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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 4016

Last change on this file since 4016 was 3987, checked in by kanani, 5 years ago
clean up location, debug and error messages
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 82.6 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[2696]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
[2259]	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
	9	!
[2696]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
[2259]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3885]	17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2259]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
	22	!
[3349]	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z forkel $
[3987]	27	! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping
	28	!
	29	! 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z suehring
[3938]	30	! Remove unused variables
	31	!
	32	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
[3937]	33	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not
	34	! present.
	35	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling
	36	! parameters used for synthetic turbulence parametrization.
	37	!
	38	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
[3909]	39	! Minor bugfix for last commit
	40	!
	41	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
[3900]	42	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
	43	!
	44	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
[3891]	45	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
	46	!
	47	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	48	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	49	! of additional debug messages
	50	!
	51	!
[3775]	52	! removed unused variables
	53	!
	54	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
[3719]	55	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
	56	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
	57	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
	58	!
	59	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
[3646]	60	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
	61	! when using wall/soil spinup)
	62	!
	63	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
[3579]	64	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
	65	! generator in case of topography
	66	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
	67	! nesting
	68	!
	69	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
[3376]	70	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
	71	!
	72	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
[3349]	73	! Fix for format descriptor
	74	!
	75	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
[3347]	76	! - Revise structure of init routine
	77	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
	78	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
	79	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
	80	!
	81	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
[3289]	82	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
	83	!
	84	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
[3274]	85	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	86	!
	87	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
[3248]	88	! Minor formating changes
	89	!
	90	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
[3246]	91	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
	92	!
	93	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	94	! unused variables removed
	95	!
	96	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
[3186]	97	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
	98	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
	99	!
	100	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
[3183]	101	! Rename variables and extend error message
	102	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
	103	!
	104	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
[3065]	105	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
	106	! by dz(1)
	107	!
	108	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
[3051]	109	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
[3049]	110	!
	111	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3051]	112	! Error messages revised
[3045]	113	!
	114	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
[3044]	115	! Add missing variable descriptions
	116	!
	117	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
[3038]	118	! updated variable descriptions
	119	!
	120	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	121	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
[3038]	122	!
[2967]	123	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
[2946]	124	! Remove unused module load
[3038]	125	!
[2946]	126	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
[3038]	127	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
	128	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
[2945]	129	! the x- and y-dimension
[3038]	130	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
	131	!
[2945]	132	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
[3038]	133	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
	134	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
	135	!
[2938]	136	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
[3038]	137	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
	138	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
	139	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
	140	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
[2894]	141	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
[3038]	142	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
	143	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
	144	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
	145	!
[2894]	146	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
[2841]	147	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
[3038]	148	!
[2841]	149	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
[3038]	150	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
[2836]	151	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
	152	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
[3038]	153	! data
	154	!
[2776]	155	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
[2716]	156	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[3038]	157	!
[2716]	158	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	159	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	160	!
	161	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	162	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
	163	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
[3038]	164	!
[2669]	165	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[3038]	166	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
[2576]	167	! parameters during reading restart data
[3038]	168	!
[2576]	169	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	170	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
[3038]	171	!
[2563]	172	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
[2259]	173	! Initial revision
	174	!
	175	!
[3038]	176	!
[2259]	177	! Authors:
	178	! --------
[3347]	179	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	180	!
[2259]	181	!
	182	!
	183	! Description:
	184	! ------------
	185	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
	186	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
	187	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	188	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
	189	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
	190	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
[3347]	191	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
	192	!> within the boundary layer.
[2259]	193	!>
	194	!> @todo test restart
	195	!> enable cyclic_fill
	196	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2945]	197	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
[2259]	198	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
	199	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
	200	!> must match with current PALM grid.
	201	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
	202	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
	203	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	204	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	205
	206
	207	USE arrays_3d, &
[3347]	208	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
[2259]	209
[3274]	210	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3347]	211	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
[2259]	212
	213	USE control_parameters, &
[3987]	214	ONLY: debug_output_timestep, &
[3885]	215	initializing_actions, &
	216	message_string, &
	217	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
[3288]	218	syn_turb_gen
[2259]	219
	220	USE indices, &
[2938]	221	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
[2259]	222
	223	USE kinds
	224
[2967]	225	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
[2259]	226	USE MPI
[2841]	227	#endif
[2259]	228
[3347]	229	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
	230	ONLY: zi_ribulk
	231
[2259]	232	USE pegrid, &
[2938]	233	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
[2259]	234
	235	USE transpose_indices, &
	236	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
	237
	238
	239	IMPLICIT NONE
	240
[2967]	241	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
[2841]	242	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
	243	#endif
	244
[3182]	245
[3347]	246	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
	247	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	248	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
[2259]	249
[3038]	250	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	251	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	252	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	253	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[2938]	254	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	255	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	256	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	257	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
	259	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
[3038]	260	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	261	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	262	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	263	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[2259]	264
[3347]	265	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	268	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	269	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	270	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	271	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	273	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	274	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
	278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
[2259]	279
[3347]	280	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
	281	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
[3937]	282	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< mass flux correction factor
[3347]	283	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	284	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	285	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	286	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	287	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	288
	289
	290	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	291	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	292	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	293	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	294	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	295	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	296
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
[2259]	306
[3347]	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	328
	329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
	330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
[2259]	331
	332	!
	333	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	334	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	335	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	336	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	337	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	338	!
[2259]	339	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	340	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	341	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	342	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	343
	344	!
	345	!-- Calculate filter functions
	346	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	347	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	348	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	349
	350	!
[2938]	351	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	352	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	353	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	354	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	355	!
	356	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	357	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	358	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	359	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	360
	361	!
	362	!-- Output of information to the header file
	363	INTERFACE stg_header
	364	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	365	END INTERFACE stg_header
	366
	367	!
	368	!-- Initialization actions
	369	INTERFACE stg_init
	370	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	371	END INTERFACE stg_init
	372
	373	!
	374	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	375	INTERFACE stg_main
	376	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	377	END INTERFACE stg_main
	378
	379	!
	380	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	381	INTERFACE stg_parin
	382	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	383	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	384
	385	!
	386	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	387	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
	388	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
	389	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	390
	391	!
	392	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	393	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	394	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	395	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	396
	397	SAVE
	398
	399	PRIVATE
	400
	401	!
	402	!-- Public interfaces
[3347]	403	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
	404	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
[2259]	405
	406	!
	407	!-- Public variables
[3347]	408	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
	409	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	410	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	411
	412
	413	CONTAINS
	414
	415
	416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	417	! Description:
	418	! ------------
	419	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
	420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	421	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	422
	423
	424	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	425	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
	426	turbulent_inflow
[2259]	427
[2938]	428	USE pmc_interface, &
	429	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	430
[2938]	431
[2259]	432	IMPLICIT NONE
	433
[3182]	434	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	435	nesting_offline ) THEN
[3376]	436	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	437	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
	438	'in LES mode.'
	439	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	440	ENDIF
	441
[3182]	442	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	443	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[3376]	444	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
[2938]	445	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
	446	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	447	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	448	ENDIF
	449
[2776]	450	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	451
[3579]	452	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	453	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	454	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	455	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
	456	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	457
	458	ENDIF
	459
	460	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
	461	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	462	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	463	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
	464	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	465
	466	ENDIF
	467
[3182]	468	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	469
[2938]	470	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	471	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	472	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	473	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
	474	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
	475	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	476	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	477	ENDIF
	478
	479	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
	480	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	481	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
	482	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	483	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	484	ENDIF
	485	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
	486	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	487	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
[3347]	488	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	489	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	490	ENDIF
	491
[2259]	492	ENDIF
	493
	494	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
	495	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[2938]	496	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
	497	'is not allowed'
[2259]	498	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	499	ENDIF
	500
	501	ENDIF
	502
	503	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	504
	505
	506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	507	! Description:
	508	! ------------
	509	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
	510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	511	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	512
	513
	514	IMPLICIT NONE
	515
	516	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	517
	518	!
	519	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	520	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	521	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	522	WRITE( io, 2 )
	523	ELSE
	524	WRITE( io, 3 )
	525	ENDIF
[3347]	526
	527	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	528	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	529	ELSE
	530	WRITE( io, 5 )
	531	ENDIF
[2259]	532
	533	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
	534	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	535	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	536	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	537	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	538	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	539
	540	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	541
	542
	543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	544	! Description:
	545	! ------------
	546	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
	547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	548	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	549
	550
	551	USE arrays_3d, &
[3775]	552	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
[2259]	553
	554	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	555	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
[2259]	556
	557	USE grid_variables, &
[3775]	558	ONLY: ddy
[2259]	559
[2938]	560	USE indices, &
	561	ONLY: nz
[2259]	562
[2945]	563	USE pmc_interface, &
	564	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2938]	565
[2945]	566
[2259]	567	IMPLICIT NONE
	568
[3347]	569	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
[2938]	570
[2669]	571	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	572	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	573	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	574	#endif
[2259]	575
[2938]	576	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
[2259]	577	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	578	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
	579	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	580	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
	581	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
	582	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
	583
	584	!
	585	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
	586	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	587	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	588	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	589	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	590	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	591	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	592	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	593	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	594	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	595	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[3038]	596	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[2259]	597	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
	598
[2938]	599
[2259]	600	#if defined( __parallel )
	601	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	602	#endif
	603
[2669]	604	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	605	!
[2938]	606	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	607	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
[2945]	608	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	609	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	610
[3038]	611	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
[2945]	612	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	613
[3182]	614	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	615	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	616	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
[2945]	617	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	618	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	619
[2945]	620	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
[3038]	621	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	622	ENDIF
	623
	624	!
[2259]	625	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
	626	!-- velocity seeds
	627	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	628	extent = 1 * realsize
[2938]	629	!
[3038]	630	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
	631	!-- layer
[2938]	632	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[2259]	633	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
	634	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	635	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	636	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
	637	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	638
[2938]	639	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	640	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
[2259]	641	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	642	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	643	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	644	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	645
	646	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[2938]	647	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
[2259]	648
[2938]	649	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	650	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
[2259]	651
	652	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
[2938]	653	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2259]	654	ENDDO
[2938]	655	!
[3038]	656	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
	657	!-- layer
[2938]	658	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[3182]	659	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	660	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2945]	661	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	662	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	663	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	664	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	665	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	666
	667	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	668	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	669	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	670	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	671	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	672	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	673
	674	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
	675	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
	676
	677	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	678	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
	679
	680	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	681	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	682	ENDDO
	683
	684	ENDIF
	685
[2669]	686	#endif
[2259]	687	!
	688	!-- Define seed of random number
	689	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
	690	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
	691	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
	692	DO j = 1, nseed
	693	seed(j) = startseed + j
	694	ENDDO
	695	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
[3347]	696	!
	697	!-- Allocate required arrays
	698	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
	699	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	700	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
	701	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
	702	ENDIF
[2259]	703
[3347]	704	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	705	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	706	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	707	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	708	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	709	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	710	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	711	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	712
	713	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
	714	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
	715	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	716	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	717	!
[2259]	718	!-- Read inflow profile
	719	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
	720	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
	721	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
	722	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[2938]	723	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	724	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	725
[2938]	726	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	727
[2938]	728	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
	729	FORM='FORMATTED')
	730	!
	731	!-- Skip header
	732	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	733
[3182]	734	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[2938]	735	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
	736	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
	737	d1, d2, d3, d5
	738
[2259]	739	!
[3182]	740	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[2938]	741	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
[3182]	742	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	743	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
[3182]	744	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	745	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
[3182]	746	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	747	!
	748	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
	749	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	750	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	751	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	752	!
	753	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	754	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	755	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	756	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	757	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	758	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	759	ENDIF
	760	ENDDO
[3182]	761	!
	762	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
	763	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	764	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	765	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	766	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	767	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	768	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	769
[2938]	770	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	771	!
	772	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	773	!-- (Lund rotation)
	774	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	775	!
	776	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
	777	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
	778	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
	779	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	780	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
	781	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	782	ELSE
[2259]	783	!
[3347]	784	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	785	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	786	!
	787	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
	788	!-- scales
	789	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	790	!
	791	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
	792	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
	793	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
[3891]	794	!
	795	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	796	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	797	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	798	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	799	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	800	!
	801	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	802	!-- (Lund rotation)
	803	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
[3347]	804
[2938]	805	ENDIF
	806
[2259]	807	!
[3347]	808	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
	809	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
	810	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[3182]	811	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	812	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	813	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	814	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
	815	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	816	ENDIF
[3347]	817
[2938]	818	!
[2259]	819	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
	820	merg = 0
	821
	822	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
	823	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[2938]	824	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
	825	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
	826	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
[2259]	827	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
	828	ENDDO
	829
	830	merg = 2 * merg
	831	mergp = merg + nbgp
	832
[2938]	833	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	834	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	835	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	836	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	837	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	838	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	839	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	840	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	841	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
[2259]	842
	843	!
[2938]	844	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
	845	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	846	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	847	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
[2259]	848
[2938]	849	!
	850	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
	851	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	852	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	853	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
[2259]	854
[2938]	855	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	856	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	857	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	858	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	859	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	860	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	861
	862	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	863	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	864	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	865	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	866	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	867	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	868
[2259]	869	!
	870	!-- Create filter functions
[2938]	871	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
[2259]	872	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	873	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
[2938]	874	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
[2259]	875	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	876	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
[2938]	877	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
[2259]	878	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	879	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	880
	881	#if defined( __parallel )
	882	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	883	#endif
	884
	885	!
[2938]	886	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
	887	! time step.
	888	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
	889	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	890	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	891	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	892
	893	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	894	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	895
[2259]	896	DO j = nysg, nyng
	897	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	898	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	899	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	900	ELSE
[2938]	901	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	902	ENDIF
	903
	904	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	905	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	906	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	907	ELSE
[2938]	908	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	909	ENDIF
	910
	911	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	912	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	913	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	914	ELSE
[2938]	915	fw_yz = 0._wp
[2259]	916	ENDIF
	917
	918	ENDDO
	919	ENDDO
	920	ENDIF
[3900]	921
	922	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	923
	924	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
	925	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	926
	927	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	928	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	929
	930	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
	931	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
	932	ELSE
	933	fu_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
	934	ENDIF
	935
	936	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[3909]	937	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
[3900]	938	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
	939	ELSE
	940	fv_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
	941	ENDIF
	942
	943	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[3909]	944	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
	945	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
[3900]	946	ELSE
	947	fw_xz = 0._wp
	948	ENDIF
	949
	950	ENDDO
	951	ENDDO
	952	ENDIF
[2259]	953	ENDIF
	954
	955	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	956
	957
	958	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	959	! Description:
	960	! ------------
	961	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	962	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	963	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	964	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
	965
	966
	967	IMPLICIT NONE
	968
	969	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	970	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	971	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
	972	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
	973
	974	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	975	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	976
	977	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
	978
	979	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
	980
	981
	982	bxx = 0.0_wp
	983
	984	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	985	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	986	n_k = nxx(k)
	987	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	988	n_k2 = n_k * 2
	989
	990	!
	991	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
	992	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	993	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
	994	ENDDO
	995
	996	!
	997	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	998	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
	999	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	1000	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
	1001	ENDDO
	1002	ENDIF
	1003	ENDDO
	1004
[3347]	1005	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	1006
	1007
	1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1009	! Description:
	1010	! ------------
	1011	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
	1012	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1013	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1014
	1015
	1016	IMPLICIT NONE
	1017
	1018	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1019
	1020
[3347]	1021	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1022
	1023	line = ' '
	1024
	1025	!
	1026	!-- Try to find stg package
	1027	REWIND ( 11 )
	1028	line = ' '
	1029	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1030	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
[2259]	1031	ENDDO
	1032	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1033
	1034	!
	1035	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	1036	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	1037
	1038	!
	1039	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
	1040	!-- on
[2776]	1041	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	1042	GOTO 20
[2259]	1043
[3246]	1044	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1045	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1046	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	1047
[3246]	1048	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	1049
	1050	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1051
	1052
	1053	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1054	! Description:
	1055	! ------------
[2894]	1056	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
[2576]	1057	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1058	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
[2576]	1059
	1060
[2894]	1061	USE control_parameters, &
	1062	ONLY: length, restart_string
[2576]	1063
	1064
[2894]	1065	IMPLICIT NONE
[2576]	1066
[3044]	1067	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	1068
	1069
[2894]	1070	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1071
[3038]	1072
[2894]	1073	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2259]	1074
[2894]	1075	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
	1076	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
	1077	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1078	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1079
[2894]	1080	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1081
[3038]	1082	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1083
[2894]	1084	END SELECT
[2259]	1085
	1086
[2894]	1087	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	1088
	1089
	1090	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1091	! Description:
	1092	! ------------
	1093	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	1094	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1095	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1096
	1097
	1098	IMPLICIT NONE
	1099
[2894]	1100	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
[2259]	1101	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
	1102
[2894]	1103	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1104	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1105
	1106
[2894]	1107	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1108
[2894]	1109
[2259]	1110	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1111	! Description:
	1112	! ------------
	1113	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
	1114	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
	1115	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
	1116	!> (Lund, 1998).
	1117	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1118	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1119
	1120
	1121	USE arrays_3d, &
	1122	ONLY: dzw
	1123
	1124	USE control_parameters, &
[3775]	1125	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
[3646]	1126	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
	1127	volume_flow_initial
[2259]	1128
[2938]	1129	USE grid_variables, &
	1130	ONLY: dx, dy
	1131
[2259]	1132	USE indices, &
[2938]	1133	ONLY: wall_flags_0
[2259]	1134
[2945]	1135	USE pmc_interface, &
	1136	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	1137
[2945]	1138
[2259]	1139	IMPLICIT NONE
	1140
[2938]	1141	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
[2259]	1142	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1143	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1144
	1145	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
	1146	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
[2938]	1147	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
	1148	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
[2259]	1149
[3987]	1150
	1151	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'start' )
[2259]	1152	!
	1153	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3775]	1154	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
[2259]	1155	!
	1156	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
[3646]	1157	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[2938]	1158	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1159	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1160	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1161
[3182]	1162	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1163	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1164	!
	1165	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1166	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
	1167	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
	1168	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
	1169	!
	1170	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1171	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
	1172	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
	1173	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
	1174	!
	1175	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1176	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
	1177	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
	1178	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
	1179	ENDIF
[2259]	1180	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1181	ENDIF
[3347]	1182
[2259]	1183	!
	1184	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
[2938]	1185	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1186	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1187	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
[3347]	1188
[3182]	1189	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[3347]	1190	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1191	!
[3347]	1192	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1193	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1194	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1195	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1196	!
[3347]	1197	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1198	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1199	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1200	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1201	!
[3347]	1202	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1203	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1204	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1205	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
[2938]	1206	ENDIF
[3347]	1207
[2938]	1208	!
	1209	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
	1210	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3347]	1211
[2259]	1212	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1213	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1214	!
	1215	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1216	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1217	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1218	ELSE
[3347]	1219	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
[2938]	1220	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[2259]	1221	ENDIF
	1222
	1223	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1224	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1225	ELSE
[3347]	1226	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[2938]	1227	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2259]	1228	ENDIF
	1229
	1230	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1231	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1232	ELSE
[3347]	1233	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[2938]	1234	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2259]	1235	ENDIF
	1236	!
	1237	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1238	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1239	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
[2938]	1240	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
	1241	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
	1242	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1243	ELSE
[3347]	1244	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1245	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1246	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1247	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1248	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1249	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
	1250	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1251	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1252	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1253	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
	1254	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1255	ENDIF
	1256
	1257	ENDDO
	1258	ENDDO
	1259
	1260	!
	1261	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1262	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1263	!-- inflow boundary
[3182]	1264	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	1265	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1266	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1267	DO j = nys, nyn
	1268	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1269	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
	1270	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
	1271	ENDDO
[2259]	1272	ENDDO
	1273
	1274	#if defined( __parallel )
[3347]	1275	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	1276	comm1dy, ierr )
[2259]	1277	#else
[2938]	1278	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2259]	1279	#endif
	1280
[2938]	1281	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
[2259]	1282
	1283	!
[2938]	1284	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
	1285	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1286	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1287	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
	1288	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
	1289	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
	1290	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
	1291	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
	1292	ENDDO
[2259]	1293	ENDDO
[2938]	1294
	1295	ELSE
	1296	!
	1297	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
	1298	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1299	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1300
	1301	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1302	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1303	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1304	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1305	DO j = nys, nyn
	1306	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1307	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1308	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1309	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1310
	1311	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1312	* dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1313	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1314	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1315	ENDDO
	1316	ENDDO
	1317	#if defined( __parallel )
	1318	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
	1319	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1320	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
	1321	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1322	#else
	1323	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1324	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1325	#endif
	1326
	1327	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1328
	1329	!
	1330	!-- Add disturbances
	1331	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[3186]	1332	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1333	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1334	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1335	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1336	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[3347]	1337	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
[3186]	1338	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1339	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1340	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1341	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1342	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1343	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1344	ENDDO
	1345	ENDDO
	1346	ENDIF
	1347	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1348	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1349	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1350	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1351	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1352	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
	1353	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1354	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1355	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
	1356	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1357	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1358	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1359	ENDDO
	1360	ENDDO
	1361	ENDIF
	1362	ENDIF
	1363
	1364	ENDIF
	1365	!
	1366	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1367	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
[3347]	1368
[2938]	1369	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1370	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1371	!
	1372	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1373	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1374	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1375	ELSE
	1376	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1377	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1378	ENDIF
	1379
	1380	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1381	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1382	ELSE
	1383	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[3347]	1384	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2938]	1385	ENDIF
[3347]	1386
[2938]	1387	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1388	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1389	ELSE
	1390	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[3347]	1391	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2938]	1392	ENDIF
	1393	!
	1394	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1395	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1396	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
	1397	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
	1398	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
	1399	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
	1400
	1401	ELSE
[3347]	1402	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1403	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1404	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1405	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1406	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1407	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
	1408	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1409	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1410	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1411	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
	1412	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1413	ENDIF
	1414
	1415	ENDDO
[2259]	1416	ENDDO
[3347]	1417
[2938]	1418	!
	1419	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1420	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1421	!-- inflow boundary.
	1422	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
	1423	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1424	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[2259]	1425
[2938]	1426	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1427	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1428	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1429	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1430	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1431	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[2945]	1432	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1433	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1434	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1435
[2945]	1436	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1437	* dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1438	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1439	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1440	ENDDO
	1441	ENDDO
	1442	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1443	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
[2938]	1444	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[2945]	1445	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
[2938]	1446	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1447	#else
	1448	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1449	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1450	#endif
	1451
	1452	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1453
	1454	!
	1455	!-- Add disturbances
	1456	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1457
[3186]	1458	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1459	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1460	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1461	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1462	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
	1463	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1464	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1465	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1466	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
[3186]	1467	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1468	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1469	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1470	ENDDO
	1471	ENDDO
	1472	ENDIF
	1473	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1474
[3186]	1475	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1476	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1477	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1478	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1479	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
[3347]	1480	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1481	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1482	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1483	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1484	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1485	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1486	ENDDO
	1487	ENDDO
	1488	ENDIF
[2259]	1489	ENDIF
[3347]	1490	!
	1491	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
	1492	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1493
[3987]	1494	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'end' )
	1495
[2259]	1496	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1497
	1498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1499	! Description:
	1500	! ------------
	1501	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1502	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1503	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
	1504	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1505	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2938]	1507	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
[2259]	1508
	1509
	1510	USE indices, &
	1511	ONLY: ny
	1512
	1513	IMPLICIT NONE
	1514
[2938]	1515	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
[2259]	1516	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1517	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1518	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1519	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1520	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1521
	1522	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1523	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1524	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
	1525	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1526
	1527	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1528	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1529	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1530
[3347]	1531	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1532	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1533	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
[2259]	1534	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1535	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1536
	1537
	1538	!
	1539	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1540	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1541	!-- unit variance.
	1542	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
	1543
	1544	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1545	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1546	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1547
	1548	DO j = 0, ny
	1549	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1550	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
	1551	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
	1552	ENDDO
	1553	ENDDO
	1554
	1555	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
	1556
	1557	DO j = 0, ny
	1558	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1559	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
	1560	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
	1561	ENDDO
	1562	ENDDO
	1563
	1564	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
	1565
	1566	DO j = 0, ny
	1567	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1568	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
	1569	ENDDO
	1570	ENDDO
	1571
	1572	!
	1573	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1574	DO j = 0, ny
	1575	DO k = 1, mergp
	1576	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
	1577	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
	1578	ENDDO
	1579	ENDDO
	1580	DO j = 1, mergp
	1581	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1582	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
	1583	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
	1584	ENDDO
	1585	ENDDO
	1586
	1587	!
	1588	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1589	n_y2 = n_y * 2
	1590	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1591	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1592
	1593	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2938]	1594	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
[2259]	1595	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
	1596	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1597	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
	1598	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1599	ENDDO
	1600	ENDDO
	1601	ENDDO
	1602	ENDDO
	1603
	1604	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1605	!
	1606	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
[2938]	1607	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1608	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1609
	1610	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1611	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1612	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
[2938]	1613	id, comm1dx, ierr )
[2259]	1614	#else
[2938]	1615	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
[2259]	1616	#endif
	1617
	1618
	1619	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1620
[2938]	1621
	1622
	1623
	1624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1625	! Description:
	1626	! ------------
	1627	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1628	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1629	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
	1630	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1631	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1632	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1633	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
	1634
	1635
	1636	USE indices, &
	1637	ONLY: nx
	1638
	1639
	1640	IMPLICIT NONE
	1641
	1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1644	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1645	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1646	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1647	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1648
	1649	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1650	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[3347]	1651	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
[2938]	1652	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1653
	1654	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1655	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1656	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1657
[3347]	1658	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1659	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1660	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1661	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1662	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1663
	1664
	1665	!
	1666	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1667	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1668	!-- unit variance.
	1669	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
	1670
	1671	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1672	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1673	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1674
	1675	DO i = 0, nx
	1676	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1677	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
	1678	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
	1679	ENDDO
	1680	ENDDO
	1681
	1682	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
	1683
	1684	DO i = 0, nx
	1685	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1686	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
	1687	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
	1688	ENDDO
	1689	ENDDO
	1690
	1691	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
	1692
	1693	DO i = 0, nx
	1694	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1695	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
	1696	ENDDO
	1697	ENDDO
	1698
	1699	!
	1700	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1701	DO i = 0, nx
	1702	DO k = 1, mergp
	1703	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
	1704	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
	1705	ENDDO
	1706	ENDDO
	1707	DO i = 1, mergp
	1708	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1709	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
	1710	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
	1711	ENDDO
	1712	ENDDO
	1713
	1714	!
	1715	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1716	n_x2 = n_x * 2
	1717	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1718	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1719
	1720	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1721	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	1722	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
	1723	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1724	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
	1725	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	1726	ENDDO
	1727	ENDDO
	1728	ENDDO
	1729	ENDDO
	1730
	1731	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1732
	1733	!
	1734	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1735	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	1736	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
	1737
	1738
	1739	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1740	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
[2938]	1741	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	1742	id, comm1dy, ierr )
	1743	#else
	1744	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
	1745	#endif
	1746
	1747
	1748	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	1749
[3347]	1750	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1751	! Description:
	1752	! ------------
	1753	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
	1754	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
	1755	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
	1756	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
	1757	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1758	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1759
	1760	USE arrays_3d, &
	1761	ONLY: zu
	1762
	1763	IMPLICIT NONE
	1764
	1765	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1766
	1767	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
	1768
	1769	!
	1770	!--
	1771	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1772
	1773	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1774	!
	1775	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
	1776	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
	1777	!
	1778	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
	1779	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
	1780	!-- zero.
	1781	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
[3937]	1782	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
[3347]	1783	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
[3937]	1784	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
[3347]	1785	0.0_wp, &
	1786	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
	1787	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
	1788	)
	1789
	1790	r22(k) = r11(k)
	1791	!
	1792	!-- w'w'
	1793	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	1794	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	1795	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	1796	)
	1797	!
	1798	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
	1799	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
	1800	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
	1801	)
	1802
	1803	r32(k) = r31(k)
	1804	!
	1805	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
	1806	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
	1807	r21(k) = r31(k)
	1808	!
	1809	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
	1810	ELSE
	1811	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1812	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1813	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1814	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1815	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1816	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1817	ENDIF
	1818	ENDDO
	1819
	1820	!
	1821	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1822	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1823	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	1824	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	1825
	1826	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1827	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	1828	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	1829
	1830
	1831	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1832
	1833	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1834	! Description:
	1835	! ------------
	1836	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	1837	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1838	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1839
	1840	IMPLICIT NONE
	1841
	1842	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1843
	1844	!
	1845	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	1846	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1847	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1848	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
	1849	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	1850	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	1851	ELSE
	1852	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1853	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1854	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1855	ENDIF
	1856	ENDDO
	1857	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1858	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
	1859	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1860	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
	1861	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
	1862	ELSE
	1863	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1864	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1865	ENDIF
	1866	ENDDO
	1867	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1868	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
	1869	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1870	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	1871	ELSE
	1872	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1873	ENDIF
	1874	ENDDO
	1875	!
	1876	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1877	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	1878	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	1879	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
	1880	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
	1881	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
	1882	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
	1883
	1884	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1885
	1886	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1887	! Description:
	1888	! ------------
	1889	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
	1890	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	1891	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1892	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1893
	1894	IMPLICIT NONE
	1895
[3987]	1896
	1897	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'start' )
[3347]	1898	!
	1899	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
	1900	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
	1901	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
	1902	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	1903	!
	1904	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
	1905	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	1906	!
	1907	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	1908	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	1909	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	1910	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	1911	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1912	!
	1913	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	1914	!-- (Lund rotation)
	1915	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	1916	!
	1917	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
	1918	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
	1919	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	1920	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
	1921	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
	1922	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	1923	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
	1924	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
	1925	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	1926	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	1927	!
	1928	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	1929	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
[3987]	1930
	1931	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'end' )
[3347]	1932
	1933	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1934
	1935
	1936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1937	! Description:
	1938	! ------------
	1939	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
	1940	!> from measurements.
	1941	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1942	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	1943
	1944	USE arrays_3d, &
[3775]	1945	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
[3347]	1946
	1947	USE grid_variables, &
	1948	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
	1949
	1950	IMPLICIT NONE
	1951
	1952
	1953	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1954
	1955	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
	1956
	1957	!
	1958	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
	1959	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
	1960	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
	1961	!
	1962	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
	1963	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
	1964	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
	1965	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
	1966	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
	1967	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
	1968	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
	1969	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
	1970	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
	1971	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1972
	1973	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
	1974
	1975	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1976	!
	1977	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	1978	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1979	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1980	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1981	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1982	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1983	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1984	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1985	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1986	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1987	!
	1988	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
	1989	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
	1990	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
	1991	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
	1992	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
	1993	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	1994	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	1995	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	1996	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	1997	!
	1998	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
	1999	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
	2000	!
	2001	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
	2002	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
	2003	!-- computations power.
	2004	ELSE
	2005	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
	2006	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2007	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2008	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
	2009	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2010	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2011	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
	2012	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2013	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2014
	2015	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
	2016	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
	2017	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
	2018	ENDIF
	2019	ENDDO
	2020	!
	2021	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	2022	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	2023	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	2024	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	2025	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	2026	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	2027	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	2028	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	2029	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	2030	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	2031
	2032	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	2033	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	2034	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
	2035
	2036
	2037	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2038
	2039	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2040	! Description:
	2041	! ------------
	2042	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
	2043	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
	2044	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
	2045	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2046	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2047
[3937]	2048	USE arrays_3d, &
	2049	ONLY: drho_air
	2050
[3347]	2051	USE indices, &
	2052	ONLY: nx, ny
	2053
	2054	USE surface_mod, &
[3579]	2055	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3347]	2056
	2057	IMPLICIT NONE
	2058
	2059	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	2060	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	2061	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2062	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
	2063
	2064	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
[3937]	2065	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
	2066	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
	2067	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
[3347]	2068	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2069	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2070	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2071
	2072	!
[3937]	2073	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and
	2074	!-- near-surface temperature in the model domain.
	2075	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2076	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2077	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
	2078	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
[3347]	2079	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[3937]	2080	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	2081	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
	2082	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	2083	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
	2084	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2085	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
	2086	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2087	ENDDO
	2088	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[3937]	2089	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	2090	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
	2091	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	2092	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
	2093	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2094	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
	2095	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2096	ENDDO
	2097	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[3937]	2098	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	2099	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
	2100	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	2101	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
	2102	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2103	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
	2104	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2105	ENDDO
	2106
	2107	#if defined( __parallel )
[3937]	2108	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2109	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2110	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2111	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2112	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2113	comm2d, ierr )
	2114	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2115	comm2d, ierr )
[3347]	2116	#else
[3937]	2117	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2118	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2119	scale_l = scale_l_l
	2120	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
[3347]	2121	#endif
	2122
[3937]	2123	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2124	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2125	scale_l = scale_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2126	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[3347]	2127	!
	2128	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
	2129	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
	2130	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3937]	2131	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[3347]	2132	ELSE
	2133	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2134	ENDIF
	2135	!
	2136	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
	2137	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
	2138	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
	2139	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2140
	2141	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2142
[2259]	2143	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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