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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3348

Last change on this file since 3348 was 3348, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Fix for format descriptor
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 81.3 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	! Fix for format descriptor
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring $
27	! - Revise structure of init routine
28	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
29	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
30	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
31	!
32	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
33	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
34	!
35	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
36	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
37	!
38	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
39	! Minor formating changes
40	!
41	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
42	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
43	!
44	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
45	! unused variables removed
46	!
47	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
48	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
49	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
50	!
51	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
52	! Rename variables and extend error message
53	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
54	!
55	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
56	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
57	! by dz(1)
58	!
59	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
60	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
61	!
62	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
63	! Error messages revised
64	!
65	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
66	! Add missing variable descriptions
67	!
68	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
69	! updated variable descriptions
70	!
71	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
72	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
73	!
74	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
75	! Remove unused module load
76	!
77	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
78	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
79	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
80	! the x- and y-dimension
81	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
82	!
83	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
84	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
85	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
86	!
87	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
88	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
89	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
90	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
91	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
92	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
93	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
94	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
95	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
96	!
97	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
98	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
99	!
100	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
101	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
102	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
103	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
104	! data
105	!
106	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
107	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
108	!
109	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
110	! Change in file header (GPL part)
111	!
112	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
113	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
114	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
115	!
116	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
117	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
118	! parameters during reading restart data
119	!
120	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
121	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
122	!
123	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
124	! Initial revision
125	!
126	!
127	!
128	! Authors:
129	! --------
130	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
131	!
132	!
133	!
134	! Description:
135	! ------------
136	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
137	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
138	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
139	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
140	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
141	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
142	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
143	!> within the boundary layer.
144	!>
145	!> @todo test restart
146	!> enable cyclic_fill
147	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
148	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
149	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
150	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
151	!> must match with current PALM grid.
152	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
153	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
154	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
155	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
156
157
158	USE arrays_3d, &
159	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
160
161	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
162	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
163
164	USE control_parameters, &
165	ONLY: initializing_actions, num_mean_inflow_profiles, message_string, &
166	syn_turb_gen
167
168	USE cpulog, &
169	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point
170
171	USE indices, &
172	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
173
174	USE kinds
175
176	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
177	USE MPI
178	#endif
179
180	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
181	ONLY: zi_ribulk
182
183	USE pegrid, &
184	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
185
186	USE transpose_indices, &
187	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
188
189
190	IMPLICIT NONE
191
192	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
193	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
194	#endif
195
196
197	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
198	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
199	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
200
201	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
202	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
203	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
204	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
205	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
206	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
207	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
208	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
209	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
210	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
211	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
212	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
213	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
214	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
215
216	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
219	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
220	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
221	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
222	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
223	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
224	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
225	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
226	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
228	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
229	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
230
231	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
232	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
233	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
234	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
235	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
236	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
237	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
238	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
239	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
240
241
242	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
243	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
244	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
245	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
246	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
247	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
248
249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
258
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
280
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
283
284	!
285	!-- PALM interfaces:
286	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
287	INTERFACE stg_adjust
288	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
289	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
290	!
291	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
292	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
293	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
294	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
295
296	!
297	!-- Calculate filter functions
298	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
299	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
300	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
301
302	!
303	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
304	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
305	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
306	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
307	!
308	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
309	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
310	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
311	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
312
313	!
314	!-- Output of information to the header file
315	INTERFACE stg_header
316	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
317	END INTERFACE stg_header
318
319	!
320	!-- Initialization actions
321	INTERFACE stg_init
322	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
323	END INTERFACE stg_init
324
325	!
326	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
327	INTERFACE stg_main
328	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
329	END INTERFACE stg_main
330
331	!
332	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
333	INTERFACE stg_parin
334	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
335	END INTERFACE stg_parin
336
337	!
338	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
339	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
340	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
341	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
342
343	!
344	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
345	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
346	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
347	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
348
349	SAVE
350
351	PRIVATE
352
353	!
354	!-- Public interfaces
355	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
356	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
357
358	!
359	!-- Public variables
360	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
361	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
362	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
363
364
365	CONTAINS
366
367
368	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
369	! Description:
370	! ------------
371	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
372	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
373	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
374
375
376	USE control_parameters, &
377	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
378	turbulent_inflow
379
380	USE pmc_interface, &
381	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
382
383
384	IMPLICIT NONE
385
386	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
387	nesting_offline ) THEN
388	message_string = 'No synthetic turbulence generator is applied. ' // &
389	'In case PALM operates in LES mode and lateral ' // &
390	'boundary conditions are provided by COSMO model, ' // &
391	'turbulence may require large adjustment lenght at ' //&
392	'the lateral inflow boundaries. Please check your ' // &
393	'results carefully.'
394	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0000', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
395	ENDIF
396
397	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
398	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
399	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator has to be applied ' // &
400	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
401	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
402	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
403	ENDIF
404
405	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
406
407	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
408
409	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
410	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
411	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
412	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
413	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
414	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
415	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
416	ENDIF
417
418	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
419	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
420	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
421	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
422	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
423	ENDIF
424	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
425	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
426	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
427	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
428	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
429	ENDIF
430
431	ENDIF
432
433	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
434	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
435	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
436	'is not allowed'
437	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
438	ENDIF
439
440	ENDIF
441
442	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
443
444
445	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
446	! Description:
447	! ------------
448	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
449	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
450	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
451
452
453	IMPLICIT NONE
454
455	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
456
457	!
458	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
459	WRITE( io, 1 )
460	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
461	WRITE( io, 2 )
462	ELSE
463	WRITE( io, 3 )
464	ENDIF
465
466	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
467	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
468	ELSE
469	WRITE( io, 5 )
470	ENDIF
471
472	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
473	' ------------------------------------------'/)
474	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
475	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
476	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
477	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
478
479	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
480
481
482	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
483	! Description:
484	! ------------
485	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
486	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
487	SUBROUTINE stg_init
488
489
490	USE arrays_3d, &
491	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu
492
493	USE control_parameters, &
494	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
495
496	USE grid_variables, &
497	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
498
499	USE indices, &
500	ONLY: nz
501
502	USE pmc_interface, &
503	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
504
505
506	IMPLICIT NONE
507
508	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
509
510	#if defined( __parallel )
511	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
512	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
513	#endif
514
515	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
516	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
517	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
518	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
519	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
520	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
521	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
522
523	!
524	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
525	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
526	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
527	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
528	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
529	REAL(wp) :: d11 !< vertical interpolation for a11
530	REAL(wp) :: d21 !< vertical interpolation for a21
531	REAL(wp) :: d22 !< vertical interpolation for a22
532	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
533	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
534	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
535	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
536	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
537	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
538	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
539	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
540
541
542	#if defined( __parallel )
543	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
544	#endif
545
546	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
547
548	#if defined( __parallel )
549	!
550	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
551	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
552	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
553	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
554
555	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
556	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
557
558	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
559	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
560	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
561	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
562	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
563
564	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
565	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
566	ENDIF
567
568	!
569	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
570	!-- velocity seeds
571	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
572	extent = 1 * realsize
573	!
574	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
575	!-- layer
576	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
577	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
578	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
579	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
580	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
581	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
582
583	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
584	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
585	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
586	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
587	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
588	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
589
590	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
591	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
592
593	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
594	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
595
596	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
597	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
598	ENDDO
599	!
600	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
601	!-- layer
602	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
603	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
604	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
605	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
606	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
607	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
608	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
609	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
610
611	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
612	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
613	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
614	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
615	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
616	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
617
618	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
619	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
620
621	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
622	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
623
624	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
625	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
626	ENDDO
627
628	ENDIF
629
630	#endif
631	!
632	!-- Define seed of random number
633	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
634	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
635	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
636	DO j = 1, nseed
637	seed(j) = startseed + j
638	ENDDO
639	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
640	!
641	!-- Allocate required arrays
642	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
643	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
644	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
645	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
646	ENDIF
647
648	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
649	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
650	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
651	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
652	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
653	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
654	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
655	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
656
657	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
658	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
659	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
660	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
661	!
662	!-- Read inflow profile
663	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
664	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
665	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
666	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
667	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
668	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
669
670	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
671
672	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
673	FORM='FORMATTED')
674	!
675	!-- Skip header
676	READ( 90, * )
677
678	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
679	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
680	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
681	d1, d2, d3, d5
682
683	!
684	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
685	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
686	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
687	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
688	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
689	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
690	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
691	!
692	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
693	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
694	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
695	nux(k) = nuy(k)
696	!
697	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
698	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
699	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
700	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
701	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
702	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
703	ENDIF
704	ENDDO
705	!
706	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
707	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
708	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
709	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
710	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
711	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
712	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
713
714	CLOSE( 90 )
715	!
716	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
717	!-- (Lund rotation)
718	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
719	!
720	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
721	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
722	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
723	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
724	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
725	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
726	ELSE
727	!
728	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
729	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
730	!
731	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
732	!-- scales
733	CALL calc_scaling_variables
734	!
735	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
736	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
737	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
738
739	ENDIF
740
741	!
742	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
743	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
744	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
745	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
746	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
747	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
748	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
749	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
750	ENDIF
751
752	!
753	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
754	merg = 0
755
756	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
757	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
758	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
759	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
760	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
761	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
762	ENDDO
763
764	merg = 2 * merg
765	mergp = merg + nbgp
766
767	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
768	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
769	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
770	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
771	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
772	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
773	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
774	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
775	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
776
777	!
778	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
779	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
780	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
781	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
782
783	!
784	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
785	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
786	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
787	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
788
789	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
790	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
791	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
792	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
793	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
794	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
795
796	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
797	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
798	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
799	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
800	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
801	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
802
803	!
804	!-- Create filter functions
805	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
806	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
807	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
808	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
809	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
810	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
811	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
812	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
813	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
814
815	#if defined( __parallel )
816	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
817	#endif
818
819	!
820	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
821	! time step.
822	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
823	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
824	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
825	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
826
827	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
828	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
829
830	DO j = nysg, nyng
831	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
832
833	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
834	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
835	ELSE
836	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
837	ENDIF
838
839	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
840	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
841	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
842	ELSE
843	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
844	ENDIF
845
846	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
847	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
848	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
849	ELSE
850	fw_yz = 0._wp
851	ENDIF
852
853	ENDDO
854	ENDDO
855	ENDIF
856	ENDIF
857
858	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
859
860	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
861
862
863	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
864	! Description:
865	! ------------
866	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
867	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
868	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
869	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
870
871
872	IMPLICIT NONE
873
874	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
875	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
876	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
877	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
878
879	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
880	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
881
882	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
883
884	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
885
886
887	bxx = 0.0_wp
888
889	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
890	bdenom = 0.0_wp
891	n_k = nxx(k)
892	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
893	n_k2 = n_k * 2
894
895	!
896	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
897	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
898	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
899	ENDDO
900
901	!
902	!-- ( Eq.9 )
903	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
904	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
905	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
906	ENDDO
907	ENDIF
908	ENDDO
909
910	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
911
912
913	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
914	! Description:
915	! ------------
916	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
917	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
918	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
919
920
921	IMPLICIT NONE
922
923	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
924
925
926	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
927
928	line = ' '
929
930	!
931	!-- Try to find stg package
932	REWIND ( 11 )
933	line = ' '
934	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
935	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
936	ENDDO
937	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
938
939	!
940	!-- Read namelist
941	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
942
943	!
944	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
945	!-- on
946	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
947	GOTO 20
948
949	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
950	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
951	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
952
953	20 CONTINUE
954
955	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
956
957
958	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
959	! Description:
960	! ------------
961	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
962	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
963	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
964
965
966	USE control_parameters, &
967	ONLY: length, restart_string
968
969
970	IMPLICIT NONE
971
972	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
973
974
975	found = .TRUE.
976
977
978	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
979
980	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
981	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
982	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
983	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
984
985	CASE DEFAULT
986
987	found = .FALSE.
988
989	END SELECT
990
991
992	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
993
994
995	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
996	! Description:
997	! ------------
998	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
999	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1000	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1001
1002
1003	IMPLICIT NONE
1004
1005	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1006	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1007
1008	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1009	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1010
1011
1012	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1013
1014
1015	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1016	! Description:
1017	! ------------
1018	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1019	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1020	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1021	!> (Lund, 1998).
1022	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1023	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1024
1025
1026	USE arrays_3d, &
1027	ONLY: dzw
1028
1029	USE control_parameters, &
1030	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, intermediate_timestep_count, &
1031	nesting_offline, rans_mode, simulated_time, volume_flow_initial
1032
1033	USE grid_variables, &
1034	ONLY: dx, dy
1035
1036	USE indices, &
1037	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1038
1039	USE statistics, &
1040	ONLY: weight_substep
1041
1042	USE pmc_interface, &
1043	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1044
1045
1046	IMPLICIT NONE
1047
1048	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1049	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1051
1052	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1053	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1054	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1055	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1056
1057	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1058
1059	!
1060	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1061	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call ) !* weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count)
1062	!
1063	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1064	IF ( simulated_time == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1065	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1066	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1067	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1068
1069	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1070	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1071	!
1072	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1073	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1074	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1075	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1076	!
1077	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1078	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1079	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1080	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1081	!
1082	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1083	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1084	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1085	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1086	ENDIF
1087	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1088	ENDIF
1089
1090	!
1091	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1092	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1093	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1094	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1095
1096	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1097	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1098	!
1099	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1100	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1101	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1102	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1103	!
1104	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1105	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1106	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1107	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1108	!
1109	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1110	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1111	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1112	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1113	ENDIF
1114
1115	!
1116	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1117	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1118
1119	DO j = nysg, nyng
1120	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1121	!
1122	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1123	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1124	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1125	ELSE
1126	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1127	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1128	ENDIF
1129
1130	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1131	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1132	ELSE
1133	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1134	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1135	ENDIF
1136
1137	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1138	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1139	ELSE
1140	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1141	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1142	ENDIF
1143	!
1144	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1145	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1146	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1147	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1148	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1149	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1150	ELSE
1151	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1152	!experimental test of 1.2
1153	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1154	* 1.2_wp ) &
1155	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1156	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1157	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1158	* 1.3_wp ) &
1159	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1160	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1161	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1162	ENDIF
1163
1164	ENDDO
1165	ENDDO
1166
1167	!
1168	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1169	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1170	!-- inflow boundary
1171	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1172	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1173	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1174	DO j = nys, nyn
1175	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1176	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1177	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1178	ENDDO
1179	ENDDO
1180
1181	#if defined( __parallel )
1182	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1183	comm1dy, ierr )
1184	#else
1185	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1186	#endif
1187
1188	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1189
1190	!
1191	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1192	DO j = nysg, nyng
1193	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1194	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1195	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1196	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1197	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1198	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1199	ENDDO
1200	ENDDO
1201
1202	ELSE
1203	!
1204	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1205	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1206	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1207
1208	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1209	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1210	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1211	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1212	DO j = nys, nyn
1213	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1214	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1215	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1216	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1217
1218	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1219	* dzw(k) * dy &
1220	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1221	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1222	ENDDO
1223	ENDDO
1224	#if defined( __parallel )
1225	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1226	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1227	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1228	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1229	#else
1230	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1231	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1232	#endif
1233
1234	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1235
1236	!
1237	!-- Add disturbances
1238	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1239	DO j = nys, nyn
1240	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1241	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1242	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1243	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1244	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1245	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1246	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1247	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1248	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1249	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1250	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1251	ENDDO
1252	ENDDO
1253	ENDIF
1254	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1255	DO j = nys, nyn
1256	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1257	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1258	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1259	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1260	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1261	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1262	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1263	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1264	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1265	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1266	ENDDO
1267	ENDDO
1268	ENDIF
1269	ENDIF
1270
1271	ENDIF
1272	!
1273	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1274	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1275
1276	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1277	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1278	!
1279	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1280	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1281	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1282	ELSE
1283	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1284	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1285	ENDIF
1286
1287	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1288	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1289	ELSE
1290	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1291	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1292	ENDIF
1293
1294	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1295	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1296	ELSE
1297	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1298	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1299	ENDIF
1300	!
1301	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1302	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1303	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1304	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1305	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1306	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1307
1308	ELSE
1309	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1310	!experimental test of 1.2
1311	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1312	* 1.2_wp ) &
1313	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1314	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1315	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1316	* 1.3_wp ) &
1317	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1318	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1319	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1320	ENDIF
1321
1322	ENDDO
1323	ENDDO
1324
1325	!
1326	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1327	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1328	!-- inflow boundary.
1329	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1330	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1331	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1332
1333	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1334	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1335	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1336	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1337	DO i = nxl, nxr
1338	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1339	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1340	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1341	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1342
1343	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1344	* dzw(k) * dx &
1345	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1346	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1347	ENDDO
1348	ENDDO
1349	#if defined( __parallel )
1350	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1351	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1352	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1353	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1354	#else
1355	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1356	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1357	#endif
1358
1359	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1360
1361	!
1362	!-- Add disturbances
1363	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1364
1365	DO i = nxl, nxr
1366	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1367	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1368	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1369	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1370	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1371	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1372	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1373	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1374	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1375	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1376	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1377	ENDDO
1378	ENDDO
1379	ENDIF
1380	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1381
1382	DO i = nxl, nxr
1383	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1384	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1385	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1386	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1387	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1388	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1389	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1390	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1391	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1392	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1393	ENDDO
1394	ENDDO
1395	ENDIF
1396	ENDIF
1397	!
1398	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1399	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1400
1401	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1402
1403	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1404
1405	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1406	! Description:
1407	! ------------
1408	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1409	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1410	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1411	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1412	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1413	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1414	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1415
1416
1417	USE indices, &
1418	ONLY: ny
1419
1420	IMPLICIT NONE
1421
1422	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1423	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1424	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1425	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1426	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1427	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1428
1429	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1430	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1431	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1432	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1433
1434	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1435	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1436	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1437
1438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1443
1444
1445	!
1446	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1447	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1448	!-- unit variance.
1449	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1450
1451	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1452	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1453	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1454
1455	DO j = 0, ny
1456	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1457	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1458	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1459	ENDDO
1460	ENDDO
1461
1462	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1463
1464	DO j = 0, ny
1465	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1466	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1467	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1468	ENDDO
1469	ENDDO
1470
1471	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1472
1473	DO j = 0, ny
1474	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1475	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1476	ENDDO
1477	ENDDO
1478
1479	!
1480	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1481	DO j = 0, ny
1482	DO k = 1, mergp
1483	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1484	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1485	ENDDO
1486	ENDDO
1487	DO j = 1, mergp
1488	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1489	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1490	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1491	ENDDO
1492	ENDDO
1493
1494	!
1495	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1496	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1497	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1498	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1499
1500	DO j = nysg, nyng
1501	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1502	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1503	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1504	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1505	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1506	ENDDO
1507	ENDDO
1508	ENDDO
1509	ENDDO
1510
1511	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1512	!
1513	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1514	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1515	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1516
1517	#if defined( __parallel )
1518	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1519	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1520	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1521	#else
1522	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1523	#endif
1524
1525
1526	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1532	! Description:
1533	! ------------
1534	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1535	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1536	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1537	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1538	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1539	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1540	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1541
1542
1543	USE indices, &
1544	ONLY: nx
1545
1546
1547	IMPLICIT NONE
1548
1549	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1550	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1551	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1552	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1553	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1554	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1555
1556	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1557	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1558	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1559	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1560
1561	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1562	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1563	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1564
1565	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1566	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1567	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1568	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1569	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1570
1571
1572	!
1573	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1574	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1575	!-- unit variance.
1576	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1577
1578	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1579	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1580	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1581
1582	DO i = 0, nx
1583	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1584	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1585	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1586	ENDDO
1587	ENDDO
1588
1589	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1590
1591	DO i = 0, nx
1592	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1593	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1594	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1595	ENDDO
1596	ENDDO
1597
1598	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1599
1600	DO i = 0, nx
1601	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1602	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1603	ENDDO
1604	ENDDO
1605
1606	!
1607	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1608	DO i = 0, nx
1609	DO k = 1, mergp
1610	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1611	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1612	ENDDO
1613	ENDDO
1614	DO i = 1, mergp
1615	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1616	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1617	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1618	ENDDO
1619	ENDDO
1620
1621	!
1622	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1623	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1624	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1625	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1626
1627	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1628	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1629	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1630	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1631	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1632	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1633	ENDDO
1634	ENDDO
1635	ENDDO
1636	ENDDO
1637
1638	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1639
1640	!
1641	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1642	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1643	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1644
1645
1646	#if defined( __parallel )
1647	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1648	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1649	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1650	#else
1651	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1652	#endif
1653
1654
1655	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1656
1657	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1658	! Description:
1659	! ------------
1660	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1661	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1662	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1663	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1664	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1665	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1666
1667	USE arrays_3d, &
1668	ONLY: zu
1669
1670	IMPLICIT NONE
1671
1672	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1673
1674	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1675
1676	!
1677	!--
1678	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1679
1680	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1681	!
1682	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1683	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1684	!
1685	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1686	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1687	!-- zero.
1688	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1689	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
1690	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1691	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1692	0.0_wp, &
1693	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1694	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1695	)
1696
1697	r22(k) = r11(k)
1698	!
1699	!-- w'w'
1700	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1701	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1702	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1703	)
1704	!
1705	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1706	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1707	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1708	)
1709
1710	r32(k) = r31(k)
1711	!
1712	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1713	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1714	r21(k) = r31(k)
1715	!
1716	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1717	ELSE
1718	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1719	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1720	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1721	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1722	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1723	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1724	ENDIF
1725	! write(9,*) zu(k), r11(k), r33(k), r31(k), zi_ribulk, scale_us, scale_wm, scale_l
1726	ENDDO
1727
1728	!
1729	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1730	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1731	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1732	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1733
1734	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1735	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1736	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1737
1738
1739	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1740
1741	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1742	! Description:
1743	! ------------
1744	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1745	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1746	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1747
1748	IMPLICIT NONE
1749
1750	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1751
1752	!
1753	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1754	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1755	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1756	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1757	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1758	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1759	ELSE
1760	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1761	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1762	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1763	ENDIF
1764	ENDDO
1765	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1766	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1767	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1768	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1769	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1770	ELSE
1771	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1772	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1773	ENDIF
1774	ENDDO
1775	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1776	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1777	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1778	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1779	ELSE
1780	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1781	ENDIF
1782	ENDDO
1783	!
1784	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1785	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1786	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1787	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1788	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1789	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1790	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1791
1792	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1793
1794	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1795	! Description:
1796	! ------------
1797	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1798	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1799	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1800	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1801
1802	IMPLICIT NONE
1803
1804	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
1805
1806	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
1807	!
1808	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1809	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1810	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1811	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1812	!
1813	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1814	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1815	!
1816	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1817	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1818	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1819	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1820	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1821	!
1822	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1823	!-- (Lund rotation)
1824	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1825	!
1826	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1827	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1828	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1829	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1830	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1831	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1832	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1833	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1834	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1835	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1836	!
1837	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1838	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1839
1840	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
1841
1842	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1843
1844
1845	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1846	! Description:
1847	! ------------
1848	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1849	!> from measurements.
1850	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1851	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1852
1853	USE arrays_3d, &
1854	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu, zw
1855
1856	USE grid_variables, &
1857	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1858
1859	USE statistics, &
1860	ONLY: hom
1861
1862	IMPLICIT NONE
1863
1864
1865	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1866
1867	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1868
1869	!
1870	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1871	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1872	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1873	!
1874	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1875	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1876	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1877	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1878	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1879	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1880	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1881	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1882	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1883	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1884
1885	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1886
1887	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1888	!
1889	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1890	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1891	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1892	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1893	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1894	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1895	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1896	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1897	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1898	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1899	!
1900	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1901	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1902	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1903	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1904	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
1905	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1906	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1907	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
1908	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
1909	!
1910	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
1911	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
1912	!
1913	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
1914	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
1915	!-- computations power.
1916	ELSE
1917	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
1918	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
1919	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
1920	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
1921	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
1922	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
1923	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
1924	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
1925	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
1926
1927	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
1928	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
1929	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
1930	ENDIF
1931	ENDDO
1932	!
1933	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
1934	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
1935	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
1936	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
1937	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
1938	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
1939	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
1940	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
1941	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
1942	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
1943
1944	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
1945	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
1946	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
1947
1948
1949	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1950
1951	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1952	! Description:
1953	! ------------
1954	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
1955	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
1956	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
1957	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1958	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
1959
1960
1961	USE control_parameters, &
1962	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
1963	humidity, pt_surface
1964
1965	USE indices, &
1966	ONLY: nx, ny
1967
1968	USE surface_mod, &
1969	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
1970
1971	IMPLICIT NONE
1972
1973	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1974	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1975	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1976	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for reference height
1977	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
1978
1979	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
1980	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
1981	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
1982	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
1983	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
1984	REAL(wp) :: vpt_surface !< near-surface virtual potential temperature
1985	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
1986	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
1987	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
1988
1989	!
1990	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
1991	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
1992	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
1993	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
1994	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
1995	!-- This need to be revised later.
1996	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
1997	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
1998	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
1999	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
2000	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
2001	ENDDO
2002	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2003	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
2004	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
2005	ENDDO
2006	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2007	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
2008	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
2009	ENDDO
2010
2011	#if defined( __parallel )
2012	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2013	comm2d, ierr )
2014	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2015	comm2d, ierr )
2016	#else
2017	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
2018	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2019	#endif
2020	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2021	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2022
2023	!
2024	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
2025	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
2026	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
2027	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
2028	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
2029	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height.
2030	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
2031	!-- COSMO vertical level.
2032	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
2033
2034	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2035	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
2036
2037	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
2038
2039	DO j = nys, nyn
2040	!
2041	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
2042	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
2043	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
2044	!-- inflow profiles.
2045	u_int = MERGE( u(k_ref,j,i+1), u(k_ref,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
2046	v_int = v(k_ref,j,i)
2047	!
2048	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
2049	!-- neutral condtions.
2050	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2051	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2052	LOG( zu(k_ref) / z0_mean )
2053
2054	ENDDO
2055
2056	ENDIF
2057
2058	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
2059
2060	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
2061
2062	DO i = nxl, nxr
2063
2064	u_int = u(k_ref,j,i)
2065	v_int = MERGE( v(k_ref,j+1,i), v(k_ref,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
2066
2067	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2068	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2069	LOG( zu(k_ref) / z0_mean )
2070
2071	ENDDO
2072
2073	ENDIF
2074
2075	#if defined( __parallel )
2076	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2077	comm2d, ierr )
2078	#else
2079	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2080	#endif
2081	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
2082
2083	!
2084	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
2085	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2086	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
2087	ELSE
2088	scale_l = 0.0_wp
2089	ENDIF
2090
2091	!
2092	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2093	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2094	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2095	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2096	ELSE
2097	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2098	ENDIF
2099	!
2100	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2101	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2102	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2103	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2104
2105	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2106
2107	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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