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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 4847

Last change on this file since 4847 was 4843, checked in by raasch, 4 years ago
local namelist parameter added to switch off the module although the respective module namelist appears in the namelist file, further copyright updates
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 113.6 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
[4559]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[4559]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
	6	! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	7	! (at your option) any later version.
[2259]	8	!
[4559]	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
	10	! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
	11	! Public License for more details.
[2259]	12	!
[4559]	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see
	14	! <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
[2259]	15	!
[4828]	16	! Copyright 1997-2021 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[4559]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	18	!
[4559]	19	!
[2259]	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
[4603]	22	!
	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 4843 2021-01-15 15:22:11Z raasch $
[4843]	27	! local namelist parameter added to switch off the module although the respective module namelist
	28	! appears in the namelist file
	29	!
	30	! 4842 2021-01-14 10:42:28Z raasch
[4842]	31	! reading of namelist file and actions in case of namelist errors revised so that statement labels
	32	! and goto statements are not required any more
	33	!
	34	! 4828 2021-01-05 11:21:41Z Giersch
[4671]	35	! Implementation of downward facing USM and LSM surfaces
	36	!
	37	! 4647 2020-08-24 16:36:18Z suehring
[4842]	38	! Change default value of synthetic turbulence adjustment as well as compute_velocity_seeds_local
	39	! By default, the random-seed computation is now distributed among several cores. Especially for
[4647]	40	! large length scales this is significantly faster.
	41	!
	42	! 4640 2020-08-11 16:28:32Z suehring
[4842]	43	! - to avoid that the correction term in r11/r22 computation becomes unrealistically high, limit
[4640]	44	! Obukhov length (term is not valid for near neutral conditions)
	45	! - to avoid unrealistically large perturbations, change computation of r21 so that this resembles
	46	! the vertical transport of horizontal momentum
	47	!
	48	! 4629 2020-07-29 09:37:56Z raasch
[4629]	49	! support for MPI Fortran77 interface (mpif.h) removed
	50	!
	51	! 4603 2020-07-14 16:08:30Z suehring
[4603]	52	! Bugfix in initialization from ASCII file - x-length scales at the bottom boundary were not
	53	! initialized properly
[4842]	54	!
[4603]	55	! 4566 2020-06-16 10:11:51Z suehring
[4566]	56	! - revise parametrization for reynolds-stress components, turbulent length- and time scales
	57	! - revise computation of velocity disturbances to be consistent to Xie and Castro (2008)
	58	! - change default value of time interval to adjust turbulence parametrization
	59	! - bugfix in computation of amplitude-tensor (vertical flux of horizontal momentum)
[4842]	60	!
[4566]	61	! 4562 2020-06-12 08:38:47Z raasch
[4562]	62	! Parts of r4559 re-formatted
[4842]	63	!
[4562]	64	! 4559 2020-06-11 08:51:48Z raasch
[4559]	65	! File re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard
	66	!
	67	! 4535 2020-05-15 12:07:23Z raasch
	68	! Bugfix for restart data format query
	69	!
[4535]	70	! 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch
[4559]	71	! Restart data handling with MPI-IO added
	72	!
[4495]	73	! 4481 2020-03-31 18:55:54Z maronga
[4559]	74	! Bugfix: cpp-directives for serial mode added, dummy statements to prevent compile errors added
	75	!
[4444]	76	! 4442 2020-03-04 19:21:13Z suehring
[4442]	77	! Set back turbulent length scale to 8 x grid spacing in the parametrized mode
	78	! (was accidantly changed).
[4559]	79	!
[4442]	80	! 4441 2020-03-04 19:20:35Z suehring
[4440]	81	! Correct misplaced preprocessor directive
[4559]	82	!
[4440]	83	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
[4438]	84	! Performance optimizations in velocity-seed calculation:
[4559]	85	! - Random number array is only defined and computed locally (except for normalization to zero mean
	86	! and unit variance)
	87	! - Parallel random number generator is applied independent on the 2D random numbers in other
	88	! routines
	89	! - Option to decide wheter velocity seeds are computed locally without any further communication
	90	! or are computed by all processes along the communicator
	91	!
[4438]	92	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4559]	93	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography
	94	! information used in wall_flags_static_0
	95	!
[4346]	96	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	97	! Commentation of last commit
[4559]	98	!
[4335]	99	! 4332 2019-12-10 19:44:12Z suehring
[4559]	100	! Limit initial velocity seeds in restart runs, if not the seed calculation may become unstable.
	101	! Further, minor bugfix in initial velocity seed calculation.
	102	!
[4332]	103	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	104	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
[4559]	105	!
[4329]	106	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4559]	107	! Computation of velocity seeds optimized. This implies that random numbers are computed now using
	108	! the parallel random number generator. Random numbers are now only computed and normalized locally,
	109	! while distributed over all mpi ranks afterwards, instead of computing random numbers on a global
	110	! array.
	111	! Further, the number of calls for the time-consuming velocity-seed generation is reduced - now the
	112	! left and right, as well as the north and south boundary share the same velocity-seed matrices.
	113	!
[4309]	114	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	115	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[4559]	116	!
[4182]	117	! 4148 2019-08-08 11:26:00Z suehring
[4148]	118	! Remove unused variable
[4559]	119	!
[4148]	120	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
[4559]	121	! Relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
	122	!
[4144]	123	! 4071 2019-07-03 20:02:00Z suehring
[4559]	124	! Bugfix, initialize mean_inflow_profiles in case turbulence and inflow information is not read from
	125	! file.
	126	!
[4071]	127	! 4022 2019-06-12 11:52:39Z suehring
[4022]	128	! Several bugfixes and improvements
[4559]	129	! - Revise bias correction of the imposed perturbations (correction via volume flow can create
	130	! instabilities in case the mean volume flow is close to zero)
	131	! - Introduce lower limits in calculation of coefficient matrix, else the calculation may become
	132	! numerically unstable
	133	! - Impose perturbations every timestep, even though no new set of perturbations is generated in
	134	! case dt_stg_call /= dt_3d
	135	! - Implement a gradual decrease of Reynolds stress and length scales above ABL height (within 1
	136	! length scale above ABL depth to 1/10) rather than a discontinuous decrease
[4022]	137	! - Bugfix in non-nested case: use ABL height for parametrized turbulence
[4559]	138	!
[4022]	139	! 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z kanani
[3987]	140	! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping
[4559]	141	!
[3987]	142	! 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z suehring
[3938]	143	! Remove unused variables
[4559]	144	!
[3938]	145	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
[4559]	146	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not present.
	147	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling parameters used for
	148	! synthetic turbulence parametrization.
	149	!
[3937]	150	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
[3909]	151	! Minor bugfix for last commit
[4559]	152	!
[3909]	153	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
[3900]	154	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
[4559]	155	!
[3900]	156	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
[4559]	157	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
	158	!
[3891]	159	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[4559]	160	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction of additional debug
	161	! messages
	162	!
	163	!
	164	! Removed unused variables
	165	!
[3775]	166	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
[4559]	167	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to log_point(2)
	168	! 'initialization' already. Moved other log_points to calls of the subroutines in time_integration
	169	! for better overview.
	170	!
[4182]	171	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
	172	! Initial revision
[3044]	173	!
[4182]	174	! Authors:
	175	! --------
	176	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	177	!
	178	!
[2259]	179	! Description:
	180	! ------------
[4559]	181	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by Xie and Castro (2008)
	182	!> utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	183	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and a time scale for
	184	!> each velocity component. The profiles of length and time scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all
	185	!> components of the Reynolds stress tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be
	186	!> parametrized within the boundary layer.
[2259]	187	!>
[4566]	188	!> @todo Enable cyclic_fill
[4559]	189	!> Implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2259]	190	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
[4559]	191	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input must match with current
	192	!> PALM grid.
	193	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11, a22, or a33 are zero.
	194	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	195	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	196
	197
[4559]	198	USE arrays_3d, &
	199	ONLY: dzw, &
	200	ddzw, &
	201	drho_air, &
	202	mean_inflow_profiles, &
	203	pt, &
	204	pt_init, &
	205	q, &
	206	q_init, &
	207	u, &
	208	u_init, &
	209	v, &
	210	v_init, &
	211	w, &
	212	zu, &
[4022]	213	zw
[2259]	214
[4559]	215	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	216	ONLY: g, &
	217	kappa, &
[4022]	218	pi
[2259]	219
[4559]	220	USE control_parameters, &
	221	ONLY: bc_lr, &
	222	bc_ns, &
	223	child_domain, &
	224	coupling_char, &
	225	debug_output_timestep, &
	226	dt_3d, &
	227	e_init, &
	228	humidity, &
	229	initializing_actions, &
	230	intermediate_timestep_count, &
	231	intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	232	length, &
	233	message_string, &
	234	nesting_offline, &
	235	neutral, &
	236	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
	237	random_generator, &
	238	rans_mode, &
	239	restart_data_format_output, &
	240	restart_string, &
	241	syn_turb_gen, &
	242	time_since_reference_point, &
[4022]	243	turbulent_inflow
[4438]	244
[4559]	245	USE cpulog, &
	246	ONLY: cpu_log, &
[4438]	247	log_point_s
	248
[4559]	249	USE grid_variables, &
	250	ONLY: ddx, &
	251	ddy, &
	252	dx, &
[4022]	253	dy
[2259]	254
[4559]	255	USE indices, &
	256	ONLY: nbgp, &
	257	nz, &
	258	nzb, &
	259	nzt, &
	260	nx, &
	261	nxl, &
	262	nxlu, &
	263	nxr, &
	264	ny, &
	265	nys, &
	266	nysv, &
	267	nyn, &
[4346]	268	wall_flags_total_0
[2259]	269
	270	USE kinds
	271
[4629]	272	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	273	USE MPI
[2841]	274	#endif
[2259]	275
[4559]	276	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
	277	ONLY: nesting_offl_calc_zi, &
[4022]	278	zi_ribulk
[3347]	279
[4559]	280	USE pegrid, &
	281	ONLY: comm1dx, &
	282	comm1dy, &
	283	comm2d, &
	284	ierr, &
	285	myidx, &
	286	myidy, &
[4022]	287	pdims
[4438]	288
[4559]	289	USE pmc_interface, &
[4022]	290	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[4438]	291
[4559]	292	USE random_generator_parallel, &
	293	ONLY: init_parallel_random_generator, &
	294	random_dummy, &
	295	random_number_parallel, &
[4438]	296	random_seed_parallel
[2259]	297
[4495]	298	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
	299	ONLY: rrd_mpi_io, &
	300	wrd_mpi_io
	301
[4559]	302	USE transpose_indices, &
	303	ONLY: nzb_x, &
	304	nzt_x
[2259]	305
[4559]	306	USE surface_mod, &
	307	ONLY: surf_def_h, &
	308	surf_lsm_h, &
[4438]	309	surf_usm_h
[2259]	310
	311	IMPLICIT NONE
	312
[3038]	313	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	314	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	315	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	316	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[4566]	317	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_zi !< vertical index of boundary-layer top
	318	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_limit = 1000 !< maximum length scale (in gp)
	319	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_x !< maximum length scale in x (in gp)
	320	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_xy !< maximum horizontal length scale (in gp)
	321	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_y !< maximum length scale in y (in gp)
	322	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_z !< maximum length scale in z (in gp)
[3038]	323	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	324	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	325	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	326	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[4444]	327	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	328	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	329	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	330	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	331	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
[4444]	332	#endif
[2259]	333
[4559]	334	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz cross-sections,
	335	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	336	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz cross-sections,
	337	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	338
[4444]	339	#if defined( __parallel )
[3347]	340	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	341	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	342	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	343	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
[4444]	344	#endif
[3347]	345	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	346	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	347	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	348	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	349	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	350	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	351	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	352	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	353	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
[2259]	354
[4559]	355	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_xz !< initial random IDs at xz inflow boundary
	356	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_yz !< initial random IDs at yz inflow boundary
	357	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_xz !< initial random seeds at xz inflow boundary
	358	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_yz !< initial random seeds at yz inflow boundary
[4438]	359
[2259]	360
[4566]	361	LOGICAL :: adjustment_step = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating that time and lenght scales have been updated and
	362	!< no time correlation to the timestep before should be considered
[4647]	363	LOGICAL :: compute_velocity_seeds_local = .FALSE. !< switch to decide whether velocity seeds are computed locally
[4559]	364	!< or if computation is distributed over several processes
	365	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file
	366	!< (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	367	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
	368	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
[2259]	369
[4559]	370
	371	REAL(wp) :: blend !< value to create gradually and smooth blending of Reynolds stress and length
	372	!< scales above the boundary layer
[4566]	373	REAL(wp) :: blend_coeff = -9.3_wp !< coefficient used to ensure that blending functions decreases to 1/10 after
[4559]	374	!< one length scale above ABL top
	375	REAL(wp) :: d_l !< blend_coeff/length_scale
[4566]	376	REAL(wp) :: d_nxy !< inverse of the total number of xy-grid points
	377	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 1800.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
[4559]	378	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
	379	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	380	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	381	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	382	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	383	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	384
	385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< correction factor for the u,v,w-components to maintain original mass flux
	386
	387
	388	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	389	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	390	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	391	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	392	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	393	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	394
	395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
	404
	405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	414	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	426
[4566]	427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< disturbances for parallel/crosswind/vertical component at north/south boundary
	428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< disturbances for parallel/crosswind/vertical component at north/south boundary
[4559]	429
[2259]	430	!
	431	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	432	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	433	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	434	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	435	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	436	!
[2259]	437	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	438	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	439	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	440	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	441
	442	!
	443	!-- Calculate filter functions
	444	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	445	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	446	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	447
	448	!
[2938]	449	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	450	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	451	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	452	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	453	!
	454	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	455	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	456	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	457	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	458
	459	!
	460	!-- Output of information to the header file
	461	INTERFACE stg_header
	462	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	463	END INTERFACE stg_header
	464
	465	!
	466	!-- Initialization actions
	467	INTERFACE stg_init
	468	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	469	END INTERFACE stg_init
	470
	471	!
	472	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	473	INTERFACE stg_main
	474	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	475	END INTERFACE stg_main
	476
	477	!
	478	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	479	INTERFACE stg_parin
	480	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	481	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	482
	483	!
	484	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	485	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[4495]	486	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global_ftn
	487	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global_mpi
[2894]	488	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	489
	490	!
	491	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	492	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	493	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	494	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	495
	496	SAVE
	497
	498	PRIVATE
	499
	500	!
	501	!-- Public interfaces
[4559]	502	PUBLIC stg_adjust, &
	503	stg_check_parameters, &
	504	stg_header, &
	505	stg_init, &
	506	stg_main, &
	507	stg_parin, &
	508	stg_rrd_global, &
	509	stg_wrd_global
[2259]	510
	511	!
	512	!-- Public variables
[4559]	513	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, &
	514	dt_stg_adjust, &
	515	id_stg_left, &
	516	id_stg_north, &
	517	id_stg_right, &
	518	id_stg_south, &
	519	parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	520	time_stg_adjust, &
	521	time_stg_call, &
	522	use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	523
	524
	525	CONTAINS
	526
	527
[4559]	528	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	529	! Description:
	530	! ------------
	531	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
[4559]	532	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	533	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	534
[4559]	535	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
[3182]	536	nesting_offline ) THEN
[4559]	537	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	538	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates in LES mode.'
[3376]	539	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	540	ENDIF
	541
[4559]	542	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	543	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[4559]	544	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required when nesting is applied ' // &
	545	'and parent operates in RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	546	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	547	ENDIF
	548
[2776]	549	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	550
[4559]	551	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. .NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	552	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
[3579]	553	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[4559]	554
[3579]	555	ENDIF
[4559]	556
	557	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	558	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
[3579]	559	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[4559]	560
[3579]	561	ENDIF
[4559]	562
	563	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	564
	565	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	566	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	567	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires ' // &
	568	'%initializing_actions = "set_constant_profiles" or ' // &
	569	' "read_restart_data", if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	570	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	571	ENDIF
	572
	573	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
[4559]	574	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires &bc_lr = ' // &
	575	' "dirichlet/radiation", if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	576	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	577	ENDIF
	578	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
[4559]	579	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires &bc_ns = ' // &
	580	' "cyclic", if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	581	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	582	ENDIF
	583
[2259]	584	ENDIF
	585
	586	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
[4559]	587	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator in combination ' // &
	588	'&with turbulent_inflow = .T. is not allowed'
[2259]	589	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	590	ENDIF
[4309]	591	!
	592	!-- Synthetic turbulence generator requires the parallel random generator
	593	IF ( random_generator /= 'random-parallel' ) THEN
[4559]	594	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires random_generator = ' // &
	595	'random-parallel.'
[4309]	596	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0421', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	597	ENDIF
[2259]	598
	599	ENDIF
	600
	601	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	602
	603
[4559]	604	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	605	! Description:
	606	! ------------
	607	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
[4559]	608	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	609	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	610
[4559]	611	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
[2259]	612
	613	!
	614	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	615	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	616	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	617	WRITE( io, 2 )
	618	ELSE
	619	WRITE( io, 3 )
	620	ENDIF
[4559]	621
[3347]	622	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	623	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	624	ELSE
	625	WRITE( io, 5 )
	626	ENDIF
[2259]	627
[4559]	628	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
[2259]	629	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	630	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	631	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	632	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	633	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	634
	635	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	636
	637
[4559]	638	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	639	! Description:
	640	! ------------
	641	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
[4559]	642	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	643	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	644
[2669]	645	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	646	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	647	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob = 0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	648	#endif
[2259]	649
[4559]	650	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
	651	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	652	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
[4444]	653	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	654	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	655	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
[4444]	656	#endif
[4309]	657
[4022]	658	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz-cross-section on subdomain
	659	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz-cross-section on subdomain
[4559]	660
	661
	662	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
	663
[2259]	664	!
	665	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
[4559]	666	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	667	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	668	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	669	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	670	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	671	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	672	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	673	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	674	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	675	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[4444]	676	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	677	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[4444]	678	#endif
[4559]	679	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
[2259]	680
[2938]	681
[2259]	682	#if defined( __parallel )
	683	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	684	#endif
[4438]	685	!
[4559]	686	!-- Create mpi-datatypes for exchange in case of non-local but distributed computation of the
	687	!-- velocity seeds. This option is useful in case large turbulent length scales are present, where
	688	!-- the computational effort becomes large and needs to be parallelized. For parameterized turbulence
	689	!-- the length scales are small and computing the velocity seeds locally is faster (no overhead by
	690	!-- communication).
[4438]	691	IF ( .NOT. compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
[2669]	692	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	693	!
[4438]	694	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	695	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
	696	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	697	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[4559]	698
	699	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
[4438]	700	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[4559]	701
	702	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[4438]	703	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	704	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
	705	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	706	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[4559]	707
	708	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
[4438]	709	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
	710	ENDIF
[4559]	711
	712	!
	713	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted velocity seeds
[4438]	714	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	715	extent = 1 * realsize
[4559]	716	!
	717	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz layer
[4438]	718	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[4559]	719	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyn-nys+1], &
[4438]	720	[1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	721	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	722	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
[2938]	723	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4559]	724
[4438]	725	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[4559]	726	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyn-nys+1], &
[4438]	727	[1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	728	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	729	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
[2938]	730	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4559]	731
	732	! Receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[4438]	733	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
[4559]	734
[4438]	735	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	736	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
[4559]	737
[4438]	738	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
	739	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2938]	740	ENDDO
[4559]	741	!
	742	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz layer
[4438]	743	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
	744	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	745	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	746	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxr-nxl+1], &
	747	[1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	748	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	749	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	750	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4559]	751
[4438]	752	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
	753	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxr-nxl+1], &
	754	[1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	755	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	756	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	757	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4559]	758
	759	! Receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[4438]	760	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
[4559]	761
[4438]	762	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	763	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
[4559]	764
[4438]	765	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	766	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	767	ENDDO
[4559]	768
[4438]	769	ENDIF
[4440]	770	#endif
[2938]	771	ENDIF
[2259]	772	!
[4071]	773	!-- Allocate required arrays.
[4559]	774	!-- In case no offline nesting or self nesting is used, the arrary mean_inflow profiles is required.
	775	!-- Check if it is already allocated, else allocate and initialize it appropriately. Note, in case
	776	!-- turbulence and inflow information is read from file, mean_inflow_profiles is already allocated
	777	!-- and initialized appropriately.
	778	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[4071]	779	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) THEN
[3347]	780	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
[4071]	781	mean_inflow_profiles = 0.0_wp
	782	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = u_init
	783	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = v_init
	784	!
[4559]	785	!-- Even though potential temperature and humidity are not perturbed, they need to be
	786	!-- initialized appropriately.
	787	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) &
[4071]	788	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = pt_init
[4559]	789	IF ( humidity ) &
	790	mean_inflow_profiles(:,6) = q_init
	791	ENDIF
[3347]	792	ENDIF
[4566]	793	!
[4842]	794	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent inflow from the left is
[4566]	795	!-- desired, not in case of any of the nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[4842]	796	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[4566]	797	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	798	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	799	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	800	ENDIF
[2259]	801
[4559]	802	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	803	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	804	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	805	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	806	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	807	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	808	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	809	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	810
[4566]	811	r11 = 0.0_wp
	812	r21 = 0.0_wp
	813	r22 = 0.0_wp
	814	r31 = 0.0_wp
	815	r32 = 0.0_wp
	816	r33 = 0.0_wp
	817	tu = 0.0_wp
	818	tv = 0.0_wp
	819	tw = 0.0_wp
	820
[4438]	821	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr,3) )
	822	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn,3) )
[3347]	823	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	824	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	825	!
[2259]	826	!-- Read inflow profile
	827	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
[4559]	828	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5 zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
[2259]	829	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[4559]	830	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	831
[2938]	832	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	833
[4559]	834	OPEN( 90, FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS = 'OLD', FORM = 'FORMATTED' )
[2938]	835	!
	836	!-- Skip header
	837	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	838
[4603]	839	DO k = nzb, nzt
[4559]	840	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), r11(k), r21(k), &
	841	r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), d1, d2, d3, d5
[2938]	842
[2259]	843	!
[4559]	844	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[4603]	845	IF ( k /= nzb ) THEN
	846	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
	847	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
	848	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
	849	ELSE
	850	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k+1) )
	851	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k+1) )
	852	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k+1) )
	853	ENDIF
	854
[2938]	855	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
	856	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
	857	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
	858	!
[4603]	859	!-- Set length scales in x-direction. As a workaround assume isotropic turbulence in x- and
	860	!-- y-direction.
[2938]	861	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	862	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	863	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	864	!
	865	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	866	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	867	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	868	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	869	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	870	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	871	ENDIF
	872	ENDDO
[3182]	873	!
[4603]	874	!-- Set length scales at the surface and top boundary. At the surface the lengths scales are
	875	!-- simply overwritten.
	876	nwx(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	877	nvx(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	878	nux(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
[4559]	879	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
[3182]	880	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	881	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	882	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	883	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	884	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
[4559]	885
[4603]	886	nwx(nzt+1) = nwy(nzt)
	887	nvx(nzt+1) = nvy(nzt)
	888	nux(nzt+1) = nuy(nzt)
	889	nuy(nzt+1) = nuy(nzt)
	890	nuz(nzt+1) = nuz(nzt)
	891	nvy(nzt+1) = nvy(nzt)
	892	nvz(nzt+1) = nvz(nzt)
	893	nwy(nzt+1) = nwy(nzt)
	894	nwz(nzt+1) = nwz(nzt)
	895
[2938]	896	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	897	!
[4559]	898	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor (Lund rotation)
[3347]	899	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	900	!
[4559]	901	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available. Instead, parametrize
	902	!-- turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries. Set flag which indicates that turbulence is
	903	!-- parametrized, which is done later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	904	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as roughness to build
	905	!-- 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	906	ELSE
[2259]	907	!
[4566]	908	!-- Precalulate the inversion number of xy-grid points - later used for mass conservation
	909	d_nxy = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[4022]	910	!
[3347]	911	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	912	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	913	!
[4559]	914	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral boundary, i.e. in the
	915	!-- case no offline or self nesting is applied but synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized
	916	!-- nevertheless, the boundary-layer depth needs to be determined first.
	917	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
[4022]	918	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
	919	!
[4559]	920	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght scales
[3347]	921	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	922	!
[4559]	923	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'),
	924	!-- r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	925	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
[4566]	926	CALL parametrize_turbulence
[4559]	927	!
	928	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor (Lund rotation)
[3891]	929	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
[4559]	930
[2938]	931	ENDIF
[2259]	932	!
[4566]	933	!-- Initial filter functions
	934	CALL stg_setup_filter_function
[2938]	935	!
	936	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
[4559]	937	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), &
	938	fv_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), &
	939	fw_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) )
[2259]	940
[2938]	941	!
	942	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
[4559]	943	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), &
	944	fv_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), &
	945	fw_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) )
[2259]	946
[2938]	947	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	948	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	949	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	950	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	951	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	952	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	953
	954	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	955	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	956	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	957	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	958	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	959	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	960
[2259]	961	#if defined( __parallel )
	962	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	963	#endif
	964
	965	!
[4559]	966	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former time step.
	967	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33 are 0 compared to the prerun.
	968	!-- This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	969	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	970	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	971
	972	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	973	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	974
[4438]	975	DO j = nys, nyn
[2259]	976	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4332]	977	IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	978	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	979	ELSE
[4332]	980	fu_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	981	ENDIF
	982
[4332]	983	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4559]	984	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	985	ELSE
[4332]	986	fv_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	987	ENDIF
	988
[4332]	989	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4559]	990	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	991	ELSE
[4332]	992	fw_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	993	ENDIF
	994	ENDDO
	995	ENDDO
	996	ENDIF
[4559]	997
[3900]	998	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	999
	1000	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
	1001	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1002
[4438]	1003	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3900]	1004	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4335]	1005	!
[4559]	1006	!-- In case the correlation coefficients are very small, the velocity seeds may become
	1007	!-- very large finally creating numerical instabilities in the synthetic turbulence
	1008	!-- generator. Empirically, a value of 10E-8 seems to be sufficient.
[4332]	1009	IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	1010	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[3900]	1011	ELSE
[4332]	1012	fu_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1013	ENDIF
	1014
[4332]	1015	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4559]	1016	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[3900]	1017	ELSE
[4332]	1018	fv_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1019	ENDIF
	1020
[4332]	1021	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4559]	1022	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
[3900]	1023	ELSE
[4332]	1024	fw_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1025	ENDIF
	1026
	1027	ENDDO
	1028	ENDDO
	1029	ENDIF
[2259]	1030	ENDIF
[4022]	1031	!
[4559]	1032	!-- Count the number of non-topography grid points at the boundaries where perturbations are imposed.
	1033	!-- This number is later used for bias corrections of the perturbations, i.e. to force their mean to
	1034	!-- be zero. Please note, due to the asymetry of u and v along x and y direction, respectively,
	1035	!-- different cases must be distinguished.
[4022]	1036	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	1037	!
	1038	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u
	1039	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1040	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4559]	1041
	1042	nr_non_topo_yz_l(1) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1043	!
[4559]	1044	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v and w
[4022]	1045	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1046	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4559]	1047
	1048	nr_non_topo_yz_l(2) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
	1049	nr_non_topo_yz_l(3) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
	1050
[4022]	1051	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	1052	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_yz_l, nr_non_topo_yz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4022]	1053	#else
	1054	nr_non_topo_yz = nr_non_topo_yz_l
[4559]	1055	#endif
[4022]	1056	ENDIF
[4559]	1057
[4022]	1058	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1059	!
	1060	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v
	1061	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1062	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4559]	1063
	1064	nr_non_topo_xz_l(2) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1065	!
[4559]	1066	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u and w
[4022]	1067	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1068	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4559]	1069
	1070	nr_non_topo_xz_l(1) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
	1071	nr_non_topo_xz_l(3) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
	1072
[4022]	1073	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	1074	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_xz_l, nr_non_topo_xz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4022]	1075	#else
	1076	nr_non_topo_xz = nr_non_topo_xz_l
[4559]	1077	#endif
[4022]	1078	ENDIF
[4438]	1079	!
[4559]	1080	!-- Initialize random number generator at xz- and yz-layers. Random numbers are initialized at each
	1081	!-- core. In case there is only inflow from the left, it is sufficient to generate only random
	1082	!-- numbers for the yz-layer, else random numbers for the xz-layer are also required.
[4566]	1083	ALLOCATE ( id_rand_yz(-mergp_limit+nys:nyn+mergp_limit) )
	1084	ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_yz(5,-mergp_limit+nys:nyn+mergp_limit) )
[4438]	1085	id_rand_yz = 0
	1086	seq_rand_yz = 0
[2259]	1087
[4566]	1088	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( ny, -mergp_limit+nys, nyn+mergp_limit, id_rand_yz, seq_rand_yz )
[4022]	1089
[4559]	1090	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1091	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[4566]	1092	ALLOCATE ( id_rand_xz(-mergp_limit+nxl:nxr+mergp_limit) )
	1093	ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_xz(5,-mergp_limit+nxl:nxr+mergp_limit) )
[4438]	1094	id_rand_xz = 0
	1095	seq_rand_xz = 0
	1096
[4566]	1097	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( nx, -mergp_limit+nxl, nxr+mergp_limit, id_rand_xz, seq_rand_xz )
[4438]	1098	ENDIF
	1099
[2259]	1100	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	1101
	1102
[4559]	1103	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1104	! Description:
	1105	! ------------
[4559]	1106	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10 (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	1107	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4566]	1108	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx, mergp )
[2259]	1109
[4566]	1110	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	1111	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< passed length scale in grid points
	1112	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	1113	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
[2259]	1114
[4559]	1115	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nxx !< length scale (in gp)
	1116
[2259]	1117	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	1118	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	1119
[4438]	1120	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: bxx !< filter function
[2259]	1121
	1122
	1123	bxx = 0.0_wp
	1124
	1125	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1126	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	1127	n_k = nxx(k)
	1128	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	1129
	1130	!
	1131	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
[4438]	1132	DO nf = -n_k, n_k
[4559]	1133	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS( nf ) / n_k )**2
[2259]	1134	ENDDO
	1135
	1136	!
	1137	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	1138	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
[4438]	1139	DO nf = -n_k, n_k
[4559]	1140	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS( nf ) / n_k ) / bdenom
[2259]	1141	ENDDO
	1142	ENDIF
	1143	ENDDO
	1144
[3347]	1145	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	1146
	1147
[4566]	1148	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1149	! Description:
	1150	! ------------
	1151	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	1152	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	1153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1154	SUBROUTINE stg_setup_filter_function
	1155
	1156	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< dummy value to calculate maximum length scale index
	1157	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index along vertical direction
	1158	!
	1159	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
	1160	mergp_x = 0
	1161	mergp_y = 0
	1162	mergp_z = 0
	1163
	1164	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1165	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nwx(k)) )
	1166	IF ( j > mergp_x ) mergp_x = j
	1167	ENDDO
	1168	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1169	j = MAX( ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nwy(k)) )
	1170	IF ( j > mergp_y ) mergp_y = j
	1171	ENDDO
	1172	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1173	j = MAX( ABS(nuz(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
	1174	IF ( j > mergp_z ) mergp_z = j
	1175	ENDDO
	1176
	1177	mergp_xy = MAX( mergp_x, mergp_y )
	1178
	1179	IF ( ALLOCATED( bux ) ) DEALLOCATE( bux )
	1180	IF ( ALLOCATED( bvx ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvx )
	1181	IF ( ALLOCATED( bwx ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwx )
	1182	IF ( ALLOCATED( buy ) ) DEALLOCATE( buy )
	1183	IF ( ALLOCATED( bvy ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvy )
	1184	IF ( ALLOCATED( bwy ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwy )
	1185	IF ( ALLOCATED( buz ) ) DEALLOCATE( buz )
	1186	IF ( ALLOCATED( bvz ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvz )
	1187	IF ( ALLOCATED( bwz ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwz )
	1188
	1189	ALLOCATE ( bux(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1190	buy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1191	buz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1192	bvx(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1193	bvy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1194	bvz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1195	bwx(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1196	bwy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1197	bwz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) )
	1198	!
	1199	!-- Create filter functions
	1200	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux, mergp_x ) !filter ux
	1201	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy, mergp_y ) !filter uy
	1202	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz, mergp_z ) !filter uz
	1203	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx, mergp_x ) !filter vx
	1204	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy, mergp_y ) !filter vy
	1205	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz, mergp_z ) !filter vz
	1206	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx, mergp_x ) !filter wx
	1207	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy, mergp_y ) !filter wy
	1208	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz, mergp_z ) !filter wz
	1209
	1210	END SUBROUTINE stg_setup_filter_function
	1211
[4559]	1212	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1213	! Description:
	1214	! ------------
	1215	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
[4559]	1216	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1217	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1218
[4842]	1219	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
[2259]	1220
[4842]	1221	INTEGER(iwp) :: io_status !< status after reading the namelist file
[2259]	1222
[4843]	1223	LOGICAL :: switch_off_module = .FALSE. !< local namelist parameter to switch off the module
	1224	!< although the respective module namelist appears in
	1225	!< the namelist file
	1226
	1227	NAMELIST /stg_par/ compute_velocity_seeds_local, &
	1228	dt_stg_adjust, &
[4559]	1229	dt_stg_call, &
[4843]	1230	switch_off_module, &
	1231	use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1232
[4842]	1233
[2259]	1234	!
[4842]	1235	!-- Move to the beginning of the namelist file and try to find and read the namelist.
	1236	REWIND( 11 )
	1237	READ( 11, stg_par, IOSTAT=io_status )
[2259]	1238
	1239	!
[4842]	1240	!-- Action depending on the READ status
	1241	IF ( io_status == 0 ) THEN
	1242	!
	1243	!-- stg_par namelist was found and read correctly. Set flag that indicates that the synthetic
	1244	!-- turbulence generator is switched on.
[4843]	1245	IF ( .NOT. switch_off_module ) syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[2259]	1246
[4842]	1247	ELSEIF ( io_status > 0 ) THEN
[2259]	1248	!
[4842]	1249	!-- stg_par namelist was found but contained errors. Print an error message including the line
	1250	!-- that caused the problem.
	1251	BACKSPACE( 11 )
	1252	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1253	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2259]	1254
[4842]	1255	ENDIF
[2563]	1256
[2259]	1257	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1258
	1259
[4559]	1260	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1261	! Description:
	1262	! ------------
[4495]	1263	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
[4559]	1264	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4495]	1265	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_ftn( found )
[2576]	1266
[4559]	1267	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	1268
[2894]	1269	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1270
[3038]	1271
[2894]	1272	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[4559]	1273
[4022]	1274	CASE ( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1275	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_adjust
[4559]	1276
[4022]	1277	CASE ( 'time_stg_call' )
	1278	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_call
[4559]	1279
[2894]	1280	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1281	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1282
[2894]	1283	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1284
[3038]	1285	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1286
[2894]	1287	END SELECT
[2259]	1288
	1289
[4495]	1290	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_ftn
[2259]	1291
	1292
[4559]	1293	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1294	! Description:
	1295	! ------------
[4495]	1296	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
[4559]	1297	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4495]	1298	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_mpi
	1299
	1300	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_adjust', time_stg_adjust )
	1301	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_call', time_stg_call )
	1302	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'use_syn_turb_gen', use_syn_turb_gen )
	1303
	1304	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_mpi
	1305
	1306
[4559]	1307	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4495]	1308	! Description:
	1309	! ------------
[2259]	1310	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
[4559]	1311	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1312	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1313
[4495]	1314	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
	1315
	1316	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1317	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_adjust
[4559]	1318
[4495]	1319	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_call' )
	1320	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_call
[2259]	1321
[4495]	1322	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1323	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1324
[4535]	1325	ELSEIF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN
[2259]	1326
[4495]	1327	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_adjust', time_stg_adjust )
	1328	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_call', time_stg_call )
	1329	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'use_syn_turb_gen', use_syn_turb_gen )
	1330
	1331	ENDIF
	1332
[2894]	1333	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1334
[2894]	1335
[4559]	1336	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1337	! Description:
	1338	! ------------
[4559]	1339	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and Reynolds stress
	1340	!> tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified following suggestions of Kim et al.
	1341	!> (2013), and using a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998).
	1342	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1343	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1344
[4559]	1345	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
[4457]	1346	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	1347
[4559]	1348	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
	1349	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1350	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[2259]	1351
[4559]	1352	LOGICAL :: stg_call = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating whether turbulence was updated or only restored from last call
[2259]	1353
[4566]	1354	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< time interval the STG is called
[4559]	1355
	1356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
	1357
[3987]	1358	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'start' )
[2259]	1359	!
	1360	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3775]	1361	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
[2259]	1362	!
[4559]	1363	!-- Check if synthetic turbulence generator needs to be called and new perturbations need to be
	1364	!-- created or if old disturbances can be imposed again.
	1365	IF ( time_stg_call >= dt_stg_call .AND. &
[4022]	1366	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1367	stg_call = .TRUE.
	1368	ELSE
	1369	stg_call = .FALSE.
	1370	ENDIF
	1371	!
[2259]	1372	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
[3646]	1373	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[4309]	1374	!
[4559]	1375	!-- Generate turbulence at the left and right boundary. Random numbers for the yz-planes at the
	1376	!-- left/right boundary are generated by the left-sided mpi ranks only. After random numbers are
	1377	!-- calculated, they are distributed to all other mpi ranks in the model, so that the velocity
	1378	!-- seed matrices are available on all mpi ranks (i.e. also on the right-sided boundary mpi ranks).
	1379	!-- In case of offline nesting, this implies, that the left- and the right-sided lateral boundary
	1380	!-- have the same initial seeds.
	1381	!-- Note, in case of inflow from the right only, only turbulence at the left boundary is required.
	1382	IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1383	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN
[4309]	1384	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1385	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1386	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1387	ELSE
[4559]	1388	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1389	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1390	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1391	!
[4559]	1392	!-- Generate turbulence at the south and north boundary. Random numbers for the xz-planes at
	1393	!-- the south/north boundary are generated by the south-sided mpi ranks only. Please see also
	1394	!-- comment above.
	1395	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1396	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1397	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1398	ENDIF
[2259]	1399	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1400	ENDIF
	1401	!
[4559]	1402	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw. Note, for inflow from the left side only, velocity seeds are only
	1403	!-- required at the left boundary, while in case of offline nesting or RANS-LES nesting velocity
	1404	!-- seeds are required also at the right, south and north boundaries.
[4022]	1405	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4559]	1406	IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. &
	1407	( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[4309]	1408	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN
	1409	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1410	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1411	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1412
	1413	ELSE
[4559]	1414	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1415	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1416	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
[4309]	1417
[4559]	1418	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1419	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1420	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
[4022]	1421	ENDIF
[2938]	1422	ENDIF
[4559]	1423
[2938]	1424	!
[4309]	1425	!-- Turbulence generation at left and/or right boundary
[2938]	1426	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[2259]	1427	!
[4559]	1428	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and when dt_stg_call is
	1429	!-- exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is imposed
[4022]	1430	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4559]	1431
[4438]	1432	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1433	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
[4559]	1434	!
[4022]	1435	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
[4566]	1436	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1437	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
	1438	ELSE
[4559]	1439	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1440	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[4022]	1441	ENDIF
[4559]	1442
[4566]	1443	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1444	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
	1445	ELSE
[4559]	1446	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1447	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[4022]	1448	ENDIF
[4559]	1449
[4566]	1450	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1451	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
	1452	ELSE
[4559]	1453	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1454	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[4022]	1455	ENDIF
	1456	ENDDO
	1457	ENDDO
[4559]	1458
[4022]	1459	dist_yz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1460	dist_yz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1461	dist_yz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
[4559]	1462
[4022]	1463	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
[4559]	1464	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4438]	1465	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1466	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
[4559]	1467	!
[4022]	1468	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
[4566]	1469	dist_yz(k,j,1) = a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j) * &
[4562]	1470	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[4566]	1471
[4022]	1472	ENDDO
	1473	ENDDO
[4309]	1474
[4022]	1475	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1476	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4438]	1477	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1478	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
[4559]	1479	!
[4022]	1480	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
[4559]	1481	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w experimental test
	1482	!-- of 1.2
[4566]	1483	dist_yz(k,j,2) = ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) + a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) * &
[4559]	1484	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[4566]	1485	dist_yz(k,j,3) = ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) + a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) + &
	1486	a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ) * &
	1487	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
	1488
[4022]	1489	ENDDO
[2259]	1490	ENDDO
[4022]	1491	ENDIF
[2259]	1492	!
	1493	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
[4559]	1494	!-- This correction factor ensures that the mass flux is preserved at the inflow boundary. First,
	1495	!-- calculate mean value of the imposed perturbations at yz boundary. Note, this needs to be done
	1496	!-- only after the last RK3-substep, else the boundary values won't be accessed.
[4022]	1497	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[4559]	1498	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1499	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1500	!
	1501	!-- Sum up the original volume flows (with and without perturbations).
	1502	!-- Note, for non-normal components (here v and w) it is actually no volume flow.
[2938]	1503	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1504	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4559]	1505
[4562]	1506	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,1) * &
	1507	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
[4559]	1508
[4022]	1509	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1510	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4559]	1511
[4562]	1512	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,2) * &
	1513	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
	1514	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,3) * &
	1515	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
[4559]	1516
[2938]	1517	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	1518	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1519	#else
	1520	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1521	#endif
[4559]	1522	!
	1523	!-- Calculate correction factor and force zero mean perturbations.
	1524	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_yz, KIND = wp )
	1525
	1526	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1527	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1528
[4562]	1529	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) - mc_factor(1) ) * &
	1530	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) )
[4559]	1531
	1532
	1533	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1534	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1535
[4562]	1536	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) - mc_factor(2) ) * &
	1537	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 2 ) )
[4559]	1538
[4562]	1539	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) - mc_factor(3) ) * &
	1540	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) )
[4559]	1541	!
[2938]	1542	!-- Add disturbances
	1543	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[4559]	1544	!
	1545	!-- For the left boundary distinguish between mesoscale offline / self nesting and
	1546	!-- turbulent inflow at the left boundary only. In the latter case turbulence is imposed on
	1547	!-- the mean inflow profiles.
	1548	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	1549	!
[4022]	1550	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
[4438]	1551	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1552	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4562]	1553	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * &
	1554	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
	1555	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * &
	1556	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1557	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * &
	1558	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1559	ENDDO
[2938]	1560	ENDDO
[4022]	1561	ELSE
[4559]	1562
[4022]	1563	DO j = nys, nyn
	1564	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[4562]	1565	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * &
	1566	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[4022]	1567	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
[4562]	1568	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * &
	1569	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1570	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) * &
	1571	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1572	ENDDO
	1573	ENDDO
	1574	ENDIF
[2938]	1575	ENDIF
	1576	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1577	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1578	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[4562]	1579	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * &
	1580	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
	1581	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * &
	1582	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
	1583	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) * &
	1584	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1585	ENDDO
	1586	ENDDO
	1587	ENDIF
	1588	ENDIF
	1589	ENDIF
	1590	!
	1591	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1592	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1593	!
[4559]	1594	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and when dt_stg_call is
	1595	!-- exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is imposed
[4022]	1596	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4438]	1597	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1598	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
[4559]	1599	!
[4022]	1600	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
[4566]	1601	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1602	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1603	ELSE
[4559]	1604	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1605	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[4022]	1606	ENDIF
[4559]	1607
[4566]	1608	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1609	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1610	ELSE
[4559]	1611	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1612	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[4022]	1613	ENDIF
[4559]	1614
[4566]	1615	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1616	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1617	ELSE
[4559]	1618	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1619	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[4022]	1620	ENDIF
	1621	ENDDO
	1622	ENDDO
[4559]	1623
	1624
[4022]	1625	dist_xz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1626	dist_xz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1627	dist_xz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
[4559]	1628
[4022]	1629	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1630	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4438]	1631	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1632	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
[4559]	1633	!
[4022]	1634	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
[4559]	1635	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1636	!experimental test of 1.2
[4566]	1637	dist_xz(k,i,2) = ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) + a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) * &
[4559]	1638	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1639	ENDDO
	1640	ENDDO
[4559]	1641
[4022]	1642	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1643	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4438]	1644	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1645	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
[4559]	1646	!
[4022]	1647	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1648	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
[4566]	1649	dist_xz(k,i,1) = a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i) * &
[4562]	1650	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[4559]	1651
[4566]	1652	dist_xz(k,i,3) = ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) + a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) + &
	1653	a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ) * &
[4562]	1654	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1655	ENDDO
[2938]	1656	ENDDO
[4022]	1657	ENDIF
[3347]	1658
[2938]	1659	!
[4559]	1660	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013). This correction factor ensures that the
	1661	!-- mass flux is preserved at the inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed
	1662	!-- perturbations at yz boundary. Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep,
	1663	!-- else the boundary values won't be accessed.
[4022]	1664	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[4559]	1665	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1666	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1667
[4022]	1668	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1669	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4559]	1670
[4562]	1671	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,2) * &
	1672	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
[4559]	1673
	1674	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1675	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1676
[4562]	1677	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxlu:nxr,1) * &
	1678	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
	1679	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,3) * &
	1680	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
[4559]	1681
[2938]	1682	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	1683	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1684	#else
[4022]	1685	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1686	#endif
[4559]	1687
[4022]	1688	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_xz, KIND = wp )
[4559]	1689
	1690	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1691	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1692
[4562]	1693	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) - mc_factor(2) ) * &
	1694	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) )
[4559]	1695
	1696
	1697	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1698	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1699
[4562]	1700	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) - mc_factor(1) ) * &
	1701	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 1 ) )
[4559]	1702
[4562]	1703	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) - mc_factor(3) ) * &
	1704	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) )
[4559]	1705	!
[4022]	1706	!-- Add disturbances
[4559]	1707	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
[4022]	1708	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1709	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[4559]	1710	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1711	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
	1712	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1713	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1714	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
[4559]	1715	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1716	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1717	ENDDO
[2938]	1718	ENDDO
[4022]	1719	ENDIF
	1720	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
[4559]	1721
[4022]	1722	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1723	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[4562]	1724	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) * &
	1725	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
	1726	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) * &
	1727	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
	1728	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) * &
	1729	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1730	ENDDO
[2938]	1731	ENDDO
[4022]	1732	ENDIF
[2938]	1733	ENDIF
[2259]	1734	ENDIF
[3347]	1735	!
[4438]	1736	!-- Exchange ghost points.
	1737	CALL exchange_horiz( u, nbgp )
	1738	CALL exchange_horiz( v, nbgp )
	1739	CALL exchange_horiz( w, nbgp )
	1740	!
[3347]	1741	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
[4022]	1742	IF ( stg_call ) time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[4566]	1743	!
	1744	!-- Set adjustment step to False to indicate that time correlation can be
	1745	!-- switched-on again.
	1746	adjustment_step = .FALSE.
[2259]	1747
[3987]	1748	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'end' )
	1749
[2259]	1750	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1751
[4559]	1752	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1753	! Description:
	1754	! ------------
[4559]	1755	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE and calculate the velocity seed
	1756	!> f_n. f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and each PE
	1757	!> calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all parts are collected to form the full
	1758	!> array.
	1759	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4309]	1760	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id_left, id_right )
[2259]	1761
[4559]	1762	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_left !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1763	INTEGER(iwp), OPTIONAL :: id_right !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1764	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1765	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1766	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1767	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1768	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
[2259]	1769
[4559]	1770	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1771	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[2259]	1772
[4559]	1773	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1774	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1775	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
[2259]	1776
[4566]	1777	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1778	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[4559]	1779
	1780	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1781	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1782
	1783	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers
[2259]	1784	!
[4559]	1785	!-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator. The set of random numbers are
	1786	!-- modified to have an average of 0 and unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array
	1787	!-- must be defined globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However, the calculation
	1788	!-- and normalization of random numbers is done locally, while the result is later distributed to
[4566]	1789	!-- all processes. Further, please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the west
	1790	!-- boundary, while the east boundary uses the same random numbers and thus also computes the same
[4559]	1791	!-- correlation matrix.
[4566]	1792	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp_z:nzt+1+mergp_z,-mergp_y+nys:nyn+mergp_y) )
[4438]	1793	rand_it = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1794
	1795	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1796	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
[4566]	1797	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp_z - ( nzb - mergp_z ) + 1 ) &
	1798	* ( ny + mergp_y - ( 0 - mergp_y ) + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[4309]	1799	!
[4438]	1800	!-- Compute and normalize random numbers.
[4566]	1801	DO j = nys - mergp_y, nyn + mergp_y
[4309]	1802	!
[4438]	1803	!-- Put the random seeds at grid point j
	1804	CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_yz(:,j) )
[4566]	1805	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1806	CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy )
	1807	rand_it(k,j) = random_dummy
	1808	ENDDO
[4309]	1809	!
[4438]	1810	!-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point j
	1811	CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_yz(:,j) )
	1812	ENDDO
[4309]	1813	!
[4559]	1814	!-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers. To normalize the global set of
	1815	!-- random numbers, the inner ghost layers mergp must not be summed-up, else the random numbers on
	1816	!-- the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they also occur on the inner subdomains.
[4566]	1817	DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp_y, nys /= 0 ), MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp_y, nyn /= ny )
	1818	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1819	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
[2259]	1820	ENDDO
[4438]	1821	ENDDO
[4842]	1822
[4309]	1823	#if defined( __parallel )
	1824	!
[4438]	1825	!-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers
[4559]	1826	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	1827	#endif
[4438]	1828	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
[4309]	1829	!
[4438]	1830	!-- Obtain zero mean
	1831	rand_it= rand_it - rand_av
[4309]	1832	!
[4438]	1833	!-- Now, compute the variance
[4566]	1834	DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp_y, nys /= 0 ), MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp_y, nyn /= ny )
	1835	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1836	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j)**2
[2259]	1837	ENDDO
[4438]	1838	ENDDO
[2259]	1839
[4309]	1840	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	1841	!
[4438]	1842	!-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers
[4559]	1843	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	1844	#endif
	1845	!
[4438]	1846	!-- Compute standard deviation
	1847	IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1848	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv )
	1849	ELSE
	1850	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp
[4309]	1851	ENDIF
	1852	!
[4438]	1853	!-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance
	1854	rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv
	1855
	1856	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' )
[4309]	1857	!
[4559]	1858	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There are two options. In the
	1859	!-- first one, the computation of the seeds is distributed to all processes along the communicator
	1860	!-- comm1dy and gathered on the leftmost and, if necessary, on the rightmost process. For huge
	1861	!-- length scales the computational effort can become quite huge (it scales with the turbulent
	1862	!-- length scales), so that gain by parallelization exceeds the costs by the subsequent
	1863	!-- communication. In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales
	1864	!-- are parametrized and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed locally and no
	1865	!-- communication is necessary.
[4438]	1866	IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
	1867
	1868	f_n = 0.0_wp
	1869	DO j = nys, nyn
	1870	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1871	DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k)
	1872	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	1873	f_n(k,j) = f_n(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1874	ENDDO
	1875	ENDDO
	1876	ENDDO
[2259]	1877	ENDDO
	1878
[4438]	1879	ELSE
[2259]	1880
[4438]	1881	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1882	DO j = nys, nyn
	1883	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
	1884	DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k)
	1885	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	1886	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1887	ENDDO
[2259]	1888	ENDDO
	1889	ENDDO
	1890	ENDDO
	1891	!
[4438]	1892	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1893	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1894	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1895
	1896	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	1897	!
[4438]	1898	!-- Gather the velocity seed matrix on left boundary mpi ranks.
[4559]	1899	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nys), &
	1900	recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, id_left, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	1901	!
[4559]	1902	!-- If required, gather the same velocity seed matrix on right boundary mpi ranks (in offline
	1903	!-- nesting for example).
[4438]	1904	IF ( PRESENT( id_right ) ) THEN
[4559]	1905	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nys), &
	1906	recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, id_right, comm1dx, ierr )
[4438]	1907	ENDIF
[2259]	1908	#else
[4438]	1909	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nys:nyn) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn)
[4444]	1910	!
	1911	!-- Next line required to avoid compile errors because of unused dummy arguments
	1912	IF ( id_left == 0 ) id_right = 0
[2259]	1913	#endif
	1914
[4438]	1915	ENDIF
[2259]	1916
[4438]	1917	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1918
	1919	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' )
	1920
[2259]	1921	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1922
[2938]	1923
[4559]	1924	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2938]	1925	! Description:
	1926	! ------------
[4559]	1927	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE and calculate the velocity seed
	1928	!> f_n.
	1929	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and and each PE
	1930	!> calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all parts are collected to form the
	1931	!> full array.
	1932	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4309]	1933	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id_south, id_north )
[2938]	1934
[4566]	1935	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1936	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_north !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1937	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_south !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1938	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1939	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1940	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1941	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
[2938]	1942
[4566]	1943	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1944	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[2938]	1945
[4566]	1946	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1947	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1948	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
[2938]	1949
[4566]	1950	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1951	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[4842]	1952
[4566]	1953	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1954	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n !< velocity seed
[2938]	1955
[4566]	1956	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers
[2938]	1957
	1958	!
[4559]	1959	!-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator. The set of random numbers are
	1960	!-- modified to have an average of 0 and unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array
	1961	!-- must be defined globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However, the calculation
	1962	!-- and normalization of random numbers is done locally, while the result is later distributed to
[4566]	1963	!-- all processes. Further, please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the south
	1964	!-- boundary, while the north boundary uses the same random numbers and thus also computes the same
[4559]	1965	!-- correlation matrix.
[4566]	1966	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp_z:nzt+1+mergp_z,-mergp_x+nxl:nxr+mergp_x) )
[4438]	1967	rand_it = 0.0_wp
[2938]	1968
	1969	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1970	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
[4566]	1971	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp_z - ( nzb - mergp_z ) + 1 ) &
	1972	* ( nx + mergp_x - ( 0 - mergp_x ) +1 ), KIND = wp )
[4309]	1973	!
[4438]	1974	!-- Compute and normalize random numbers.
[4566]	1975	DO i = nxl - mergp_x, nxr + mergp_x
[4309]	1976	!
[4438]	1977	!-- Put the random seeds at grid point ii
	1978	CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_xz(:,i) )
[4566]	1979	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1980	CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy )
	1981	rand_it(k,i) = random_dummy
	1982	ENDDO
[4309]	1983	!
[4438]	1984	!-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point ii
	1985	CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_xz(:,i) )
	1986	ENDDO
[4309]	1987	!
[4438]	1988	!-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers.
[4559]	1989	!-- To normalize the global set of random numbers, the inner ghost layers mergp must not be
	1990	!-- summed-up, else the random numbers on the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they
[4438]	1991	!-- also occur on the inner subdomains.
[4566]	1992	DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp_x, nxl /= 0 ), MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp_x, nxr /= nx )
	1993	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1994	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
[2938]	1995	ENDDO
[4438]	1996	ENDDO
[4842]	1997
[4309]	1998	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	1999	!
	2000	!-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers
[4559]	2001	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	2002	#endif
[4438]	2003	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
[4309]	2004	!
[4438]	2005	!-- Obtain zero mean
	2006	rand_it= rand_it - rand_av
[4309]	2007	!
[4438]	2008	!-- Now, compute the variance
[4566]	2009	DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp_x, nxl /= 0 ), MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp_x, nxr /= nx )
	2010	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	2011	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i)**2
[2938]	2012	ENDDO
[4438]	2013	ENDDO
[2938]	2014
[4309]	2015	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	2016	!
	2017	!-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers
[4559]	2018	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	2019	#endif
[2938]	2020	!
[4438]	2021	!-- Compute standard deviation
	2022	IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2023	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv )
	2024	ELSE
	2025	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp
[4309]	2026	ENDIF
	2027	!
[4438]	2028	!-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance
	2029	rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv
	2030
	2031	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' )
[4309]	2032	!
[4559]	2033	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There are two options. In the
	2034	!-- first one, the computation of the seeds is distributed to all processes along the communicator
	2035	!-- comm1dx and gathered on the southmost and, if necessary, on the northmost process. For huge
	2036	!-- length scales the computational effort can become quite huge (it scales with the turbulent
	2037	!-- length scales), so that gain by parallelization exceeds the costs by the subsequent communication.
	2038	!-- In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales are parametrized
	2039	!-- and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed locally and no communication is necessary.
[4438]	2040	IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
[2938]	2041
[4438]	2042	f_n = 0.0_wp
	2043	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2044	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	2045	DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k)
	2046	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	2047	f_n(k,i) = f_n(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	2048	ENDDO
[2938]	2049	ENDDO
	2050	ENDDO
	2051	ENDDO
	2052
[4438]	2053	ELSE
[2938]	2054
[4438]	2055	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	2056	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2057	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	2058	DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k)
	2059	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	2060	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	2061	ENDDO
	2062	ENDDO
	2063	ENDDO
	2064	ENDDO
[2938]	2065	!
[4438]	2066	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	2067	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	2068	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2938]	2069
	2070	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	2071	!
[4438]	2072	!-- Gather the processed velocity seed on south boundary mpi ranks.
[4559]	2073	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nxl), &
	2074	recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, id_south, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	2075	!
[4438]	2076	!-- Gather the processed velocity seed on north boundary mpi ranks.
[4559]	2077	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nxl), &
	2078	recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, id_north, comm1dy, ierr )
[2938]	2079	#else
[4438]	2080	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr)
[4444]	2081	!
	2082	!-- Next line required to avoid compile errors because of unused dummy arguments
	2083	IF ( id_north == 0 ) id_south = 0
[2938]	2084	#endif
	2085
[4438]	2086	ENDIF
	2087
	2088	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	2089
	2090	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' )
	2091
[2938]	2092	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	2093
[4559]	2094	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2095	! Description:
	2096	! ------------
[4842]	2097	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds-stress componentes, turbulent length- and time scales. The
[4566]	2098	!> parametrization follows Brost et al. (1982) with modifications described in Rotach et al. (1996),
	2099	!> which is applied in state-of-the-art dispserion modelling.
[4559]	2100	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4566]	2101	SUBROUTINE parametrize_turbulence
[3347]	2102
[4566]	2103	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[4559]	2104
[4566]	2105	REAL(wp) :: corr_term_uh !< correction term in parametrization of horizontal variances for unstable stratification
	2106	REAL(wp) :: d_zi !< inverse boundary-layer depth
	2107	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lon !< length scale in flow direction
	2108	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lon_zi !< length scale in flow direction at boundary-layer top
	2109	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lat !< length scale in crosswind direction
	2110	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lat_zi !< length scale in crosswind direction at boundary-layer top
	2111	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_vert !< length scale in vertical direction
	2112	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_vert_zi !< length scale in vertical direction at boundary-layer top
	2113	REAL(wp) :: time_scale_zi !< time scale at boundary-layer top
	2114	REAL(wp) :: r11_zi !< longitudinal variance at boundary-layer top
	2115	REAL(wp) :: r22_zi !< crosswind variance at boundary-layer top
	2116	REAL(wp) :: r33_zi !< vertical variance at boundary-layer top
	2117	REAL(wp) :: r31_zi !< r31 at boundary-layer top
	2118	REAL(wp) :: r32_zi !< r32 at boundary-layer top
	2119	REAL(wp) :: rlat1 !< first dummy argument for crosswind compoment of reynolds stress
	2120	REAL(wp) :: rlat2 !< second dummy argument for crosswind compoment of reynolds stress
	2121	REAL(wp) :: rlon1 !< first dummy argument for longitudinal compoment of reynolds stress
	2122	REAL(wp) :: rlon2 !< second dummy argument for longitudinal compoment of reynolds stress
	2123	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
[4559]	2124
[4566]	2125	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: cos_phi !< cosine of angle between mean flow direction and x-axis
	2126	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: phi !< angle between mean flow direction and x-axis
	2127	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: sin_phi !< sine of angle between mean flow direction and x-axis
	2128
[3347]	2129	!
[4566]	2130	!-- Calculate the boundary-layer top index. Boundary-layer top is calculated by Richardson-bulk
	2131	!-- criterion according to Heinze et al. (2017).
	2132	k_zi = MAX( 1, MINLOC( ABS( zu - zi_ribulk ), DIM = 1 ) )
	2133	IF ( zu(k_zi) > zi_ribulk ) k_zi = k_zi - 1
	2134	k_zi = MIN( k_zi, nzt )
[3347]	2135	!
[4566]	2136	!-- Calculate angle between flow direction and x-axis.
	2137	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	2138	IF ( u_init(k) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2139	phi(k) = ATAN( v_init(k) / u_init(k) )
	2140	ELSE
	2141	phi(k) = 0.5 * pi
	2142	ENDIF
	2143	!
	2144	!-- Pre-calculate sine and cosine.
	2145	cos_phi(k) = COS( phi(k) )
	2146	sin_phi(k) = SIN( phi(k) )
	2147	ENDDO
	2148	!
	2149	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress components. Please note, parametrization is formulated for the
	2150	!-- stream- and spanwise components, while stream- and spanwise direction do not necessarily
	2151	!-- coincide with the grid axis. Hence, components are rotated after computation.
	2152	d_zi = 1.0_wp / zi_ribulk
	2153	DO k = nzb+1, k_zi
	2154
	2155	corr_term_uh = MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
	2156	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
	2157	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
	2158	0.0_wp, &
[4640]	2159	scale_l < -5.0_wp )
[4566]	2160	!
[4022]	2161	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
[4566]	2162	zzi = zu(k) * d_zi
[3347]	2163	!
[4566]	2164	!-- Compute longitudinal and crosswind component of reynolds stress. Rotate these components by
	2165	!-- the wind direction to map onto the u- and v-component. Note, since reynolds stress for
	2166	!-- variances cannot become negative, take the absolute values.
	2167	rlon1 = scale_us*2 ( corr_term_uh + 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi )
	2168	rlat1 = scale_us*2 ( corr_term_uh + 2.0_wp - zzi )
[4559]	2169
[4566]	2170	r11(k) = ABS( cos_phi(k) * rlon1 + sin_phi(k) * rlat1 )
	2171	r22(k) = ABS( - sin_phi(k) * rlon1 + cos_phi(k) * rlat1 )
[4559]	2172	!
	2173	!-- w'w'
[4566]	2174	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	2175	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	2176	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	2177	)
[4559]	2178	!
[4566]	2179	!-- u'w' and v'w'. After calculation of the longitudinal and crosswind component
[4842]	2180	!-- these are projected along the x- and y-direction. Note, it is assumed that
[4566]	2181	!-- the flux within the boundary points opposite to the vertical gradient.
	2182	rlon2 = scale_us*2 ( zzi - 1.0_wp )
	2183	rlat2 = scale_us*2 ( 0.4 * zzi * ( 1.0_wp - zzi ) )
	2184
	2185	r31(k) = SIGN( ABS( cos_phi(k) * rlon2 + sin_phi(k) * rlat2 ), &
	2186	- ( u_init(k+1) - u_init(k-1) ) )
	2187	r32(k) = SIGN( ABS( - sin_phi(k) * rlon2 + cos_phi(k) * rlat2 ), &
	2188	- ( v_init(k+1) - v_init(k-1) ) )
[3347]	2189	!
[4640]	2190	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far. For simplicity assume a similar profile as
	2191	!-- for the vertical transport.
	2192	r21(k) = 0.5_wp * ( r31(k) + r32(k) )
	2193	!
[4566]	2194	!-- Compute turbulent time scales according to Brost et al. (1982). Note, time scales are
	2195	!-- limited to the adjustment time scales.
	2196	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, &
	2197	3.33_wp * zzi * ( 1.0 - 0.67_wp * zzi ) / scale_wm * zi_ribulk )
	2198
	2199	tv(k) = tu(k)
	2200	tw(k) = tu(k)
	2201
	2202	length_scale_lon = MIN( SQRT( r11(k) ) * tu(k), zi_ribulk )
	2203	length_scale_lat = MIN( SQRT( r22(k) ) * tv(k), zi_ribulk )
	2204	length_scale_vert = MIN( SQRT( r33(k) ) * tw(k), zi_ribulk )
	2205	!
	2206	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	2207	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2208	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2209	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2210	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2211	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2212	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2213	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2214	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2215	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2216
[3347]	2217	ENDDO
[4566]	2218	!
	2219	!-- Above boundary-layer top length- and timescales as well as reynolds-stress components are
	2220	!-- reduced to zero by a blending function.
	2221	length_scale_lon_zi = SQRT( r11(k_zi) ) * tu(k_zi)
	2222	length_scale_lat_zi = SQRT( r22(k_zi) ) * tv(k_zi)
	2223	length_scale_vert_zi = SQRT( r33(k_zi) ) * tu(k_zi)
[3347]	2224
[4566]	2225	time_scale_zi = tu(k_zi)
	2226	r11_zi = r11(k_zi)
	2227	r22_zi = r22(k_zi)
	2228	r33_zi = r33(k_zi)
	2229	r31_zi = r31(k_zi)
	2230	r32_zi = r32(k_zi)
	2231
	2232	d_l = blend_coeff / MAX( length_scale_vert_zi, dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) )
	2233
	2234	DO k = k_zi+1, nzt+1
[3347]	2235	!
[4566]	2236	!-- Calculate function to gradually decrease Reynolds stress above ABL top.
	2237	blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) )
	2238	!
	2239	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number to the denominator, else
	2240	!-- the mergpe-function can crash if scale_l is zero.
	2241	r11(k) = r11_zi * blend
	2242	r22(k) = r22_zi * blend
	2243	r33(k) = r33_zi * blend
	2244	r31(k) = r31_zi * blend
	2245	r32(k) = r32_zi * blend
[4640]	2246	r21(k) = 0.5_wp * ( r31(k) + r32(k) )
[4566]	2247
	2248	!
	2249	!-- Compute turbulent time scales according to Brost et al. (1982).
	2250	!-- Note, time scales are limited to the adjustment time scales.
	2251	tu(k) = time_scale_zi * blend
	2252	tv(k) = time_scale_zi * blend
	2253	tw(k) = time_scale_zi * blend
	2254
	2255	length_scale_lon = length_scale_lon_zi * blend
	2256	length_scale_lat = length_scale_lat_zi * blend
	2257	length_scale_vert = length_scale_vert_zi * blend
	2258	!
	2259	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	2260	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2261	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2262	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2263	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2264	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2265	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2266	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2267	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2268	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2269	ENDDO
	2270	!
	2271	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for reynolds stresses
[3347]	2272	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2273	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	2274	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	2275
	2276	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2277	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	2278	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	2279
[4566]	2280	!
	2281	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	2282	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	2283	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	2284	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	2285	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	2286	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	2287	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	2288	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	2289	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	2290	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
[4559]	2291
[4566]	2292	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	2293	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	2294	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
[4559]	2295
[4566]	2296	adjustment_step = .TRUE.
	2297
	2298	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_turbulence
	2299
[4559]	2300	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2301	! Description:
	2302	! ------------
[4559]	2303	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	2304	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2305	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	2306
[4559]	2307	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2308
[3347]	2309	!
	2310	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	2311	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[4022]	2312	IF ( r11(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[4842]	2313	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
[3347]	2314	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	2315	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	2316	ELSE
	2317	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2318	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2319	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2320	ENDIF
	2321	ENDDO
	2322	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[4842]	2323	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
[4022]	2324	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2325	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
[4566]	2326	a32(k) = ( r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) ) / a22(k)
[4842]	2327	ELSE
[3347]	2328	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2329	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2330	ENDIF
	2331	ENDDO
	2332	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2333	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
[4022]	2334	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2335	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	2336	ELSE
	2337	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2338	ENDIF
[4559]	2339	ENDDO
[3347]	2340	!
	2341	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	2342	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	2343	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	2344	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
[4559]	2345	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
[3347]	2346	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
[4559]	2347	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
[3347]	2348
	2349	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
[4559]	2350
	2351	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2352	! Description:
	2353	! ------------
[4559]	2354	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used for generating
	2355	!> turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	2356	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2357	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2358
[3987]	2359	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'start' )
[3347]	2360	!
[4559]	2361	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral boundary, i.e. in the case
	2362	!-- no offline or self nesting is applied but synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized
	2363	!-- nevertheless, the boundary-layer depth need to determined first.
	2364	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
	2365	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
[4022]	2366	!
[4559]	2367	!-- Compute scaling parameters (domain-averaged), such as friction velocity are calculated.
[3347]	2368	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	2369	!
[4842]	2370	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor. Parametrization follows Brost et al. (1982) with
[4566]	2371	!-- modifications described in Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth, friction
[4842]	2372	!-- velocity and velocity scale.
[4566]	2373	CALL parametrize_turbulence
[3347]	2374	!
[4842]	2375	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
[4566]	2376	!-- (Lund rotation)
[3347]	2377	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	2378	!
[4566]	2379	!-- Setup filter functions according to updated length scales.
	2380	CALL stg_setup_filter_function
[3347]	2381	!
	2382	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	2383	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
[3987]	2384
	2385	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'end' )
[4559]	2386
	2387	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2388
	2389
	2390	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2391	! Description:
	2392	! ------------
[4559]	2393	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization according to Rotach
	2394	!> et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity, boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity
	2395	!> scale, and Obukhov length.
	2396	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2397	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2398
[4559]	2399	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	2400	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	2401	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2402	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
[3347]	2403
[4559]	2404	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
	2405	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
	2406	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
	2407	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
	2408	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2409	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2410	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2411
[3347]	2412	!
[4559]	2413	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and near-surface temperature in the
	2414	!-- model domain.
[3937]	2415	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2416	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2417	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
	2418	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
[3347]	2419	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[3937]	2420	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	2421	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
	2422	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	2423	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
	2424	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2425	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
	2426	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[4559]	2427	ENDDO
[4671]	2428	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h(0)%ns
	2429	i = surf_lsm_h(0)%i(m)
	2430	j = surf_lsm_h(0)%j(m)
	2431	k = surf_lsm_h(0)%k(m)
	2432	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h(0)%us(m)
	2433	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2434	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h(0)%ol(m)
[3937]	2435	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2436	ENDDO
[4671]	2437	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h(0)%ns
	2438	i = surf_usm_h(0)%i(m)
	2439	j = surf_usm_h(0)%j(m)
	2440	k = surf_usm_h(0)%k(m)
	2441	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h(0)%us(m)
	2442	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2443	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h(0)%ol(m)
[3937]	2444	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2445	ENDDO
[4559]	2446
[3347]	2447	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	2448	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2449	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2450	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2451	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[3347]	2452	#else
[3937]	2453	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2454	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2455	scale_l = scale_l_l
	2456	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
[3347]	2457	#endif
	2458
[4566]	2459	scale_us = scale_us * d_nxy
	2460	shf_mean = shf_mean * d_nxy
	2461	scale_l = scale_l * d_nxy
	2462	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean * d_nxy
[3347]	2463	!
[4559]	2464	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux is negative, set
	2465	!-- convective velocity scale to zero.
[3347]	2466	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3937]	2467	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[3347]	2468	ELSE
	2469	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2470	ENDIF
	2471	!
[4566]	2472	!-- At the initial run the friction velocity is initialized close to zero, leading to almost zero
	2473	!-- disturbances at the boundaries. In order to obtain disturbances nevertheless, set a minium
	2474	!-- value of friction velocity for the reynolds-stress parametrization.
	2475	IF ( time_since_reference_point <= 0.0_wp ) scale_us = MAX( scale_us, 0.05_wp )
	2476	!
[4559]	2477	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification, compute momentum velocity
	2478	!-- scale from u* and convective velocity scale, according to Rotach et al. (1996).
[3347]	2479	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[4559]	2480
[3347]	2481	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2482
[2259]	2483	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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