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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3579

Last change on this file since 3579 was 3579, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Bugfix in initialization of synthetic turbulence generator and calculation of turbulence scaling parameters in case of topography; checks for synthetic turbulence generator and offline nesting added
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File size: 82.9 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring $
27	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
28	! generator in case of topography
29	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
30	! nesting
31	!
32	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
33	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
34	!
35	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
36	! Fix for format descriptor
37	!
38	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
39	! - Revise structure of init routine
40	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
41	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
42	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
43	!
44	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
45	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
46	!
47	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
48	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
49	!
50	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
51	! Minor formating changes
52	!
53	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
54	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
55	!
56	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
57	! unused variables removed
58	!
59	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
60	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
61	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
62	!
63	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
64	! Rename variables and extend error message
65	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
66	!
67	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
68	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
69	! by dz(1)
70	!
71	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
72	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
73	!
74	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
75	! Error messages revised
76	!
77	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
78	! Add missing variable descriptions
79	!
80	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
81	! updated variable descriptions
82	!
83	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
84	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
85	!
86	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
87	! Remove unused module load
88	!
89	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
90	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
91	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
92	! the x- and y-dimension
93	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
94	!
95	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
96	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
97	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
98	!
99	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
100	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
101	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
102	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
103	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
104	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
105	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
106	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
107	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
108	!
109	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
110	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
111	!
112	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
113	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
114	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
115	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
116	! data
117	!
118	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
119	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
120	!
121	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
122	! Change in file header (GPL part)
123	!
124	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
125	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
126	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
127	!
128	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
129	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
130	! parameters during reading restart data
131	!
132	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
133	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
134	!
135	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
136	! Initial revision
137	!
138	!
139	!
140	! Authors:
141	! --------
142	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
143	!
144	!
145	!
146	! Description:
147	! ------------
148	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
149	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
150	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
151	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
152	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
153	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
154	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
155	!> within the boundary layer.
156	!>
157	!> @todo test restart
158	!> enable cyclic_fill
159	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
160	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
161	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
162	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
163	!> must match with current PALM grid.
164	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
165	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
166	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
167	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
168
169
170	USE arrays_3d, &
171	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
172
173	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
174	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
175
176	USE control_parameters, &
177	ONLY: initializing_actions, num_mean_inflow_profiles, message_string, &
178	syn_turb_gen
179
180	USE cpulog, &
181	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point
182
183	USE indices, &
184	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
185
186	USE kinds
187
188	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
189	USE MPI
190	#endif
191
192	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
193	ONLY: zi_ribulk
194
195	USE pegrid, &
196	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
197
198	USE transpose_indices, &
199	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
200
201
202	IMPLICIT NONE
203
204	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
205	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
206	#endif
207
208
209	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
210	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
211	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
212
213	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
214	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
215	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
216	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
217	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
218	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
219	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
220	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
221	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
222	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
223	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
225	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
226	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
227
228	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
229	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
230	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
232	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
233	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
234	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
235	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
237	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
239	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
240	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
241	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
242
243	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
244	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
245	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
246	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
247	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
248	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
249	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
250	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
251	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
252
253
254	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
255	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
256	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
257	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
258	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
259	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
260
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
270
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
292
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
295
296	!
297	!-- PALM interfaces:
298	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
299	INTERFACE stg_adjust
300	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
301	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
302	!
303	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
304	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
305	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
306	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
307
308	!
309	!-- Calculate filter functions
310	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
311	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
312	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
313
314	!
315	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
316	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
317	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
318	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
319	!
320	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
321	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
322	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
323	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
324
325	!
326	!-- Output of information to the header file
327	INTERFACE stg_header
328	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
329	END INTERFACE stg_header
330
331	!
332	!-- Initialization actions
333	INTERFACE stg_init
334	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
335	END INTERFACE stg_init
336
337	!
338	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
339	INTERFACE stg_main
340	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
341	END INTERFACE stg_main
342
343	!
344	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
345	INTERFACE stg_parin
346	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
347	END INTERFACE stg_parin
348
349	!
350	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
351	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
352	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
353	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
354
355	!
356	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
357	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
358	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
359	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
360
361	SAVE
362
363	PRIVATE
364
365	!
366	!-- Public interfaces
367	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
368	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
369
370	!
371	!-- Public variables
372	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
373	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
374	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
375
376
377	CONTAINS
378
379
380	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
381	! Description:
382	! ------------
383	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
384	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
385	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
386
387
388	USE control_parameters, &
389	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
390	turbulent_inflow
391
392	USE pmc_interface, &
393	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
394
395
396	IMPLICIT NONE
397
398	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
399	nesting_offline ) THEN
400	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
401	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
402	'in LES mode.'
403	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
404	ENDIF
405
406	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
407	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
408	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
409	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
410	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
411	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
412	ENDIF
413
414	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
415
416	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
417	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
418	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
419	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
420	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
421
422	ENDIF
423
424	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
425	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
426	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
427	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
428	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
429
430	ENDIF
431
432	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
433
434	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
435	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
436	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
437	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
438	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
439	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
440	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
441	ENDIF
442
443	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
444	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
445	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
446	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
447	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
448	ENDIF
449	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
450	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
451	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
452	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
453	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
454	ENDIF
455
456	ENDIF
457
458	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
459	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
460	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
461	'is not allowed'
462	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
463	ENDIF
464
465	ENDIF
466
467	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
468
469
470	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
471	! Description:
472	! ------------
473	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
474	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
475	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
476
477
478	IMPLICIT NONE
479
480	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
481
482	!
483	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
484	WRITE( io, 1 )
485	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
486	WRITE( io, 2 )
487	ELSE
488	WRITE( io, 3 )
489	ENDIF
490
491	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
492	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
493	ELSE
494	WRITE( io, 5 )
495	ENDIF
496
497	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
498	' ------------------------------------------'/)
499	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
500	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
501	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
502	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
503
504	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
505
506
507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
508	! Description:
509	! ------------
510	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
512	SUBROUTINE stg_init
513
514
515	USE arrays_3d, &
516	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu
517
518	USE control_parameters, &
519	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
520
521	USE grid_variables, &
522	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
523
524	USE indices, &
525	ONLY: nz
526
527	USE pmc_interface, &
528	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
529
530
531	IMPLICIT NONE
532
533	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
534
535	#if defined( __parallel )
536	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
537	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
538	#endif
539
540	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
541	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
542	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
543	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
544	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
545	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
546	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
547
548	!
549	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
550	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
551	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
552	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
553	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
554	REAL(wp) :: d11 !< vertical interpolation for a11
555	REAL(wp) :: d21 !< vertical interpolation for a21
556	REAL(wp) :: d22 !< vertical interpolation for a22
557	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
558	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
559	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
560	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
561	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
562	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
563	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
564	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
565
566
567	#if defined( __parallel )
568	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
569	#endif
570
571	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
572
573	#if defined( __parallel )
574	!
575	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
576	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
577	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
578	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
579
580	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
581	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
582
583	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
584	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
585	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
586	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
587	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
588
589	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
590	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
591	ENDIF
592
593	!
594	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
595	!-- velocity seeds
596	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
597	extent = 1 * realsize
598	!
599	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
600	!-- layer
601	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
602	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
603	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
604	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
605	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
606	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
607
608	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
609	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
610	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
611	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
612	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
613	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
614
615	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
616	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
617
618	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
619	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
620
621	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
622	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
623	ENDDO
624	!
625	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
626	!-- layer
627	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
628	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
629	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
630	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
631	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
632	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
633	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
634	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
635
636	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
637	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
638	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
639	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
640	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
641	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
642
643	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
644	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
645
646	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
647	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
648
649	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
650	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
651	ENDDO
652
653	ENDIF
654
655	#endif
656	!
657	!-- Define seed of random number
658	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
659	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
660	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
661	DO j = 1, nseed
662	seed(j) = startseed + j
663	ENDDO
664	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
665	!
666	!-- Allocate required arrays
667	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
668	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
669	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
670	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
671	ENDIF
672
673	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
674	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
675	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
676	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
677	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
678	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
679	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
680	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
681
682	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
683	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
684	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
685	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
686	!
687	!-- Read inflow profile
688	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
689	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
690	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
691	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
692	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
693	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
694
695	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
696
697	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
698	FORM='FORMATTED')
699	!
700	!-- Skip header
701	READ( 90, * )
702
703	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
704	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
705	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
706	d1, d2, d3, d5
707
708	!
709	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
710	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
711	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
712	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
713	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
714	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
715	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
716	!
717	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
718	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
719	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
720	nux(k) = nuy(k)
721	!
722	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
723	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
724	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
725	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
726	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
727	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
728	ENDIF
729	ENDDO
730	!
731	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
732	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
733	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
734	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
735	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
736	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
737	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
738
739	CLOSE( 90 )
740	!
741	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
742	!-- (Lund rotation)
743	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
744	!
745	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
746	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
747	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
748	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
749	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
750	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
751	ELSE
752	!
753	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
754	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
755	!
756	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
757	!-- scales
758	CALL calc_scaling_variables
759	!
760	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
761	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
762	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
763
764	ENDIF
765
766	!
767	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
768	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
769	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
770	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
771	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
772	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
773	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
774	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
775	ENDIF
776
777	!
778	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
779	merg = 0
780
781	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
782	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
783	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
784	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
785	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
786	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
787	ENDDO
788
789	merg = 2 * merg
790	mergp = merg + nbgp
791
792	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
793	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
794	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
795	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
796	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
797	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
798	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
799	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
800	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
801
802	!
803	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
804	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
805	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
806	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
807
808	!
809	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
810	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
811	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
812	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
813
814	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
815	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
816	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
817	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
818	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
819	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
820
821	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
822	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
823	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
824	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
825	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
826	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
827
828	!
829	!-- Create filter functions
830	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
831	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
832	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
833	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
834	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
835	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
836	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
837	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
838	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
839
840	#if defined( __parallel )
841	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
842	#endif
843
844	!
845	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
846	! time step.
847	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
848	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
849	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
850	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
851
852	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
853	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
854
855	DO j = nysg, nyng
856	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
857
858	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
859	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
860	ELSE
861	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
862	ENDIF
863
864	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
865	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
866	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
867	ELSE
868	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
869	ENDIF
870
871	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
872	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
873	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
874	ELSE
875	fw_yz = 0._wp
876	ENDIF
877
878	ENDDO
879	ENDDO
880	ENDIF
881	ENDIF
882
883	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
884
885	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
886
887
888	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
889	! Description:
890	! ------------
891	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
892	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
893	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
894	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
895
896
897	IMPLICIT NONE
898
899	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
900	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
901	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
902	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
903
904	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
905	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
906
907	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
908
909	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
910
911
912	bxx = 0.0_wp
913
914	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
915	bdenom = 0.0_wp
916	n_k = nxx(k)
917	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
918	n_k2 = n_k * 2
919
920	!
921	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
922	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
923	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
924	ENDDO
925
926	!
927	!-- ( Eq.9 )
928	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
929	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
930	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
931	ENDDO
932	ENDIF
933	ENDDO
934
935	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
936
937
938	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
939	! Description:
940	! ------------
941	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
942	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
943	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
944
945
946	IMPLICIT NONE
947
948	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
949
950
951	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
952
953	line = ' '
954
955	!
956	!-- Try to find stg package
957	REWIND ( 11 )
958	line = ' '
959	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
960	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
961	ENDDO
962	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
963
964	!
965	!-- Read namelist
966	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
967
968	!
969	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
970	!-- on
971	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
972	GOTO 20
973
974	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
975	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
976	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
977
978	20 CONTINUE
979
980	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
981
982
983	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
984	! Description:
985	! ------------
986	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
987	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
988	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
989
990
991	USE control_parameters, &
992	ONLY: length, restart_string
993
994
995	IMPLICIT NONE
996
997	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
998
999
1000	found = .TRUE.
1001
1002
1003	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1004
1005	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
1006	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
1007	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1008	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1009
1010	CASE DEFAULT
1011
1012	found = .FALSE.
1013
1014	END SELECT
1015
1016
1017	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
1018
1019
1020	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1021	! Description:
1022	! ------------
1023	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1024	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1025	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1026
1027
1028	IMPLICIT NONE
1029
1030	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1031	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1032
1033	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1034	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1035
1036
1037	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1038
1039
1040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1041	! Description:
1042	! ------------
1043	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1044	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1045	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1046	!> (Lund, 1998).
1047	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1048	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1049
1050
1051	USE arrays_3d, &
1052	ONLY: dzw
1053
1054	USE control_parameters, &
1055	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, intermediate_timestep_count, &
1056	nesting_offline, rans_mode, simulated_time, volume_flow_initial
1057
1058	USE grid_variables, &
1059	ONLY: dx, dy
1060
1061	USE indices, &
1062	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1063
1064	USE statistics, &
1065	ONLY: weight_substep
1066
1067	USE pmc_interface, &
1068	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1069
1070
1071	IMPLICIT NONE
1072
1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1074	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1076
1077	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1078	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1079	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1080	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1081
1082	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1083
1084	!
1085	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1086	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call ) !* weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count)
1087	!
1088	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1089	IF ( simulated_time == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1090	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1091	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1092	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1093
1094	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1095	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1096	!
1097	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1098	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1099	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1100	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1101	!
1102	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1103	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1104	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1105	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1106	!
1107	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1108	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1109	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1110	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1111	ENDIF
1112	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1113	ENDIF
1114
1115	!
1116	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1117	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1118	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1119	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1120
1121	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1122	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1123	!
1124	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1125	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1126	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1127	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1128	!
1129	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1130	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1131	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1132	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1133	!
1134	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1135	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1136	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1137	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1138	ENDIF
1139
1140	!
1141	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1142	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1143
1144	DO j = nysg, nyng
1145	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1146	!
1147	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1148	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1149	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1150	ELSE
1151	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1152	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1153	ENDIF
1154
1155	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1156	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1157	ELSE
1158	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1159	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1160	ENDIF
1161
1162	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1163	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1164	ELSE
1165	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1166	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1167	ENDIF
1168	!
1169	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1170	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1171	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1172	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1173	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1174	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1175	ELSE
1176	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1177	!experimental test of 1.2
1178	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1179	* 1.2_wp ) &
1180	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1181	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1182	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1183	* 1.3_wp ) &
1184	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1185	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1186	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1187	ENDIF
1188
1189	ENDDO
1190	ENDDO
1191
1192	!
1193	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1194	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1195	!-- inflow boundary
1196	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1197	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1198	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1199	DO j = nys, nyn
1200	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1201	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1202	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1203	ENDDO
1204	ENDDO
1205
1206	#if defined( __parallel )
1207	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1208	comm1dy, ierr )
1209	#else
1210	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1211	#endif
1212
1213	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1214
1215	!
1216	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1217	DO j = nysg, nyng
1218	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1219	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1220	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1221	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1222	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1223	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1224	ENDDO
1225	ENDDO
1226
1227	ELSE
1228	!
1229	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1230	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1231	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1232
1233	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1234	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1235	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1236	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1237	DO j = nys, nyn
1238	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1239	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1240	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1241	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1242
1243	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1244	* dzw(k) * dy &
1245	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1246	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1247	ENDDO
1248	ENDDO
1249	#if defined( __parallel )
1250	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1251	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1252	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1253	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1254	#else
1255	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1256	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1257	#endif
1258
1259	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1260
1261	!
1262	!-- Add disturbances
1263	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1264	DO j = nys, nyn
1265	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1266	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1267	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1268	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1269	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1270	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1271	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1272	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1273	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1274	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1275	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1276	ENDDO
1277	ENDDO
1278	ENDIF
1279	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1280	DO j = nys, nyn
1281	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1282	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1283	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1284	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1285	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1286	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1287	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1288	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1289	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1290	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1291	ENDDO
1292	ENDDO
1293	ENDIF
1294	ENDIF
1295
1296	ENDIF
1297	!
1298	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1299	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1300
1301	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1302	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1303	!
1304	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1305	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1306	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1307	ELSE
1308	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1309	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1310	ENDIF
1311
1312	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1313	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1314	ELSE
1315	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1316	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1317	ENDIF
1318
1319	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1320	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1321	ELSE
1322	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1323	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1324	ENDIF
1325	!
1326	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1327	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1328	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1329	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1330	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1331	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1332
1333	ELSE
1334	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1335	!experimental test of 1.2
1336	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1337	* 1.2_wp ) &
1338	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1339	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1340	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1341	* 1.3_wp ) &
1342	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1343	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1344	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1345	ENDIF
1346
1347	ENDDO
1348	ENDDO
1349
1350	!
1351	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1352	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1353	!-- inflow boundary.
1354	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1355	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1356	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1357
1358	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1359	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1360	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1361	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1362	DO i = nxl, nxr
1363	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1364	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1365	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1366	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1367
1368	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1369	* dzw(k) * dx &
1370	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1371	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1372	ENDDO
1373	ENDDO
1374	#if defined( __parallel )
1375	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1376	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1377	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1378	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1379	#else
1380	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1381	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1382	#endif
1383
1384	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1385
1386	!
1387	!-- Add disturbances
1388	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1389
1390	DO i = nxl, nxr
1391	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1392	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1393	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1394	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1395	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1396	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1397	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1398	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1399	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1400	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1401	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1402	ENDDO
1403	ENDDO
1404	ENDIF
1405	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1406
1407	DO i = nxl, nxr
1408	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1409	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1410	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1411	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1412	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1413	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1414	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1415	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1416	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1417	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1418	ENDDO
1419	ENDDO
1420	ENDIF
1421	ENDIF
1422	!
1423	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1424	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1425
1426	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1427
1428	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1429
1430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1431	! Description:
1432	! ------------
1433	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1434	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1435	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1436	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1437	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1438	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1439	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1440
1441
1442	USE indices, &
1443	ONLY: ny
1444
1445	IMPLICIT NONE
1446
1447	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1448	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1449	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1450	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1451	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1452	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1453
1454	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1455	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1456	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1457	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1458
1459	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1460	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1461	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1462
1463	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1465	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1468
1469
1470	!
1471	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1472	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1473	!-- unit variance.
1474	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1475
1476	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1477	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1478	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1479
1480	DO j = 0, ny
1481	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1482	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1483	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1484	ENDDO
1485	ENDDO
1486
1487	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1488
1489	DO j = 0, ny
1490	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1491	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1492	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1493	ENDDO
1494	ENDDO
1495
1496	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1497
1498	DO j = 0, ny
1499	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1500	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1501	ENDDO
1502	ENDDO
1503
1504	!
1505	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1506	DO j = 0, ny
1507	DO k = 1, mergp
1508	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1509	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1510	ENDDO
1511	ENDDO
1512	DO j = 1, mergp
1513	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1514	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1515	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1516	ENDDO
1517	ENDDO
1518
1519	!
1520	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1521	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1522	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1523	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1524
1525	DO j = nysg, nyng
1526	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1527	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1528	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1529	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1530	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1531	ENDDO
1532	ENDDO
1533	ENDDO
1534	ENDDO
1535
1536	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1537	!
1538	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1539	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1540	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1541
1542	#if defined( __parallel )
1543	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1544	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1545	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1546	#else
1547	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1548	#endif
1549
1550
1551	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1557	! Description:
1558	! ------------
1559	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1560	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1561	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1562	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1563	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1564	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1565	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1566
1567
1568	USE indices, &
1569	ONLY: nx
1570
1571
1572	IMPLICIT NONE
1573
1574	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1575	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1576	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1577	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1578	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1579	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1580
1581	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1582	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1583	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1584	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1585
1586	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1587	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1588	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1589
1590	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1591	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1592	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1593	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1594	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1595
1596
1597	!
1598	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1599	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1600	!-- unit variance.
1601	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1602
1603	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1604	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1605	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1606
1607	DO i = 0, nx
1608	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1609	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1610	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1611	ENDDO
1612	ENDDO
1613
1614	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1615
1616	DO i = 0, nx
1617	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1618	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1619	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1620	ENDDO
1621	ENDDO
1622
1623	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1624
1625	DO i = 0, nx
1626	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1627	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1628	ENDDO
1629	ENDDO
1630
1631	!
1632	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1633	DO i = 0, nx
1634	DO k = 1, mergp
1635	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1636	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1637	ENDDO
1638	ENDDO
1639	DO i = 1, mergp
1640	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1641	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1642	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1643	ENDDO
1644	ENDDO
1645
1646	!
1647	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1648	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1649	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1650	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1651
1652	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1653	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1654	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1655	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1656	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1657	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1658	ENDDO
1659	ENDDO
1660	ENDDO
1661	ENDDO
1662
1663	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1664
1665	!
1666	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1667	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1668	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1669
1670
1671	#if defined( __parallel )
1672	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1673	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1674	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1675	#else
1676	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1677	#endif
1678
1679
1680	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1681
1682	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1683	! Description:
1684	! ------------
1685	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1686	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1687	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1688	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1689	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1690	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1691
1692	USE arrays_3d, &
1693	ONLY: zu
1694
1695	IMPLICIT NONE
1696
1697	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1698
1699	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1700
1701	!
1702	!--
1703	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1704
1705	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1706	!
1707	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1708	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1709	!
1710	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1711	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1712	!-- zero.
1713	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1714	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
1715	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1716	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1717	0.0_wp, &
1718	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1719	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1720	)
1721
1722	r22(k) = r11(k)
1723	!
1724	!-- w'w'
1725	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1726	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1727	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1728	)
1729	!
1730	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1731	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1732	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1733	)
1734
1735	r32(k) = r31(k)
1736	!
1737	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1738	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1739	r21(k) = r31(k)
1740	!
1741	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1742	ELSE
1743	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1744	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1745	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1746	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1747	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1748	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1749	ENDIF
1750	ENDDO
1751
1752	!
1753	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1754	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1755	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1756	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1757
1758	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1759	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1760	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1761
1762
1763	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1764
1765	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1766	! Description:
1767	! ------------
1768	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1769	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1770	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1771
1772	IMPLICIT NONE
1773
1774	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1775
1776	!
1777	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1778	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1779	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1780	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1781	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1782	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1783	ELSE
1784	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1785	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1786	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1787	ENDIF
1788	ENDDO
1789	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1790	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1791	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1792	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1793	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1794	ELSE
1795	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1796	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1797	ENDIF
1798	ENDDO
1799	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1800	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1801	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1802	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1803	ELSE
1804	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1805	ENDIF
1806	ENDDO
1807	!
1808	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1809	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1810	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1811	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1812	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1813	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1814	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1815
1816	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1817
1818	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1819	! Description:
1820	! ------------
1821	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1822	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1823	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1824	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1825
1826	IMPLICIT NONE
1827
1828	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
1829
1830	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1831	!
1832	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1833	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1834	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1835	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1836	!
1837	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1838	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1839	!
1840	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1841	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1842	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1843	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1844	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1845	!
1846	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1847	!-- (Lund rotation)
1848	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1849	!
1850	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1851	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1852	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1853	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1854	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1855	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1856	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1857	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1858	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1859	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1860	!
1861	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1862	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1863
1864	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1865
1866	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1867
1868
1869	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1870	! Description:
1871	! ------------
1872	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1873	!> from measurements.
1874	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1875	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1876
1877	USE arrays_3d, &
1878	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu, zw
1879
1880	USE grid_variables, &
1881	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1882
1883	USE statistics, &
1884	ONLY: hom
1885
1886	IMPLICIT NONE
1887
1888
1889	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1890
1891	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1892
1893	!
1894	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1895	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1896	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1897	!
1898	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1899	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1900	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1901	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1902	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1903	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1904	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1905	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1906	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1907	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1908
1909	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1910
1911	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1912	!
1913	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1914	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1915	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1916	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1917	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1918	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1919	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1920	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1921	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1922	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1923	!
1924	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1925	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1926	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1927	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1928	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
1929	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1930	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1931	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1932	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1933	!
1934	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
1935	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
1936	!
1937	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
1938	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
1939	!-- computations power.
1940	ELSE
1941	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
1942	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
1943	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
1944	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
1945	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
1946	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
1947	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
1948	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
1949	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
1950
1951	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
1952	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
1953	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
1954	ENDIF
1955	ENDDO
1956	!
1957	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
1958	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
1959	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
1960	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
1961	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
1962	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
1963	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
1964	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
1965	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
1966	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
1967
1968	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
1969	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
1970	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
1971
1972
1973	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1974
1975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1976	! Description:
1977	! ------------
1978	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
1979	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
1980	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
1981	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1982	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
1983
1984
1985	USE control_parameters, &
1986	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
1987	humidity, pt_surface
1988
1989	USE indices, &
1990	ONLY: nx, ny
1991
1992	USE surface_mod, &
1993	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
1994
1995	IMPLICIT NONE
1996
1997	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1998	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1999	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
2000	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
2001	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
2002	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
2003
2004	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
2005	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
2006	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
2007	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
2008	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
2009	REAL(wp) :: vpt_surface !< near-surface virtual potential temperature
2010	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
2011	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
2012	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
2013
2014	!
2015	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
2016	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
2017	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
2018	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
2019	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
2020	!-- This need to be revised later.
2021	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2022	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2023	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2024	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
2025	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
2026	ENDDO
2027	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2028	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
2029	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
2030	ENDDO
2031	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2032	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
2033	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
2034	ENDDO
2035
2036	#if defined( __parallel )
2037	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2038	comm2d, ierr )
2039	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2040	comm2d, ierr )
2041	#else
2042	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
2043	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2044	#endif
2045	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2046	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2047
2048	!
2049	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
2050	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
2051	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
2052	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
2053	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
2054	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height,
2055	!-- which is 10 m, according to the height of the 1st vertical grid level
2056	!-- in the COSMO level. However, in case of topography that is higher than
2057	!-- the reference level, the k index is determined from the 1st vertical
2058	!-- PALM grid level instead.
2059	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
2060	!-- COSMO vertical level.
2061	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
2062
2063	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2064	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
2065
2066	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
2067
2068	DO j = nys, nyn
2069	!
2070	!-- Determine the k index and topography top index
2071	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2072	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2073	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2074	!
2075	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
2076	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
2077	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
2078	!-- inflow profiles.
2079	u_int = MERGE( u(k,j,i+1), u(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
2080	v_int = v(k,j,i)
2081	!
2082	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
2083	!-- neutral condtions.
2084	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2085	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2086	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2087
2088	ENDDO
2089
2090	ENDIF
2091
2092	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
2093
2094	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
2095
2096	DO i = nxl, nxr
2097
2098	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2099	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2100	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2101
2102	u_int = u(k,j,i)
2103	v_int = MERGE( v(k,j+1,i), v(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
2104
2105	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2106	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2107	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2108
2109	ENDDO
2110
2111	ENDIF
2112
2113	#if defined( __parallel )
2114	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2115	comm2d, ierr )
2116	#else
2117	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2118	#endif
2119	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
2120
2121	!
2122	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
2123	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2124	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
2125	ELSE
2126	scale_l = 0.0_wp
2127	ENDIF
2128
2129	!
2130	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2131	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2132	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2133	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2134	ELSE
2135	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2136	ENDIF
2137	!
2138	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2139	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2140	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2141	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2142
2143	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2144
2145	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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