235	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
236
237	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
239	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
240	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
241	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
242	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
243	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
244	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
245	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
246	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
247	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
248	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
249	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
250	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
251
252	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
253	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
254	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
255	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
256	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
257	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
258	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
259	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
260	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
261
262
263	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
264	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
265	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
266	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
267	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
268	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
269
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
279
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
301
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
304
305	!
306	!-- PALM interfaces:
307	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
308	INTERFACE stg_adjust
309	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
310	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
311	!
312	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
313	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
314	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
315	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
316
317	!
318	!-- Calculate filter functions
319	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
320	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
321	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
322
323	!
324	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
325	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
326	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
327	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
328	!
329	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
330	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
331	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
332	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
333
334	!
335	!-- Output of information to the header file
336	INTERFACE stg_header
337	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
338	END INTERFACE stg_header
339
340	!
341	!-- Initialization actions
342	INTERFACE stg_init
343	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
344	END INTERFACE stg_init
345
346	!
347	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
348	INTERFACE stg_main
349	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
350	END INTERFACE stg_main
351
352	!
353	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
354	INTERFACE stg_parin
355	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
356	END INTERFACE stg_parin
357
358	!
359	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
360	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
361	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
362	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
363
364	!
365	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
366	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
367	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
368	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
369
370	SAVE
371
372	PRIVATE
373
374	!
375	!-- Public interfaces
376	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
377	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
378
379	!
380	!-- Public variables
381	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
382	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
383	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
384
385
386	CONTAINS
387
388
389	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
390	! Description:
391	! ------------
392	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
393	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
394	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
395
396
397	USE control_parameters, &
398	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
399	turbulent_inflow
400
401	USE pmc_interface, &
402	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
403
404
405	IMPLICIT NONE
406
407	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
408	nesting_offline ) THEN
409	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
410	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
411	'in LES mode.'
412	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
413	ENDIF
414
415	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
416	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
417	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
418	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
419	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
420	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
421	ENDIF
422
423	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
424
425	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
426	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
427	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
428	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
429	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
430
431	ENDIF
432
433	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
434	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
435	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
436	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
437	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
438
439	ENDIF
440
441	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
442
443	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
444	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
445	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
446	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
447	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
448	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
449	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
450	ENDIF
451
452	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
453	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
454	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
455	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
456	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
457	ENDIF
458	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
459	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
460	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
461	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
462	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
463	ENDIF
464
465	ENDIF
466
467	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
468	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
469	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
470	'is not allowed'
471	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
472	ENDIF
473
474	ENDIF
475
476	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
477
478
479	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
480	! Description:
481	! ------------
482	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
483	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
484	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
485
486
487	IMPLICIT NONE
488
489	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
490
491	!
492	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
493	WRITE( io, 1 )
494	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
495	WRITE( io, 2 )
496	ELSE
497	WRITE( io, 3 )
498	ENDIF
499
500	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
501	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
502	ELSE
503	WRITE( io, 5 )
504	ENDIF
505
506	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
507	' ------------------------------------------'/)
508	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
509	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
510	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
511	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
512
513	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
514
515
516	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
517	! Description:
518	! ------------
519	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
520	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
521	SUBROUTINE stg_init
522
523
524	USE arrays_3d, &
525	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
526
527	USE control_parameters, &
528	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
529
530	USE grid_variables, &
531	ONLY: ddy
532
533	USE indices, &
534	ONLY: nz
535
536	USE pmc_interface, &
537	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
538
539
540	IMPLICIT NONE
541
542	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
543
544	#if defined( __parallel )
545	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
546	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
547	#endif
548
549	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
550	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
551	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
552	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
553	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
554	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
555	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
556
557	!
558	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
559	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
560	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
561	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
562	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
563	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
564	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
565	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
566	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
567	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
568	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
569	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
570	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
571
572
573	#if defined( __parallel )
574	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
575	#endif
576
577	#if defined( __parallel )
578	!
579	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
580	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
581	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
582	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
583
584	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
585	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
586
587	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
588	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
589	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
590	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
591	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
592
593	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
594	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
595	ENDIF
596
597	!
598	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
599	!-- velocity seeds
600	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
601	extent = 1 * realsize
602	!
603	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
604	!-- layer
605	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
606	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
607	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
608	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
609	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
610	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
611
612	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
613	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
614	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
615	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
616	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
617	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
618
619	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
620	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
621
622	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
623	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
624
625	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
626	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
627	ENDDO
628	!
629	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
630	!-- layer
631	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
632	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
633	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
634	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
635	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
636	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
637	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
638	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
639
640	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
641	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
642	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
643	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
644	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
645	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
646
647	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
648	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
649
650	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
651	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
652
653	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
654	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
655	ENDDO
656
657	ENDIF
658
659	#endif
660	!
661	!-- Define seed of random number
662	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
663	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
664	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
665	DO j = 1, nseed
666	seed(j) = startseed + j
667	ENDDO
668	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
669	!
670	!-- Allocate required arrays
671	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
672	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
673	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
674	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
675	ENDIF
676
677	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
678	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
679	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
680	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
681	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
682	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
683	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
684	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
685
686	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
687	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
688	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
689	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
690	!
691	!-- Read inflow profile
692	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
693	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
694	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
695	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
696	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
697	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
698
699	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
700
701	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
702	FORM='FORMATTED')
703	!
704	!-- Skip header
705	READ( 90, * )
706
707	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
708	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
709	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
710	d1, d2, d3, d5
711
712	!
713	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
714	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
715	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
716	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
717	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
718	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
719	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
720	!
721	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
722	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
723	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
724	nux(k) = nuy(k)
725	!
726	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
727	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
728	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
729	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
730	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
731	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
732	ENDIF
733	ENDDO
734	!
735	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
736	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
737	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
738	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
739	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
740	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
741	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
742
743	CLOSE( 90 )
744	!
745	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
746	!-- (Lund rotation)
747	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
748	!
749	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
750	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
751	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
752	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
753	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
754	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
755	ELSE
756	!
757	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
758	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
759	!
760	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
761	!-- scales
762	CALL calc_scaling_variables
763	!
764	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
765	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
766	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
767
768	ENDIF
769
770	!
771	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
772	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
773	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
774	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
775	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
776	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
777	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
778	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
779	ENDIF
780
781	!
782	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
783	merg = 0
784
785	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
786	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
787	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
788	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
789	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
790	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
791	ENDDO
792
793	merg = 2 * merg
794	mergp = merg + nbgp
795
796	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
797	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
798	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
799	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
800	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
801	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
802	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
803	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
804	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
805
806	!
807	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
808	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
809	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
810	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
811
812	!
813	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
814	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
815	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
816	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
817
818	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
819	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
820	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
821	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
822	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
823	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
824
825	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
826	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
827	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
828	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
829	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
830	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
831
832	!
833	!-- Create filter functions
834	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
835	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
836	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
837	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
838	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
839	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
840	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
841	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
842	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
843
844	#if defined( __parallel )
845	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
846	#endif
847
848	!
849	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
850	! time step.
851	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
852	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
853	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
854	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
855
856	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
857	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
858
859	DO j = nysg, nyng
860	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
861
862	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
863	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
864	ELSE
865	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
866	ENDIF
867
868	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
869	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
870	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
871	ELSE
872	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
873	ENDIF
874
875	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
876	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
877	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
878	ELSE
879	fw_yz = 0._wp
880	ENDIF
881
882	ENDDO
883	ENDDO
884	ENDIF
885	ENDIF
886
887	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
888
889
890	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
891	! Description:
892	! ------------
893	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
894	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
895	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
896	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
897
898
899	IMPLICIT NONE
900
901	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
902	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
903	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
904	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
905
906	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
907	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
908
909	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
910
911	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
912
913
914	bxx = 0.0_wp
915
916	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
917	bdenom = 0.0_wp
918	n_k = nxx(k)
919	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
920	n_k2 = n_k * 2
921
922	!
923	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
924	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
925	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
926	ENDDO
927
928	!
929	!-- ( Eq.9 )
930	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
931	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
932	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
933	ENDDO
934	ENDIF
935	ENDDO
936
937	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
938
939
940	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
941	! Description:
942	! ------------
943	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
944	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
945	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
946
947
948	IMPLICIT NONE
949
950	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
951
952
953	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
954
955	line = ' '
956
957	!
958	!-- Try to find stg package
959	REWIND ( 11 )
960	line = ' '
961	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
962	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
963	ENDDO
964	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
965
966	!
967	!-- Read namelist
968	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
969
970	!
971	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
972	!-- on
973	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
974	GOTO 20
975
976	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
977	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
978	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
979
980	20 CONTINUE
981
982	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
983
984
985	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
986	! Description:
987	! ------------
988	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
989	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
990	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
991
992
993	USE control_parameters, &
994	ONLY: length, restart_string
995
996
997	IMPLICIT NONE
998
999	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
1000
1001
1002	found = .TRUE.
1003
1004
1005	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1006
1007	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
1008	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
1009	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1010	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1011
1012	CASE DEFAULT
1013
1014	found = .FALSE.
1015
1016	END SELECT
1017
1018
1019	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
1020
1021
1022	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1023	! Description:
1024	! ------------
1025	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1026	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1027	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1028
1029
1030	IMPLICIT NONE
1031
1032	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1033	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1034
1035	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1036	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1037
1038
1039	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1040
1041
1042	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1043	! Description:
1044	! ------------
1045	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1046	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1047	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1048	!> (Lund, 1998).
1049	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1050	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1051
1052
1053	USE arrays_3d, &
1054	ONLY: dzw
1055
1056	USE control_parameters, &
1057	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
1058	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
1059	volume_flow_initial
1060
1061	USE grid_variables, &
1062	ONLY: dx, dy
1063
1064	USE indices, &
1065	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1066
1067	USE pmc_interface, &
1068	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1069
1070
1071	IMPLICIT NONE
1072
1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1074	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1076
1077	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1078	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1079	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1080	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1081
1082
1083	!
1084	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1085	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
1086	!
1087	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1088	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1089	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1090	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1091	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1092
1093	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1094	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1095	!
1096	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1097	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1098	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1099	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1100	!
1101	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1102	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1103	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1104	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1105	!
1106	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1107	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1108	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1109	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1110	ENDIF
1111	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1112	ENDIF
1113
1114	!
1115	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1116	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1117	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1118	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1119
1120	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1121	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1122	!
1123	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1124	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1125	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1126	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1127	!
1128	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1129	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1130	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1131	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1132	!
1133	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1134	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1135	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1136	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1137	ENDIF
1138
1139	!
1140	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1141	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1142
1143	DO j = nysg, nyng
1144	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1145	!
1146	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1147	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1148	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1149	ELSE
1150	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1151	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1152	ENDIF
1153
1154	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1155	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1156	ELSE
1157	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1158	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1159	ENDIF
1160
1161	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1162	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1163	ELSE
1164	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1165	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1166	ENDIF
1167	!
1168	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1169	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1170	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1171	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1172	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1173	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1174	ELSE
1175	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1176	!experimental test of 1.2
1177	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1178	* 1.2_wp ) &
1179	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1180	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1181	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1182	* 1.3_wp ) &
1183	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1184	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1185	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1186	ENDIF
1187
1188	ENDDO
1189	ENDDO
1190
1191	!
1192	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1193	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1194	!-- inflow boundary
1195	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1196	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1197	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1198	DO j = nys, nyn
1199	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1200	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1201	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1202	ENDDO
1203	ENDDO
1204
1205	#if defined( __parallel )
1206	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1207	comm1dy, ierr )
1208	#else
1209	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1210	#endif
1211
1212	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1213
1214	!
1215	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1216	DO j = nysg, nyng
1217	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1218	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1219	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1220	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1221	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1222	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1223	ENDDO
1224	ENDDO
1225
1226	ELSE
1227	!
1228	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1229	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1230	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1231
1232	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1233	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1234	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1235	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1236	DO j = nys, nyn
1237	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1238	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1239	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1240	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1241
1242	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1243	* dzw(k) * dy &
1244	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1245	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1246	ENDDO
1247	ENDDO
1248	#if defined( __parallel )
1249	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1250	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1251	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1252	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1253	#else
1254	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1255	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1256	#endif
1257
1258	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- Add disturbances
1262	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1263	DO j = nys, nyn
1264	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1265	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1266	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1267	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1268	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1269	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1270	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1271	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1272	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1273	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1274	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1275	ENDDO
1276	ENDDO
1277	ENDIF
1278	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1279	DO j = nys, nyn
1280	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1281	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1282	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1283	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1284	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1285	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1286	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1287	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1288	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1289	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1290	ENDDO
1291	ENDDO
1292	ENDIF
1293	ENDIF
1294
1295	ENDIF
1296	!
1297	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1298	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1299
1300	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1301	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1302	!
1303	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1304	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1305	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1306	ELSE
1307	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1308	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1309	ENDIF
1310
1311	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1312	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1313	ELSE
1314	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1315	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1316	ENDIF
1317
1318	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1319	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1320	ELSE
1321	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1322	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1323	ENDIF
1324	!
1325	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1326	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1327	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1328	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1329	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1330	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1331
1332	ELSE
1333	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1334	!experimental test of 1.2
1335	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1336	* 1.2_wp ) &
1337	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1338	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1339	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1340	* 1.3_wp ) &
1341	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1342	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1343	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1344	ENDIF
1345
1346	ENDDO
1347	ENDDO
1348
1349	!
1350	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1351	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1352	!-- inflow boundary.
1353	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1354	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1355	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1356
1357	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1358	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1359	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1360	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1361	DO i = nxl, nxr
1362	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1363	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1364	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1365	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1366
1367	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1368	* dzw(k) * dx &
1369	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1370	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1371	ENDDO
1372	ENDDO
1373	#if defined( __parallel )
1374	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1375	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1376	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1377	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1378	#else
1379	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1380	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1381	#endif
1382
1383	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1384
1385	!
1386	!-- Add disturbances
1387	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1388
1389	DO i = nxl, nxr
1390	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1391	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1392	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1393	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1394	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1395	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1396	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1397	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1398	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1399	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1400	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1401	ENDDO
1402	ENDDO
1403	ENDIF
1404	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1405
1406	DO i = nxl, nxr
1407	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1408	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1409	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1410	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1411	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1412	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1413	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1414	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1415	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1416	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1417	ENDDO
1418	ENDDO
1419	ENDIF
1420	ENDIF
1421	!
1422	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1423	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1424
1425
1426	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1427
1428	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1429	! Description:
1430	! ------------
1431	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1432	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1433	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1434	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1435	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1436	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1437	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1438
1439
1440	USE indices, &
1441	ONLY: ny
1442
1443	IMPLICIT NONE
1444
1445	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1446	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1447	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1448	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1449	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1450	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1451
1452	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1453	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1454	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1455	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1456
1457	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1458	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1459	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1460
1461	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1462	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1463	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1465	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1466
1467
1468	!
1469	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1470	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1471	!-- unit variance.
1472	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1473
1474	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1475	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1476	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1477
1478	DO j = 0, ny
1479	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1480	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1481	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1482	ENDDO
1483	ENDDO
1484
1485	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1486
1487	DO j = 0, ny
1488	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1489	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1490	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1491	ENDDO
1492	ENDDO
1493
1494	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1495
1496	DO j = 0, ny
1497	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1498	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1499	ENDDO
1500	ENDDO
1501
1502	!
1503	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1504	DO j = 0, ny
1505	DO k = 1, mergp
1506	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1507	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1508	ENDDO
1509	ENDDO
1510	DO j = 1, mergp
1511	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1512	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1513	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1514	ENDDO
1515	ENDDO
1516
1517	!
1518	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1519	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1520	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1521	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1522
1523	DO j = nysg, nyng
1524	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1525	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1526	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1527	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1528	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1529	ENDDO
1530	ENDDO
1531	ENDDO
1532	ENDDO
1533
1534	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1535	!
1536	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1537	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1538	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1539
1540	#if defined( __parallel )
1541	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1542	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1543	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1544	#else
1545	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1546	#endif
1547
1548
1549	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1555	! Description:
1556	! ------------
1557	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1558	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1559	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1560	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1561	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1563	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1564
1565
1566	USE indices, &
1567	ONLY: nx
1568
1569
1570	IMPLICIT NONE
1571
1572	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1573	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1574	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1575	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1576	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1577	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1578
1579	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1580	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1581	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1582	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1583
1584	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1585	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1586	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1587
1588	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1589	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1590	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1591	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1592	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1593
1594
1595	!
1596	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1597	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1598	!-- unit variance.
1599	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1600
1601	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1602	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1603	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1604
1605	DO i = 0, nx
1606	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1607	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1608	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1609	ENDDO
1610	ENDDO
1611
1612	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1613
1614	DO i = 0, nx
1615	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1616	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1617	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1618	ENDDO
1619	ENDDO
1620
1621	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1622
1623	DO i = 0, nx
1624	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1625	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1626	ENDDO
1627	ENDDO
1628
1629	!
1630	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1631	DO i = 0, nx
1632	DO k = 1, mergp
1633	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1634	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1635	ENDDO
1636	ENDDO
1637	DO i = 1, mergp
1638	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1639	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1640	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1641	ENDDO
1642	ENDDO
1643
1644	!
1645	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1646	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1647	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1648	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1649
1650	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1651	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1652	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1653	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1654	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1655	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1656	ENDDO
1657	ENDDO
1658	ENDDO
1659	ENDDO
1660
1661	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1662
1663	!
1664	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1665	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1666	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1667
1668
1669	#if defined( __parallel )
1670	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1671	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1672	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1673	#else
1674	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1675	#endif
1676
1677
1678	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1679
1680	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1681	! Description:
1682	! ------------
1683	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1684	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1685	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1686	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1687	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1688	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1689
1690	USE arrays_3d, &
1691	ONLY: zu
1692
1693	IMPLICIT NONE
1694
1695	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1696
1697	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1698
1699	!
1700	!--
1701	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1702
1703	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1704	!
1705	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1706	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1707	!
1708	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1709	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1710	!-- zero.
1711	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1712	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
1713	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1714	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1715	0.0_wp, &
1716	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1717	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1718	)
1719
1720	r22(k) = r11(k)
1721	!
1722	!-- w'w'
1723	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1724	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1725	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1726	)
1727	!
1728	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1729	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1730	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1731	)
1732
1733	r32(k) = r31(k)
1734	!
1735	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1736	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1737	r21(k) = r31(k)
1738	!
1739	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1740	ELSE
1741	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1742	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1743	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1744	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1745	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1746	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1747	ENDIF
1748	ENDDO
1749
1750	!
1751	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1752	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1753	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1754	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1755
1756	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1757	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1758	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1759
1760
1761	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1762
1763	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1764	! Description:
1765	! ------------
1766	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1767	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1768	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1769
1770	IMPLICIT NONE
1771
1772	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1773
1774	!
1775	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1776	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1777	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1778	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1779	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1780	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1781	ELSE
1782	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1783	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1784	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1785	ENDIF
1786	ENDDO
1787	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1788	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1789	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1790	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1791	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1792	ELSE
1793	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1794	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1795	ENDIF
1796	ENDDO
1797	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1798	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1799	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1800	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1801	ELSE
1802	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1803	ENDIF
1804	ENDDO
1805	!
1806	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1807	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1808	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1809	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1810	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1811	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1812	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1813
1814	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1815
1816	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1817	! Description:
1818	! ------------
1819	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1820	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1821	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1822	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1823
1824	IMPLICIT NONE
1825
1826	!
1827	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1828	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1829	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1830	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1831	!
1832	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1833	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1834	!
1835	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1836	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1837	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1838	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1839	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1840	!
1841	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1842	!-- (Lund rotation)
1843	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1844	!
1845	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1846	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1847	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1848	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1849	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1850	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1851	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1852	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1853	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1854	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1855	!
1856	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1857	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1858
1859
1860	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1861
1862
1863	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1864	! Description:
1865	! ------------
1866	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1867	!> from measurements.
1868	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1869	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1870
1871	USE arrays_3d, &
1872	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
1873
1874	USE grid_variables, &
1875	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1876
1877	IMPLICIT NONE
1878
1879
1880	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1881
1882	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1883
1884	!
1885	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1886	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1887	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1888	!
1889	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1890	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1891	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1892	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1893	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1894	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1895	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1896	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1897	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1898	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1899
1900	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1901
1902	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1903	!
1904	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1905	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1906	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1907	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1908	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1909	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1910	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1911	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1912	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1913	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1914	!
1915	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1916	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1917	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1918	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1919	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
1920	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1921	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1922	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1923	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1924	!
1925	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
1926	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
1927	!
1928	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
1929	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
1930	!-- computations power.
1931	ELSE
1932	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
1933	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
1934	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
1935	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
1936	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
1937	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
1938	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
1939	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
1940	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
1941
1942	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
1943	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
1944	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
1945	ENDIF
1946	ENDDO
1947	!
1948	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
1949	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
1950	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
1951	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
1952	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
1953	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
1954	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
1955	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
1956	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
1957	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
1958
1959	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
1960	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
1961	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
1962
1963
1964	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1965
1966	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1967	! Description:
1968	! ------------
1969	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
1970	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
1971	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
1972	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1973	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
1974
1975
1976	USE control_parameters, &
1977	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
1978	pt_surface
1979
1980	USE indices, &
1981	ONLY: nx, ny
1982
1983	USE surface_mod, &
1984	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
1985
1986	IMPLICIT NONE
1987
1988	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1989	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1990	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1991	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
1992	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
1993	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
1994
1995	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
1996	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
1997	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
1998	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
1999	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
2000	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
2001	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
2002	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
2003
2004	!
2005	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
2006	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
2007	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
2008	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
2009	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
2010	!-- This need to be revised later.
2011	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2012	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2013	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2014	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
2015	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
2016	ENDDO
2017	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2018	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
2019	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
2020	ENDDO
2021	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2022	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
2023	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
2024	ENDDO
2025
2026	#if defined( __parallel )
2027	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2028	comm2d, ierr )
2029	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2030	comm2d, ierr )
2031	#else
2032	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
2033	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2034	#endif
2035	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2036	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2037
2038	!
2039	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
2040	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
2041	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
2042	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
2043	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
2044	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height,
2045	!-- which is 10 m, according to the height of the 1st vertical grid level
2046	!-- in the COSMO level. However, in case of topography that is higher than
2047	!-- the reference level, the k index is determined from the 1st vertical
2048	!-- PALM grid level instead.
2049	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
2050	!-- COSMO vertical level.
2051	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
2052
2053	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2054	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
2055
2056	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
2057
2058	DO j = nys, nyn
2059	!
2060	!-- Determine the k index and topography top index
2061	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2062	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2063	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2064	!
2065	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
2066	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
2067	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
2068	!-- inflow profiles.
2069	u_int = MERGE( u(k,j,i+1), u(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
2070	v_int = v(k,j,i)
2071	!
2072	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
2073	!-- neutral condtions.
2074	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2075	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2076	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2077
2078	ENDDO
2079
2080	ENDIF
2081
2082	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
2083
2084	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
2085
2086	DO i = nxl, nxr
2087
2088	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2089	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2090	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2091
2092	u_int = u(k,j,i)
2093	v_int = MERGE( v(k,j+1,i), v(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
2094
2095	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2096	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2097	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2098
2099	ENDDO
2100
2101	ENDIF
2102
2103	#if defined( __parallel )
2104	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2105	comm2d, ierr )
2106	#else
2107	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2108	#endif
2109	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
2110
2111	!
2112	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
2113	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2114	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
2115	ELSE
2116	scale_l = 0.0_wp
2117	ENDIF
2118
2119	!
2120	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2121	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2122	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2123	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2124	ELSE
2125	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2126	ENDIF
2127	!
2128	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2129	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2130	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2131	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2132
2133	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2134
2135	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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