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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3435

Last change on this file since 3435 was 3376, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Additional checks for consistent building initialization; error messages and numbers are revised in STG
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 81.2 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z gronemeier $
27	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
28	!
29	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
30	! Fix for format descriptor
31	!
32	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
33	! - Revise structure of init routine
34	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
35	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
36	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
37	!
38	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
39	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
40	!
41	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
42	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
43	!
44	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
45	! Minor formating changes
46	!
47	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
48	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
49	!
50	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
51	! unused variables removed
52	!
53	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
54	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
55	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
56	!
57	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
58	! Rename variables and extend error message
59	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
60	!
61	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
62	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
63	! by dz(1)
64	!
65	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
66	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
67	!
68	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
69	! Error messages revised
70	!
71	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
72	! Add missing variable descriptions
73	!
74	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
75	! updated variable descriptions
76	!
77	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
78	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
79	!
80	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
81	! Remove unused module load
82	!
83	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
84	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
85	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
86	! the x- and y-dimension
87	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
88	!
89	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
90	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
91	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
92	!
93	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
94	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
95	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
96	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
97	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
98	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
99	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
100	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
101	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
102	!
103	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
104	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
105	!
106	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
107	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
108	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
109	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
110	! data
111	!
112	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
113	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
114	!
115	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
116	! Change in file header (GPL part)
117	!
118	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
119	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
120	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
121	!
122	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
123	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
124	! parameters during reading restart data
125	!
126	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
127	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
128	!
129	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
130	! Initial revision
131	!
132	!
133	!
134	! Authors:
135	! --------
136	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
137	!
138	!
139	!
140	! Description:
141	! ------------
142	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
143	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
144	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
145	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
146	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
147	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
148	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
149	!> within the boundary layer.
150	!>
151	!> @todo test restart
152	!> enable cyclic_fill
153	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
154	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
155	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
156	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
157	!> must match with current PALM grid.
158	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
159	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
160	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
161	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
162
163
164	USE arrays_3d, &
165	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
166
167	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
168	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
169
170	USE control_parameters, &
171	ONLY: initializing_actions, num_mean_inflow_profiles, message_string, &
172	syn_turb_gen
173
174	USE cpulog, &
175	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point
176
177	USE indices, &
178	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
179
180	USE kinds
181
182	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
183	USE MPI
184	#endif
185
186	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
187	ONLY: zi_ribulk
188
189	USE pegrid, &
190	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
191
192	USE transpose_indices, &
193	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
194
195
196	IMPLICIT NONE
197
198	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
199	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
200	#endif
201
202
203	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
204	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
205	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
206
207	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
208	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
209	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
210	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
211	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
212	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
213	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
214	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
215	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
216	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
217	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
218	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
219	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
220	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
221
222	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
223	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
224	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
225	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
226	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
228	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
229	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
230	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
232	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
233	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
234	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
235	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
236
237	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
238	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
239	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
240	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
241	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
242	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
243	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
244	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
245	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
246
247
248	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
249	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
250	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
251	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
252	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
253	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
254
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
264
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
286
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
289
290	!
291	!-- PALM interfaces:
292	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
293	INTERFACE stg_adjust
294	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
295	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
296	!
297	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
298	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
299	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
300	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
301
302	!
303	!-- Calculate filter functions
304	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
305	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
306	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
307
308	!
309	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
310	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
311	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
312	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
313	!
314	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
315	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
316	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
317	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
318
319	!
320	!-- Output of information to the header file
321	INTERFACE stg_header
322	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
323	END INTERFACE stg_header
324
325	!
326	!-- Initialization actions
327	INTERFACE stg_init
328	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
329	END INTERFACE stg_init
330
331	!
332	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
333	INTERFACE stg_main
334	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
335	END INTERFACE stg_main
336
337	!
338	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
339	INTERFACE stg_parin
340	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
341	END INTERFACE stg_parin
342
343	!
344	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
345	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
346	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
347	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
348
349	!
350	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
351	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
352	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
353	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
354
355	SAVE
356
357	PRIVATE
358
359	!
360	!-- Public interfaces
361	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
362	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
363
364	!
365	!-- Public variables
366	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
367	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
368	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
369
370
371	CONTAINS
372
373
374	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
375	! Description:
376	! ------------
377	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
378	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
379	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
380
381
382	USE control_parameters, &
383	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
384	turbulent_inflow
385
386	USE pmc_interface, &
387	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
388
389
390	IMPLICIT NONE
391
392	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
393	nesting_offline ) THEN
394	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
395	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
396	'in LES mode.'
397	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
398	ENDIF
399
400	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
401	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
402	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
403	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
404	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
405	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
406	ENDIF
407
408	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
409
410	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
411
412	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
413	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
414	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
415	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
416	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
417	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
418	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
419	ENDIF
420
421	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
422	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
423	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
424	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
425	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
426	ENDIF
427	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
428	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
429	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
430	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
431	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
432	ENDIF
433
434	ENDIF
435
436	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
437	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
438	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
439	'is not allowed'
440	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
441	ENDIF
442
443	ENDIF
444
445	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
446
447
448	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
449	! Description:
450	! ------------
451	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
452	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
453	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
454
455
456	IMPLICIT NONE
457
458	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
459
460	!
461	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
462	WRITE( io, 1 )
463	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
464	WRITE( io, 2 )
465	ELSE
466	WRITE( io, 3 )
467	ENDIF
468
469	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
470	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
471	ELSE
472	WRITE( io, 5 )
473	ENDIF
474
475	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
476	' ------------------------------------------'/)
477	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
478	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
479	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
480	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
481
482	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
483
484
485	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
486	! Description:
487	! ------------
488	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
489	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
490	SUBROUTINE stg_init
491
492
493	USE arrays_3d, &
494	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu
495
496	USE control_parameters, &
497	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
498
499	USE grid_variables, &
500	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
501
502	USE indices, &
503	ONLY: nz
504
505	USE pmc_interface, &
506	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
507
508
509	IMPLICIT NONE
510
511	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
512
513	#if defined( __parallel )
514	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
515	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
516	#endif
517
518	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
519	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
520	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
521	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
522	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
523	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
524	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
525
526	!
527	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
528	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
529	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
530	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
531	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
532	REAL(wp) :: d11 !< vertical interpolation for a11
533	REAL(wp) :: d21 !< vertical interpolation for a21
534	REAL(wp) :: d22 !< vertical interpolation for a22
535	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
536	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
537	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
538	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
539	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
540	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
541	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
542	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
543
544
545	#if defined( __parallel )
546	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
547	#endif
548
549	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
550
551	#if defined( __parallel )
552	!
553	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
554	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
555	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
556	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
557
558	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
559	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
560
561	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
562	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
563	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
564	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
565	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
566
567	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
568	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
569	ENDIF
570
571	!
572	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
573	!-- velocity seeds
574	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
575	extent = 1 * realsize
576	!
577	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
578	!-- layer
579	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
580	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
581	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
582	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
583	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
584	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
585
586	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
587	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
588	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
589	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
590	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
591	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
592
593	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
594	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
595
596	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
597	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
598
599	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
600	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
601	ENDDO
602	!
603	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
604	!-- layer
605	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
606	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
607	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
608	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
609	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
610	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
611	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
612	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
613
614	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
615	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
616	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
617	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
618	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
619	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
620
621	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
622	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
623
624	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
625	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
626
627	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
628	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
629	ENDDO
630
631	ENDIF
632
633	#endif
634	!
635	!-- Define seed of random number
636	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
637	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
638	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
639	DO j = 1, nseed
640	seed(j) = startseed + j
641	ENDDO
642	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
643	!
644	!-- Allocate required arrays
645	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
646	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
647	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
648	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
649	ENDIF
650
651	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
652	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
653	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
654	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
655	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
656	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
657	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
658	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
659
660	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
661	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
662	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
663	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
664	!
665	!-- Read inflow profile
666	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
667	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
668	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
669	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
670	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
671	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
672
673	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
674
675	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
676	FORM='FORMATTED')
677	!
678	!-- Skip header
679	READ( 90, * )
680
681	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
682	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
683	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
684	d1, d2, d3, d5
685
686	!
687	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
688	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
689	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
690	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
691	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
692	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
693	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
694	!
695	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
696	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
697	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
698	nux(k) = nuy(k)
699	!
700	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
701	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
702	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
703	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
704	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
705	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
706	ENDIF
707	ENDDO
708	!
709	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
710	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
711	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
712	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
713	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
714	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
715	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
716
717	CLOSE( 90 )
718	!
719	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
720	!-- (Lund rotation)
721	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
722	!
723	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
724	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
725	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
726	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
727	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
728	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
729	ELSE
730	!
731	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
732	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
733	!
734	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
735	!-- scales
736	CALL calc_scaling_variables
737	!
738	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
739	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
740	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
741
742	ENDIF
743
744	!
745	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
746	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
747	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
748	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
749	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
750	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
751	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
752	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
753	ENDIF
754
755	!
756	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
757	merg = 0
758
759	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
760	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
761	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
762	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
763	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
764	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
765	ENDDO
766
767	merg = 2 * merg
768	mergp = merg + nbgp
769
770	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
771	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
772	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
773	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
774	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
775	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
776	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
777	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
778	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
779
780	!
781	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
782	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
783	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
784	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
785
786	!
787	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
788	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
789	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
790	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
791
792	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
793	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
794	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
795	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
796	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
797	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
798
799	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
800	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
801	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
802	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
803	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
804	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
805
806	!
807	!-- Create filter functions
808	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
809	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
810	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
811	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
812	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
813	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
814	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
815	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
816	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
817
818	#if defined( __parallel )
819	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
820	#endif
821
822	!
823	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
824	! time step.
825	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
826	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
827	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
828	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
829
830	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
831	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
832
833	DO j = nysg, nyng
834	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
835
836	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
837	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
838	ELSE
839	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
840	ENDIF
841
842	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
843	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
844	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
845	ELSE
846	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
847	ENDIF
848
849	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
850	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
851	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
852	ELSE
853	fw_yz = 0._wp
854	ENDIF
855
856	ENDDO
857	ENDDO
858	ENDIF
859	ENDIF
860
861	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
862
863	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
864
865
866	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
867	! Description:
868	! ------------
869	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
870	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
871	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
872	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
873
874
875	IMPLICIT NONE
876
877	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
878	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
879	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
880	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
881
882	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
883	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
884
885	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
886
887	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
888
889
890	bxx = 0.0_wp
891
892	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
893	bdenom = 0.0_wp
894	n_k = nxx(k)
895	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
896	n_k2 = n_k * 2
897
898	!
899	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
900	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
901	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
902	ENDDO
903
904	!
905	!-- ( Eq.9 )
906	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
907	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
908	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
909	ENDDO
910	ENDIF
911	ENDDO
912
913	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
914
915
916	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
917	! Description:
918	! ------------
919	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
920	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
921	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
922
923
924	IMPLICIT NONE
925
926	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
927
928
929	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
930
931	line = ' '
932
933	!
934	!-- Try to find stg package
935	REWIND ( 11 )
936	line = ' '
937	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
938	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
939	ENDDO
940	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
941
942	!
943	!-- Read namelist
944	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
945
946	!
947	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
948	!-- on
949	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
950	GOTO 20
951
952	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
953	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
954	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
955
956	20 CONTINUE
957
958	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
959
960
961	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
962	! Description:
963	! ------------
964	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
965	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
966	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
967
968
969	USE control_parameters, &
970	ONLY: length, restart_string
971
972
973	IMPLICIT NONE
974
975	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
976
977
978	found = .TRUE.
979
980
981	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
982
983	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
984	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
985	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
986	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
987
988	CASE DEFAULT
989
990	found = .FALSE.
991
992	END SELECT
993
994
995	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
996
997
998	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
999	! Description:
1000	! ------------
1001	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1002	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1003	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1004
1005
1006	IMPLICIT NONE
1007
1008	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1009	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1010
1011	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1012	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1013
1014
1015	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1016
1017
1018	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1019	! Description:
1020	! ------------
1021	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1022	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1023	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1024	!> (Lund, 1998).
1025	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1026	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1027
1028
1029	USE arrays_3d, &
1030	ONLY: dzw
1031
1032	USE control_parameters, &
1033	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, intermediate_timestep_count, &
1034	nesting_offline, rans_mode, simulated_time, volume_flow_initial
1035
1036	USE grid_variables, &
1037	ONLY: dx, dy
1038
1039	USE indices, &
1040	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1041
1042	USE statistics, &
1043	ONLY: weight_substep
1044
1045	USE pmc_interface, &
1046	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1047
1048
1049	IMPLICIT NONE
1050
1051	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1052	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1053	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1054
1055	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1056	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1057	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1058	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1059
1060	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1061
1062	!
1063	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1064	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call ) !* weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count)
1065	!
1066	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1067	IF ( simulated_time == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1068	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1069	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1070	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1071
1072	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1073	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1074	!
1075	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1076	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1077	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1078	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1079	!
1080	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1081	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1082	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1083	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1084	!
1085	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1086	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1087	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1088	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1089	ENDIF
1090	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1091	ENDIF
1092
1093	!
1094	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1095	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1096	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1097	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1098
1099	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1100	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1101	!
1102	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1103	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1104	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1105	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1106	!
1107	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1108	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1109	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1110	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1111	!
1112	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1113	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1114	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1115	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1116	ENDIF
1117
1118	!
1119	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1120	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1121
1122	DO j = nysg, nyng
1123	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1124	!
1125	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1126	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1127	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1128	ELSE
1129	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1130	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1131	ENDIF
1132
1133	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1134	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1135	ELSE
1136	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1137	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1138	ENDIF
1139
1140	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1141	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1142	ELSE
1143	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1144	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1145	ENDIF
1146	!
1147	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1148	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1149	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1150	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1151	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1152	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1153	ELSE
1154	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1155	!experimental test of 1.2
1156	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1157	* 1.2_wp ) &
1158	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1159	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1160	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1161	* 1.3_wp ) &
1162	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1163	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1164	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1165	ENDIF
1166
1167	ENDDO
1168	ENDDO
1169
1170	!
1171	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1172	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1173	!-- inflow boundary
1174	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1175	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1176	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1177	DO j = nys, nyn
1178	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1179	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1180	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1181	ENDDO
1182	ENDDO
1183
1184	#if defined( __parallel )
1185	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1186	comm1dy, ierr )
1187	#else
1188	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1189	#endif
1190
1191	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1192
1193	!
1194	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1195	DO j = nysg, nyng
1196	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1197	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1198	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1199	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1200	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1201	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1202	ENDDO
1203	ENDDO
1204
1205	ELSE
1206	!
1207	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1208	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1209	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1210
1211	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1212	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1213	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1214	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1215	DO j = nys, nyn
1216	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1217	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1218	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1219	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1220
1221	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1222	* dzw(k) * dy &
1223	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1224	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1225	ENDDO
1226	ENDDO
1227	#if defined( __parallel )
1228	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1229	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1230	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1231	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1232	#else
1233	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1234	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1235	#endif
1236
1237	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1238
1239	!
1240	!-- Add disturbances
1241	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1242	DO j = nys, nyn
1243	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1244	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1245	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1246	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1247	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1248	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1249	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1250	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1251	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1252	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1253	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1254	ENDDO
1255	ENDDO
1256	ENDIF
1257	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1258	DO j = nys, nyn
1259	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1260	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1261	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1262	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1263	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1264	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1265	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1266	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1267	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1268	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1269	ENDDO
1270	ENDDO
1271	ENDIF
1272	ENDIF
1273
1274	ENDIF
1275	!
1276	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1277	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1278
1279	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1280	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1281	!
1282	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1283	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1284	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1285	ELSE
1286	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1287	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1288	ENDIF
1289
1290	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1291	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1292	ELSE
1293	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1294	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1295	ENDIF
1296
1297	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1298	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1299	ELSE
1300	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1301	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1302	ENDIF
1303	!
1304	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1305	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1306	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1307	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1308	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1309	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1310
1311	ELSE
1312	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1313	!experimental test of 1.2
1314	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1315	* 1.2_wp ) &
1316	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1317	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1318	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1319	* 1.3_wp ) &
1320	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1321	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1322	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1323	ENDIF
1324
1325	ENDDO
1326	ENDDO
1327
1328	!
1329	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1330	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1331	!-- inflow boundary.
1332	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1333	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1334	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1335
1336	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1337	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1338	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1339	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1340	DO i = nxl, nxr
1341	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1342	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1343	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1344	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1345
1346	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1347	* dzw(k) * dx &
1348	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1349	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1350	ENDDO
1351	ENDDO
1352	#if defined( __parallel )
1353	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1354	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1355	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1356	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1357	#else
1358	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1359	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1360	#endif
1361
1362	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1363
1364	!
1365	!-- Add disturbances
1366	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1367
1368	DO i = nxl, nxr
1369	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1370	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1371	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1372	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1373	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1374	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1375	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1376	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1377	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1378	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1379	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1380	ENDDO
1381	ENDDO
1382	ENDIF
1383	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1384
1385	DO i = nxl, nxr
1386	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1387	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1388	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1389	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1390	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1391	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1392	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1393	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1394	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1395	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1396	ENDDO
1397	ENDDO
1398	ENDIF
1399	ENDIF
1400	!
1401	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1402	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1403
1404	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1405
1406	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1407
1408	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1409	! Description:
1410	! ------------
1411	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1412	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1413	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1414	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1415	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1417	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1418
1419
1420	USE indices, &
1421	ONLY: ny
1422
1423	IMPLICIT NONE
1424
1425	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1426	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1427	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1428	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1429	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1430	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1431
1432	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1433	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1434	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1435	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1436
1437	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1438	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1439	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1440
1441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1446
1447
1448	!
1449	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1450	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1451	!-- unit variance.
1452	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1453
1454	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1455	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1456	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1457
1458	DO j = 0, ny
1459	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1460	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1461	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1462	ENDDO
1463	ENDDO
1464
1465	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1466
1467	DO j = 0, ny
1468	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1469	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1470	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1471	ENDDO
1472	ENDDO
1473
1474	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1475
1476	DO j = 0, ny
1477	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1478	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1479	ENDDO
1480	ENDDO
1481
1482	!
1483	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1484	DO j = 0, ny
1485	DO k = 1, mergp
1486	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1487	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1488	ENDDO
1489	ENDDO
1490	DO j = 1, mergp
1491	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1492	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1493	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1494	ENDDO
1495	ENDDO
1496
1497	!
1498	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1499	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1500	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1501	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1502
1503	DO j = nysg, nyng
1504	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1505	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1506	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1507	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1508	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1509	ENDDO
1510	ENDDO
1511	ENDDO
1512	ENDDO
1513
1514	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1515	!
1516	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1517	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1518	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1519
1520	#if defined( __parallel )
1521	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1522	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1523	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1524	#else
1525	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1526	#endif
1527
1528
1529	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1535	! Description:
1536	! ------------
1537	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1538	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1539	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1540	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1541	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1542	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1543	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1544
1545
1546	USE indices, &
1547	ONLY: nx
1548
1549
1550	IMPLICIT NONE
1551
1552	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1553	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1554	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1555	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1556	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1557	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1558
1559	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1560	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1561	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1562	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1563
1564	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1565	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1566	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1567
1568	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1569	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1570	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1571	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1572	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1573
1574
1575	!
1576	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1577	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1578	!-- unit variance.
1579	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1580
1581	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1582	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1583	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1584
1585	DO i = 0, nx
1586	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1587	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1588	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1589	ENDDO
1590	ENDDO
1591
1592	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1593
1594	DO i = 0, nx
1595	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1596	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1597	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1598	ENDDO
1599	ENDDO
1600
1601	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1602
1603	DO i = 0, nx
1604	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1605	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1606	ENDDO
1607	ENDDO
1608
1609	!
1610	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1611	DO i = 0, nx
1612	DO k = 1, mergp
1613	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1614	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1615	ENDDO
1616	ENDDO
1617	DO i = 1, mergp
1618	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1619	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1620	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1621	ENDDO
1622	ENDDO
1623
1624	!
1625	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1626	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1627	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1628	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1629
1630	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1631	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1632	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1633	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1634	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1635	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1636	ENDDO
1637	ENDDO
1638	ENDDO
1639	ENDDO
1640
1641	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1642
1643	!
1644	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1645	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1646	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1647
1648
1649	#if defined( __parallel )
1650	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1651	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1652	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1653	#else
1654	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1655	#endif
1656
1657
1658	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1659
1660	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1661	! Description:
1662	! ------------
1663	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1664	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1665	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1666	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1667	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1668	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1669
1670	USE arrays_3d, &
1671	ONLY: zu
1672
1673	IMPLICIT NONE
1674
1675	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1676
1677	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1678
1679	!
1680	!--
1681	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1682
1683	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1684	!
1685	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1686	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1687	!
1688	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1689	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1690	!-- zero.
1691	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1692	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
1693	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1694	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1695	0.0_wp, &
1696	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1697	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1698	)
1699
1700	r22(k) = r11(k)
1701	!
1702	!-- w'w'
1703	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1704	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1705	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1706	)
1707	!
1708	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1709	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1710	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1711	)
1712
1713	r32(k) = r31(k)
1714	!
1715	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1716	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1717	r21(k) = r31(k)
1718	!
1719	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1720	ELSE
1721	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1722	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1723	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1724	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1725	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1726	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1727	ENDIF
1728	! write(9,*) zu(k), r11(k), r33(k), r31(k), zi_ribulk, scale_us, scale_wm, scale_l
1729	ENDDO
1730
1731	!
1732	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1733	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1734	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1735	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1736
1737	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1738	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1739	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1740
1741
1742	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1743
1744	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1745	! Description:
1746	! ------------
1747	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1748	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1749	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1750
1751	IMPLICIT NONE
1752
1753	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1754
1755	!
1756	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1757	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1758	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1759	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1760	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1761	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1762	ELSE
1763	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1764	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1765	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1766	ENDIF
1767	ENDDO
1768	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1769	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1770	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1771	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1772	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1773	ELSE
1774	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1775	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1776	ENDIF
1777	ENDDO
1778	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1779	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1780	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1781	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1782	ELSE
1783	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1784	ENDIF
1785	ENDDO
1786	!
1787	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1788	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1789	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1790	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1791	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1792	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1793	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1794
1795	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1796
1797	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1798	! Description:
1799	! ------------
1800	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1801	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1802	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1803	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1804
1805	IMPLICIT NONE
1806
1807	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
1808
1809	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1810	!
1811	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1812	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1813	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1814	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1815	!
1816	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1817	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1818	!
1819	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1820	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1821	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1822	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1823	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1824	!
1825	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1826	!-- (Lund rotation)
1827	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1828	!
1829	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1830	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1831	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1832	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1833	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1834	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1835	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1836	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1837	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1838	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1839	!
1840	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1841	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1842
1843	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1844
1845	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1846
1847
1848	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1849	! Description:
1850	! ------------
1851	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1852	!> from measurements.
1853	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1854	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1855
1856	USE arrays_3d, &
1857	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu, zw
1858
1859	USE grid_variables, &
1860	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1861
1862	USE statistics, &
1863	ONLY: hom
1864
1865	IMPLICIT NONE
1866
1867
1868	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1869
1870	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1871
1872	!
1873	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1874	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1875	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1876	!
1877	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1878	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1879	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1880	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1881	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1882	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1883	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1884	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1885	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1886	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1887
1888	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1889
1890	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1891	!
1892	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1893	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1894	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1895	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1896	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1897	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1898	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1899	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1900	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1901	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1902	!
1903	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1904	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1905	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1906	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1907	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
1908	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1909	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1910	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1911	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1912	!
1913	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
1914	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
1915	!
1916	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
1917	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
1918	!-- computations power.
1919	ELSE
1920	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
1921	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
1922	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
1923	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
1924	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
1925	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
1926	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
1927	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
1928	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
1929
1930	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
1931	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
1932	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
1933	ENDIF
1934	ENDDO
1935	!
1936	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
1937	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
1938	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
1939	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
1940	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
1941	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
1942	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
1943	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
1944	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
1945	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
1946
1947	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
1948	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
1949	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
1950
1951
1952	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1953
1954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1955	! Description:
1956	! ------------
1957	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
1958	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
1959	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
1960	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1961	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
1962
1963
1964	USE control_parameters, &
1965	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
1966	humidity, pt_surface
1967
1968	USE indices, &
1969	ONLY: nx, ny
1970
1971	USE surface_mod, &
1972	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
1973
1974	IMPLICIT NONE
1975
1976	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1977	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1978	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1979	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for reference height
1980	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
1981
1982	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
1983	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
1984	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
1985	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
1986	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
1987	REAL(wp) :: vpt_surface !< near-surface virtual potential temperature
1988	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
1989	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
1990	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
1991
1992	!
1993	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
1994	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
1995	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
1996	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
1997	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
1998	!-- This need to be revised later.
1999	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2000	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2001	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2002	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
2003	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
2004	ENDDO
2005	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2006	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
2007	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
2008	ENDDO
2009	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2010	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
2011	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
2012	ENDDO
2013
2014	#if defined( __parallel )
2015	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2016	comm2d, ierr )
2017	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2018	comm2d, ierr )
2019	#else
2020	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
2021	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2022	#endif
2023	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2024	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2025
2026	!
2027	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
2028	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
2029	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
2030	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
2031	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
2032	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height.
2033	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
2034	!-- COSMO vertical level.
2035	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
2036
2037	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2038	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
2039
2040	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
2041
2042	DO j = nys, nyn
2043	!
2044	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
2045	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
2046	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
2047	!-- inflow profiles.
2048	u_int = MERGE( u(k_ref,j,i+1), u(k_ref,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
2049	v_int = v(k_ref,j,i)
2050	!
2051	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
2052	!-- neutral condtions.
2053	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2054	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2055	LOG( zu(k_ref) / z0_mean )
2056
2057	ENDDO
2058
2059	ENDIF
2060
2061	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
2062
2063	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
2064
2065	DO i = nxl, nxr
2066
2067	u_int = u(k_ref,j,i)
2068	v_int = MERGE( v(k_ref,j+1,i), v(k_ref,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
2069
2070	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2071	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2072	LOG( zu(k_ref) / z0_mean )
2073
2074	ENDDO
2075
2076	ENDIF
2077
2078	#if defined( __parallel )
2079	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2080	comm2d, ierr )
2081	#else
2082	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2083	#endif
2084	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
2085
2086	!
2087	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
2088	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2089	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
2090	ELSE
2091	scale_l = 0.0_wp
2092	ENDIF
2093
2094	!
2095	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2096	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2097	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2098	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2099	ELSE
2100	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2101	ENDIF
2102	!
2103	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2104	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2105	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2106	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2107
2108	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2109
2110	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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