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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 4051

Last change on this file since 4051 was 4022, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Synthetic turbulence generator: Revise bias correction of imposed perturbations (correction via volume flow can create instabilities in case the mean volume flow is close to zero); Introduce lower limits in calculation of coefficient matrix, else the calculation may become numerically unstable; Impose perturbations every timestep, even though no new set of perturbations is generated in case dt_stg_call /= dt_3d; Implement a gradual decrease of Reynolds stress and length scales above ABL height (within 1 length scale above ABL depth to 1/10) rather than an abrupt decline; Bugfix in non-nested case: use ABL height for parametrized turbulence; Offline nesting: Rename subroutine for ABL height calculation and make it public; Change top boundary condition for pressure back to Neumann
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File size: 99.0 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[2696]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
[2259]	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
	9	!
[2696]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
[2259]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3885]	17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2259]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
	22	!
[3349]	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 4022 2019-06-12 11:52:39Z suehring $
[4022]	27	! Several bugfixes and improvements
	28	! - revise bias correction of the imposed perturbations (correction via volume
	29	! flow can create instabilities in case the mean volume flow is close to zero)
	30	! - introduce lower limits in calculation of coefficient matrix, else the
	31	! calculation may become numerically unstable
	32	! - impose perturbations every timestep, even though no new set of perturbations
	33	! is generated in case dt_stg_call /= dt_3d
	34	! - Implement a gradual decrease of Reynolds stress and length scales above
	35	! ABL height (within 1 length scale above ABL depth to 1/10) rather than a
	36	! discontinuous decrease
	37	! - Bugfix in non-nested case: use ABL height for parametrized turbulence
	38	!
	39	! 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z kanani
[3987]	40	! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping
	41	!
	42	! 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z suehring
[3938]	43	! Remove unused variables
	44	!
	45	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
[3937]	46	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not
	47	! present.
	48	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling
	49	! parameters used for synthetic turbulence parametrization.
	50	!
	51	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
[3909]	52	! Minor bugfix for last commit
	53	!
	54	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
[3900]	55	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
	56	!
	57	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
[3891]	58	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
	59	!
	60	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	61	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	62	! of additional debug messages
	63	!
	64	!
[3775]	65	! removed unused variables
	66	!
	67	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
[3719]	68	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
	69	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
	70	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
	71	!
	72	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
[3646]	73	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
	74	! when using wall/soil spinup)
	75	!
	76	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
[3579]	77	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
	78	! generator in case of topography
	79	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
	80	! nesting
	81	!
	82	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
[3376]	83	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
	84	!
	85	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
[3349]	86	! Fix for format descriptor
	87	!
	88	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
[3347]	89	! - Revise structure of init routine
	90	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
	91	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
	92	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
	93	!
	94	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
[3289]	95	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
	96	!
	97	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
[3274]	98	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	99	!
	100	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
[3248]	101	! Minor formating changes
	102	!
	103	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
[3246]	104	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
	105	!
	106	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	107	! unused variables removed
	108	!
	109	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
[3186]	110	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
	111	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
	112	!
	113	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
[3183]	114	! Rename variables and extend error message
	115	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
	116	!
	117	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
[3065]	118	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
	119	! by dz(1)
	120	!
	121	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
[3051]	122	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
[3049]	123	!
	124	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3051]	125	! Error messages revised
[3045]	126	!
	127	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
[3044]	128	! Add missing variable descriptions
	129	!
	130	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
[3038]	131	! updated variable descriptions
	132	!
	133	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	134	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
[3038]	135	!
[2967]	136	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
[2946]	137	! Remove unused module load
[3038]	138	!
[2946]	139	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
[3038]	140	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
	141	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
[2945]	142	! the x- and y-dimension
[3038]	143	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
	144	!
[2945]	145	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
[3038]	146	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
	147	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
	148	!
[2938]	149	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
[3038]	150	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
	151	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
	152	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
	153	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
[2894]	154	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
[3038]	155	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
	156	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
	157	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
	158	!
[2894]	159	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
[2841]	160	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
[3038]	161	!
[2841]	162	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
[3038]	163	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
[2836]	164	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
	165	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
[3038]	166	! data
	167	!
[2776]	168	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
[2716]	169	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[3038]	170	!
[2716]	171	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	172	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	173	!
	174	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	175	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
	176	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
[3038]	177	!
[2669]	178	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[3038]	179	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
[2576]	180	! parameters during reading restart data
[3038]	181	!
[2576]	182	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	183	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
[3038]	184	!
[2563]	185	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
[2259]	186	! Initial revision
	187	!
	188	!
[3038]	189	!
[2259]	190	! Authors:
	191	! --------
[3347]	192	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	193	!
[2259]	194	!
	195	!
	196	! Description:
	197	! ------------
	198	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
	199	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
	200	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	201	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
	202	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
	203	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
[3347]	204	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
	205	!> within the boundary layer.
[2259]	206	!>
	207	!> @todo test restart
	208	!> enable cyclic_fill
	209	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2945]	210	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
[2259]	211	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
	212	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
	213	!> must match with current PALM grid.
	214	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
	215	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
	216	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	217	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	218
	219
	220	USE arrays_3d, &
[4022]	221	ONLY: dzw, &
	222	ddzw, &
	223	drho_air, &
	224	mean_inflow_profiles, &
	225	q, &
	226	pt, &
	227	u, &
	228	u_init, &
	229	v, &
	230	v_init, &
	231	w, &
	232	zu, &
	233	zw
[2259]	234
[3274]	235	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[4022]	236	ONLY: g, &
	237	kappa, &
	238	pi
[2259]	239
	240	USE control_parameters, &
[4022]	241	ONLY: bc_lr, &
	242	bc_ns, &
	243	child_domain, &
	244	coupling_char, &
	245	debug_output_timestep, &
	246	dt_3d, &
	247	e_init, &
[3885]	248	initializing_actions, &
[4022]	249	intermediate_timestep_count, &
	250	intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	251	length, &
[3885]	252	message_string, &
[4022]	253	nesting_offline, &
[3885]	254	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
[4022]	255	rans_mode, &
	256	restart_string, &
	257	syn_turb_gen, &
	258	time_since_reference_point, &
	259	turbulent_inflow
	260
	261	USE grid_variables, &
	262	ONLY: ddx, &
	263	ddy, &
	264	dx, &
	265	dy
[2259]	266
	267	USE indices, &
[4022]	268	ONLY: nbgp, &
	269	nz, &
	270	nzb, &
	271	nzt, &
	272	nx, &
	273	nxl, &
	274	nxlu, &
	275	nxlg, &
	276	nxr, &
	277	nxrg, &
	278	ny, &
	279	nys, &
	280	nysv, &
	281	nyn, &
	282	nyng, &
	283	nysg, &
	284	wall_flags_0
[2259]	285
	286	USE kinds
	287
[2967]	288	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
[2259]	289	USE MPI
[2841]	290	#endif
[2259]	291
[3347]	292	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
[4022]	293	ONLY: nesting_offl_calc_zi, &
	294	zi_ribulk
[3347]	295
[2259]	296	USE pegrid, &
[4022]	297	ONLY: comm1dx, &
	298	comm1dy, &
	299	comm2d, &
	300	ierr, &
	301	myidx, &
	302	myidy, &
	303	pdims
	304
	305	USE pmc_interface, &
	306	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	307
	308	USE transpose_indices, &
[4022]	309	ONLY: nzb_x, &
	310	nzt_x
[2259]	311
	312
	313	IMPLICIT NONE
	314
[2967]	315	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
[2841]	316	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
	317	#endif
	318
[3182]	319
[3347]	320	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
	321	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	322	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
[2259]	323
[3038]	324	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	325	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	326	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	327	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[2938]	328	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	329	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	330	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	331	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	332	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
	333	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
[3038]	334	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	335	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	336	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	337	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[2259]	338
[4022]	339	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz cross-sections,
	340	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	341	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz cross-sections,
	342	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	343
[3347]	344	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	345	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	346	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	347	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	348	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	349	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	350	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	351	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	352	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	353	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	354	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	355	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	356	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
	357	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
[2259]	358
[4022]	359	REAL(wp) :: blend !< value to create gradually and smooth blending of Reynolds stress and length
	360	!< scales above the boundary layer
	361	REAL(wp) :: blend_coeff = -2.3_wp !< coefficient used to ensure that blending functions decreases to 1/10 after
	362	!< one length scale above ABL top
	363	REAL(wp) :: d_l !< blend_coeff/length_scale
	364	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< length scale, default is 8 x minimum grid spacing
[3347]	365	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
	366	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
	367	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	368	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	369	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	370	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	371	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	372
[4022]	373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< correction factor for the u,v,w-components to maintain original mass flux
[3347]	374
[4022]	375
[3347]	376	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	377	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	378	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	379	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	380	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	381	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	382
	383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
[2259]	392
[3347]	393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	414
	415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
	416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
[2259]	417
	418	!
	419	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	420	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	421	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	422	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	423	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	424	!
[2259]	425	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	426	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	427	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	428	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	429
	430	!
	431	!-- Calculate filter functions
	432	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	433	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	434	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	435
	436	!
[2938]	437	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	438	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	439	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	440	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	441	!
	442	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	443	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	444	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	445	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	446
	447	!
	448	!-- Output of information to the header file
	449	INTERFACE stg_header
	450	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	451	END INTERFACE stg_header
	452
	453	!
	454	!-- Initialization actions
	455	INTERFACE stg_init
	456	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	457	END INTERFACE stg_init
	458
	459	!
	460	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	461	INTERFACE stg_main
	462	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	463	END INTERFACE stg_main
	464
	465	!
	466	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	467	INTERFACE stg_parin
	468	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	469	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	470
	471	!
	472	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	473	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
	474	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
	475	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	476
	477	!
	478	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	479	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	480	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	481	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	482
	483	SAVE
	484
	485	PRIVATE
	486
	487	!
	488	!-- Public interfaces
[3347]	489	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
	490	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
[2259]	491
	492	!
	493	!-- Public variables
[3347]	494	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
	495	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	496	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	497
	498
	499	CONTAINS
	500
	501
	502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	503	! Description:
	504	! ------------
	505	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
	506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	507	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	508
	509	IMPLICIT NONE
	510
[3182]	511	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	512	nesting_offline ) THEN
[3376]	513	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	514	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
	515	'in LES mode.'
	516	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	517	ENDIF
	518
[3182]	519	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	520	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[3376]	521	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
[2938]	522	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
	523	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	524	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	525	ENDIF
	526
[2776]	527	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	528
[3579]	529	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	530	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	531	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	532	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
	533	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	534
	535	ENDIF
	536
	537	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
	538	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	539	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	540	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
	541	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	542
	543	ENDIF
	544
[3182]	545	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	546
[2938]	547	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	548	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	549	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	550	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
	551	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
	552	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	553	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	554	ENDIF
	555
	556	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
	557	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	558	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
	559	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	560	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	561	ENDIF
	562	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
	563	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	564	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
[3347]	565	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	566	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	567	ENDIF
	568
[2259]	569	ENDIF
	570
	571	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
	572	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[2938]	573	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
	574	'is not allowed'
[2259]	575	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	576	ENDIF
	577
	578	ENDIF
	579
	580	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	581
	582
	583	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	584	! Description:
	585	! ------------
	586	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
	587	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	588	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	589
	590
	591	IMPLICIT NONE
	592
	593	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	594
	595	!
	596	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	597	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	598	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	599	WRITE( io, 2 )
	600	ELSE
	601	WRITE( io, 3 )
	602	ENDIF
[3347]	603
	604	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	605	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	606	ELSE
	607	WRITE( io, 5 )
	608	ENDIF
[2259]	609
	610	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
	611	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	612	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	613	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	614	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	615	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	616
	617	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	618
	619
	620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	621	! Description:
	622	! ------------
	623	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
	624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	625	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	626
	627	IMPLICIT NONE
	628
[3347]	629	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
[2938]	630
[2669]	631	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	632	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	633	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	634	#endif
[2259]	635
[2938]	636	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
[2259]	637	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	638	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
	639	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	640	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
	641	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
	642	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
[4022]	643
	644	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz-cross-section on subdomain
	645	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz-cross-section on subdomain
[2259]	646	!
	647	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
	648	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	649	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	650	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	651	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	652	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	653	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	654	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	655	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	656	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	657	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[3038]	658	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[2259]	659	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
	660
[2938]	661
[2259]	662	#if defined( __parallel )
	663	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	664	#endif
	665
[2669]	666	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	667	!
[2938]	668	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	669	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
[2945]	670	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	671	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	672
[3038]	673	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
[2945]	674	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	675
[3182]	676	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	677	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	678	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
[2945]	679	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	680	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	681
[2945]	682	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
[3038]	683	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	684	ENDIF
	685
	686	!
[2259]	687	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
	688	!-- velocity seeds
	689	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	690	extent = 1 * realsize
[2938]	691	!
[3038]	692	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
	693	!-- layer
[2938]	694	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[2259]	695	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
	696	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	697	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	698	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
	699	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	700
[2938]	701	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	702	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
[2259]	703	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	704	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	705	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	706	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	707
	708	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[2938]	709	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
[2259]	710
[2938]	711	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	712	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
[2259]	713
	714	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
[2938]	715	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2259]	716	ENDDO
[2938]	717	!
[3038]	718	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
	719	!-- layer
[2938]	720	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[3182]	721	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	722	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2945]	723	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	724	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	725	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	726	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	727	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	728
	729	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	730	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	731	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	732	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	733	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	734	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	735
	736	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
	737	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
	738
	739	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	740	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
	741
	742	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	743	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	744	ENDDO
	745
	746	ENDIF
	747
[2669]	748	#endif
[2259]	749	!
	750	!-- Define seed of random number
	751	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
	752	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
	753	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
	754	DO j = 1, nseed
	755	seed(j) = startseed + j
	756	ENDDO
	757	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
[3347]	758	!
	759	!-- Allocate required arrays
	760	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
	761	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	762	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
	763	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
	764	ENDIF
[2259]	765
[3347]	766	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	767	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	768	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	769	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	770	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	771	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	772	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	773	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	774
	775	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
	776	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
	777	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	778	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	779	!
[2259]	780	!-- Read inflow profile
	781	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
	782	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
	783	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
	784	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[2938]	785	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	786	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	787
[2938]	788	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	789
[2938]	790	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
	791	FORM='FORMATTED')
	792	!
	793	!-- Skip header
	794	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	795
[3182]	796	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[2938]	797	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
	798	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
	799	d1, d2, d3, d5
	800
[2259]	801	!
[3182]	802	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[2938]	803	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
[3182]	804	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	805	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
[3182]	806	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	807	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
[3182]	808	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	809	!
	810	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
	811	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	812	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	813	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	814	!
	815	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	816	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	817	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	818	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	819	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	820	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	821	ENDIF
	822	ENDDO
[3182]	823	!
	824	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
	825	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	826	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	827	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	828	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	829	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	830	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	831
[2938]	832	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	833	!
	834	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	835	!-- (Lund rotation)
	836	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	837	!
	838	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
	839	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
	840	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
	841	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	842	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
	843	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	844	ELSE
[2259]	845	!
[4022]	846	!-- Define length scale for the imposed turbulence, which is defined as
	847	!-- 8 times the minimum grid spacing
	848	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) )
	849	!
	850	!-- Define constant to gradually decrease length scales and Reynolds stress
	851	!-- above ABL top. Assure that no zero length scales are used.
	852	d_l = blend_coeff / MAX( length_scale, dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) )
	853	!
[3347]	854	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	855	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	856	!
[4022]	857	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral
	858	!-- boundary, i.e. in the case no offline or self nesting is applied but
	859	!-- synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized nevertheless, the
	860	!-- boundary-layer depth need to determined first.
	861	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
	862	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
	863	!
[3347]	864	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
	865	!-- scales
	866	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	867	!
	868	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
	869	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
	870	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
[3891]	871	!
	872	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	873	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	874	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	875	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	876	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	877	!
	878	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	879	!-- (Lund rotation)
	880	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
[3347]	881
[2938]	882	ENDIF
	883
[2259]	884	!
[3347]	885	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
	886	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
	887	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[3182]	888	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	889	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	890	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	891	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
	892	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	893	ENDIF
[3347]	894
[2938]	895	!
[2259]	896	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
	897	merg = 0
	898
	899	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
	900	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[2938]	901	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
	902	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
	903	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
[2259]	904	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
	905	ENDDO
	906
	907	merg = 2 * merg
	908	mergp = merg + nbgp
	909
[2938]	910	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	911	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	912	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	913	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	914	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	915	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	916	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	917	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	918	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
[2259]	919
	920	!
[2938]	921	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
	922	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	923	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	924	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
[2259]	925
[2938]	926	!
	927	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
	928	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	929	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	930	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
[2259]	931
[2938]	932	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	933	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	934	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	935	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	936	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	937	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	938
	939	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	940	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	941	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	942	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	943	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	944	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	945
[2259]	946	!
	947	!-- Create filter functions
[2938]	948	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
[2259]	949	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	950	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
[2938]	951	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
[2259]	952	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	953	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
[2938]	954	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
[2259]	955	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	956	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	957
	958	#if defined( __parallel )
	959	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	960	#endif
	961
	962	!
[2938]	963	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
	964	! time step.
	965	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
	966	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	967	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	968	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	969
	970	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	971	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	972
[2259]	973	DO j = nysg, nyng
	974	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	975	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[4022]	976	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	977	ELSE
[2938]	978	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	979	ENDIF
	980
	981	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[4022]	982	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) - &
	983	a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	984	ELSE
[2938]	985	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	986	ENDIF
	987
	988	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[4022]	989	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) - &
	990	a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - a32(k) * &
	991	fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	992	ELSE
[2938]	993	fw_yz = 0._wp
[2259]	994	ENDIF
	995
	996	ENDDO
	997	ENDDO
	998	ENDIF
[3900]	999
	1000	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1001
	1002	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
	1003	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1004
	1005	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1006	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1007
	1008	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[4022]	1009	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[3900]	1010	ELSE
	1011	fu_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
	1012	ENDIF
	1013
	1014	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[4022]	1015	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) - &
	1016	a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[3900]	1017	ELSE
	1018	fv_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
	1019	ENDIF
	1020
	1021	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[4022]	1022	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) - &
	1023	a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
	1024	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
[3900]	1025	ELSE
	1026	fw_xz = 0._wp
	1027	ENDIF
	1028
	1029	ENDDO
	1030	ENDDO
	1031	ENDIF
[2259]	1032	ENDIF
[4022]	1033	!
	1034	!-- Count the number of non-topography grid points at the boundaries where
	1035	!-- perturbations are imposed. This number is later used for bias corrections
	1036	!-- of the perturbations, i.e. to force that their mean is zero. Please note,
	1037	!-- due to the asymetry of u and v along x and y direction, respectively,
	1038	!-- different cases must be distinguished.
	1039	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	1040	!
	1041	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u
	1042	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1043	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1044
	1045	nr_non_topo_yz_l(1) = SUM( &
	1046	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	1047	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
	1048	!
	1049	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v and w
	1050	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1051	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1052
	1053	nr_non_topo_yz_l(2) = SUM( &
	1054	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	1055	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
	1056	nr_non_topo_yz_l(3) = SUM( &
	1057	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	1058	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
	1059
	1060	#if defined( __parallel )
	1061	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_yz_l, nr_non_topo_yz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1062	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1063	#else
	1064	nr_non_topo_yz = nr_non_topo_yz_l
	1065	#endif
	1066	ENDIF
	1067
	1068	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1069	!
	1070	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v
	1071	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1072	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1073
	1074	nr_non_topo_xz_l(2) = SUM( &
	1075	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	1076	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
	1077	!
	1078	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u and w
	1079	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1080	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1081
	1082	nr_non_topo_xz_l(1) = SUM( &
	1083	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	1084	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
	1085	nr_non_topo_xz_l(3) = SUM( &
	1086	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	1087	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
	1088
	1089	#if defined( __parallel )
	1090	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_xz_l, nr_non_topo_xz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1091	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1092	#else
	1093	nr_non_topo_xz = nr_non_topo_xz_l
	1094	#endif
	1095	ENDIF
[2259]	1096
[4022]	1097
[2259]	1098	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	1099
	1100
	1101	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1102	! Description:
	1103	! ------------
	1104	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	1105	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	1106	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1107	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
	1108
	1109
	1110	IMPLICIT NONE
	1111
	1112	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	1113	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	1114	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
	1115	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
	1116
	1117	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	1118	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	1119
	1120	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
	1121
	1122	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
	1123
	1124
	1125	bxx = 0.0_wp
	1126
	1127	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1128	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	1129	n_k = nxx(k)
	1130	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	1131	n_k2 = n_k * 2
	1132
	1133	!
	1134	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
	1135	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	1136	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
	1137	ENDDO
	1138
	1139	!
	1140	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	1141	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
	1142	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	1143	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
	1144	ENDDO
	1145	ENDIF
	1146	ENDDO
	1147
[3347]	1148	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	1149
	1150
	1151	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1152	! Description:
	1153	! ------------
	1154	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
	1155	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1156	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1157
	1158
	1159	IMPLICIT NONE
	1160
	1161	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1162
	1163
[3347]	1164	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1165
	1166	line = ' '
	1167
	1168	!
	1169	!-- Try to find stg package
	1170	REWIND ( 11 )
	1171	line = ' '
	1172	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1173	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
[2259]	1174	ENDDO
	1175	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1176
	1177	!
	1178	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	1179	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	1180
	1181	!
	1182	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
	1183	!-- on
[2776]	1184	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	1185	GOTO 20
[2259]	1186
[3246]	1187	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1188	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1189	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	1190
[3246]	1191	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	1192
	1193	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1194
	1195
	1196	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1197	! Description:
	1198	! ------------
[2894]	1199	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
[2576]	1200	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1201	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
[2576]	1202
	1203
[2894]	1204	IMPLICIT NONE
[2576]	1205
[3044]	1206	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	1207
	1208
[2894]	1209	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1210
[3038]	1211
[2894]	1212	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[4022]	1213
	1214	CASE ( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1215	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_adjust
	1216
	1217	CASE ( 'time_stg_call' )
	1218	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_call
	1219
[2894]	1220	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1221	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1222
[2894]	1223	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1224
[3038]	1225	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1226
[2894]	1227	END SELECT
[2259]	1228
	1229
[2894]	1230	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	1231
	1232
	1233	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1234	! Description:
	1235	! ------------
	1236	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	1237	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1238	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1239
	1240
	1241	IMPLICIT NONE
[4022]	1242
	1243	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1244	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_adjust
	1245
	1246	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_call' )
	1247	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_call
[2259]	1248
[2894]	1249	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1250	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1251
	1252
[2894]	1253	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1254
[2894]	1255
[2259]	1256	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1257	! Description:
	1258	! ------------
	1259	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
	1260	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
	1261	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
	1262	!> (Lund, 1998).
	1263	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1264	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1265
	1266	IMPLICIT NONE
	1267
[2938]	1268	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
[2259]	1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1270	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[4022]	1271
	1272	LOGICAL :: stg_call = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating whether turbulence was updated or only restored from last call
[2259]	1273
	1274	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
[4022]	1275
	1276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
[2259]	1277
[3987]	1278	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'start' )
[2259]	1279	!
	1280	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3775]	1281	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
[2259]	1282	!
[4022]	1283	!-- Check if synthetic turbulence generator needs to be called and new
	1284	!-- perturbations need to be created or if old disturbances can be imposed
	1285	!-- again.
	1286	IF ( time_stg_call >= dt_stg_call .AND. &
	1287	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1288	stg_call = .TRUE.
	1289	ELSE
	1290	stg_call = .FALSE.
	1291	ENDIF
	1292	!
[2259]	1293	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
[3646]	1294	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[2938]	1295	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1296	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1297	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1298
[3182]	1299	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1300	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1301	!
	1302	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1303	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
	1304	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
	1305	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
	1306	!
	1307	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1308	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
	1309	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
	1310	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
	1311	!
	1312	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1313	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
	1314	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
	1315	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
	1316	ENDIF
[2259]	1317	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1318	ENDIF
[3347]	1319
[2259]	1320	!
	1321	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
[4022]	1322	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
	1323	!
	1324	!-- Generate turbulence at left boundary (required in all applications,
	1325	!-- i.e. offline nesting and turbulent inflow from the left)
	1326	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1327	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1328	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1329
	1330	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1331	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	1332	!
	1333	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1334	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1335	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1336	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1337	!
	1338	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1339	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1340	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1341	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1342	!
	1343	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1344	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1345	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1346	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1347	ENDIF
[2938]	1348	ENDIF
[3347]	1349
[2938]	1350	!
	1351	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
	1352	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[2259]	1353	!
[4022]	1354	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and
	1355	!-- when dt_stg_call is exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is
	1356	!-- imposed
	1357	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
	1358
	1359	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1360	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1361	!
	1362	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1363	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1364	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
	1365	ELSE
	1366	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1367	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1368	ENDIF
	1369
	1370	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1371	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
	1372	ELSE
	1373	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1374	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
	1375	ENDIF
	1376
	1377	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1378	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
	1379	ELSE
	1380	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1381	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
	1382	ENDIF
	1383	ENDDO
	1384	ENDDO
	1385
	1386	dist_yz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1387	dist_yz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1388	dist_yz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
	1389
	1390	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1391	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1392	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1393	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1394	!
	1395	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1396	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1397	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1398	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1399	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1400	ENDDO
	1401	ENDDO
	1402
	1403	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1404	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1405	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1406	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1407	!
	1408	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1409	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1410	!-- experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1411	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1412	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1413	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
[4022]	1414	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1415	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1416	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1417	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1418	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1419	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1420	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
[4022]	1421	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1422	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1423	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
	1424	ENDDO
[2259]	1425	ENDDO
[4022]	1426	ENDIF
[2259]	1427
	1428	!
	1429	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1430	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
[4022]	1431	!-- inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed
	1432	!-- perturbations at yz boundary.
	1433	!-- Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep, else
	1434	!-- the boundary values won't be accessed.
	1435	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1436	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1437	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1438	!
	1439	!-- Sum up the original volume flows (with and without perturbations).
	1440	!-- Note, for non-normal components (here v and w) it is actually no
	1441	!-- volume flow.
[2938]	1442	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1443	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4022]	1444
	1445	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,1) &
	1446	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1447	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
	1448
	1449	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1450	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1451
	1452	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,2) &
	1453	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1454	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
	1455	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,3) &
	1456	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1457	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
	1458
[2938]	1459	#if defined( __parallel )
	1460	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
[4022]	1461	3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1462	#else
	1463	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1464	#endif
[4022]	1465	!
	1466	!-- Calculate correction factor and force zero mean perturbations.
	1467	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_yz, KIND = wp )
	1468
	1469	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1470	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1471
	1472	dist_yz(:,:,1) = ( dist_yz(:,:,1) - mc_factor(1) ) &
	1473	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1474	BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,:,i), 1 ) )
	1475
	1476
	1477	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1478	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1479
	1480	dist_yz(:,:,2) = ( dist_yz(:,:,2) - mc_factor(2) ) &
	1481	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1482	BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,:,i), 2 ) )
	1483
	1484	dist_yz(:,:,3) = ( dist_yz(:,:,3) - mc_factor(3) ) &
	1485	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1486	BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,:,i), 3 ) )
	1487	!
[2938]	1488	!-- Add disturbances
	1489	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[4022]	1490	!
	1491	!-- For the left boundary distinguish between mesoscale offline / self
	1492	!-- nesting and turbulent inflow at the left boundary only. In the latter
	1493	!-- case turbulence is imposed on the mean inflow profiles.
	1494	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	1495	!
	1496	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
	1497	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1498	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1499	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
	1500	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1501	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1502	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
	1503	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
	1504	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1505	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1506	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1507	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) &
	1508	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1509	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1510	ENDDO
[2938]	1511	ENDDO
[4022]	1512	ELSE
	1513
	1514	DO j = nys, nyn
	1515	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1516	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1517	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1518	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
	1519	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
	1520	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1521	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1522	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1523	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1524	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1525	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
	1526	ENDDO
	1527	ENDDO
	1528	ENDIF
[2938]	1529	ENDIF
	1530	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1531	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1532	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1533	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
[4022]	1534	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1535	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
[3186]	1536	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
[4022]	1537	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1538	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
[3186]	1539	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
[4022]	1540	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1541	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1542	ENDDO
	1543	ENDDO
	1544	ENDIF
	1545	ENDIF
	1546	ENDIF
	1547	!
	1548	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1549	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1550	!
[4022]	1551	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and
	1552	!-- when dt_stg_call is exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is
	1553	!-- imposed
	1554	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
	1555	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1556	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1557	!
	1558	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1559	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1560	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1561	ELSE
	1562	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1563	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1564	ENDIF
	1565
	1566	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1567	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1568	ELSE
	1569	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1570	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
	1571	ENDIF
	1572
	1573	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1574	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1575	ELSE
	1576	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1577	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
	1578	ENDIF
	1579	ENDDO
	1580	ENDDO
	1581
	1582
	1583	dist_xz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1584	dist_xz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1585	dist_xz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
	1586
	1587	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1588	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1589	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1590	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1591	!
	1592	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1593	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1594	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1595	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1596	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1597	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
[4022]	1598	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1599	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1600	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1601	ENDDO
	1602	ENDDO
	1603
	1604	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1605	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1606	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1607	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1608	!
	1609	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1610	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1611	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1612	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1613	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1614
[3347]	1615	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1616	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1617	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1618	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
[4022]	1619	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1620	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1621	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
	1622	ENDDO
[2938]	1623	ENDDO
[4022]	1624	ENDIF
[3347]	1625
[2938]	1626	!
	1627	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1628	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
[4022]	1629	!-- inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed
	1630	!-- perturbations at yz boundary.
	1631	!-- Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep, else
	1632	!-- the boundary values won't be accessed.
	1633	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1634	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1635	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1636
	1637	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1638	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1639
	1640	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,2) &
	1641	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1642	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
	1643
	1644	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1645	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1646
	1647	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxlu:nxr,1) &
	1648	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1649	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
	1650	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,3) &
	1651	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1652	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
	1653
[2938]	1654	#if defined( __parallel )
[4022]	1655	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
	1656	3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1657	#else
	1658	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1659	#endif
[4022]	1660
	1661	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_xz, KIND = wp )
	1662
	1663	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1664	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1665
	1666	dist_xz(:,:,2) = ( dist_xz(:,:,2) - mc_factor(2) ) &
	1667	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1668	BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,:), 2 ) )
	1669
	1670
	1671	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1672	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1673
	1674	dist_xz(:,:,1) = ( dist_xz(:,:,1) - mc_factor(1) ) &
	1675	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1676	BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,:), 1 ) )
	1677
	1678	dist_xz(:,:,3) = ( dist_xz(:,:,3) - mc_factor(3) ) &
	1679	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1680	BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,:), 3 ) )
	1681	!
	1682	!-- Add disturbances
	1683	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1684	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1685	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1686	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1687	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1688	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
	1689	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1690	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1691	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
	1692	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
	1693	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1694	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1695	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
	1696	ENDDO
[2938]	1697	ENDDO
[4022]	1698	ENDIF
	1699	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1700
	1701	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1702	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1703	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1704	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1705	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
	1706	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1707	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1708	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
	1709	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1710	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1711	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
	1712	ENDDO
[2938]	1713	ENDDO
[4022]	1714	ENDIF
[2938]	1715	ENDIF
[2259]	1716	ENDIF
[3347]	1717	!
	1718	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
[4022]	1719	IF ( stg_call ) time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1720
[3987]	1721	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'end' )
	1722
[2259]	1723	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1724
	1725	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1726	! Description:
	1727	! ------------
	1728	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1729	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1730	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
	1731	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1732	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1733	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2938]	1734	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
[2259]	1735
	1736	IMPLICIT NONE
	1737
[2938]	1738	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
[2259]	1739	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1740	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1741	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1742	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1743	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1744
	1745	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1746	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1747	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
	1748	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1749
	1750	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1751	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1752	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1753
[3347]	1754	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1755	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1756	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
[2259]	1757	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1758	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1759
	1760
	1761	!
	1762	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1763	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1764	!-- unit variance.
	1765	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
	1766
	1767	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1768	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1769	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1770
	1771	DO j = 0, ny
	1772	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1773	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
	1774	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
	1775	ENDDO
	1776	ENDDO
	1777
	1778	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
	1779
	1780	DO j = 0, ny
	1781	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1782	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
	1783	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
	1784	ENDDO
	1785	ENDDO
	1786
	1787	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
	1788
	1789	DO j = 0, ny
	1790	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1791	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
	1792	ENDDO
	1793	ENDDO
	1794
	1795	!
	1796	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1797	DO j = 0, ny
	1798	DO k = 1, mergp
	1799	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
	1800	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
	1801	ENDDO
	1802	ENDDO
	1803	DO j = 1, mergp
	1804	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1805	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
	1806	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
	1807	ENDDO
	1808	ENDDO
	1809
	1810	!
	1811	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1812	n_y2 = n_y * 2
	1813	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1814	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1815
	1816	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2938]	1817	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
[2259]	1818	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
	1819	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1820	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
	1821	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1822	ENDDO
	1823	ENDDO
	1824	ENDDO
	1825	ENDDO
	1826
	1827	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1828	!
	1829	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
[2938]	1830	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1831	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1832
	1833	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1834	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1835	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
[2938]	1836	id, comm1dx, ierr )
[2259]	1837	#else
[2938]	1838	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
[2259]	1839	#endif
	1840
	1841
	1842	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1843
[2938]	1844
	1845
	1846
	1847	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1848	! Description:
	1849	! ------------
	1850	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1851	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1852	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
	1853	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1854	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1855	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1856	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
	1857
	1858	IMPLICIT NONE
	1859
	1860	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1861	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1862	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1863	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1864	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1865	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1866
	1867	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1868	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[3347]	1869	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
[2938]	1870	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1871
	1872	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1873	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1874	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1875
[3347]	1876	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1877	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1878	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1879	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1880	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1881
	1882
	1883	!
	1884	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1885	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1886	!-- unit variance.
	1887	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
	1888
	1889	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1890	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1891	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1892
	1893	DO i = 0, nx
	1894	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1895	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
	1896	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
	1897	ENDDO
	1898	ENDDO
	1899
	1900	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
	1901
	1902	DO i = 0, nx
	1903	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1904	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
	1905	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
	1906	ENDDO
	1907	ENDDO
	1908
	1909	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
	1910
	1911	DO i = 0, nx
	1912	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1913	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
	1914	ENDDO
	1915	ENDDO
	1916
	1917	!
	1918	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1919	DO i = 0, nx
	1920	DO k = 1, mergp
	1921	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
	1922	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
	1923	ENDDO
	1924	ENDDO
	1925	DO i = 1, mergp
	1926	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1927	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
	1928	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
	1929	ENDDO
	1930	ENDDO
	1931
	1932	!
	1933	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1934	n_x2 = n_x * 2
	1935	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1936	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1937
	1938	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1939	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	1940	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
	1941	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1942	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
	1943	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	1944	ENDDO
	1945	ENDDO
	1946	ENDDO
	1947	ENDDO
	1948
	1949	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1950
	1951	!
	1952	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1953	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	1954	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
	1955
	1956
	1957	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1958	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
[2938]	1959	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	1960	id, comm1dy, ierr )
	1961	#else
	1962	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
	1963	#endif
	1964
	1965
	1966	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	1967
[3347]	1968	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1969	! Description:
	1970	! ------------
	1971	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
	1972	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
	1973	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
	1974	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
	1975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1976	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1977
	1978	IMPLICIT NONE
	1979
	1980	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1981
	1982	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
	1983
	1984	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1985	!
[4022]	1986	!-- Calculate function to gradually decrease Reynolds stress above ABL top.
	1987	!-- The function decreases to 1/10 after one length scale above the
	1988	!-- ABL top.
	1989	blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) )
[3347]	1990	!
[4022]	1991	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
	1992	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
[3347]	1993	!
[4022]	1994	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
	1995	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
	1996	!-- zero.
	1997	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
	1998	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
	1999	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
	2000	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
	2001	0.0_wp, &
	2002	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
	2003	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
	2004	) * blend
	2005
	2006	r22(k) = r11(k)
	2007	!
	2008	!-- w'w'
	2009	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	2010	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	2011	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	2012	) * blend
	2013	!
	2014	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
	2015	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( 1.01_wp - MIN( zzi, 1.0_wp ) ) * blend
	2016	r32(k) = r31(k)
[3347]	2017	!
[4022]	2018	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
	2019	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
	2020	r21(k) = r31(k)
[3347]	2021	ENDDO
	2022
	2023	!
	2024	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	2025	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2026	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	2027	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	2028
	2029	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2030	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	2031	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	2032
	2033
	2034	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	2035
	2036	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2037	! Description:
	2038	! ------------
	2039	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	2040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2041	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	2042
	2043	IMPLICIT NONE
	2044
	2045	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2046
	2047	!
	2048	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	2049	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[4022]	2050	IF ( r11(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2051	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
	2052	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	2053	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	2054	ELSE
	2055	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2056	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2057	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2058	ENDIF
	2059	ENDDO
	2060	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2061	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
[4022]	2062	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2063	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
	2064	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
	2065	ELSE
	2066	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2067	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2068	ENDIF
	2069	ENDDO
	2070	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2071	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
[4022]	2072	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2073	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	2074	ELSE
	2075	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2076	ENDIF
	2077	ENDDO
	2078	!
	2079	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	2080	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	2081	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	2082	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
	2083	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
	2084	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
	2085	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
	2086
	2087	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	2088
	2089	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2090	! Description:
	2091	! ------------
	2092	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
	2093	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	2094	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2095	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2096
	2097	IMPLICIT NONE
	2098
[3987]	2099
	2100	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'start' )
[3347]	2101	!
[4022]	2102	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral
	2103	!-- boundary, i.e. in the case no offline or self nesting is applied but
	2104	!-- synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized nevertheless, the
	2105	!-- boundary-layer depth need to determined first.
	2106	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
	2107	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
	2108	!
	2109	!-- Compute scaling parameters (domain-averaged), such as friction velocity
	2110	!-- are calculated.
[3347]	2111	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	2112	!
	2113	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
	2114	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	2115	!
	2116	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	2117	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	2118	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	2119	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	2120	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	2121	!
	2122	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	2123	!-- (Lund rotation)
	2124	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	2125	!
	2126	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
	2127	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
	2128	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	2129	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
	2130	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
	2131	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	2132	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
	2133	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
	2134	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	2135	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	2136	!
	2137	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	2138	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
[3987]	2139
	2140	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'end' )
[3347]	2141
	2142	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2143
	2144
	2145	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2146	! Description:
	2147	! ------------
	2148	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
	2149	!> from measurements.
	2150	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2151	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2152
	2153	IMPLICIT NONE
	2154
	2155
[4022]	2156	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[3347]	2157
[4022]	2158	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_dum !< effectively used length scale
	2159
[3347]	2160	!
	2161	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
	2162	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
	2163	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
	2164	!
	2165	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
	2166	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
	2167	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
	2168	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
	2169	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
	2170	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
	2171	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
	2172	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
	2173	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
	2174	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2175	!
[4022]	2176	!-- Determine blending parameter. Within the boundary layer length scales
	2177	!-- are constant, while above lengths scales approach gradully zero,
	2178	!-- i.e. imposed turbulence is not correlated in space and time,
	2179	!-- just white noise, which saves computations power as the loops for the
	2180	!-- computation of the filter functions depend on the length scales.
	2181	!-- The value decreases to 1/10 after one length scale above the
	2182	!-- ABL top.
	2183	blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) )
[3347]	2184	!
[4022]	2185	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	2186	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
	2187	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
	2188	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
	2189	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
	2190	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
	2191	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
[3347]	2192	!
[4022]	2193	!-- Along the vertical direction limit the length scale further by the
	2194	!-- boundary-layer depth to assure that no length scales larger than
	2195	!-- the boundary-layer depth are used
	2196	length_scale_dum = MIN( length_scale, zi_ribulk )
	2197
	2198	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
	2199	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
	2200	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
[3347]	2201	!
[4022]	2202	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
	2203	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
	2204	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
	2205	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
	2206	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
	2207	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2208	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) ) * blend
	2209	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2210	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) ) * blend
	2211	!
	2212	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
	2213	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 ) * blend
	2214
[3347]	2215	ENDDO
	2216	!
	2217	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	2218	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	2219	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	2220	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	2221	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	2222	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	2223	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	2224	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	2225	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	2226	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	2227
	2228	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	2229	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	2230	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
	2231
	2232
	2233	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2234
	2235	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2236	! Description:
	2237	! ------------
	2238	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
	2239	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
	2240	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
	2241	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2242	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2243
	2244	USE surface_mod, &
[3579]	2245	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3347]	2246
	2247	IMPLICIT NONE
	2248
	2249	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	2250	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	2251	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2252	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
	2253
	2254	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
[3937]	2255	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
	2256	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
	2257	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
[3347]	2258	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2259	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2260	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2261
	2262	!
[3937]	2263	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and
	2264	!-- near-surface temperature in the model domain.
	2265	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2266	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2267	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
	2268	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
[3347]	2269	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[3937]	2270	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	2271	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
	2272	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	2273	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
	2274	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2275	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
	2276	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2277	ENDDO
	2278	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[3937]	2279	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	2280	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
	2281	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	2282	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
	2283	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2284	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
	2285	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2286	ENDDO
	2287	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[3937]	2288	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	2289	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
	2290	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	2291	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
	2292	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2293	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
	2294	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2295	ENDDO
	2296
	2297	#if defined( __parallel )
[3937]	2298	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2299	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2300	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2301	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2302	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2303	comm2d, ierr )
	2304	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2305	comm2d, ierr )
[3347]	2306	#else
[3937]	2307	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2308	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2309	scale_l = scale_l_l
	2310	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
[3347]	2311	#endif
	2312
[3937]	2313	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2314	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2315	scale_l = scale_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2316	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[3347]	2317	!
	2318	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
	2319	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
	2320	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3937]	2321	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[3347]	2322	ELSE
	2323	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2324	ENDIF
	2325	!
	2326	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
	2327	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
	2328	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
	2329	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2330
	2331	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2332
[2259]	2333	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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