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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 4525

Last change on this file since 4525 was 4495, checked in by raasch, 5 years ago
restart data handling with MPI-IO added, first part
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 110.5 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[2696]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
[2259]	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
	9	!
[2696]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
[2259]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[4481]	17	! Copyright 2017-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2259]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
	22	!
[4442]	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch $
[4495]	27	! restart data handling with MPI-IO added
	28	!
	29	! 4481 2020-03-31 18:55:54Z maronga
[4444]	30	! bugfix: cpp-directives for serial mode added, dummy statements to prevent compile errors added
	31	!
	32	! 4442 2020-03-04 19:21:13Z suehring
[4442]	33	! Set back turbulent length scale to 8 x grid spacing in the parametrized mode
	34	! (was accidantly changed).
	35	!
	36	! 4441 2020-03-04 19:20:35Z suehring
[4440]	37	! Correct misplaced preprocessor directive
	38	!
	39	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
[4438]	40	! Performance optimizations in velocity-seed calculation:
	41	! - random number array is only defined and computed locally (except for
	42	! normalization to zero mean and unit variance)
	43	! - parallel random number generator is applied independent on the 2D random
	44	! numbers in other routines
	45	! - option to decide wheter velocity seeds are computed locally without any
	46	! further communication or are computed by all processes along the
	47	! communicator
	48	!
	49	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4346]	50	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
	51	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
	52	!
	53	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	54	! Commentation of last commit
	55	!
	56	! 4332 2019-12-10 19:44:12Z suehring
[4332]	57	! Limit initial velocity seeds in restart runs, if not the seed calculation
	58	! may become unstable. Further, minor bugfix in initial velocity seed
	59	! calculation.
	60	!
	61	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	62	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	63	!
	64	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	65	! Computation of velocity seeds optimized. This implies that random numbers
	66	! are computed now using the parallel random number generator. Random numbers
	67	! are now only computed and normalized locally, while distributed over all
	68	! mpi ranks afterwards, instead of computing random numbers on a global array.
	69	! Further, the number of calls for the time-consuming velocity-seed generation
	70	! is reduced - now the left and right, as well as the north and south boundary
	71	! share the same velocity-seed matrices.
	72	!
	73	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	74	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	75	!
	76	! 4148 2019-08-08 11:26:00Z suehring
[4148]	77	! Remove unused variable
	78	!
	79	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
[4144]	80	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
	81	!
	82	! 4071 2019-07-03 20:02:00Z suehring
[4071]	83	! Bugfix, initialize mean_inflow_profiles in case turbulence and inflow
	84	! information is not read from file.
	85	!
	86	! 4022 2019-06-12 11:52:39Z suehring
[4022]	87	! Several bugfixes and improvements
	88	! - revise bias correction of the imposed perturbations (correction via volume
	89	! flow can create instabilities in case the mean volume flow is close to zero)
	90	! - introduce lower limits in calculation of coefficient matrix, else the
	91	! calculation may become numerically unstable
	92	! - impose perturbations every timestep, even though no new set of perturbations
	93	! is generated in case dt_stg_call /= dt_3d
	94	! - Implement a gradual decrease of Reynolds stress and length scales above
	95	! ABL height (within 1 length scale above ABL depth to 1/10) rather than a
	96	! discontinuous decrease
	97	! - Bugfix in non-nested case: use ABL height for parametrized turbulence
	98	!
	99	! 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z kanani
[3987]	100	! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping
	101	!
	102	! 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z suehring
[3938]	103	! Remove unused variables
	104	!
	105	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
[3937]	106	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not
	107	! present.
	108	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling
	109	! parameters used for synthetic turbulence parametrization.
	110	!
	111	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
[3909]	112	! Minor bugfix for last commit
	113	!
	114	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
[3900]	115	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
	116	!
	117	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
[3891]	118	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
	119	!
	120	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	121	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	122	! of additional debug messages
	123	!
	124	!
[3775]	125	! removed unused variables
	126	!
	127	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
[3719]	128	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
	129	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
	130	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
	131	!
[4182]	132	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
	133	! Initial revision
[3044]	134	!
[4182]	135	! Authors:
	136	! --------
	137	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	138	!
	139	!
[2259]	140	! Description:
	141	! ------------
	142	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
	143	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
	144	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	145	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
	146	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
	147	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
[3347]	148	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
	149	!> within the boundary layer.
[2259]	150	!>
	151	!> @todo test restart
	152	!> enable cyclic_fill
	153	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2945]	154	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
[2259]	155	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
	156	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
	157	!> must match with current PALM grid.
	158	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
	159	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
	160	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	161	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	162
	163
	164	USE arrays_3d, &
[4022]	165	ONLY: dzw, &
	166	ddzw, &
	167	drho_air, &
	168	mean_inflow_profiles, &
	169	q, &
[4071]	170	q_init, &
	171	pt, &
	172	pt_init, &
[4022]	173	u, &
	174	u_init, &
	175	v, &
	176	v_init, &
	177	w, &
	178	zu, &
	179	zw
[2259]	180
[3274]	181	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[4022]	182	ONLY: g, &
	183	kappa, &
	184	pi
[2259]	185
	186	USE control_parameters, &
[4022]	187	ONLY: bc_lr, &
	188	bc_ns, &
	189	child_domain, &
	190	coupling_char, &
	191	debug_output_timestep, &
	192	dt_3d, &
	193	e_init, &
[4071]	194	humidity, &
[3885]	195	initializing_actions, &
[4022]	196	intermediate_timestep_count, &
	197	intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	198	length, &
[3885]	199	message_string, &
[4022]	200	nesting_offline, &
[4071]	201	neutral, &
[3885]	202	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
[4309]	203	random_generator, &
[4022]	204	rans_mode, &
[4495]	205	restart_data_format_output, &
[4022]	206	restart_string, &
	207	syn_turb_gen, &
	208	time_since_reference_point, &
	209	turbulent_inflow
[4438]	210
	211	USE cpulog, &
	212	ONLY: cpu_log, &
	213	log_point_s
	214
[4022]	215	USE grid_variables, &
	216	ONLY: ddx, &
	217	ddy, &
	218	dx, &
	219	dy
[2259]	220
	221	USE indices, &
[4022]	222	ONLY: nbgp, &
	223	nz, &
	224	nzb, &
	225	nzt, &
	226	nx, &
	227	nxl, &
	228	nxlu, &
	229	nxr, &
	230	ny, &
	231	nys, &
	232	nysv, &
	233	nyn, &
[4346]	234	wall_flags_total_0
[2259]	235
	236	USE kinds
	237
[2967]	238	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
[2259]	239	USE MPI
[2841]	240	#endif
[2259]	241
[3347]	242	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
[4022]	243	ONLY: nesting_offl_calc_zi, &
	244	zi_ribulk
[3347]	245
[2259]	246	USE pegrid, &
[4022]	247	ONLY: comm1dx, &
	248	comm1dy, &
	249	comm2d, &
	250	ierr, &
	251	myidx, &
	252	myidy, &
	253	pdims
[4438]	254
[4022]	255	USE pmc_interface, &
	256	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[4438]	257
	258	USE random_generator_parallel, &
	259	ONLY: init_parallel_random_generator, &
	260	random_dummy, &
[4309]	261	random_number_parallel, &
[4438]	262	random_seed_parallel
[2259]	263
[4495]	264	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
	265	ONLY: rrd_mpi_io, &
	266	wrd_mpi_io
	267
[2259]	268	USE transpose_indices, &
[4022]	269	ONLY: nzb_x, &
	270	nzt_x
[2259]	271
[4438]	272	USE surface_mod, &
	273	ONLY: surf_def_h, &
	274	surf_lsm_h, &
	275	surf_usm_h
[2259]	276
	277	IMPLICIT NONE
	278
[2967]	279	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
[2841]	280	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
	281	#endif
	282
[3182]	283
[3347]	284	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
	285	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	286	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
[4438]	287	LOGICAL :: compute_velocity_seeds_local = .TRUE. !< switch to decide whether velocity seeds are computed locally or if computation
	288	!< is distributed over several processes
[2259]	289
[3038]	290	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	291	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	292	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	293	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[4438]	294	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< maximum length scale (in gp)
[3038]	295	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	296	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	297	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	298	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[4444]	299	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	300	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	301	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	302	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	303	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
[4444]	304	#endif
[2259]	305
[4022]	306	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz cross-sections,
	307	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	308	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz cross-sections,
	309	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	310
[4444]	311	#if defined( __parallel )
[3347]	312	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	313	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	314	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	315	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
[4444]	316	#endif
[3347]	317	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	318	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	319	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	320	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	321	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	322	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	323	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	324	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	325	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
[2259]	326
[4438]	327	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_xz !< initial random IDs at xz inflow boundary
	328	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_yz !< initial random IDs at yz inflow boundary
	329	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_xz !< initial random seeds at xz inflow boundary
	330	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_yz !< initial random seeds at yz inflow boundary
	331
[4022]	332	REAL(wp) :: blend !< value to create gradually and smooth blending of Reynolds stress and length
	333	!< scales above the boundary layer
	334	REAL(wp) :: blend_coeff = -2.3_wp !< coefficient used to ensure that blending functions decreases to 1/10 after
	335	!< one length scale above ABL top
	336	REAL(wp) :: d_l !< blend_coeff/length_scale
	337	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< length scale, default is 8 x minimum grid spacing
[3347]	338	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
[4438]	339	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
[3347]	340	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	341	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	342	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	343	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	344	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	345
[4022]	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< correction factor for the u,v,w-components to maintain original mass flux
[3347]	347
[4022]	348
[3347]	349	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	350	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	351	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	352	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	353	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	354	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	355
	356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
[2259]	365
[3347]	366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	387
	388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
	389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
[2259]	390
	391	!
	392	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	393	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	394	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	395	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	396	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	397	!
[2259]	398	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	399	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	400	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	401	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	402
	403	!
	404	!-- Calculate filter functions
	405	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	406	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	407	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	408
	409	!
[2938]	410	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	411	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	412	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	413	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	414	!
	415	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	416	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	417	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	418	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	419
	420	!
	421	!-- Output of information to the header file
	422	INTERFACE stg_header
	423	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	424	END INTERFACE stg_header
	425
	426	!
	427	!-- Initialization actions
	428	INTERFACE stg_init
	429	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	430	END INTERFACE stg_init
	431
	432	!
	433	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	434	INTERFACE stg_main
	435	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	436	END INTERFACE stg_main
	437
	438	!
	439	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	440	INTERFACE stg_parin
	441	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	442	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	443
	444	!
	445	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	446	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[4495]	447	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global_ftn
	448	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global_mpi
[2894]	449	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	450
	451	!
	452	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	453	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	454	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	455	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	456
	457	SAVE
	458
	459	PRIVATE
	460
	461	!
	462	!-- Public interfaces
[3347]	463	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
	464	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
[2259]	465
	466	!
	467	!-- Public variables
[3347]	468	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
	469	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	470	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	471
	472
	473	CONTAINS
	474
	475
	476	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	477	! Description:
	478	! ------------
	479	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
	480	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	481	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	482
[3182]	483	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	484	nesting_offline ) THEN
[3376]	485	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	486	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
	487	'in LES mode.'
	488	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	489	ENDIF
	490
[3182]	491	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	492	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[3376]	493	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
[2938]	494	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
	495	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	496	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	497	ENDIF
	498
[2776]	499	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	500
[3579]	501	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	502	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	503	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	504	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
	505	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	506
	507	ENDIF
	508
	509	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
	510	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	511	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	512	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
	513	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	514
	515	ENDIF
	516
[3182]	517	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	518
[2938]	519	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	520	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	521	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	522	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
	523	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
	524	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	525	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	526	ENDIF
	527
	528	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
	529	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	530	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
	531	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	532	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	533	ENDIF
	534	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
	535	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	536	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
[3347]	537	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	538	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	539	ENDIF
	540
[2259]	541	ENDIF
	542
	543	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
	544	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[2938]	545	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
	546	'is not allowed'
[2259]	547	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	548	ENDIF
[4309]	549	!
	550	!-- Synthetic turbulence generator requires the parallel random generator
	551	IF ( random_generator /= 'random-parallel' ) THEN
	552	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	553	'requires random_generator = random-parallel.'
	554	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0421', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	555	ENDIF
[2259]	556
	557	ENDIF
	558
	559	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	560
	561
	562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	563	! Description:
	564	! ------------
	565	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
	566	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	567	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	568
	569	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	570
	571	!
	572	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	573	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	574	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	575	WRITE( io, 2 )
	576	ELSE
	577	WRITE( io, 3 )
	578	ENDIF
[3347]	579
	580	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	581	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	582	ELSE
	583	WRITE( io, 5 )
	584	ENDIF
[2259]	585
	586	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
	587	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	588	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	589	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	590	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	591	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	592
	593	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	594
	595
	596	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	597	! Description:
	598	! ------------
	599	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
	600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	601	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	602
[3347]	603	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
[2938]	604
[2669]	605	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	606	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	607	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	608	#endif
[2259]	609
[2938]	610	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
[2259]	611	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	612	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
[4444]	613	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	614	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	615	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
[4444]	616	#endif
[4309]	617
[4022]	618	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz-cross-section on subdomain
	619	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz-cross-section on subdomain
[2259]	620	!
	621	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
	622	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	623	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	624	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	625	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	626	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	627	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	628	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	629	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	630	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	631	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[4444]	632	#if defined( __parallel )
[3038]	633	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[4444]	634	#endif
[2259]	635	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
	636
[2938]	637
[2259]	638	#if defined( __parallel )
	639	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	640	#endif
[4438]	641	!
	642	!-- Create mpi-datatypes for exchange in case of non-local but distributed
	643	!-- computation of the velocity seeds. This option is useful in
[4444]	644	!-- case large turbulent length scales are present, where the computational
	645	!-- effort becomes large and need to be parallelized. For parameterized
[4438]	646	!-- turbulence the length scales are small and computing the velocity seeds
	647	!-- locally is faster (no overhead by communication).
	648	IF ( .NOT. compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
[2669]	649	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	650	!
	651	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	652	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
	653	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	654	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
	655
	656	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
	657	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
	658
	659	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	660	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	661	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
	662	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	663	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
	664
	665	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
	666	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
	667	ENDIF
	668
	669	!
	670	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
	671	!-- velocity seeds
	672	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	673	extent = 1 * realsize
	674	!
	675	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
	676	!-- layer
	677	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
	678	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyn-nys+1], &
	679	[1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	680	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	681	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
[2938]	682	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4438]	683
	684	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
	685	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyn-nys+1], &
	686	[1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	687	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	688	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
[2938]	689	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4438]	690
[2938]	691	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[4438]	692	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
	693
	694	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	695	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
	696
	697	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
	698	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2938]	699	ENDDO
[4438]	700	!
	701	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
	702	!-- layer
	703	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
	704	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	705	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	706	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxr-nxl+1], &
	707	[1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	708	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	709	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	710	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	711
	712	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
	713	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxr-nxl+1], &
	714	[1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	715	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	716	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	717	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	718
	719	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
	720	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
	721
	722	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	723	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
	724
	725	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	726	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	727	ENDDO
	728
	729	ENDIF
[4440]	730	#endif
[2938]	731	ENDIF
[2259]	732	!
[4071]	733	!-- Allocate required arrays.
	734	!-- In case no offline nesting or self nesting is used, the arrary
	735	!-- mean_inflow profiles is required. Check if it is already allocated, else
	736	!-- allocate and initialize it appropriately. Note, in case turbulence and
	737	!-- inflow information is read from file, mean_inflow_profiles is already
	738	!-- allocated and initialized appropriately.
[3347]	739	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[4071]	740	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) THEN
[3347]	741	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
[4071]	742	mean_inflow_profiles = 0.0_wp
	743	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = u_init
	744	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = v_init
	745	!
	746	!-- Even though potential temperature and humidity are not perturbed,
	747	!-- they need to be initialized appropriately.
	748	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) &
	749	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = pt_init
	750	IF ( humidity ) &
	751	mean_inflow_profiles(:,6) = q_init
	752	ENDIF
[3347]	753	ENDIF
[2259]	754
[3347]	755	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	756	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	757	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	758	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	759	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	760	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	761	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	762	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	763
[4438]	764	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr,3) )
	765	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn,3) )
[3347]	766	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	767	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	768	!
[2259]	769	!-- Read inflow profile
	770	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
	771	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
	772	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
	773	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[2938]	774	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	775	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	776
[2938]	777	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	778
[2938]	779	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
	780	FORM='FORMATTED')
	781	!
	782	!-- Skip header
	783	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	784
[3182]	785	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[2938]	786	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
	787	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
	788	d1, d2, d3, d5
	789
[2259]	790	!
[3182]	791	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[2938]	792	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
[3182]	793	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	794	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
[3182]	795	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	796	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
[3182]	797	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	798	!
	799	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
	800	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	801	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	802	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	803	!
	804	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	805	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	806	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	807	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	808	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	809	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	810	ENDIF
	811	ENDDO
[3182]	812	!
	813	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
	814	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	815	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	816	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	817	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	818	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	819	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	820
[2938]	821	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	822	!
	823	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	824	!-- (Lund rotation)
	825	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	826	!
	827	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
	828	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
	829	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
	830	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	831	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
	832	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	833	ELSE
[2259]	834	!
[4022]	835	!-- Define length scale for the imposed turbulence, which is defined as
	836	!-- 8 times the minimum grid spacing
[4441]	837	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) )
[4022]	838	!
	839	!-- Define constant to gradually decrease length scales and Reynolds stress
	840	!-- above ABL top. Assure that no zero length scales are used.
	841	d_l = blend_coeff / MAX( length_scale, dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) )
	842	!
[3347]	843	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	844	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	845	!
[4022]	846	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral
	847	!-- boundary, i.e. in the case no offline or self nesting is applied but
	848	!-- synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized nevertheless, the
	849	!-- boundary-layer depth need to determined first.
	850	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
	851	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
	852	!
[3347]	853	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
	854	!-- scales
	855	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	856	!
	857	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
	858	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
	859	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
[3891]	860	!
	861	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	862	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	863	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	864	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	865	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	866	!
	867	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	868	!-- (Lund rotation)
	869	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
[3347]	870
[2938]	871	ENDIF
	872
[2259]	873	!
[3347]	874	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
	875	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
	876	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[3182]	877	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	878	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	879	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	880	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
	881	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	882	ENDIF
[3347]	883
[2938]	884	!
[2259]	885	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
[4438]	886	mergp = 0
[2259]	887
	888	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
	889	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[2938]	890	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
	891	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
	892	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
[4438]	893	IF ( j > mergp ) mergp = j
[2259]	894	ENDDO
	895
[4438]	896	! mergp = 2 * mergp
	897	! mergp = mergp
[2259]	898
[4438]	899	ALLOCATE ( bux(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	900	buy(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	901	buz(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	902	bvx(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	903	bvy(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	904	bvz(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	905	bwx(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	906	bwy(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	907	bwz(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) )
[2259]	908
	909	!
[2938]	910	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
[4438]	911	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), &
	912	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), &
	913	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) )
[2259]	914
[2938]	915	!
	916	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
[4438]	917	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), &
	918	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), &
	919	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) )
[2259]	920
[2938]	921	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	922	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	923	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	924	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	925	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	926	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	927
	928	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	929	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	930	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	931	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	932	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	933	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	934
[2259]	935	!
	936	!-- Create filter functions
[2938]	937	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
[2259]	938	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	939	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
[2938]	940	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
[2259]	941	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	942	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
[2938]	943	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
[2259]	944	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	945	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	946
	947	#if defined( __parallel )
	948	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	949	#endif
	950
	951	!
[2938]	952	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
	953	! time step.
	954	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
	955	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	956	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	957	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	958
	959	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	960	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	961
[4438]	962	DO j = nys, nyn
[2259]	963	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4332]	964	IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	965	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	966	ELSE
[4332]	967	fu_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	968	ENDIF
	969
[4332]	970	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	971	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) - &
	972	a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	973	ELSE
[4332]	974	fv_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	975	ENDIF
	976
[4332]	977	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	978	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) - &
	979	a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - a32(k) * &
	980	fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	981	ELSE
[4332]	982	fw_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	983	ENDIF
	984	ENDDO
	985	ENDDO
	986	ENDIF
[3900]	987
	988	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	989
	990	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
	991	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	992
[4438]	993	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3900]	994	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4335]	995	!
	996	!-- In case the correlation coefficients are very small, the
	997	!-- velocity seeds may become very large finally creating
	998	!-- numerical instabilities in the synthetic turbulence generator.
	999	!-- Empirically, a value of 10E-8 seems to be sufficient.
[4332]	1000	IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	1001	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[3900]	1002	ELSE
[4332]	1003	fu_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1004	ENDIF
	1005
[4332]	1006	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	1007	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) - &
	1008	a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[3900]	1009	ELSE
[4332]	1010	fv_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1011	ENDIF
	1012
[4332]	1013	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	1014	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) - &
	1015	a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
	1016	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
[3900]	1017	ELSE
[4332]	1018	fw_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	1019	ENDIF
	1020
	1021	ENDDO
	1022	ENDDO
	1023	ENDIF
[2259]	1024	ENDIF
[4022]	1025	!
	1026	!-- Count the number of non-topography grid points at the boundaries where
	1027	!-- perturbations are imposed. This number is later used for bias corrections
	1028	!-- of the perturbations, i.e. to force that their mean is zero. Please note,
	1029	!-- due to the asymetry of u and v along x and y direction, respectively,
	1030	!-- different cases must be distinguished.
	1031	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	1032	!
	1033	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u
	1034	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1035	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1036
	1037	nr_non_topo_yz_l(1) = SUM( &
	1038	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1039	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1040	!
	1041	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v and w
	1042	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1043	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1044
	1045	nr_non_topo_yz_l(2) = SUM( &
	1046	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1047	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1048	nr_non_topo_yz_l(3) = SUM( &
	1049	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1050	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
[4022]	1051
	1052	#if defined( __parallel )
	1053	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_yz_l, nr_non_topo_yz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1054	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1055	#else
	1056	nr_non_topo_yz = nr_non_topo_yz_l
	1057	#endif
	1058	ENDIF
	1059
	1060	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1061	!
	1062	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v
	1063	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1064	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1065
	1066	nr_non_topo_xz_l(2) = SUM( &
	1067	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1068	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1069	!
	1070	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u and w
	1071	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1072	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1073
	1074	nr_non_topo_xz_l(1) = SUM( &
	1075	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1076	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1077	nr_non_topo_xz_l(3) = SUM( &
	1078	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1079	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
[4022]	1080
	1081	#if defined( __parallel )
	1082	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_xz_l, nr_non_topo_xz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1083	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1084	#else
	1085	nr_non_topo_xz = nr_non_topo_xz_l
	1086	#endif
	1087	ENDIF
[4438]	1088	!
	1089	!-- Initialize random number generator at xz- and yz-layers. Random numbers
	1090	!-- are initialized at each core. In case there is only inflow from the left,
	1091	!-- it is sufficient to generate only random numbers for the yz-layer, else
	1092	!-- random numbers for the xz-layer are also required.
	1093	ALLOCATE ( id_rand_yz(-mergp+nys:nyn+mergp) )
	1094	ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_yz(5,-mergp+nys:nyn+mergp) )
	1095	id_rand_yz = 0
	1096	seq_rand_yz = 0
[2259]	1097
[4438]	1098	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( ny, -mergp+nys, nyn+mergp, &
	1099	id_rand_yz, seq_rand_yz )
[4022]	1100
[4438]	1101	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1102	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	1103	ALLOCATE ( id_rand_xz(-mergp+nxl:nxr+mergp) )
	1104	ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_xz(5,-mergp+nxl:nxr+mergp) )
	1105	id_rand_xz = 0
	1106	seq_rand_xz = 0
	1107
	1108	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( nx, -mergp+nxl, nxr+mergp, &
	1109	id_rand_xz, seq_rand_xz )
	1110	ENDIF
	1111
	1112
	1113
[2259]	1114	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	1115
	1116
	1117	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1118	! Description:
	1119	! ------------
	1120	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	1121	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	1122	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1123	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
	1124
	1125	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	1126	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	1127	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
	1128
	1129	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	1130	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	1131
[4438]	1132	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nxx !< length scale (in gp)
[2259]	1133
[4438]	1134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: bxx !< filter function
[2259]	1135
	1136
	1137	bxx = 0.0_wp
	1138
	1139	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1140	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	1141	n_k = nxx(k)
	1142	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	1143
	1144	!
	1145	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
[4438]	1146	DO nf = -n_k, n_k
[2259]	1147	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
	1148	ENDDO
	1149
	1150	!
	1151	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	1152	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
[4438]	1153	DO nf = -n_k, n_k
[2259]	1154	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
	1155	ENDDO
	1156	ENDIF
	1157	ENDDO
	1158
[3347]	1159	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	1160
	1161
	1162	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1163	! Description:
	1164	! ------------
	1165	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
	1166	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1167	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1168
	1169	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1170
	1171
[4438]	1172	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, &
	1173	dt_stg_call, &
	1174	use_syn_turb_gen, &
	1175	compute_velocity_seeds_local
[2259]	1176
	1177	line = ' '
	1178	!
	1179	!-- Try to find stg package
	1180	REWIND ( 11 )
	1181	line = ' '
	1182	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1183	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
[2259]	1184	ENDDO
	1185	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1186
	1187	!
	1188	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	1189	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	1190
	1191	!
	1192	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
	1193	!-- on
[2776]	1194	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	1195	GOTO 20
[2259]	1196
[3246]	1197	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1198	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1199	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	1200
[3246]	1201	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	1202
	1203	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1204
	1205
	1206	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1207	! Description:
	1208	! ------------
[4495]	1209	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
[2576]	1210	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4495]	1211	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_ftn( found )
[2576]	1212
[3044]	1213	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	1214
[2894]	1215	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1216
[3038]	1217
[2894]	1218	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[4022]	1219
	1220	CASE ( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1221	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_adjust
	1222
	1223	CASE ( 'time_stg_call' )
	1224	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_call
	1225
[2894]	1226	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1227	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1228
[2894]	1229	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1230
[3038]	1231	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1232
[2894]	1233	END SELECT
[2259]	1234
	1235
[4495]	1236	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_ftn
[2259]	1237
	1238
	1239	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1240	! Description:
	1241	! ------------
[4495]	1242	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
	1243	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1244	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_mpi
	1245
	1246	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_adjust', time_stg_adjust )
	1247	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_call', time_stg_call )
	1248	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'use_syn_turb_gen', use_syn_turb_gen )
	1249
	1250	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_mpi
	1251
	1252
	1253	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1254	! Description:
	1255	! ------------
[2259]	1256	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	1257	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1258	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1259
[4495]	1260	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
	1261
	1262	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1263	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_adjust
[4022]	1264
[4495]	1265	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_call' )
	1266	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_call
[2259]	1267
[4495]	1268	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1269	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1270
[4495]	1271	ELSEIF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'mpi' ) THEN
[2259]	1272
[4495]	1273	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_adjust', time_stg_adjust )
	1274	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_call', time_stg_call )
	1275	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'use_syn_turb_gen', use_syn_turb_gen )
	1276
	1277	ENDIF
	1278
[2894]	1279	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1280
[2894]	1281
[2259]	1282	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1283	! Description:
	1284	! ------------
	1285	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
	1286	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
	1287	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
	1288	!> (Lund, 1998).
	1289	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1290	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1291
[4457]	1292	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
	1293	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	1294
[2938]	1295	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
[2259]	1296	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1297	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[4022]	1298
	1299	LOGICAL :: stg_call = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating whether turbulence was updated or only restored from last call
[2259]	1300
	1301	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
[4022]	1302
	1303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
[2259]	1304
[3987]	1305	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'start' )
[2259]	1306	!
	1307	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3775]	1308	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
[2259]	1309	!
[4022]	1310	!-- Check if synthetic turbulence generator needs to be called and new
	1311	!-- perturbations need to be created or if old disturbances can be imposed
	1312	!-- again.
	1313	IF ( time_stg_call >= dt_stg_call .AND. &
	1314	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1315	stg_call = .TRUE.
	1316	ELSE
	1317	stg_call = .FALSE.
	1318	ENDIF
	1319	!
[2259]	1320	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
[3646]	1321	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[4309]	1322	!
	1323	!-- Generate turbulence at the left and right boundary. Random numbers
	1324	!-- for the yz-planes at the left/right boundary are generated by the
	1325	!-- left-sided mpi ranks only. After random numbers are calculated, they
	1326	!-- are distributed to all other mpi ranks in the model, so that the
	1327	!-- velocity seed matrices are available on all mpi ranks (i.e. also on the
	1328	!-- right-sided boundary mpi ranks). In case of offline nesting, this implies,
	1329	!-- that the left- and the right-sided lateral boundary have the same initial
	1330	!-- seeds.
	1331	!-- Note, in case of inflow from the right only, only turbulence at the left
	1332	!-- boundary is required.
	1333	IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. &
	1334	( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1335	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN
	1336	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1337	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1338	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1339	ELSE
	1340	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, &
	1341	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1342	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, &
	1343	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1344	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, &
	1345	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1346	!
[4309]	1347	!-- Generate turbulence at the south and north boundary. Random numbers
	1348	!-- for the xz-planes at the south/north boundary are generated by the
	1349	!-- south-sided mpi ranks only. Please see also comment above.
	1350	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, &
	1351	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1352	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, &
	1353	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1354	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, &
	1355	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1356	ENDIF
[2259]	1357	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1358	ENDIF
	1359	!
[4309]	1360	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw. Note, for inflow from the left side only, velocity
	1361	!-- seeds are only required at the left boundary, while in case of offline
	1362	!-- nesting or RANS-LES nesting velocity seeds are required also at the
	1363	!-- right, south and north boundaries.
[4022]	1364	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4309]	1365	IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. &
	1366	( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1367	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN
	1368	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1369	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1370	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1371
	1372	ELSE
	1373	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, &
	1374	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1375	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, &
	1376	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1377	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, &
	1378	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1379
	1380	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, &
	1381	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1382	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, &
	1383	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1384	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, &
	1385	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
[4022]	1386	ENDIF
[2938]	1387	ENDIF
[3347]	1388
[2938]	1389	!
[4309]	1390	!-- Turbulence generation at left and/or right boundary
[2938]	1391	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[2259]	1392	!
[4022]	1393	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and
	1394	!-- when dt_stg_call is exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is
	1395	!-- imposed
	1396	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
	1397
[4438]	1398	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1399	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1400	!
	1401	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1402	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1403	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
	1404	ELSE
	1405	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1406	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1407	ENDIF
	1408
	1409	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1410	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
	1411	ELSE
	1412	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1413	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
	1414	ENDIF
	1415
	1416	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1417	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
	1418	ELSE
	1419	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1420	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
	1421	ENDIF
	1422	ENDDO
	1423	ENDDO
	1424
	1425	dist_yz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1426	dist_yz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1427	dist_yz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
	1428
	1429	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1430	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4438]	1431	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1432	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1433	!
	1434	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1435	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1436	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1437	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1438	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1439	ENDDO
	1440	ENDDO
[4309]	1441
[4022]	1442	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1443	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4438]	1444	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1445	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1446	!
	1447	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1448	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1449	!-- experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1450	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1451	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1452	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
[4022]	1453	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1454	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1455	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1456	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1457	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1458	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1459	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
[4022]	1460	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1461	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1462	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1463	ENDDO
[2259]	1464	ENDDO
[4022]	1465	ENDIF
[2259]	1466	!
	1467	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1468	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
[4022]	1469	!-- inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed
	1470	!-- perturbations at yz boundary.
	1471	!-- Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep, else
	1472	!-- the boundary values won't be accessed.
	1473	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1474	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1475	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1476	!
	1477	!-- Sum up the original volume flows (with and without perturbations).
	1478	!-- Note, for non-normal components (here v and w) it is actually no
	1479	!-- volume flow.
[2938]	1480	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1481	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4022]	1482
	1483	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,1) &
	1484	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1485	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1486
	1487	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1488	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1489
	1490	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,2) &
	1491	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1492	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1493	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,3) &
	1494	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1495	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
[4022]	1496
[2938]	1497	#if defined( __parallel )
	1498	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
[4022]	1499	3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1500	#else
	1501	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1502	#endif
[4022]	1503	!
	1504	!-- Calculate correction factor and force zero mean perturbations.
	1505	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_yz, KIND = wp )
	1506
	1507	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1508	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1509
[4438]	1510	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) - mc_factor(1) ) &
[4022]	1511	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1512	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1513
	1514
	1515	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1516	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1517
[4438]	1518	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) - mc_factor(2) ) &
[4022]	1519	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1520	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1521
[4438]	1522	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) - mc_factor(3) ) &
[4022]	1523	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1524	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1525	!
[2938]	1526	!-- Add disturbances
	1527	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[4022]	1528	!
	1529	!-- For the left boundary distinguish between mesoscale offline / self
	1530	!-- nesting and turbulent inflow at the left boundary only. In the latter
	1531	!-- case turbulence is imposed on the mean inflow profiles.
	1532	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	1533	!
	1534	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
[4438]	1535	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1536	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1537	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
	1538	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1539	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1540	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[4022]	1541	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
	1542	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1543	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1544	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
[4022]	1545	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) &
	1546	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1547	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1548	ENDDO
[2938]	1549	ENDDO
[4022]	1550	ELSE
	1551
	1552	DO j = nys, nyn
	1553	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1554	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1555	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1556	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[4022]	1557	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
	1558	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1559	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1560	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
[4022]	1561	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1562	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1563	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1564	ENDDO
	1565	ENDDO
	1566	ENDIF
[2938]	1567	ENDIF
	1568	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1569	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1570	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1571	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
[4022]	1572	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1573	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
[3186]	1574	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
[4022]	1575	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1576	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
[3186]	1577	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
[4022]	1578	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1579	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1580	ENDDO
	1581	ENDDO
	1582	ENDIF
	1583	ENDIF
	1584	ENDIF
	1585	!
	1586	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1587	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1588	!
[4022]	1589	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and
	1590	!-- when dt_stg_call is exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is
	1591	!-- imposed
	1592	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4438]	1593	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1594	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1595	!
	1596	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1597	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1598	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1599	ELSE
	1600	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1601	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1602	ENDIF
	1603
	1604	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1605	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1606	ELSE
	1607	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1608	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
	1609	ENDIF
	1610
	1611	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1612	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1613	ELSE
	1614	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1615	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
	1616	ENDIF
	1617	ENDDO
	1618	ENDDO
	1619
	1620
	1621	dist_xz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1622	dist_xz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1623	dist_xz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
	1624
	1625	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1626	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4438]	1627	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1628	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1629	!
	1630	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1631	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1632	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1633	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1634	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1635	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
[4022]	1636	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1637	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1638	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1639	ENDDO
	1640	ENDDO
	1641
	1642	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1643	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4438]	1644	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1645	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1646	!
	1647	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1648	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1649	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1650	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1651	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1652
[3347]	1653	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1654	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1655	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1656	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
[4022]	1657	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1658	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1659	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1660	ENDDO
[2938]	1661	ENDDO
[4022]	1662	ENDIF
[3347]	1663
[2938]	1664	!
	1665	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1666	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
[4022]	1667	!-- inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed
	1668	!-- perturbations at yz boundary.
	1669	!-- Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep, else
	1670	!-- the boundary values won't be accessed.
	1671	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1672	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1673	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1674
	1675	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1676	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1677
	1678	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,2) &
	1679	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1680	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1681
	1682	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1683	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1684
	1685	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxlu:nxr,1) &
	1686	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1687	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1688	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,3) &
	1689	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1690	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
[4022]	1691
[2938]	1692	#if defined( __parallel )
[4022]	1693	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
	1694	3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1695	#else
	1696	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1697	#endif
[4022]	1698
	1699	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_xz, KIND = wp )
	1700
	1701	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1702	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1703
[4438]	1704	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) - mc_factor(2) ) &
[4022]	1705	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1706	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) )
[4022]	1707
	1708
	1709	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1710	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1711
[4438]	1712	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) - mc_factor(1) ) &
[4022]	1713	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1714	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 1 ) )
[4022]	1715
[4438]	1716	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) - mc_factor(3) ) &
[4022]	1717	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1718	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) )
[4022]	1719	!
	1720	!-- Add disturbances
	1721	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1722	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1723	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1724	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1725	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1726	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1727	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1728	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1729	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1730	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
	1731	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1732	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1733	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1734	ENDDO
[2938]	1735	ENDDO
[4022]	1736	ENDIF
	1737	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1738
	1739	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1740	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1741	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1742	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1743	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1744	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1745	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1746	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1747	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1748	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1749	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1750	ENDDO
[2938]	1751	ENDDO
[4022]	1752	ENDIF
[2938]	1753	ENDIF
[2259]	1754	ENDIF
[3347]	1755	!
[4438]	1756	!-- Exchange ghost points.
	1757	CALL exchange_horiz( u, nbgp )
	1758	CALL exchange_horiz( v, nbgp )
	1759	CALL exchange_horiz( w, nbgp )
	1760	!
[3347]	1761	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
[4022]	1762	IF ( stg_call ) time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1763
[3987]	1764	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'end' )
	1765
[2259]	1766	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1767
	1768	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1769	! Description:
	1770	! ------------
	1771	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1772	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1773	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
	1774	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1775	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1776	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4309]	1777	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id_left, id_right )
[2259]	1778
[4309]	1779	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_left !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1780	INTEGER(iwp), OPTIONAL :: id_right !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1781	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1782	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1783	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1784	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1785	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
[2259]	1786
	1787	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1788	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1789
	1790	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1791	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1792	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1793
[4438]	1794	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1795	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[4309]	1796
[4438]	1797	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1798	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n !< velocity seed
[4309]	1799
	1800	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers
[2259]	1801	!
[4309]	1802	!-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator.
[2259]	1803	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
[4309]	1804	!-- unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array must be defined
	1805	!-- globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However,
	1806	!-- the calculation and normalization of random numbers is done locally,
	1807	!-- while the result is later distributed to all processes. Further,
	1808	!-- please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the
	1809	!-- left boundary, while the right boundary uses the same random numbers
	1810	!-- and thus also computes the same correlation matrix.
[4438]	1811	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp+nys:nyn+mergp) )
	1812	rand_it = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1813
	1814	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1815	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
[4438]	1816	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp - ( nzb - mergp ) + 1 ) &
	1817	* ( ny + mergp - ( 0 - mergp ) + 1 ), &
	1818	KIND=wp )
[4309]	1819	!
[4438]	1820	!-- Compute and normalize random numbers.
	1821	DO j = nys - mergp, nyn + mergp
[4309]	1822	!
[4438]	1823	!-- Put the random seeds at grid point j
	1824	CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_yz(:,j) )
	1825	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1826	CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy )
	1827	rand_it(k,j) = random_dummy
	1828	ENDDO
[4309]	1829	!
[4438]	1830	!-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point j
	1831	CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_yz(:,j) )
	1832	ENDDO
[4309]	1833	!
[4438]	1834	!-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers.
	1835	!-- To normalize the global set of random numbers,
	1836	!-- the inner ghost layers mergp must not be summed-up, else
	1837	!-- the random numbers on the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they
	1838	!-- also occur on the inner subdomains.
	1839	DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp, nys /= 0 ), &
	1840	MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp, nyn /= ny )
	1841	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1842	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
[2259]	1843	ENDDO
[4438]	1844	ENDDO
	1845
[4309]	1846	#if defined( __parallel )
	1847	!
[4438]	1848	!-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers
	1849	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, &
	1850	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	1851	#endif
[4438]	1852	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
[4309]	1853	!
[4438]	1854	!-- Obtain zero mean
	1855	rand_it= rand_it - rand_av
[4309]	1856	!
[4438]	1857	!-- Now, compute the variance
	1858	DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp, nys /= 0 ), &
	1859	MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp, nyn /= ny )
	1860	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1861	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j)**2
[2259]	1862	ENDDO
[4438]	1863	ENDDO
[2259]	1864
[4309]	1865	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	1866	!
[4438]	1867	!-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers
	1868	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, &
	1869	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	1870	#endif
	1871	!
[4438]	1872	!-- Compute standard deviation
	1873	IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1874	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv )
	1875	ELSE
	1876	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp
[4309]	1877	ENDIF
	1878	!
[4438]	1879	!-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance
	1880	rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv
	1881
	1882	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' )
[4309]	1883	!
[4438]	1884	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There
	1885	!-- are two options. In the first one, the computation of the seeds is
	1886	!-- distributed to all processes along the communicator comm1dy and
	1887	!-- gathered on the leftmost and, if necessary, on the rightmost process.
	1888	!-- For huge length scales the computational effort can become quite huge
	1889	!-- (it scales with the turbulent length scales), so that gain by parallelization
	1890	!-- exceeds the costs by the subsequent communication.
	1891	!-- In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales
	1892	!-- are parametrized and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed
	1893	!-- locally and no communication is necessary.
	1894	IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
	1895
	1896	f_n = 0.0_wp
	1897	DO j = nys, nyn
	1898	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1899	DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k)
	1900	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	1901	f_n(k,j) = f_n(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1902	ENDDO
	1903	ENDDO
	1904	ENDDO
[2259]	1905	ENDDO
	1906
[4438]	1907	ELSE
[2259]	1908
[4438]	1909	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1910	DO j = nys, nyn
	1911	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
	1912	DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k)
	1913	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	1914	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1915	ENDDO
[2259]	1916	ENDDO
	1917	ENDDO
	1918	ENDDO
	1919	!
[4438]	1920	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1921	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1922	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1923
	1924	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	1925	!
[4438]	1926	!-- Gather the velocity seed matrix on left boundary mpi ranks.
	1927	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1928	f_n(nzb+1,nys), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz,&
	1929	id_left, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	1930	!
[4438]	1931	!-- If required, gather the same velocity seed matrix on right boundary
	1932	!-- mpi ranks (in offline nesting for example).
	1933	IF ( PRESENT( id_right ) ) THEN
	1934	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1935	f_n(nzb+1,nys), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz,&
	1936	id_right, comm1dx, ierr )
	1937	ENDIF
[2259]	1938	#else
[4438]	1939	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nys:nyn) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn)
[4444]	1940	!
	1941	!-- Next line required to avoid compile errors because of unused dummy arguments
	1942	IF ( id_left == 0 ) id_right = 0
[2259]	1943	#endif
	1944
[4438]	1945	ENDIF
[2259]	1946
[4438]	1947	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1948
	1949	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' )
	1950
[2259]	1951	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1952
[2938]	1953
	1954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1955	! Description:
	1956	! ------------
	1957	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1958	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1959	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
	1960	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1961	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1962	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4309]	1963	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id_south, id_north )
[2938]	1964
	1965	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
[4309]	1966	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_north !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1967	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_south !< core ids at respective boundaries
[2938]	1968	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1969	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1970	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1971	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1972
	1973	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1974	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1975
	1976	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1977	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1978	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1979
[4438]	1980	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1981	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[4309]	1982
[4438]	1983	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1984	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n !< velocity seed
[2938]	1985
[4309]	1986	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers
[2938]	1987
	1988	!
[4309]	1989	!-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator.
[2938]	1990	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
[4309]	1991	!-- unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array must be defined
	1992	!-- globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However,
	1993	!-- the calculation and normalization of random numbers is done locally,
	1994	!-- while the result is later distributed to all processes. Further,
	1995	!-- please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the
	1996	!-- left boundary, while the right boundary uses the same random numbers
	1997	!-- and thus also computes the same correlation matrix.
[4438]	1998	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp+nxl:nxr+mergp) )
	1999	rand_it = 0.0_wp
[2938]	2000
	2001	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	2002	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
[4438]	2003	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp - ( nzb - mergp ) + 1 ) &
	2004	* ( nx + mergp - ( 0 - mergp ) +1 ), &
	2005	KIND=wp )
[4309]	2006	!
[4438]	2007	!-- Compute and normalize random numbers.
	2008	DO i = nxl - mergp, nxr + mergp
[4309]	2009	!
[4438]	2010	!-- Put the random seeds at grid point ii
	2011	CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_xz(:,i) )
	2012	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	2013	CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy )
	2014	rand_it(k,i) = random_dummy
	2015	ENDDO
[4309]	2016	!
[4438]	2017	!-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point ii
	2018	CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_xz(:,i) )
	2019	ENDDO
[4309]	2020	!
[4438]	2021	!-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers.
	2022	!-- To normalize the global set of random numbers,
	2023	!-- the inner ghost layers mergp must not be summed-up, else
	2024	!-- the random numbers on the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they
	2025	!-- also occur on the inner subdomains.
	2026	DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp, nxl /= 0 ), &
	2027	MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp, nxr /= nx )
	2028	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	2029	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
[2938]	2030	ENDDO
[4438]	2031	ENDDO
	2032
[4309]	2033	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	2034	!
	2035	!-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers
	2036	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, &
	2037	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	2038	#endif
[4438]	2039	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
[4309]	2040	!
[4438]	2041	!-- Obtain zero mean
	2042	rand_it= rand_it - rand_av
[4309]	2043	!
[4438]	2044	!-- Now, compute the variance
	2045	DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp, nxl /= 0 ), &
	2046	MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp, nxr /= nx )
	2047	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	2048	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i)**2
[2938]	2049	ENDDO
[4438]	2050	ENDDO
[2938]	2051
[4309]	2052	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	2053	!
	2054	!-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers
	2055	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, &
	2056	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	2057	#endif
[2938]	2058	!
[4438]	2059	!-- Compute standard deviation
	2060	IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2061	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv )
	2062	ELSE
	2063	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp
[4309]	2064	ENDIF
	2065	!
[4438]	2066	!-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance
	2067	rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv
	2068
	2069	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' )
[4309]	2070	!
[4438]	2071	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There
	2072	!-- are two options. In the first one, the computation of the seeds is
	2073	!-- distributed to all processes along the communicator comm1dx and
	2074	!-- gathered on the southmost and, if necessary, on the northmost process.
	2075	!-- For huge length scales the computational effort can become quite huge
	2076	!-- (it scales with the turbulent length scales), so that gain by parallelization
	2077	!-- exceeds the costs by the subsequent communication.
	2078	!-- In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales
	2079	!-- are parametrized and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed
	2080	!-- locally and no communication is necessary.
	2081	IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
[2938]	2082
[4438]	2083	f_n = 0.0_wp
	2084	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2085	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	2086	DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k)
	2087	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	2088	f_n(k,i) = f_n(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	2089	ENDDO
[2938]	2090	ENDDO
	2091	ENDDO
	2092	ENDDO
	2093
[4438]	2094	ELSE
[2938]	2095
[4438]	2096	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	2097	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2098	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	2099	DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k)
	2100	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	2101	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	2102	ENDDO
	2103	ENDDO
	2104	ENDDO
	2105	ENDDO
[2938]	2106	!
[4438]	2107	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	2108	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	2109	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2938]	2110
	2111	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	2112	!
[4438]	2113	!-- Gather the processed velocity seed on south boundary mpi ranks.
	2114	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
	2115	f_n(nzb+1,nxl), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	2116	id_south, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	2117	!
[4438]	2118	!-- Gather the processed velocity seed on north boundary mpi ranks.
	2119	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
	2120	f_n(nzb+1,nxl), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	2121	id_north, comm1dy, ierr )
[2938]	2122	#else
[4438]	2123	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr)
[4444]	2124	!
	2125	!-- Next line required to avoid compile errors because of unused dummy arguments
	2126	IF ( id_north == 0 ) id_south = 0
[2938]	2127	#endif
	2128
[4438]	2129	ENDIF
	2130
	2131	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	2132
	2133	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' )
	2134
[2938]	2135	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	2136
[3347]	2137	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2138	! Description:
	2139	! ------------
	2140	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
	2141	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
	2142	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
	2143	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
	2144	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2145	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	2146
	2147	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2148
	2149	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
	2150
	2151	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2152	!
[4022]	2153	!-- Calculate function to gradually decrease Reynolds stress above ABL top.
	2154	!-- The function decreases to 1/10 after one length scale above the
	2155	!-- ABL top.
	2156	blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) )
[3347]	2157	!
[4022]	2158	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
	2159	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
[3347]	2160	!
[4022]	2161	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
[4438]	2162	!-- to the denominator, else the mergpe-function can crash if scale_l is
[4022]	2163	!-- zero.
	2164	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
	2165	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
	2166	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
	2167	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
	2168	0.0_wp, &
	2169	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
	2170	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
	2171	) * blend
	2172
	2173	r22(k) = r11(k)
	2174	!
	2175	!-- w'w'
	2176	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	2177	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	2178	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	2179	) * blend
	2180	!
	2181	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
	2182	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( 1.01_wp - MIN( zzi, 1.0_wp ) ) * blend
	2183	r32(k) = r31(k)
[3347]	2184	!
[4022]	2185	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
	2186	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
	2187	r21(k) = r31(k)
[3347]	2188	ENDDO
	2189
	2190	!
	2191	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	2192	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2193	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	2194	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	2195
	2196	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2197	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	2198	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	2199
	2200
	2201	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	2202
	2203	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2204	! Description:
	2205	! ------------
	2206	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	2207	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2208	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	2209
	2210	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2211
	2212	!
	2213	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	2214	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[4022]	2215	IF ( r11(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2216	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
	2217	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	2218	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	2219	ELSE
	2220	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2221	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2222	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2223	ENDIF
	2224	ENDDO
	2225	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2226	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
[4022]	2227	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2228	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
	2229	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
	2230	ELSE
	2231	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2232	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2233	ENDIF
	2234	ENDDO
	2235	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2236	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
[4022]	2237	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2238	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	2239	ELSE
	2240	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2241	ENDIF
	2242	ENDDO
	2243	!
	2244	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	2245	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	2246	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	2247	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
	2248	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
	2249	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
	2250	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
	2251
	2252	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	2253
	2254	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2255	! Description:
	2256	! ------------
	2257	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
	2258	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	2259	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2260	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2261
[3987]	2262	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'start' )
[3347]	2263	!
[4022]	2264	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral
	2265	!-- boundary, i.e. in the case no offline or self nesting is applied but
	2266	!-- synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized nevertheless, the
	2267	!-- boundary-layer depth need to determined first.
	2268	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
	2269	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
	2270	!
	2271	!-- Compute scaling parameters (domain-averaged), such as friction velocity
	2272	!-- are calculated.
[3347]	2273	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	2274	!
	2275	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
	2276	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	2277	!
	2278	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	2279	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	2280	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	2281	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	2282	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	2283	!
	2284	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	2285	!-- (Lund rotation)
	2286	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	2287	!
	2288	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
	2289	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
	2290	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	2291	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
	2292	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
	2293	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	2294	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
	2295	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
	2296	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	2297	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	2298	!
	2299	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	2300	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
[3987]	2301
	2302	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'end' )
[3347]	2303
	2304	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2305
	2306
	2307	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2308	! Description:
	2309	! ------------
	2310	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
	2311	!> from measurements.
	2312	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2313	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2314
[4022]	2315	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[3347]	2316
[4022]	2317	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_dum !< effectively used length scale
	2318
[3347]	2319	!
	2320	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
	2321	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
	2322	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
	2323	!
	2324	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
	2325	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
	2326	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
	2327	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
	2328	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
	2329	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
	2330	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
	2331	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
	2332	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
	2333	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2334	!
[4022]	2335	!-- Determine blending parameter. Within the boundary layer length scales
	2336	!-- are constant, while above lengths scales approach gradully zero,
	2337	!-- i.e. imposed turbulence is not correlated in space and time,
	2338	!-- just white noise, which saves computations power as the loops for the
	2339	!-- computation of the filter functions depend on the length scales.
	2340	!-- The value decreases to 1/10 after one length scale above the
	2341	!-- ABL top.
	2342	blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) )
[3347]	2343	!
[4022]	2344	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	2345	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
[4438]	2346	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
[4022]	2347	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
[4438]	2348	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
[4022]	2349	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
[4438]	2350	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
[3347]	2351	!
[4022]	2352	!-- Along the vertical direction limit the length scale further by the
	2353	!-- boundary-layer depth to assure that no length scales larger than
	2354	!-- the boundary-layer depth are used
	2355	length_scale_dum = MIN( length_scale, zi_ribulk )
	2356
	2357	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
	2358	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
	2359	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
[3347]	2360	!
[4022]	2361	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
	2362	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
	2363	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
	2364	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
	2365	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
	2366	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2367	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) ) * blend
	2368	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2369	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) ) * blend
	2370	!
	2371	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
	2372	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 ) * blend
	2373
[3347]	2374	ENDDO
	2375	!
	2376	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	2377	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	2378	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	2379	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	2380	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	2381	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	2382	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	2383	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	2384	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	2385	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	2386
	2387	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	2388	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	2389	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
	2390
	2391
	2392	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2393
	2394	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2395	! Description:
	2396	! ------------
	2397	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
	2398	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
	2399	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
	2400	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2401	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2402
	2403	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	2404	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	2405	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2406	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
	2407
	2408	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
[3937]	2409	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
	2410	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
	2411	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
[3347]	2412	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2413	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2414	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2415
	2416	!
[3937]	2417	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and
	2418	!-- near-surface temperature in the model domain.
	2419	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2420	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2421	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
	2422	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
[3347]	2423	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[3937]	2424	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	2425	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
	2426	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	2427	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
	2428	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2429	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
	2430	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2431	ENDDO
	2432	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[3937]	2433	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	2434	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
	2435	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	2436	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
	2437	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2438	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
	2439	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2440	ENDDO
	2441	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[3937]	2442	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	2443	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
	2444	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	2445	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
	2446	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2447	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
	2448	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2449	ENDDO
	2450
	2451	#if defined( __parallel )
[3937]	2452	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2453	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2454	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2455	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2456	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2457	comm2d, ierr )
	2458	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2459	comm2d, ierr )
[3347]	2460	#else
[3937]	2461	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2462	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2463	scale_l = scale_l_l
	2464	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
[3347]	2465	#endif
	2466
[3937]	2467	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2468	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2469	scale_l = scale_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2470	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[3347]	2471	!
	2472	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
	2473	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
	2474	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3937]	2475	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[3347]	2476	ELSE
	2477	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2478	ENDIF
	2479	!
	2480	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
	2481	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
	2482	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
	2483	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2484
	2485	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2486
[2259]	2487	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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