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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 4652

Last change on this file since 4652 was 4647, checked in by suehring, 4 years ago
Change default value of synthetic turbulence adjustment as well as compute_velocity_seeds_local. By default, the random-seed computation is now distributed among several cores. Especially for large length scales this is significantly faster.
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 112.5 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
[4559]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[4559]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
	6	! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	7	! (at your option) any later version.
[2259]	8	!
[4559]	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
	10	! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
	11	! Public License for more details.
[2259]	12	!
[4559]	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see
	14	! <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
[2259]	15	!
[4559]	16	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	18	!
[4559]	19	!
[2259]	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
[4603]	22	!
	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 4647 2020-08-24 16:36:18Z raasch $
[4647]	27	! Change default value of synthetic turbulence adjustment as well as compute_velocity_seeds_local
	28	! By default, the random-seed computation is now distributed among several cores. Especially for
	29	! large length scales this is significantly faster.
	30	!
	31	! 4640 2020-08-11 16:28:32Z suehring
[4640]	32	! - to avoid that the correction term in r11/r22 computation becomes unrealistically high, limit
	33	! Obukhov length (term is not valid for near neutral conditions)
	34	! - to avoid unrealistically large perturbations, change computation of r21 so that this resembles
	35	! the vertical transport of horizontal momentum
	36	!
	37	! 4629 2020-07-29 09:37:56Z raasch
[4629]	38	! support for MPI Fortran77 interface (mpif.h) removed
	39	!
	40	! 4603 2020-07-14 16:08:30Z suehring
[4603]	41	! Bugfix in initialization from ASCII file - x-length scales at the bottom boundary were not
	42	! initialized properly
	43	!
	44	! 4566 2020-06-16 10:11:51Z suehring
[4566]	45	! - revise parametrization for reynolds-stress components, turbulent length- and time scales
	46	! - revise computation of velocity disturbances to be consistent to Xie and Castro (2008)
	47	! - change default value of time interval to adjust turbulence parametrization
	48	! - bugfix in computation of amplitude-tensor (vertical flux of horizontal momentum)
	49	!
	50	! 4562 2020-06-12 08:38:47Z raasch
[4562]	51	! Parts of r4559 re-formatted
	52	!
	53	! 4559 2020-06-11 08:51:48Z raasch
[4559]	54	! File re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard
	55	!
	56	! 4535 2020-05-15 12:07:23Z raasch
	57	! Bugfix for restart data format query
	58	!
[4535]	59	! 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch
[4559]	60	! Restart data handling with MPI-IO added
	61	!
[4495]	62	! 4481 2020-03-31 18:55:54Z maronga
[4559]	63	! Bugfix: cpp-directives for serial mode added, dummy statements to prevent compile errors added
	64	!
[4444]	65	! 4442 2020-03-04 19:21:13Z suehring
[4442]	66	! Set back turbulent length scale to 8 x grid spacing in the parametrized mode
	67	! (was accidantly changed).
[4559]	68	!
[4442]	69	! 4441 2020-03-04 19:20:35Z suehring
[4440]	70	! Correct misplaced preprocessor directive
[4559]	71	!
[4440]	72	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
[4438]	73	! Performance optimizations in velocity-seed calculation:
[4559]	74	! - Random number array is only defined and computed locally (except for normalization to zero mean
	75	! and unit variance)
	76	! - Parallel random number generator is applied independent on the 2D random numbers in other
	77	! routines
	78	! - Option to decide wheter velocity seeds are computed locally without any further communication
	79	! or are computed by all processes along the communicator
	80	!
[4438]	81	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4559]	82	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography
	83	! information used in wall_flags_static_0
	84	!
[4346]	85	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	86	! Commentation of last commit
[4559]	87	!
[4335]	88	! 4332 2019-12-10 19:44:12Z suehring
[4559]	89	! Limit initial velocity seeds in restart runs, if not the seed calculation may become unstable.
	90	! Further, minor bugfix in initial velocity seed calculation.
	91	!
[4332]	92	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	93	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
[4559]	94	!
[4329]	95	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4559]	96	! Computation of velocity seeds optimized. This implies that random numbers are computed now using
	97	! the parallel random number generator. Random numbers are now only computed and normalized locally,
	98	! while distributed over all mpi ranks afterwards, instead of computing random numbers on a global
	99	! array.
	100	! Further, the number of calls for the time-consuming velocity-seed generation is reduced - now the
	101	! left and right, as well as the north and south boundary share the same velocity-seed matrices.
	102	!
[4309]	103	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	104	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[4559]	105	!
[4182]	106	! 4148 2019-08-08 11:26:00Z suehring
[4148]	107	! Remove unused variable
[4559]	108	!
[4148]	109	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
[4559]	110	! Relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
	111	!
[4144]	112	! 4071 2019-07-03 20:02:00Z suehring
[4559]	113	! Bugfix, initialize mean_inflow_profiles in case turbulence and inflow information is not read from
	114	! file.
	115	!
[4071]	116	! 4022 2019-06-12 11:52:39Z suehring
[4022]	117	! Several bugfixes and improvements
[4559]	118	! - Revise bias correction of the imposed perturbations (correction via volume flow can create
	119	! instabilities in case the mean volume flow is close to zero)
	120	! - Introduce lower limits in calculation of coefficient matrix, else the calculation may become
	121	! numerically unstable
	122	! - Impose perturbations every timestep, even though no new set of perturbations is generated in
	123	! case dt_stg_call /= dt_3d
	124	! - Implement a gradual decrease of Reynolds stress and length scales above ABL height (within 1
	125	! length scale above ABL depth to 1/10) rather than a discontinuous decrease
[4022]	126	! - Bugfix in non-nested case: use ABL height for parametrized turbulence
[4559]	127	!
[4022]	128	! 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z kanani
[3987]	129	! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping
[4559]	130	!
[3987]	131	! 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z suehring
[3938]	132	! Remove unused variables
[4559]	133	!
[3938]	134	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
[4559]	135	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not present.
	136	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling parameters used for
	137	! synthetic turbulence parametrization.
	138	!
[3937]	139	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
[3909]	140	! Minor bugfix for last commit
[4559]	141	!
[3909]	142	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
[3900]	143	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
[4559]	144	!
[3900]	145	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
[4559]	146	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
	147	!
[3891]	148	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[4559]	149	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction of additional debug
	150	! messages
	151	!
	152	!
	153	! Removed unused variables
	154	!
[3775]	155	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
[4559]	156	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to log_point(2)
	157	! 'initialization' already. Moved other log_points to calls of the subroutines in time_integration
	158	! for better overview.
	159	!
[4182]	160	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
	161	! Initial revision
[3044]	162	!
[4182]	163	! Authors:
	164	! --------
	165	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	166	!
	167	!
[2259]	168	! Description:
	169	! ------------
[4559]	170	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by Xie and Castro (2008)
	171	!> utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	172	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and a time scale for
	173	!> each velocity component. The profiles of length and time scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all
	174	!> components of the Reynolds stress tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be
	175	!> parametrized within the boundary layer.
[2259]	176	!>
[4566]	177	!> @todo Enable cyclic_fill
[4559]	178	!> Implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2259]	179	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
[4559]	180	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input must match with current
	181	!> PALM grid.
	182	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11, a22, or a33 are zero.
	183	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	184	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	185
	186
[4559]	187	USE arrays_3d, &
	188	ONLY: dzw, &
	189	ddzw, &
	190	drho_air, &
	191	mean_inflow_profiles, &
	192	pt, &
	193	pt_init, &
	194	q, &
	195	q_init, &
	196	u, &
	197	u_init, &
	198	v, &
	199	v_init, &
	200	w, &
	201	zu, &
[4022]	202	zw
[2259]	203
[4559]	204	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	205	ONLY: g, &
	206	kappa, &
[4022]	207	pi
[2259]	208
[4559]	209	USE control_parameters, &
	210	ONLY: bc_lr, &
	211	bc_ns, &
	212	child_domain, &
	213	coupling_char, &
	214	debug_output_timestep, &
	215	dt_3d, &
	216	e_init, &
	217	humidity, &
	218	initializing_actions, &
	219	intermediate_timestep_count, &
	220	intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	221	length, &
	222	message_string, &
	223	nesting_offline, &
	224	neutral, &
	225	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
	226	random_generator, &
	227	rans_mode, &
	228	restart_data_format_output, &
	229	restart_string, &
	230	syn_turb_gen, &
	231	time_since_reference_point, &
[4022]	232	turbulent_inflow
[4438]	233
[4559]	234	USE cpulog, &
	235	ONLY: cpu_log, &
[4438]	236	log_point_s
	237
[4559]	238	USE grid_variables, &
	239	ONLY: ddx, &
	240	ddy, &
	241	dx, &
[4022]	242	dy
[2259]	243
[4559]	244	USE indices, &
	245	ONLY: nbgp, &
	246	nz, &
	247	nzb, &
	248	nzt, &
	249	nx, &
	250	nxl, &
	251	nxlu, &
	252	nxr, &
	253	ny, &
	254	nys, &
	255	nysv, &
	256	nyn, &
[4346]	257	wall_flags_total_0
[2259]	258
	259	USE kinds
	260
[4629]	261	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	262	USE MPI
[2841]	263	#endif
[2259]	264
[4559]	265	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
	266	ONLY: nesting_offl_calc_zi, &
[4022]	267	zi_ribulk
[3347]	268
[4559]	269	USE pegrid, &
	270	ONLY: comm1dx, &
	271	comm1dy, &
	272	comm2d, &
	273	ierr, &
	274	myidx, &
	275	myidy, &
[4022]	276	pdims
[4438]	277
[4559]	278	USE pmc_interface, &
[4022]	279	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[4438]	280
[4559]	281	USE random_generator_parallel, &
	282	ONLY: init_parallel_random_generator, &
	283	random_dummy, &
	284	random_number_parallel, &
[4438]	285	random_seed_parallel
[2259]	286
[4495]	287	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
	288	ONLY: rrd_mpi_io, &
	289	wrd_mpi_io
	290
[4559]	291	USE transpose_indices, &
	292	ONLY: nzb_x, &
	293	nzt_x
[2259]	294
[4559]	295	USE surface_mod, &
	296	ONLY: surf_def_h, &
	297	surf_lsm_h, &
[4438]	298	surf_usm_h
[2259]	299
	300	IMPLICIT NONE
	301
[3038]	302	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	303	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	304	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	305	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[4566]	306	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_zi !< vertical index of boundary-layer top
	307	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_limit = 1000 !< maximum length scale (in gp)
	308	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_x !< maximum length scale in x (in gp)
	309	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_xy !< maximum horizontal length scale (in gp)
	310	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_y !< maximum length scale in y (in gp)
	311	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_z !< maximum length scale in z (in gp)
[3038]	312	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	313	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	314	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	315	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[4444]	316	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	317	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	318	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	319	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	320	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
[4444]	321	#endif
[2259]	322
[4559]	323	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz cross-sections,
	324	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	325	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz cross-sections,
	326	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	327
[4444]	328	#if defined( __parallel )
[3347]	329	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	330	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	331	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	332	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
[4444]	333	#endif
[3347]	334	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	335	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	336	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	337	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	338	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	339	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	340	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	341	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	342	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
[2259]	343
[4559]	344	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_xz !< initial random IDs at xz inflow boundary
	345	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_yz !< initial random IDs at yz inflow boundary
	346	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_xz !< initial random seeds at xz inflow boundary
	347	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_yz !< initial random seeds at yz inflow boundary
[4438]	348
[2259]	349
[4566]	350	LOGICAL :: adjustment_step = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating that time and lenght scales have been updated and
	351	!< no time correlation to the timestep before should be considered
[4647]	352	LOGICAL :: compute_velocity_seeds_local = .FALSE. !< switch to decide whether velocity seeds are computed locally
[4559]	353	!< or if computation is distributed over several processes
	354	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file
	355	!< (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	356	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
	357	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
[2259]	358
[4559]	359
	360	REAL(wp) :: blend !< value to create gradually and smooth blending of Reynolds stress and length
	361	!< scales above the boundary layer
[4566]	362	REAL(wp) :: blend_coeff = -9.3_wp !< coefficient used to ensure that blending functions decreases to 1/10 after
[4559]	363	!< one length scale above ABL top
	364	REAL(wp) :: d_l !< blend_coeff/length_scale
[4566]	365	REAL(wp) :: d_nxy !< inverse of the total number of xy-grid points
	366	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 1800.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
[4559]	367	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
	368	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	369	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	370	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	371	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	372	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	373
	374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< correction factor for the u,v,w-components to maintain original mass flux
	375
	376
	377	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	378	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	379	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	380	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	381	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	382	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	383
	384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
	393
	394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	414	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	415
[4566]	416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< disturbances for parallel/crosswind/vertical component at north/south boundary
	417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< disturbances for parallel/crosswind/vertical component at north/south boundary
[4559]	418
[2259]	419	!
	420	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	421	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	422	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	423	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	424	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	425	!
[2259]	426	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	427	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	428	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	429	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	430
	431	!
	432	!-- Calculate filter functions
	433	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	434	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	435	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	436
	437	!
[2938]	438	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	439	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	440	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	441	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	442	!
	443	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	444	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	445	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	446	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	447
	448	!
	449	!-- Output of information to the header file
	450	INTERFACE stg_header
	451	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	452	END INTERFACE stg_header
	453
	454	!
	455	!-- Initialization actions
	456	INTERFACE stg_init
	457	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	458	END INTERFACE stg_init
	459
	460	!
	461	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	462	INTERFACE stg_main
	463	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	464	END INTERFACE stg_main
	465
	466	!
	467	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	468	INTERFACE stg_parin
	469	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	470	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	471
	472	!
	473	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	474	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[4495]	475	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global_ftn
	476	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global_mpi
[2894]	477	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	478
	479	!
	480	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	481	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	482	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	483	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	484
	485	SAVE
	486
	487	PRIVATE
	488
	489	!
	490	!-- Public interfaces
[4559]	491	PUBLIC stg_adjust, &
	492	stg_check_parameters, &
	493	stg_header, &
	494	stg_init, &
	495	stg_main, &
	496	stg_parin, &
	497	stg_rrd_global, &
	498	stg_wrd_global
[2259]	499
	500	!
	501	!-- Public variables
[4559]	502	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, &
	503	dt_stg_adjust, &
	504	id_stg_left, &
	505	id_stg_north, &
	506	id_stg_right, &
	507	id_stg_south, &
	508	parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	509	time_stg_adjust, &
	510	time_stg_call, &
	511	use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	512
	513
	514	CONTAINS
	515
	516
[4559]	517	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	518	! Description:
	519	! ------------
	520	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
[4559]	521	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	522	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	523
[4559]	524	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
[3182]	525	nesting_offline ) THEN
[4559]	526	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	527	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates in LES mode.'
[3376]	528	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	529	ENDIF
	530
[4559]	531	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	532	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[4559]	533	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required when nesting is applied ' // &
	534	'and parent operates in RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	535	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	536	ENDIF
	537
[2776]	538	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	539
[4559]	540	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. .NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	541	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
[3579]	542	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[4559]	543
[3579]	544	ENDIF
[4559]	545
	546	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	547	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
[3579]	548	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[4559]	549
[3579]	550	ENDIF
[4559]	551
	552	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	553
	554	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	555	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	556	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires ' // &
	557	'%initializing_actions = "set_constant_profiles" or ' // &
	558	' "read_restart_data", if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	559	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	560	ENDIF
	561
	562	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
[4559]	563	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires &bc_lr = ' // &
	564	' "dirichlet/radiation", if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	565	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	566	ENDIF
	567	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
[4559]	568	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires &bc_ns = ' // &
	569	' "cyclic", if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	570	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	571	ENDIF
	572
[2259]	573	ENDIF
	574
	575	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
[4559]	576	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator in combination ' // &
	577	'&with turbulent_inflow = .T. is not allowed'
[2259]	578	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	579	ENDIF
[4309]	580	!
	581	!-- Synthetic turbulence generator requires the parallel random generator
	582	IF ( random_generator /= 'random-parallel' ) THEN
[4559]	583	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires random_generator = ' // &
	584	'random-parallel.'
[4309]	585	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0421', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	586	ENDIF
[2259]	587
	588	ENDIF
	589
	590	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	591
	592
[4559]	593	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	594	! Description:
	595	! ------------
	596	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
[4559]	597	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	598	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	599
[4559]	600	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
[2259]	601
	602	!
	603	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	604	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	605	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	606	WRITE( io, 2 )
	607	ELSE
	608	WRITE( io, 3 )
	609	ENDIF
[4559]	610
[3347]	611	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	612	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	613	ELSE
	614	WRITE( io, 5 )
	615	ENDIF
[2259]	616
[4559]	617	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
[2259]	618	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	619	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	620	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	621	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	622	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	623
	624	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	625
	626
[4559]	627	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	628	! Description:
	629	! ------------
	630	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
[4559]	631	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	632	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	633
[2669]	634	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	635	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	636	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob = 0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	637	#endif
[2259]	638
[4559]	639	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
	640	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	641	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
[4444]	642	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	643	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	644	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
[4444]	645	#endif
[4309]	646
[4022]	647	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz-cross-section on subdomain
	648	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz-cross-section on subdomain
[4559]	649
	650
	651	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
	652
[2259]	653	!
	654	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
[4559]	655	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	656	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	657	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	658	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	659	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	660	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	661	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	662	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	663	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	664	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[4444]	665	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	666	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[4444]	667	#endif
[4559]	668	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
[2259]	669
[2938]	670
[2259]	671	#if defined( __parallel )
	672	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	673	#endif
[4438]	674	!
[4559]	675	!-- Create mpi-datatypes for exchange in case of non-local but distributed computation of the
	676	!-- velocity seeds. This option is useful in case large turbulent length scales are present, where
	677	!-- the computational effort becomes large and needs to be parallelized. For parameterized turbulence
	678	!-- the length scales are small and computing the velocity seeds locally is faster (no overhead by
	679	!-- communication).
[4438]	680	IF ( .NOT. compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
[2669]	681	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	682	!
[4438]	683	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	684	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
	685	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	686	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[4559]	687
	688	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
[4438]	689	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[4559]	690
	691	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[4438]	692	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	693	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
	694	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	695	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[4559]	696
	697	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
[4438]	698	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
	699	ENDIF
[4559]	700
	701	!
	702	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted velocity seeds
[4438]	703	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	704	extent = 1 * realsize
[4559]	705	!
	706	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz layer
[4438]	707	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[4559]	708	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyn-nys+1], &
[4438]	709	[1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	710	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	711	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
[2938]	712	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4559]	713
[4438]	714	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[4559]	715	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyn-nys+1], &
[4438]	716	[1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	717	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	718	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
[2938]	719	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4559]	720
	721	! Receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[4438]	722	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
[4559]	723
[4438]	724	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	725	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
[4559]	726
[4438]	727	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
	728	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2938]	729	ENDDO
[4559]	730	!
	731	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz layer
[4438]	732	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
	733	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	734	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	735	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxr-nxl+1], &
	736	[1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	737	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	738	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	739	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4559]	740
[4438]	741	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
	742	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxr-nxl+1], &
	743	[1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	744	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	745	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	746	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4559]	747
	748	! Receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[4438]	749	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
[4559]	750
[4438]	751	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	752	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
[4559]	753
[4438]	754	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	755	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	756	ENDDO
[4559]	757
[4438]	758	ENDIF
[4440]	759	#endif
[2938]	760	ENDIF
[2259]	761	!
[4071]	762	!-- Allocate required arrays.
[4559]	763	!-- In case no offline nesting or self nesting is used, the arrary mean_inflow profiles is required.
	764	!-- Check if it is already allocated, else allocate and initialize it appropriately. Note, in case
	765	!-- turbulence and inflow information is read from file, mean_inflow_profiles is already allocated
	766	!-- and initialized appropriately.
	767	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[4071]	768	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) THEN
[3347]	769	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
[4071]	770	mean_inflow_profiles = 0.0_wp
	771	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = u_init
	772	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = v_init
	773	!
[4559]	774	!-- Even though potential temperature and humidity are not perturbed, they need to be
	775	!-- initialized appropriately.
	776	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) &
[4071]	777	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = pt_init
[4559]	778	IF ( humidity ) &
	779	mean_inflow_profiles(:,6) = q_init
	780	ENDIF
[3347]	781	ENDIF
[4566]	782	!
	783	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent inflow from the left is
	784	!-- desired, not in case of any of the nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
	785	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	786	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	787	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	788	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	789	ENDIF
[2259]	790
[4559]	791	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	792	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	793	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	794	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	795	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	796	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	797	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	798	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	799
[4566]	800	r11 = 0.0_wp
	801	r21 = 0.0_wp
	802	r22 = 0.0_wp
	803	r31 = 0.0_wp
	804	r32 = 0.0_wp
	805	r33 = 0.0_wp
	806	tu = 0.0_wp
	807	tv = 0.0_wp
	808	tw = 0.0_wp
	809
[4438]	810	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr,3) )
	811	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn,3) )
[3347]	812	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	813	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	814	!
[2259]	815	!-- Read inflow profile
	816	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
[4559]	817	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5 zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
[2259]	818	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[4559]	819	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	820
[2938]	821	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	822
[4559]	823	OPEN( 90, FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS = 'OLD', FORM = 'FORMATTED' )
[2938]	824	!
	825	!-- Skip header
	826	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	827
[4603]	828	DO k = nzb, nzt
[4559]	829	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), r11(k), r21(k), &
	830	r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), d1, d2, d3, d5
[2938]	831
[2259]	832	!
[4559]	833	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[4603]	834	IF ( k /= nzb ) THEN
	835	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
	836	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
	837	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
	838	ELSE
	839	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k+1) )
	840	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k+1) )
	841	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k+1) )
	842	ENDIF
	843
[2938]	844	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
	845	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
	846	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
	847	!
[4603]	848	!-- Set length scales in x-direction. As a workaround assume isotropic turbulence in x- and
	849	!-- y-direction.
[2938]	850	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	851	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	852	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	853	!
	854	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	855	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	856	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	857	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	858	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	859	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	860	ENDIF
	861	ENDDO
[3182]	862	!
[4603]	863	!-- Set length scales at the surface and top boundary. At the surface the lengths scales are
	864	!-- simply overwritten.
	865	nwx(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	866	nvx(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	867	nux(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
[4559]	868	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
[3182]	869	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	870	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	871	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	872	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	873	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
[4559]	874
[4603]	875	nwx(nzt+1) = nwy(nzt)
	876	nvx(nzt+1) = nvy(nzt)
	877	nux(nzt+1) = nuy(nzt)
	878	nuy(nzt+1) = nuy(nzt)
	879	nuz(nzt+1) = nuz(nzt)
	880	nvy(nzt+1) = nvy(nzt)
	881	nvz(nzt+1) = nvz(nzt)
	882	nwy(nzt+1) = nwy(nzt)
	883	nwz(nzt+1) = nwz(nzt)
	884
[2938]	885	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	886	!
[4559]	887	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor (Lund rotation)
[3347]	888	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	889	!
[4559]	890	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available. Instead, parametrize
	891	!-- turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries. Set flag which indicates that turbulence is
	892	!-- parametrized, which is done later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	893	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as roughness to build
	894	!-- 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	895	ELSE
[2259]	896	!
[4566]	897	!-- Precalulate the inversion number of xy-grid points - later used for mass conservation
	898	d_nxy = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[4022]	899	!
[3347]	900	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	901	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	902	!
[4559]	903	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral boundary, i.e. in the
	904	!-- case no offline or self nesting is applied but synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized
	905	!-- nevertheless, the boundary-layer depth needs to be determined first.
	906	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
[4022]	907	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
	908	!
[4559]	909	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght scales
[3347]	910	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	911	!
[4559]	912	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'),
	913	!-- r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	914	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
[4566]	915	CALL parametrize_turbulence
[4559]	916	!
	917	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor (Lund rotation)
[3891]	918	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
[4559]	919
[2938]	920	ENDIF
[2259]	921	!
[4566]	922	!-- Initial filter functions
	923	CALL stg_setup_filter_function
[2938]	924	!
	925	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
[4559]	926	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), &
	927	fv_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), &
	928	fw_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) )
[2259]	929
[2938]	930	!
	931	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
[4559]	932	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), &
	933	fv_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), &
	934	fw_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) )
[2259]	935
[2938]	936	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	937	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	938	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	939	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	940	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	941	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	942
	943	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	944	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	945	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	946	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	947	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	948	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	949
[2259]	950	#if defined( __parallel )
	951	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	952	#endif
	953
	954	!
[4559]	955	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former time step.
	956	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33 are 0 compared to the prerun.
	957	!-- This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	958	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	959	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	960
	961	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	962	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	963
[4438]	964	DO j = nys, nyn
[2259]	965	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4332]	966	IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	967	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	968	ELSE
[4332]	969	fu_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	970	ENDIF
	971
[4332]	972	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4559]	973	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	974	ELSE
[4332]	975	fv_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	976	ENDIF
	977
[4332]	978	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4559]	979	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	980	ELSE
[4332]	981	fw_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	982	ENDIF
	983	ENDDO
	984	ENDDO
	985	ENDIF
[4559]	986
[3900]	987	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	988
	989	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
	990	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	991
[4438]	992	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3900]	993	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4335]	994	!
[4559]	995	!-- In case the correlation coefficients are very small, the velocity seeds may become
	996	!-- very large finally creating numerical instabilities in the synthetic turbulence
	997	!-- generator. Empirically, a value of 10E-8 seems to be sufficient.
[4332]	998	IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	999	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[3900]	1000	ELSE
[4332]	1001	fu_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1002	ENDIF
	1003
[4332]	1004	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4559]	1005	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[3900]	1006	ELSE
[4332]	1007	fv_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1008	ENDIF
	1009
[4332]	1010	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4559]	1011	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
[3900]	1012	ELSE
[4332]	1013	fw_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1014	ENDIF
	1015
	1016	ENDDO
	1017	ENDDO
	1018	ENDIF
[2259]	1019	ENDIF
[4022]	1020	!
[4559]	1021	!-- Count the number of non-topography grid points at the boundaries where perturbations are imposed.
	1022	!-- This number is later used for bias corrections of the perturbations, i.e. to force their mean to
	1023	!-- be zero. Please note, due to the asymetry of u and v along x and y direction, respectively,
	1024	!-- different cases must be distinguished.
[4022]	1025	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	1026	!
	1027	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u
	1028	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1029	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4559]	1030
	1031	nr_non_topo_yz_l(1) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1032	!
[4559]	1033	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v and w
[4022]	1034	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1035	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4559]	1036
	1037	nr_non_topo_yz_l(2) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
	1038	nr_non_topo_yz_l(3) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
	1039
[4022]	1040	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	1041	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_yz_l, nr_non_topo_yz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4022]	1042	#else
	1043	nr_non_topo_yz = nr_non_topo_yz_l
[4559]	1044	#endif
[4022]	1045	ENDIF
[4559]	1046
[4022]	1047	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1048	!
	1049	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v
	1050	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1051	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4559]	1052
	1053	nr_non_topo_xz_l(2) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1054	!
[4559]	1055	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u and w
[4022]	1056	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1057	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4559]	1058
	1059	nr_non_topo_xz_l(1) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
	1060	nr_non_topo_xz_l(3) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
	1061
[4022]	1062	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	1063	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_xz_l, nr_non_topo_xz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4022]	1064	#else
	1065	nr_non_topo_xz = nr_non_topo_xz_l
[4559]	1066	#endif
[4022]	1067	ENDIF
[4438]	1068	!
[4559]	1069	!-- Initialize random number generator at xz- and yz-layers. Random numbers are initialized at each
	1070	!-- core. In case there is only inflow from the left, it is sufficient to generate only random
	1071	!-- numbers for the yz-layer, else random numbers for the xz-layer are also required.
[4566]	1072	ALLOCATE ( id_rand_yz(-mergp_limit+nys:nyn+mergp_limit) )
	1073	ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_yz(5,-mergp_limit+nys:nyn+mergp_limit) )
[4438]	1074	id_rand_yz = 0
	1075	seq_rand_yz = 0
[2259]	1076
[4566]	1077	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( ny, -mergp_limit+nys, nyn+mergp_limit, id_rand_yz, seq_rand_yz )
[4022]	1078
[4559]	1079	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1080	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[4566]	1081	ALLOCATE ( id_rand_xz(-mergp_limit+nxl:nxr+mergp_limit) )
	1082	ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_xz(5,-mergp_limit+nxl:nxr+mergp_limit) )
[4438]	1083	id_rand_xz = 0
	1084	seq_rand_xz = 0
	1085
[4566]	1086	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( nx, -mergp_limit+nxl, nxr+mergp_limit, id_rand_xz, seq_rand_xz )
[4438]	1087	ENDIF
	1088
[2259]	1089	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	1090
	1091
[4559]	1092	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1093	! Description:
	1094	! ------------
[4559]	1095	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10 (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	1096	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4566]	1097	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx, mergp )
[2259]	1098
[4566]	1099	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	1100	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< passed length scale in grid points
	1101	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	1102	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
[2259]	1103
[4559]	1104	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nxx !< length scale (in gp)
	1105
[2259]	1106	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	1107	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	1108
[4438]	1109	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: bxx !< filter function
[2259]	1110
	1111
	1112	bxx = 0.0_wp
	1113
	1114	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1115	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	1116	n_k = nxx(k)
	1117	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	1118
	1119	!
	1120	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
[4438]	1121	DO nf = -n_k, n_k
[4559]	1122	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS( nf ) / n_k )**2
[2259]	1123	ENDDO
	1124
	1125	!
	1126	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	1127	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
[4438]	1128	DO nf = -n_k, n_k
[4559]	1129	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS( nf ) / n_k ) / bdenom
[2259]	1130	ENDDO
	1131	ENDIF
	1132	ENDDO
	1133
[3347]	1134	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	1135
	1136
[4566]	1137	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1138	! Description:
	1139	! ------------
	1140	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	1141	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	1142	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1143	SUBROUTINE stg_setup_filter_function
	1144
	1145	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< dummy value to calculate maximum length scale index
	1146	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index along vertical direction
	1147	!
	1148	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
	1149	mergp_x = 0
	1150	mergp_y = 0
	1151	mergp_z = 0
	1152
	1153	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1154	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nwx(k)) )
	1155	IF ( j > mergp_x ) mergp_x = j
	1156	ENDDO
	1157	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1158	j = MAX( ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nwy(k)) )
	1159	IF ( j > mergp_y ) mergp_y = j
	1160	ENDDO
	1161	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1162	j = MAX( ABS(nuz(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
	1163	IF ( j > mergp_z ) mergp_z = j
	1164	ENDDO
	1165
	1166	mergp_xy = MAX( mergp_x, mergp_y )
	1167
	1168	IF ( ALLOCATED( bux ) ) DEALLOCATE( bux )
	1169	IF ( ALLOCATED( bvx ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvx )
	1170	IF ( ALLOCATED( bwx ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwx )
	1171	IF ( ALLOCATED( buy ) ) DEALLOCATE( buy )
	1172	IF ( ALLOCATED( bvy ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvy )
	1173	IF ( ALLOCATED( bwy ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwy )
	1174	IF ( ALLOCATED( buz ) ) DEALLOCATE( buz )
	1175	IF ( ALLOCATED( bvz ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvz )
	1176	IF ( ALLOCATED( bwz ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwz )
	1177
	1178	ALLOCATE ( bux(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1179	buy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1180	buz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1181	bvx(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1182	bvy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1183	bvz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1184	bwx(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1185	bwy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), &
	1186	bwz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) )
	1187	!
	1188	!-- Create filter functions
	1189	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux, mergp_x ) !filter ux
	1190	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy, mergp_y ) !filter uy
	1191	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz, mergp_z ) !filter uz
	1192	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx, mergp_x ) !filter vx
	1193	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy, mergp_y ) !filter vy
	1194	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz, mergp_z ) !filter vz
	1195	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx, mergp_x ) !filter wx
	1196	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy, mergp_y ) !filter wy
	1197	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz, mergp_z ) !filter wz
	1198
	1199	END SUBROUTINE stg_setup_filter_function
	1200
[4559]	1201	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1202	! Description:
	1203	! ------------
	1204	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
[4559]	1205	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1206	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1207
[4559]	1208	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
[2259]	1209
	1210
[4559]	1211	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, &
	1212	dt_stg_call, &
	1213	use_syn_turb_gen, &
[4438]	1214	compute_velocity_seeds_local
[2259]	1215
	1216	line = ' '
	1217	!
	1218	!-- Try to find stg package
	1219	REWIND ( 11 )
	1220	line = ' '
	1221	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[4559]	1222	READ ( 11, '(A)', END = 20 ) line
[2259]	1223	ENDDO
	1224	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1225
	1226	!
	1227	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	1228	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	1229
	1230	!
[4559]	1231	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched on
[2776]	1232	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	1233	GOTO 20
[2259]	1234
[3246]	1235	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1236	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1237	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	1238
[3246]	1239	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	1240
	1241	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1242
	1243
[4559]	1244	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1245	! Description:
	1246	! ------------
[4495]	1247	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
[4559]	1248	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4495]	1249	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_ftn( found )
[2576]	1250
[4559]	1251	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	1252
[2894]	1253	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1254
[3038]	1255
[2894]	1256	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[4559]	1257
[4022]	1258	CASE ( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1259	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_adjust
[4559]	1260
[4022]	1261	CASE ( 'time_stg_call' )
	1262	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_call
[4559]	1263
[2894]	1264	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1265	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1266
[2894]	1267	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1268
[3038]	1269	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1270
[2894]	1271	END SELECT
[2259]	1272
	1273
[4495]	1274	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_ftn
[2259]	1275
	1276
[4559]	1277	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1278	! Description:
	1279	! ------------
[4495]	1280	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
[4559]	1281	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4495]	1282	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_mpi
	1283
	1284	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_adjust', time_stg_adjust )
	1285	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_call', time_stg_call )
	1286	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'use_syn_turb_gen', use_syn_turb_gen )
	1287
	1288	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_mpi
	1289
	1290
[4559]	1291	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4495]	1292	! Description:
	1293	! ------------
[2259]	1294	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
[4559]	1295	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1296	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1297
[4495]	1298	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
	1299
	1300	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1301	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_adjust
[4559]	1302
[4495]	1303	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_call' )
	1304	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_call
[2259]	1305
[4495]	1306	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1307	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1308
[4535]	1309	ELSEIF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN
[2259]	1310
[4495]	1311	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_adjust', time_stg_adjust )
	1312	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_call', time_stg_call )
	1313	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'use_syn_turb_gen', use_syn_turb_gen )
	1314
	1315	ENDIF
	1316
[2894]	1317	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1318
[2894]	1319
[4559]	1320	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1321	! Description:
	1322	! ------------
[4559]	1323	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and Reynolds stress
	1324	!> tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified following suggestions of Kim et al.
	1325	!> (2013), and using a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998).
	1326	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1327	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1328
[4559]	1329	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
[4457]	1330	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	1331
[4559]	1332	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
	1333	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1334	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[2259]	1335
[4559]	1336	LOGICAL :: stg_call = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating whether turbulence was updated or only restored from last call
[2259]	1337
[4566]	1338	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< time interval the STG is called
[4559]	1339
	1340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
	1341
[3987]	1342	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'start' )
[2259]	1343	!
	1344	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3775]	1345	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
[2259]	1346	!
[4559]	1347	!-- Check if synthetic turbulence generator needs to be called and new perturbations need to be
	1348	!-- created or if old disturbances can be imposed again.
	1349	IF ( time_stg_call >= dt_stg_call .AND. &
[4022]	1350	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1351	stg_call = .TRUE.
	1352	ELSE
	1353	stg_call = .FALSE.
	1354	ENDIF
	1355	!
[2259]	1356	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
[3646]	1357	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[4309]	1358	!
[4559]	1359	!-- Generate turbulence at the left and right boundary. Random numbers for the yz-planes at the
	1360	!-- left/right boundary are generated by the left-sided mpi ranks only. After random numbers are
	1361	!-- calculated, they are distributed to all other mpi ranks in the model, so that the velocity
	1362	!-- seed matrices are available on all mpi ranks (i.e. also on the right-sided boundary mpi ranks).
	1363	!-- In case of offline nesting, this implies, that the left- and the right-sided lateral boundary
	1364	!-- have the same initial seeds.
	1365	!-- Note, in case of inflow from the right only, only turbulence at the left boundary is required.
	1366	IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1367	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN
[4309]	1368	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1369	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1370	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1371	ELSE
[4559]	1372	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1373	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1374	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1375	!
[4559]	1376	!-- Generate turbulence at the south and north boundary. Random numbers for the xz-planes at
	1377	!-- the south/north boundary are generated by the south-sided mpi ranks only. Please see also
	1378	!-- comment above.
	1379	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1380	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1381	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1382	ENDIF
[2259]	1383	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1384	ENDIF
	1385	!
[4559]	1386	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw. Note, for inflow from the left side only, velocity seeds are only
	1387	!-- required at the left boundary, while in case of offline nesting or RANS-LES nesting velocity
	1388	!-- seeds are required also at the right, south and north boundaries.
[4022]	1389	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4559]	1390	IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. &
	1391	( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[4309]	1392	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN
	1393	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1394	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1395	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1396
	1397	ELSE
[4559]	1398	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1399	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1400	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
[4309]	1401
[4559]	1402	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1403	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1404	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
[4022]	1405	ENDIF
[2938]	1406	ENDIF
[4559]	1407
[2938]	1408	!
[4309]	1409	!-- Turbulence generation at left and/or right boundary
[2938]	1410	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[2259]	1411	!
[4559]	1412	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and when dt_stg_call is
	1413	!-- exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is imposed
[4022]	1414	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4559]	1415
[4438]	1416	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1417	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
[4559]	1418	!
[4022]	1419	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
[4566]	1420	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1421	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
	1422	ELSE
[4559]	1423	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1424	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[4022]	1425	ENDIF
[4559]	1426
[4566]	1427	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1428	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
	1429	ELSE
[4559]	1430	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1431	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[4022]	1432	ENDIF
[4559]	1433
[4566]	1434	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1435	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
	1436	ELSE
[4559]	1437	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1438	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[4022]	1439	ENDIF
	1440	ENDDO
	1441	ENDDO
[4559]	1442
[4022]	1443	dist_yz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1444	dist_yz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1445	dist_yz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
[4559]	1446
[4022]	1447	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
[4559]	1448	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4438]	1449	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1450	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
[4559]	1451	!
[4022]	1452	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
[4566]	1453	dist_yz(k,j,1) = a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j) * &
[4562]	1454	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[4566]	1455
[4022]	1456	ENDDO
	1457	ENDDO
[4309]	1458
[4022]	1459	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1460	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4438]	1461	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1462	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
[4559]	1463	!
[4022]	1464	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
[4559]	1465	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w experimental test
	1466	!-- of 1.2
[4566]	1467	dist_yz(k,j,2) = ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) + a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) * &
[4559]	1468	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[4566]	1469	dist_yz(k,j,3) = ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) + a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) + &
	1470	a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ) * &
	1471	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
	1472
[4022]	1473	ENDDO
[2259]	1474	ENDDO
[4022]	1475	ENDIF
[2259]	1476	!
	1477	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
[4559]	1478	!-- This correction factor ensures that the mass flux is preserved at the inflow boundary. First,
	1479	!-- calculate mean value of the imposed perturbations at yz boundary. Note, this needs to be done
	1480	!-- only after the last RK3-substep, else the boundary values won't be accessed.
[4022]	1481	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[4559]	1482	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1483	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1484	!
	1485	!-- Sum up the original volume flows (with and without perturbations).
	1486	!-- Note, for non-normal components (here v and w) it is actually no volume flow.
[2938]	1487	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1488	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4559]	1489
[4562]	1490	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,1) * &
	1491	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
[4559]	1492
[4022]	1493	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1494	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4559]	1495
[4562]	1496	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,2) * &
	1497	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
	1498	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,3) * &
	1499	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
[4559]	1500
[2938]	1501	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	1502	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1503	#else
	1504	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1505	#endif
[4559]	1506	!
	1507	!-- Calculate correction factor and force zero mean perturbations.
	1508	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_yz, KIND = wp )
	1509
	1510	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1511	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1512
[4562]	1513	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) - mc_factor(1) ) * &
	1514	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) )
[4559]	1515
	1516
	1517	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1518	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1519
[4562]	1520	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) - mc_factor(2) ) * &
	1521	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 2 ) )
[4559]	1522
[4562]	1523	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) - mc_factor(3) ) * &
	1524	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) )
[4559]	1525	!
[2938]	1526	!-- Add disturbances
	1527	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[4559]	1528	!
	1529	!-- For the left boundary distinguish between mesoscale offline / self nesting and
	1530	!-- turbulent inflow at the left boundary only. In the latter case turbulence is imposed on
	1531	!-- the mean inflow profiles.
	1532	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	1533	!
[4022]	1534	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
[4438]	1535	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1536	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4562]	1537	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * &
	1538	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
	1539	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * &
	1540	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1541	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * &
	1542	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1543	ENDDO
[2938]	1544	ENDDO
[4022]	1545	ELSE
[4559]	1546
[4022]	1547	DO j = nys, nyn
	1548	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[4562]	1549	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * &
	1550	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[4022]	1551	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
[4562]	1552	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * &
	1553	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1554	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) * &
	1555	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1556	ENDDO
	1557	ENDDO
	1558	ENDIF
[2938]	1559	ENDIF
	1560	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1561	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1562	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[4562]	1563	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * &
	1564	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
	1565	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * &
	1566	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
	1567	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) * &
	1568	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1569	ENDDO
	1570	ENDDO
	1571	ENDIF
	1572	ENDIF
	1573	ENDIF
	1574	!
	1575	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1576	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1577	!
[4559]	1578	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and when dt_stg_call is
	1579	!-- exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is imposed
[4022]	1580	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4438]	1581	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1582	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
[4559]	1583	!
[4022]	1584	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
[4566]	1585	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1586	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1587	ELSE
[4559]	1588	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1589	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[4022]	1590	ENDIF
[4559]	1591
[4566]	1592	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1593	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1594	ELSE
[4559]	1595	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1596	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[4022]	1597	ENDIF
[4559]	1598
[4566]	1599	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN
[4022]	1600	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1601	ELSE
[4559]	1602	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1603	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[4022]	1604	ENDIF
	1605	ENDDO
	1606	ENDDO
[4559]	1607
	1608
[4022]	1609	dist_xz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1610	dist_xz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1611	dist_xz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
[4559]	1612
[4022]	1613	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1614	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4438]	1615	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1616	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
[4559]	1617	!
[4022]	1618	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
[4559]	1619	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1620	!experimental test of 1.2
[4566]	1621	dist_xz(k,i,2) = ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) + a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) * &
[4559]	1622	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1623	ENDDO
	1624	ENDDO
[4559]	1625
[4022]	1626	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1627	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4438]	1628	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1629	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
[4559]	1630	!
[4022]	1631	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1632	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
[4566]	1633	dist_xz(k,i,1) = a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i) * &
[4562]	1634	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[4559]	1635
[4566]	1636	dist_xz(k,i,3) = ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) + a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) + &
	1637	a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ) * &
[4562]	1638	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1639	ENDDO
[2938]	1640	ENDDO
[4022]	1641	ENDIF
[3347]	1642
[2938]	1643	!
[4559]	1644	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013). This correction factor ensures that the
	1645	!-- mass flux is preserved at the inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed
	1646	!-- perturbations at yz boundary. Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep,
	1647	!-- else the boundary values won't be accessed.
[4022]	1648	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[4559]	1649	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1650	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1651
[4022]	1652	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1653	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4559]	1654
[4562]	1655	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,2) * &
	1656	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
[4559]	1657
	1658	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1659	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1660
[4562]	1661	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxlu:nxr,1) * &
	1662	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
	1663	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,3) * &
	1664	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
[4559]	1665
[2938]	1666	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	1667	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1668	#else
[4022]	1669	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1670	#endif
[4559]	1671
[4022]	1672	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_xz, KIND = wp )
[4559]	1673
	1674	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1675	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1676
[4562]	1677	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) - mc_factor(2) ) * &
	1678	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) )
[4559]	1679
	1680
	1681	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1682	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1683
[4562]	1684	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) - mc_factor(1) ) * &
	1685	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 1 ) )
[4559]	1686
[4562]	1687	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) - mc_factor(3) ) * &
	1688	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) )
[4559]	1689	!
[4022]	1690	!-- Add disturbances
[4559]	1691	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
[4022]	1692	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1693	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[4559]	1694	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1695	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
	1696	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1697	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1698	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
[4559]	1699	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1700	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1701	ENDDO
[2938]	1702	ENDDO
[4022]	1703	ENDIF
	1704	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
[4559]	1705
[4022]	1706	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1707	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[4562]	1708	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) * &
	1709	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
	1710	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) * &
	1711	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
	1712	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) * &
	1713	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1714	ENDDO
[2938]	1715	ENDDO
[4022]	1716	ENDIF
[2938]	1717	ENDIF
[2259]	1718	ENDIF
[3347]	1719	!
[4438]	1720	!-- Exchange ghost points.
	1721	CALL exchange_horiz( u, nbgp )
	1722	CALL exchange_horiz( v, nbgp )
	1723	CALL exchange_horiz( w, nbgp )
	1724	!
[3347]	1725	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
[4022]	1726	IF ( stg_call ) time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[4566]	1727	!
	1728	!-- Set adjustment step to False to indicate that time correlation can be
	1729	!-- switched-on again.
	1730	adjustment_step = .FALSE.
[2259]	1731
[3987]	1732	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'end' )
	1733
[2259]	1734	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1735
[4559]	1736	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2259]	1737	! Description:
	1738	! ------------
[4559]	1739	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE and calculate the velocity seed
	1740	!> f_n. f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and each PE
	1741	!> calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all parts are collected to form the full
	1742	!> array.
	1743	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4309]	1744	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id_left, id_right )
[2259]	1745
[4559]	1746	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_left !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1747	INTEGER(iwp), OPTIONAL :: id_right !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1748	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1749	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1750	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1751	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1752	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
[2259]	1753
[4559]	1754	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1755	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[2259]	1756
[4559]	1757	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1758	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1759	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
[2259]	1760
[4566]	1761	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1762	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[4559]	1763
	1764	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1765	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1766
	1767	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers
[2259]	1768	!
[4559]	1769	!-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator. The set of random numbers are
	1770	!-- modified to have an average of 0 and unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array
	1771	!-- must be defined globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However, the calculation
	1772	!-- and normalization of random numbers is done locally, while the result is later distributed to
[4566]	1773	!-- all processes. Further, please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the west
	1774	!-- boundary, while the east boundary uses the same random numbers and thus also computes the same
[4559]	1775	!-- correlation matrix.
[4566]	1776	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp_z:nzt+1+mergp_z,-mergp_y+nys:nyn+mergp_y) )
[4438]	1777	rand_it = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1778
	1779	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1780	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
[4566]	1781	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp_z - ( nzb - mergp_z ) + 1 ) &
	1782	* ( ny + mergp_y - ( 0 - mergp_y ) + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[4309]	1783	!
[4438]	1784	!-- Compute and normalize random numbers.
[4566]	1785	DO j = nys - mergp_y, nyn + mergp_y
[4309]	1786	!
[4438]	1787	!-- Put the random seeds at grid point j
	1788	CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_yz(:,j) )
[4566]	1789	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1790	CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy )
	1791	rand_it(k,j) = random_dummy
	1792	ENDDO
[4309]	1793	!
[4438]	1794	!-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point j
	1795	CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_yz(:,j) )
	1796	ENDDO
[4309]	1797	!
[4559]	1798	!-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers. To normalize the global set of
	1799	!-- random numbers, the inner ghost layers mergp must not be summed-up, else the random numbers on
	1800	!-- the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they also occur on the inner subdomains.
[4566]	1801	DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp_y, nys /= 0 ), MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp_y, nyn /= ny )
	1802	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1803	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
[2259]	1804	ENDDO
[4438]	1805	ENDDO
[4566]	1806
[4309]	1807	#if defined( __parallel )
	1808	!
[4438]	1809	!-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers
[4559]	1810	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	1811	#endif
[4438]	1812	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
[4309]	1813	!
[4438]	1814	!-- Obtain zero mean
	1815	rand_it= rand_it - rand_av
[4309]	1816	!
[4438]	1817	!-- Now, compute the variance
[4566]	1818	DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp_y, nys /= 0 ), MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp_y, nyn /= ny )
	1819	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1820	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j)**2
[2259]	1821	ENDDO
[4438]	1822	ENDDO
[2259]	1823
[4309]	1824	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	1825	!
[4438]	1826	!-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers
[4559]	1827	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	1828	#endif
	1829	!
[4438]	1830	!-- Compute standard deviation
	1831	IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1832	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv )
	1833	ELSE
	1834	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp
[4309]	1835	ENDIF
	1836	!
[4438]	1837	!-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance
	1838	rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv
	1839
	1840	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' )
[4309]	1841	!
[4559]	1842	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There are two options. In the
	1843	!-- first one, the computation of the seeds is distributed to all processes along the communicator
	1844	!-- comm1dy and gathered on the leftmost and, if necessary, on the rightmost process. For huge
	1845	!-- length scales the computational effort can become quite huge (it scales with the turbulent
	1846	!-- length scales), so that gain by parallelization exceeds the costs by the subsequent
	1847	!-- communication. In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales
	1848	!-- are parametrized and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed locally and no
	1849	!-- communication is necessary.
[4438]	1850	IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
	1851
	1852	f_n = 0.0_wp
	1853	DO j = nys, nyn
	1854	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1855	DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k)
	1856	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	1857	f_n(k,j) = f_n(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1858	ENDDO
	1859	ENDDO
	1860	ENDDO
[2259]	1861	ENDDO
	1862
[4438]	1863	ELSE
[2259]	1864
[4438]	1865	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1866	DO j = nys, nyn
	1867	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
	1868	DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k)
	1869	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	1870	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1871	ENDDO
[2259]	1872	ENDDO
	1873	ENDDO
	1874	ENDDO
	1875	!
[4438]	1876	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1877	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1878	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1879
	1880	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	1881	!
[4438]	1882	!-- Gather the velocity seed matrix on left boundary mpi ranks.
[4559]	1883	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nys), &
	1884	recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, id_left, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	1885	!
[4559]	1886	!-- If required, gather the same velocity seed matrix on right boundary mpi ranks (in offline
	1887	!-- nesting for example).
[4438]	1888	IF ( PRESENT( id_right ) ) THEN
[4559]	1889	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nys), &
	1890	recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, id_right, comm1dx, ierr )
[4438]	1891	ENDIF
[2259]	1892	#else
[4438]	1893	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nys:nyn) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn)
[4444]	1894	!
	1895	!-- Next line required to avoid compile errors because of unused dummy arguments
	1896	IF ( id_left == 0 ) id_right = 0
[2259]	1897	#endif
	1898
[4438]	1899	ENDIF
[2259]	1900
[4438]	1901	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1902
	1903	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' )
	1904
[2259]	1905	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1906
[2938]	1907
[4559]	1908	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2938]	1909	! Description:
	1910	! ------------
[4559]	1911	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE and calculate the velocity seed
	1912	!> f_n.
	1913	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and and each PE
	1914	!> calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all parts are collected to form the
	1915	!> full array.
	1916	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4309]	1917	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id_south, id_north )
[2938]	1918
[4566]	1919	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1920	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_north !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1921	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_south !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1922	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1923	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1924	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1925	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
[2938]	1926
[4566]	1927	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1928	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[2938]	1929
[4566]	1930	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1931	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1932	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
[2938]	1933
[4566]	1934	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1935	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
	1936
	1937	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1938	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n !< velocity seed
[2938]	1939
[4566]	1940	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers
[2938]	1941
	1942	!
[4559]	1943	!-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator. The set of random numbers are
	1944	!-- modified to have an average of 0 and unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array
	1945	!-- must be defined globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However, the calculation
	1946	!-- and normalization of random numbers is done locally, while the result is later distributed to
[4566]	1947	!-- all processes. Further, please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the south
	1948	!-- boundary, while the north boundary uses the same random numbers and thus also computes the same
[4559]	1949	!-- correlation matrix.
[4566]	1950	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp_z:nzt+1+mergp_z,-mergp_x+nxl:nxr+mergp_x) )
[4438]	1951	rand_it = 0.0_wp
[2938]	1952
	1953	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1954	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
[4566]	1955	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp_z - ( nzb - mergp_z ) + 1 ) &
	1956	* ( nx + mergp_x - ( 0 - mergp_x ) +1 ), KIND = wp )
[4309]	1957	!
[4438]	1958	!-- Compute and normalize random numbers.
[4566]	1959	DO i = nxl - mergp_x, nxr + mergp_x
[4309]	1960	!
[4438]	1961	!-- Put the random seeds at grid point ii
	1962	CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_xz(:,i) )
[4566]	1963	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1964	CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy )
	1965	rand_it(k,i) = random_dummy
	1966	ENDDO
[4309]	1967	!
[4438]	1968	!-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point ii
	1969	CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_xz(:,i) )
	1970	ENDDO
[4309]	1971	!
[4438]	1972	!-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers.
[4559]	1973	!-- To normalize the global set of random numbers, the inner ghost layers mergp must not be
	1974	!-- summed-up, else the random numbers on the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they
[4438]	1975	!-- also occur on the inner subdomains.
[4566]	1976	DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp_x, nxl /= 0 ), MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp_x, nxr /= nx )
	1977	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1978	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
[2938]	1979	ENDDO
[4438]	1980	ENDDO
[4566]	1981
[4309]	1982	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	1983	!
	1984	!-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers
[4559]	1985	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	1986	#endif
[4438]	1987	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
[4309]	1988	!
[4438]	1989	!-- Obtain zero mean
	1990	rand_it= rand_it - rand_av
[4309]	1991	!
[4438]	1992	!-- Now, compute the variance
[4566]	1993	DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp_x, nxl /= 0 ), MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp_x, nxr /= nx )
	1994	DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z
[4438]	1995	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i)**2
[2938]	1996	ENDDO
[4438]	1997	ENDDO
[2938]	1998
[4309]	1999	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	2000	!
	2001	!-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers
[4559]	2002	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	2003	#endif
[2938]	2004	!
[4438]	2005	!-- Compute standard deviation
	2006	IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2007	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv )
	2008	ELSE
	2009	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp
[4309]	2010	ENDIF
	2011	!
[4438]	2012	!-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance
	2013	rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv
	2014
	2015	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' )
[4309]	2016	!
[4559]	2017	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There are two options. In the
	2018	!-- first one, the computation of the seeds is distributed to all processes along the communicator
	2019	!-- comm1dx and gathered on the southmost and, if necessary, on the northmost process. For huge
	2020	!-- length scales the computational effort can become quite huge (it scales with the turbulent
	2021	!-- length scales), so that gain by parallelization exceeds the costs by the subsequent communication.
	2022	!-- In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales are parametrized
	2023	!-- and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed locally and no communication is necessary.
[4438]	2024	IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
[2938]	2025
[4438]	2026	f_n = 0.0_wp
	2027	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2028	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	2029	DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k)
	2030	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	2031	f_n(k,i) = f_n(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	2032	ENDDO
[2938]	2033	ENDDO
	2034	ENDDO
	2035	ENDDO
	2036
[4438]	2037	ELSE
[2938]	2038
[4438]	2039	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	2040	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2041	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	2042	DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k)
	2043	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	2044	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	2045	ENDDO
	2046	ENDDO
	2047	ENDDO
	2048	ENDDO
[2938]	2049	!
[4438]	2050	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	2051	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	2052	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2938]	2053
	2054	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	2055	!
[4438]	2056	!-- Gather the processed velocity seed on south boundary mpi ranks.
[4559]	2057	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nxl), &
	2058	recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, id_south, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	2059	!
[4438]	2060	!-- Gather the processed velocity seed on north boundary mpi ranks.
[4559]	2061	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nxl), &
	2062	recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, id_north, comm1dy, ierr )
[2938]	2063	#else
[4438]	2064	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr)
[4444]	2065	!
	2066	!-- Next line required to avoid compile errors because of unused dummy arguments
	2067	IF ( id_north == 0 ) id_south = 0
[2938]	2068	#endif
	2069
[4438]	2070	ENDIF
	2071
	2072	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	2073
	2074	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' )
	2075
[2938]	2076	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	2077
[4559]	2078	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2079	! Description:
	2080	! ------------
[4566]	2081	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds-stress componentes, turbulent length- and time scales. The
	2082	!> parametrization follows Brost et al. (1982) with modifications described in Rotach et al. (1996),
	2083	!> which is applied in state-of-the-art dispserion modelling.
[4559]	2084	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4566]	2085	SUBROUTINE parametrize_turbulence
[3347]	2086
[4566]	2087	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[4559]	2088
[4566]	2089	REAL(wp) :: corr_term_uh !< correction term in parametrization of horizontal variances for unstable stratification
	2090	REAL(wp) :: d_zi !< inverse boundary-layer depth
	2091	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lon !< length scale in flow direction
	2092	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lon_zi !< length scale in flow direction at boundary-layer top
	2093	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lat !< length scale in crosswind direction
	2094	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lat_zi !< length scale in crosswind direction at boundary-layer top
	2095	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_vert !< length scale in vertical direction
	2096	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_vert_zi !< length scale in vertical direction at boundary-layer top
	2097	REAL(wp) :: time_scale_zi !< time scale at boundary-layer top
	2098	REAL(wp) :: r11_zi !< longitudinal variance at boundary-layer top
	2099	REAL(wp) :: r22_zi !< crosswind variance at boundary-layer top
	2100	REAL(wp) :: r33_zi !< vertical variance at boundary-layer top
	2101	REAL(wp) :: r31_zi !< r31 at boundary-layer top
	2102	REAL(wp) :: r32_zi !< r32 at boundary-layer top
	2103	REAL(wp) :: rlat1 !< first dummy argument for crosswind compoment of reynolds stress
	2104	REAL(wp) :: rlat2 !< second dummy argument for crosswind compoment of reynolds stress
	2105	REAL(wp) :: rlon1 !< first dummy argument for longitudinal compoment of reynolds stress
	2106	REAL(wp) :: rlon2 !< second dummy argument for longitudinal compoment of reynolds stress
	2107	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
[4559]	2108
[4566]	2109	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: cos_phi !< cosine of angle between mean flow direction and x-axis
	2110	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: phi !< angle between mean flow direction and x-axis
	2111	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: sin_phi !< sine of angle between mean flow direction and x-axis
	2112
[3347]	2113	!
[4566]	2114	!-- Calculate the boundary-layer top index. Boundary-layer top is calculated by Richardson-bulk
	2115	!-- criterion according to Heinze et al. (2017).
	2116	k_zi = MAX( 1, MINLOC( ABS( zu - zi_ribulk ), DIM = 1 ) )
	2117	IF ( zu(k_zi) > zi_ribulk ) k_zi = k_zi - 1
	2118	k_zi = MIN( k_zi, nzt )
[3347]	2119	!
[4566]	2120	!-- Calculate angle between flow direction and x-axis.
	2121	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	2122	IF ( u_init(k) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2123	phi(k) = ATAN( v_init(k) / u_init(k) )
	2124	ELSE
	2125	phi(k) = 0.5 * pi
	2126	ENDIF
	2127	!
	2128	!-- Pre-calculate sine and cosine.
	2129	cos_phi(k) = COS( phi(k) )
	2130	sin_phi(k) = SIN( phi(k) )
	2131	ENDDO
	2132	!
	2133	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress components. Please note, parametrization is formulated for the
	2134	!-- stream- and spanwise components, while stream- and spanwise direction do not necessarily
	2135	!-- coincide with the grid axis. Hence, components are rotated after computation.
	2136	d_zi = 1.0_wp / zi_ribulk
	2137	DO k = nzb+1, k_zi
	2138
	2139	corr_term_uh = MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
	2140	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
	2141	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
	2142	0.0_wp, &
[4640]	2143	scale_l < -5.0_wp )
[4566]	2144	!
[4022]	2145	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
[4566]	2146	zzi = zu(k) * d_zi
[3347]	2147	!
[4566]	2148	!-- Compute longitudinal and crosswind component of reynolds stress. Rotate these components by
	2149	!-- the wind direction to map onto the u- and v-component. Note, since reynolds stress for
	2150	!-- variances cannot become negative, take the absolute values.
	2151	rlon1 = scale_us*2 ( corr_term_uh + 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi )
	2152	rlat1 = scale_us*2 ( corr_term_uh + 2.0_wp - zzi )
[4559]	2153
[4566]	2154	r11(k) = ABS( cos_phi(k) * rlon1 + sin_phi(k) * rlat1 )
	2155	r22(k) = ABS( - sin_phi(k) * rlon1 + cos_phi(k) * rlat1 )
[4559]	2156	!
	2157	!-- w'w'
[4566]	2158	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	2159	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	2160	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	2161	)
[4559]	2162	!
[4566]	2163	!-- u'w' and v'w'. After calculation of the longitudinal and crosswind component
	2164	!-- these are projected along the x- and y-direction. Note, it is assumed that
	2165	!-- the flux within the boundary points opposite to the vertical gradient.
	2166	rlon2 = scale_us*2 ( zzi - 1.0_wp )
	2167	rlat2 = scale_us*2 ( 0.4 * zzi * ( 1.0_wp - zzi ) )
	2168
	2169	r31(k) = SIGN( ABS( cos_phi(k) * rlon2 + sin_phi(k) * rlat2 ), &
	2170	- ( u_init(k+1) - u_init(k-1) ) )
	2171	r32(k) = SIGN( ABS( - sin_phi(k) * rlon2 + cos_phi(k) * rlat2 ), &
	2172	- ( v_init(k+1) - v_init(k-1) ) )
[3347]	2173	!
[4640]	2174	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far. For simplicity assume a similar profile as
	2175	!-- for the vertical transport.
	2176	r21(k) = 0.5_wp * ( r31(k) + r32(k) )
	2177	!
[4566]	2178	!-- Compute turbulent time scales according to Brost et al. (1982). Note, time scales are
	2179	!-- limited to the adjustment time scales.
	2180	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, &
	2181	3.33_wp * zzi * ( 1.0 - 0.67_wp * zzi ) / scale_wm * zi_ribulk )
	2182
	2183	tv(k) = tu(k)
	2184	tw(k) = tu(k)
	2185
	2186	length_scale_lon = MIN( SQRT( r11(k) ) * tu(k), zi_ribulk )
	2187	length_scale_lat = MIN( SQRT( r22(k) ) * tv(k), zi_ribulk )
	2188	length_scale_vert = MIN( SQRT( r33(k) ) * tw(k), zi_ribulk )
	2189	!
	2190	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	2191	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2192	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2193	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2194	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2195	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2196	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2197	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2198	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2199	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2200
[3347]	2201	ENDDO
[4566]	2202	!
	2203	!-- Above boundary-layer top length- and timescales as well as reynolds-stress components are
	2204	!-- reduced to zero by a blending function.
	2205	length_scale_lon_zi = SQRT( r11(k_zi) ) * tu(k_zi)
	2206	length_scale_lat_zi = SQRT( r22(k_zi) ) * tv(k_zi)
	2207	length_scale_vert_zi = SQRT( r33(k_zi) ) * tu(k_zi)
[3347]	2208
[4566]	2209	time_scale_zi = tu(k_zi)
	2210	r11_zi = r11(k_zi)
	2211	r22_zi = r22(k_zi)
	2212	r33_zi = r33(k_zi)
	2213	r31_zi = r31(k_zi)
	2214	r32_zi = r32(k_zi)
	2215
	2216	d_l = blend_coeff / MAX( length_scale_vert_zi, dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) )
	2217
	2218	DO k = k_zi+1, nzt+1
[3347]	2219	!
[4566]	2220	!-- Calculate function to gradually decrease Reynolds stress above ABL top.
	2221	blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) )
	2222	!
	2223	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number to the denominator, else
	2224	!-- the mergpe-function can crash if scale_l is zero.
	2225	r11(k) = r11_zi * blend
	2226	r22(k) = r22_zi * blend
	2227	r33(k) = r33_zi * blend
	2228	r31(k) = r31_zi * blend
	2229	r32(k) = r32_zi * blend
[4640]	2230	r21(k) = 0.5_wp * ( r31(k) + r32(k) )
[4566]	2231
	2232	!
	2233	!-- Compute turbulent time scales according to Brost et al. (1982).
	2234	!-- Note, time scales are limited to the adjustment time scales.
	2235	tu(k) = time_scale_zi * blend
	2236	tv(k) = time_scale_zi * blend
	2237	tw(k) = time_scale_zi * blend
	2238
	2239	length_scale_lon = length_scale_lon_zi * blend
	2240	length_scale_lat = length_scale_lat_zi * blend
	2241	length_scale_vert = length_scale_vert_zi * blend
	2242	!
	2243	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	2244	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2245	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2246	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2247	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2248	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 )
	2249	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 )
	2250	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2251	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2252	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2253	ENDDO
	2254	!
	2255	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for reynolds stresses
[3347]	2256	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2257	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	2258	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	2259
	2260	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2261	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	2262	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	2263
[4566]	2264	!
	2265	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	2266	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	2267	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	2268	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	2269	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	2270	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	2271	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	2272	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	2273	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	2274	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
[4559]	2275
[4566]	2276	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	2277	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	2278	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
[4559]	2279
[4566]	2280	adjustment_step = .TRUE.
	2281
	2282	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_turbulence
	2283
[4559]	2284	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2285	! Description:
	2286	! ------------
[4559]	2287	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	2288	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2289	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	2290
[4559]	2291	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2292
[3347]	2293	!
	2294	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	2295	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[4022]	2296	IF ( r11(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[4566]	2297	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
[3347]	2298	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	2299	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	2300	ELSE
	2301	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2302	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2303	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2304	ENDIF
	2305	ENDDO
	2306	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[4566]	2307	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
[4022]	2308	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2309	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
[4566]	2310	a32(k) = ( r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) ) / a22(k)
	2311	ELSE
[3347]	2312	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2313	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2314	ENDIF
	2315	ENDDO
	2316	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2317	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
[4022]	2318	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2319	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	2320	ELSE
	2321	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2322	ENDIF
[4559]	2323	ENDDO
[3347]	2324	!
	2325	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	2326	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	2327	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	2328	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
[4559]	2329	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
[3347]	2330	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
[4559]	2331	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
[3347]	2332
	2333	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
[4559]	2334
	2335	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2336	! Description:
	2337	! ------------
[4559]	2338	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used for generating
	2339	!> turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	2340	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2341	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2342
[3987]	2343	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'start' )
[3347]	2344	!
[4559]	2345	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral boundary, i.e. in the case
	2346	!-- no offline or self nesting is applied but synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized
	2347	!-- nevertheless, the boundary-layer depth need to determined first.
	2348	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
	2349	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
[4022]	2350	!
[4559]	2351	!-- Compute scaling parameters (domain-averaged), such as friction velocity are calculated.
[3347]	2352	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	2353	!
[4566]	2354	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor. Parametrization follows Brost et al. (1982) with
	2355	!-- modifications described in Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth, friction
	2356	!-- velocity and velocity scale.
	2357	CALL parametrize_turbulence
[3347]	2358	!
[4566]	2359	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	2360	!-- (Lund rotation)
[3347]	2361	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	2362	!
[4566]	2363	!-- Setup filter functions according to updated length scales.
	2364	CALL stg_setup_filter_function
[3347]	2365	!
	2366	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	2367	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
[3987]	2368
	2369	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'end' )
[4559]	2370
	2371	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2372
	2373
	2374	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2375	! Description:
	2376	! ------------
[4559]	2377	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization according to Rotach
	2378	!> et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity, boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity
	2379	!> scale, and Obukhov length.
	2380	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3347]	2381	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2382
[4559]	2383	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	2384	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	2385	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2386	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
[3347]	2387
[4559]	2388	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
	2389	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
	2390	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
	2391	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
	2392	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2393	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2394	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2395
[3347]	2396	!
[4559]	2397	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and near-surface temperature in the
	2398	!-- model domain.
[3937]	2399	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2400	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2401	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
	2402	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
[3347]	2403	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[3937]	2404	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	2405	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
	2406	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	2407	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
	2408	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2409	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
	2410	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[4559]	2411	ENDDO
[3347]	2412	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[3937]	2413	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	2414	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
	2415	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	2416	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
	2417	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2418	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
	2419	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2420	ENDDO
	2421	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[3937]	2422	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	2423	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
	2424	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	2425	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
	2426	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2427	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
	2428	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2429	ENDDO
[4559]	2430
[3347]	2431	#if defined( __parallel )
[4559]	2432	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2433	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2434	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2435	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[3347]	2436	#else
[3937]	2437	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2438	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2439	scale_l = scale_l_l
	2440	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
[3347]	2441	#endif
	2442
[4566]	2443	scale_us = scale_us * d_nxy
	2444	shf_mean = shf_mean * d_nxy
	2445	scale_l = scale_l * d_nxy
	2446	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean * d_nxy
[3347]	2447	!
[4559]	2448	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux is negative, set
	2449	!-- convective velocity scale to zero.
[3347]	2450	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3937]	2451	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[3347]	2452	ELSE
	2453	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2454	ENDIF
	2455	!
[4566]	2456	!-- At the initial run the friction velocity is initialized close to zero, leading to almost zero
	2457	!-- disturbances at the boundaries. In order to obtain disturbances nevertheless, set a minium
	2458	!-- value of friction velocity for the reynolds-stress parametrization.
	2459	IF ( time_since_reference_point <= 0.0_wp ) scale_us = MAX( scale_us, 0.05_wp )
	2460	!
[4559]	2461	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification, compute momentum velocity
	2462	!-- scale from u* and convective velocity scale, according to Rotach et al. (1996).
[3347]	2463	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[4559]	2464
[3347]	2465	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2466
[2259]	2467	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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