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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3712

Last change on this file since 3712 was 3646, checked in by kanani, 6 years ago
Bugfix: replace simulated_time by time_since_reference_point where required
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 83.1 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani $
27	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
28	! when using wall/soil spinup)
29	!
30	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
31	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
32	! generator in case of topography
33	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
34	! nesting
35	!
36	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
37	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
38	!
39	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
40	! Fix for format descriptor
41	!
42	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
43	! - Revise structure of init routine
44	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
45	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
46	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
47	!
48	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
49	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
50	!
51	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
52	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
53	!
54	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
55	! Minor formating changes
56	!
57	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
58	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
59	!
60	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
61	! unused variables removed
62	!
63	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
64	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
65	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
66	!
67	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
68	! Rename variables and extend error message
69	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
70	!
71	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
72	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
73	! by dz(1)
74	!
75	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
76	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
77	!
78	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
79	! Error messages revised
80	!
81	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
82	! Add missing variable descriptions
83	!
84	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
85	! updated variable descriptions
86	!
87	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
88	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
89	!
90	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
91	! Remove unused module load
92	!
93	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
94	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
95	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
96	! the x- and y-dimension
97	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
98	!
99	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
100	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
101	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
102	!
103	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
104	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
105	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
106	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
107	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
108	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
109	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
110	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
111	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
112	!
113	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
114	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
115	!
116	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
117	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
118	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
119	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
120	! data
121	!
122	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
123	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
124	!
125	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
126	! Change in file header (GPL part)
127	!
128	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
129	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
130	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
131	!
132	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
133	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
134	! parameters during reading restart data
135	!
136	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
137	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
138	!
139	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
140	! Initial revision
141	!
142	!
143	!
144	! Authors:
145	! --------
146	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
147	!
148	!
149	!
150	! Description:
151	! ------------
152	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
153	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
154	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
155	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
156	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
157	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
158	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
159	!> within the boundary layer.
160	!>
161	!> @todo test restart
162	!> enable cyclic_fill
163	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
164	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
165	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
166	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
167	!> must match with current PALM grid.
168	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
169	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
170	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
171	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
172
173
174	USE arrays_3d, &
175	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
176
177	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
178	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
179
180	USE control_parameters, &
181	ONLY: initializing_actions, num_mean_inflow_profiles, message_string, &
182	syn_turb_gen
183
184	USE cpulog, &
185	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point
186
187	USE indices, &
188	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
189
190	USE kinds
191
192	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
193	USE MPI
194	#endif
195
196	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
197	ONLY: zi_ribulk
198
199	USE pegrid, &
200	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
201
202	USE transpose_indices, &
203	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
204
205
206	IMPLICIT NONE
207
208	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
209	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
210	#endif
211
212
213	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
214	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
215	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
216
217	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
218	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
219	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
220	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
221	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
222	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
223	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
225	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
226	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
227	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
228	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
229	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
230	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
231
232	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
233	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
234	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
235	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
237	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
239	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
240	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
241	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
242	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
243	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
244	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
245	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
246
247	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
248	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
249	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
250	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
251	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
252	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
253	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
254	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
255	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
256
257
258	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
259	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
260	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
261	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
262	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
263	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
264
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
274
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
296
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
299
300	!
301	!-- PALM interfaces:
302	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
303	INTERFACE stg_adjust
304	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
305	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
306	!
307	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
308	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
309	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
310	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
311
312	!
313	!-- Calculate filter functions
314	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
315	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
316	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
317
318	!
319	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
320	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
321	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
322	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
323	!
324	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
325	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
326	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
327	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
328
329	!
330	!-- Output of information to the header file
331	INTERFACE stg_header
332	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
333	END INTERFACE stg_header
334
335	!
336	!-- Initialization actions
337	INTERFACE stg_init
338	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
339	END INTERFACE stg_init
340
341	!
342	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
343	INTERFACE stg_main
344	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
345	END INTERFACE stg_main
346
347	!
348	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
349	INTERFACE stg_parin
350	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
351	END INTERFACE stg_parin
352
353	!
354	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
355	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
356	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
357	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
358
359	!
360	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
361	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
362	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
363	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
364
365	SAVE
366
367	PRIVATE
368
369	!
370	!-- Public interfaces
371	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
372	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
373
374	!
375	!-- Public variables
376	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
377	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
378	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
379
380
381	CONTAINS
382
383
384	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
385	! Description:
386	! ------------
387	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
388	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
389	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
390
391
392	USE control_parameters, &
393	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
394	turbulent_inflow
395
396	USE pmc_interface, &
397	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
398
399
400	IMPLICIT NONE
401
402	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
403	nesting_offline ) THEN
404	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
405	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
406	'in LES mode.'
407	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
408	ENDIF
409
410	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
411	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
412	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
413	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
414	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
415	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
416	ENDIF
417
418	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
419
420	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
421	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
422	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
423	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
424	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
425
426	ENDIF
427
428	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
429	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
430	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
431	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
432	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
433
434	ENDIF
435
436	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
437
438	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
439	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
440	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
441	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
442	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
443	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
444	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
445	ENDIF
446
447	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
448	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
449	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
450	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
451	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
452	ENDIF
453	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
454	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
455	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
456	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
457	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
458	ENDIF
459
460	ENDIF
461
462	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
463	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
464	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
465	'is not allowed'
466	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
467	ENDIF
468
469	ENDIF
470
471	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
472
473
474	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
475	! Description:
476	! ------------
477	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
478	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
479	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
480
481
482	IMPLICIT NONE
483
484	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
485
486	!
487	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
488	WRITE( io, 1 )
489	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
490	WRITE( io, 2 )
491	ELSE
492	WRITE( io, 3 )
493	ENDIF
494
495	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
496	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
497	ELSE
498	WRITE( io, 5 )
499	ENDIF
500
501	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
502	' ------------------------------------------'/)
503	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
504	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
505	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
506	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
507
508	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
509
510
511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
512	! Description:
513	! ------------
514	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
515	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
516	SUBROUTINE stg_init
517
518
519	USE arrays_3d, &
520	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu
521
522	USE control_parameters, &
523	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
524
525	USE grid_variables, &
526	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
527
528	USE indices, &
529	ONLY: nz
530
531	USE pmc_interface, &
532	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
533
534
535	IMPLICIT NONE
536
537	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
538
539	#if defined( __parallel )
540	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
541	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
542	#endif
543
544	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
545	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
546	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
547	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
548	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
549	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
550	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
551
552	!
553	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
554	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
555	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
556	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
557	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
558	REAL(wp) :: d11 !< vertical interpolation for a11
559	REAL(wp) :: d21 !< vertical interpolation for a21
560	REAL(wp) :: d22 !< vertical interpolation for a22
561	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
562	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
563	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
564	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
565	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
566	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
567	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
568	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
569
570
571	#if defined( __parallel )
572	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
573	#endif
574
575	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
576
577	#if defined( __parallel )
578	!
579	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
580	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
581	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
582	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
583
584	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
585	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
586
587	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
588	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
589	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
590	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
591	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
592
593	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
594	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
595	ENDIF
596
597	!
598	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
599	!-- velocity seeds
600	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
601	extent = 1 * realsize
602	!
603	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
604	!-- layer
605	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
606	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
607	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
608	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
609	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
610	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
611
612	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
613	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
614	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
615	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
616	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
617	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
618
619	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
620	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
621
622	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
623	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
624
625	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
626	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
627	ENDDO
628	!
629	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
630	!-- layer
631	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
632	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
633	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
634	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
635	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
636	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
637	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
638	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
639
640	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
641	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
642	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
643	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
644	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
645	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
646
647	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
648	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
649
650	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
651	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
652
653	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
654	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
655	ENDDO
656
657	ENDIF
658
659	#endif
660	!
661	!-- Define seed of random number
662	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
663	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
664	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
665	DO j = 1, nseed
666	seed(j) = startseed + j
667	ENDDO
668	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
669	!
670	!-- Allocate required arrays
671	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
672	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
673	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
674	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
675	ENDIF
676
677	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
678	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
679	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
680	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
681	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
682	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
683	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
684	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
685
686	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
687	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
688	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
689	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
690	!
691	!-- Read inflow profile
692	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
693	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
694	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
695	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
696	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
697	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
698
699	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
700
701	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
702	FORM='FORMATTED')
703	!
704	!-- Skip header
705	READ( 90, * )
706
707	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
708	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
709	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
710	d1, d2, d3, d5
711
712	!
713	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
714	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
715	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
716	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
717	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
718	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
719	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
720	!
721	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
722	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
723	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
724	nux(k) = nuy(k)
725	!
726	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
727	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
728	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
729	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
730	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
731	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
732	ENDIF
733	ENDDO
734	!
735	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
736	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
737	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
738	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
739	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
740	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
741	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
742
743	CLOSE( 90 )
744	!
745	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
746	!-- (Lund rotation)
747	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
748	!
749	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
750	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
751	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
752	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
753	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
754	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
755	ELSE
756	!
757	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
758	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
759	!
760	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
761	!-- scales
762	CALL calc_scaling_variables
763	!
764	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
765	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
766	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
767
768	ENDIF
769
770	!
771	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
772	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
773	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
774	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
775	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
776	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
777	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
778	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
779	ENDIF
780
781	!
782	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
783	merg = 0
784
785	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
786	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
787	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
788	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
789	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
790	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
791	ENDDO
792
793	merg = 2 * merg
794	mergp = merg + nbgp
795
796	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
797	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
798	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
799	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
800	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
801	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
802	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
803	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
804	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
805
806	!
807	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
808	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
809	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
810	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
811
812	!
813	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
814	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
815	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
816	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
817
818	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
819	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
820	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
821	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
822	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
823	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
824
825	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
826	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
827	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
828	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
829	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
830	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
831
832	!
833	!-- Create filter functions
834	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
835	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
836	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
837	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
838	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
839	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
840	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
841	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
842	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
843
844	#if defined( __parallel )
845	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
846	#endif
847
848	!
849	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
850	! time step.
851	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
852	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
853	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
854	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
855
856	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
857	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
858
859	DO j = nysg, nyng
860	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
861
862	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
863	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
864	ELSE
865	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
866	ENDIF
867
868	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
869	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
870	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
871	ELSE
872	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
873	ENDIF
874
875	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
876	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
877	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
878	ELSE
879	fw_yz = 0._wp
880	ENDIF
881
882	ENDDO
883	ENDDO
884	ENDIF
885	ENDIF
886
887	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
888
889	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
890
891
892	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
893	! Description:
894	! ------------
895	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
896	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
897	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
898	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
899
900
901	IMPLICIT NONE
902
903	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
904	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
905	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
906	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
907
908	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
909	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
910
911	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
912
913	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
914
915
916	bxx = 0.0_wp
917
918	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
919	bdenom = 0.0_wp
920	n_k = nxx(k)
921	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
922	n_k2 = n_k * 2
923
924	!
925	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
926	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
927	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
928	ENDDO
929
930	!
931	!-- ( Eq.9 )
932	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
933	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
934	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
935	ENDDO
936	ENDIF
937	ENDDO
938
939	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
940
941
942	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
943	! Description:
944	! ------------
945	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
946	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
947	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
948
949
950	IMPLICIT NONE
951
952	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
953
954
955	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
956
957	line = ' '
958
959	!
960	!-- Try to find stg package
961	REWIND ( 11 )
962	line = ' '
963	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
964	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
965	ENDDO
966	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
967
968	!
969	!-- Read namelist
970	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
971
972	!
973	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
974	!-- on
975	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
976	GOTO 20
977
978	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
979	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
980	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
981
982	20 CONTINUE
983
984	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
985
986
987	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
988	! Description:
989	! ------------
990	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
991	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
992	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
993
994
995	USE control_parameters, &
996	ONLY: length, restart_string
997
998
999	IMPLICIT NONE
1000
1001	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
1002
1003
1004	found = .TRUE.
1005
1006
1007	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1008
1009	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
1010	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
1011	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1012	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1013
1014	CASE DEFAULT
1015
1016	found = .FALSE.
1017
1018	END SELECT
1019
1020
1021	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
1022
1023
1024	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1025	! Description:
1026	! ------------
1027	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1028	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1029	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1030
1031
1032	IMPLICIT NONE
1033
1034	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1035	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1036
1037	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1038	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1039
1040
1041	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1042
1043
1044	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1045	! Description:
1046	! ------------
1047	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1048	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1049	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1050	!> (Lund, 1998).
1051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1052	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1053
1054
1055	USE arrays_3d, &
1056	ONLY: dzw
1057
1058	USE control_parameters, &
1059	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, intermediate_timestep_count, &
1060	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
1061	volume_flow_initial
1062
1063	USE grid_variables, &
1064	ONLY: dx, dy
1065
1066	USE indices, &
1067	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1068
1069	USE statistics, &
1070	ONLY: weight_substep
1071
1072	USE pmc_interface, &
1073	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1074
1075
1076	IMPLICIT NONE
1077
1078	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1079	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1080	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1081
1082	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1083	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1084	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1085	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1086
1087	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1088
1089	!
1090	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1091	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call ) !* weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count)
1092	!
1093	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1094	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1095	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1096	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1097	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1098
1099	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1100	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1101	!
1102	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1103	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1104	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1105	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1106	!
1107	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1108	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1109	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1110	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1111	!
1112	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1113	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1114	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1115	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1116	ENDIF
1117	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1118	ENDIF
1119
1120	!
1121	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1122	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1123	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1124	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1125
1126	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1127	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1128	!
1129	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1130	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1131	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1132	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1133	!
1134	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1135	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1136	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1137	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1138	!
1139	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1140	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1141	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1142	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1143	ENDIF
1144
1145	!
1146	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1147	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1148
1149	DO j = nysg, nyng
1150	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1151	!
1152	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1153	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1154	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1155	ELSE
1156	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1157	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1158	ENDIF
1159
1160	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1161	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1162	ELSE
1163	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1164	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1165	ENDIF
1166
1167	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1168	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1169	ELSE
1170	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1171	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1172	ENDIF
1173	!
1174	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1175	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1176	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1177	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1178	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1179	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1180	ELSE
1181	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1182	!experimental test of 1.2
1183	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1184	* 1.2_wp ) &
1185	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1186	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1187	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1188	* 1.3_wp ) &
1189	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1190	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1191	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1192	ENDIF
1193
1194	ENDDO
1195	ENDDO
1196
1197	!
1198	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1199	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1200	!-- inflow boundary
1201	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1202	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1203	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1204	DO j = nys, nyn
1205	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1206	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1207	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1208	ENDDO
1209	ENDDO
1210
1211	#if defined( __parallel )
1212	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1213	comm1dy, ierr )
1214	#else
1215	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1216	#endif
1217
1218	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1219
1220	!
1221	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1222	DO j = nysg, nyng
1223	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1224	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1225	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1226	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1227	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1228	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1229	ENDDO
1230	ENDDO
1231
1232	ELSE
1233	!
1234	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1235	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1236	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1237
1238	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1239	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1240	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1241	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1242	DO j = nys, nyn
1243	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1244	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1245	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1246	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1247
1248	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1249	* dzw(k) * dy &
1250	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1251	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1252	ENDDO
1253	ENDDO
1254	#if defined( __parallel )
1255	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1256	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1257	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1258	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1259	#else
1260	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1261	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1262	#endif
1263
1264	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1265
1266	!
1267	!-- Add disturbances
1268	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1269	DO j = nys, nyn
1270	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1271	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1272	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1273	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1274	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1275	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1276	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1277	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1278	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1279	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1280	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1281	ENDDO
1282	ENDDO
1283	ENDIF
1284	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1285	DO j = nys, nyn
1286	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1287	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1288	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1289	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1290	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1291	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1292	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1293	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1294	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1295	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1296	ENDDO
1297	ENDDO
1298	ENDIF
1299	ENDIF
1300
1301	ENDIF
1302	!
1303	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1304	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1305
1306	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1307	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1308	!
1309	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1310	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1311	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1312	ELSE
1313	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1314	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1315	ENDIF
1316
1317	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1318	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1319	ELSE
1320	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1321	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1322	ENDIF
1323
1324	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1325	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1326	ELSE
1327	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1328	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1329	ENDIF
1330	!
1331	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1332	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1333	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1334	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1335	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1336	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1337
1338	ELSE
1339	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1340	!experimental test of 1.2
1341	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1342	* 1.2_wp ) &
1343	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1344	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1345	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1346	* 1.3_wp ) &
1347	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1348	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1349	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1350	ENDIF
1351
1352	ENDDO
1353	ENDDO
1354
1355	!
1356	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1357	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1358	!-- inflow boundary.
1359	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1360	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1361	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1362
1363	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1364	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1365	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1366	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1367	DO i = nxl, nxr
1368	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1369	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1370	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1371	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1372
1373	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1374	* dzw(k) * dx &
1375	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1376	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1377	ENDDO
1378	ENDDO
1379	#if defined( __parallel )
1380	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1381	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1382	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1383	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1384	#else
1385	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1386	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1387	#endif
1388
1389	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1390
1391	!
1392	!-- Add disturbances
1393	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1394
1395	DO i = nxl, nxr
1396	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1397	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1398	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1399	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1400	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1401	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1402	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1403	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1404	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1405	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1406	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1407	ENDDO
1408	ENDDO
1409	ENDIF
1410	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1411
1412	DO i = nxl, nxr
1413	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1414	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1415	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1416	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1417	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1418	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1419	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1420	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1421	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1422	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1423	ENDDO
1424	ENDDO
1425	ENDIF
1426	ENDIF
1427	!
1428	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1429	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1430
1431	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1432
1433	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1434
1435	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1436	! Description:
1437	! ------------
1438	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1439	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1440	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1441	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1442	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1443	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1444	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1445
1446
1447	USE indices, &
1448	ONLY: ny
1449
1450	IMPLICIT NONE
1451
1452	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1453	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1454	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1455	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1456	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1457	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1458
1459	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1460	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1461	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1462	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1463
1464	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1465	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1466	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1467
1468	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1469	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1470	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1471	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1472	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1473
1474
1475	!
1476	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1477	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1478	!-- unit variance.
1479	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1480
1481	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1482	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1483	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1484
1485	DO j = 0, ny
1486	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1487	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1488	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1489	ENDDO
1490	ENDDO
1491
1492	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1493
1494	DO j = 0, ny
1495	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1496	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1497	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1498	ENDDO
1499	ENDDO
1500
1501	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1502
1503	DO j = 0, ny
1504	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1505	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1506	ENDDO
1507	ENDDO
1508
1509	!
1510	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1511	DO j = 0, ny
1512	DO k = 1, mergp
1513	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1514	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1515	ENDDO
1516	ENDDO
1517	DO j = 1, mergp
1518	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1519	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1520	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1521	ENDDO
1522	ENDDO
1523
1524	!
1525	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1526	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1527	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1528	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1529
1530	DO j = nysg, nyng
1531	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1532	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1533	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1534	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1535	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1536	ENDDO
1537	ENDDO
1538	ENDDO
1539	ENDDO
1540
1541	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1542	!
1543	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1544	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1545	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1546
1547	#if defined( __parallel )
1548	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1549	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1550	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1551	#else
1552	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1553	#endif
1554
1555
1556	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1562	! Description:
1563	! ------------
1564	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1565	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1566	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1567	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1568	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1569	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1570	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1571
1572
1573	USE indices, &
1574	ONLY: nx
1575
1576
1577	IMPLICIT NONE
1578
1579	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1580	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1581	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1582	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1583	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1584	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1585
1586	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1587	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1588	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1589	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1590
1591	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1592	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1593	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1594
1595	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1596	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1597	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1598	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1599	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1600
1601
1602	!
1603	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1604	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1605	!-- unit variance.
1606	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1607
1608	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1609	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1610	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1611
1612	DO i = 0, nx
1613	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1614	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1615	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1616	ENDDO
1617	ENDDO
1618
1619	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1620
1621	DO i = 0, nx
1622	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1623	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1624	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1625	ENDDO
1626	ENDDO
1627
1628	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1629
1630	DO i = 0, nx
1631	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1632	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1633	ENDDO
1634	ENDDO
1635
1636	!
1637	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1638	DO i = 0, nx
1639	DO k = 1, mergp
1640	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1641	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1642	ENDDO
1643	ENDDO
1644	DO i = 1, mergp
1645	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1646	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1647	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1648	ENDDO
1649	ENDDO
1650
1651	!
1652	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1653	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1654	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1655	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1656
1657	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1658	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1659	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1660	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1661	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1662	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1663	ENDDO
1664	ENDDO
1665	ENDDO
1666	ENDDO
1667
1668	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1669
1670	!
1671	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1672	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1673	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1674
1675
1676	#if defined( __parallel )
1677	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1678	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1679	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1680	#else
1681	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1682	#endif
1683
1684
1685	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1686
1687	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1688	! Description:
1689	! ------------
1690	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1691	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1692	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1693	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1694	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1695	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1696
1697	USE arrays_3d, &
1698	ONLY: zu
1699
1700	IMPLICIT NONE
1701
1702	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1703
1704	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1705
1706	!
1707	!--
1708	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1709
1710	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1711	!
1712	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1713	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1714	!
1715	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1716	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1717	!-- zero.
1718	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1719	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
1720	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1721	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1722	0.0_wp, &
1723	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1724	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1725	)
1726
1727	r22(k) = r11(k)
1728	!
1729	!-- w'w'
1730	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1731	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1732	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1733	)
1734	!
1735	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1736	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1737	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1738	)
1739
1740	r32(k) = r31(k)
1741	!
1742	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1743	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1744	r21(k) = r31(k)
1745	!
1746	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1747	ELSE
1748	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1749	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1750	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1751	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1752	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1753	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1754	ENDIF
1755	ENDDO
1756
1757	!
1758	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1759	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1760	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1761	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1762
1763	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1764	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1765	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1766
1767
1768	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1769
1770	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1771	! Description:
1772	! ------------
1773	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1774	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1775	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1776
1777	IMPLICIT NONE
1778
1779	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1780
1781	!
1782	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1783	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1784	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1785	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1786	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1787	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1788	ELSE
1789	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1790	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1791	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1792	ENDIF
1793	ENDDO
1794	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1795	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1796	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1797	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1798	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1799	ELSE
1800	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1801	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1802	ENDIF
1803	ENDDO
1804	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1805	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1806	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1807	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1808	ELSE
1809	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1810	ENDIF
1811	ENDDO
1812	!
1813	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1814	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1815	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1816	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1817	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1818	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1819	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1820
1821	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1822
1823	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1824	! Description:
1825	! ------------
1826	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1827	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1828	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1829	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1830
1831	IMPLICIT NONE
1832
1833	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
1834
1835	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1836	!
1837	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1838	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1839	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1840	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1841	!
1842	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1843	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1844	!
1845	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1846	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1847	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1848	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1849	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1850	!
1851	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1852	!-- (Lund rotation)
1853	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1854	!
1855	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1856	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1857	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1858	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1859	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1860	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1861	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1862	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1863	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1864	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1865	!
1866	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1867	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1868
1869	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1870
1871	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1872
1873
1874	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1875	! Description:
1876	! ------------
1877	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1878	!> from measurements.
1879	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1880	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1881
1882	USE arrays_3d, &
1883	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu, zw
1884
1885	USE grid_variables, &
1886	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1887
1888	USE statistics, &
1889	ONLY: hom
1890
1891	IMPLICIT NONE
1892
1893
1894	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1895
1896	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1897
1898	!
1899	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1900	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1901	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1902	!
1903	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1904	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1905	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1906	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1907	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1908	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1909	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1910	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1911	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1912	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1913
1914	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1915
1916	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1917	!
1918	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1919	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1920	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1921	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1922	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1923	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1924	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1925	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1926	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1927	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1928	!
1929	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1930	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1931	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1932	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1933	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
1934	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1935	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1936	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1937	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1938	!
1939	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
1940	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
1941	!
1942	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
1943	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
1944	!-- computations power.
1945	ELSE
1946	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
1947	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
1948	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
1949	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
1950	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
1951	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
1952	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
1953	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
1954	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
1955
1956	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
1957	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
1958	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
1959	ENDIF
1960	ENDDO
1961	!
1962	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
1963	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
1964	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
1965	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
1966	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
1967	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
1968	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
1969	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
1970	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
1971	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
1972
1973	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
1974	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
1975	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
1976
1977
1978	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1979
1980	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1981	! Description:
1982	! ------------
1983	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
1984	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
1985	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
1986	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1987	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
1988
1989
1990	USE control_parameters, &
1991	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
1992	humidity, pt_surface
1993
1994	USE indices, &
1995	ONLY: nx, ny
1996
1997	USE surface_mod, &
1998	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
1999
2000	IMPLICIT NONE
2001
2002	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
2003	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
2004	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
2005	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
2006	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
2007	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
2008
2009	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
2010	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
2011	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
2012	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
2013	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
2014	REAL(wp) :: vpt_surface !< near-surface virtual potential temperature
2015	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
2016	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
2017	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
2018
2019	!
2020	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
2021	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
2022	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
2023	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
2024	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
2025	!-- This need to be revised later.
2026	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2027	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2028	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2029	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
2030	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
2031	ENDDO
2032	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2033	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
2034	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
2035	ENDDO
2036	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2037	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
2038	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
2039	ENDDO
2040
2041	#if defined( __parallel )
2042	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2043	comm2d, ierr )
2044	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2045	comm2d, ierr )
2046	#else
2047	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
2048	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2049	#endif
2050	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2051	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2052
2053	!
2054	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
2055	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
2056	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
2057	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
2058	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
2059	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height,
2060	!-- which is 10 m, according to the height of the 1st vertical grid level
2061	!-- in the COSMO level. However, in case of topography that is higher than
2062	!-- the reference level, the k index is determined from the 1st vertical
2063	!-- PALM grid level instead.
2064	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
2065	!-- COSMO vertical level.
2066	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
2067
2068	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2069	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
2070
2071	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
2072
2073	DO j = nys, nyn
2074	!
2075	!-- Determine the k index and topography top index
2076	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2077	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2078	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2079	!
2080	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
2081	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
2082	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
2083	!-- inflow profiles.
2084	u_int = MERGE( u(k,j,i+1), u(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
2085	v_int = v(k,j,i)
2086	!
2087	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
2088	!-- neutral condtions.
2089	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2090	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2091	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2092
2093	ENDDO
2094
2095	ENDIF
2096
2097	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
2098
2099	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
2100
2101	DO i = nxl, nxr
2102
2103	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2104	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2105	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2106
2107	u_int = u(k,j,i)
2108	v_int = MERGE( v(k,j+1,i), v(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
2109
2110	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2111	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2112	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2113
2114	ENDDO
2115
2116	ENDIF
2117
2118	#if defined( __parallel )
2119	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2120	comm2d, ierr )
2121	#else
2122	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2123	#endif
2124	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
2125
2126	!
2127	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
2128	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2129	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
2130	ELSE
2131	scale_l = 0.0_wp
2132	ENDIF
2133
2134	!
2135	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2136	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2137	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2138	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2139	ELSE
2140	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2141	ENDIF
2142	!
2143	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2144	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2145	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2146	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2147
2148	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2149
2150	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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