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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3637

Last change on this file since 3637 was 3579, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Bugfix in initialization of synthetic turbulence generator and calculation of turbulence scaling parameters in case of topography; checks for synthetic turbulence generator and offline nesting added
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File size: 82.9 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[2696]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
[2259]	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
	9	!
[2696]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
[2259]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
	17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
	22	!
[3349]	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z knoop $
[3579]	27	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
	28	! generator in case of topography
	29	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
	30	! nesting
	31	!
	32	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
[3376]	33	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
	34	!
	35	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
[3349]	36	! Fix for format descriptor
	37	!
	38	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
[3347]	39	! - Revise structure of init routine
	40	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
	41	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
	42	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
	43	!
	44	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
[3289]	45	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
	46	!
	47	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
[3274]	48	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	49	!
	50	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
[3248]	51	! Minor formating changes
	52	!
	53	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
[3246]	54	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
	55	!
	56	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	57	! unused variables removed
	58	!
	59	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
[3186]	60	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
	61	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
	62	!
	63	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
[3183]	64	! Rename variables and extend error message
	65	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
	66	!
	67	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
[3065]	68	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
	69	! by dz(1)
	70	!
	71	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
[3051]	72	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
[3049]	73	!
	74	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3051]	75	! Error messages revised
[3045]	76	!
	77	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
[3044]	78	! Add missing variable descriptions
	79	!
	80	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
[3038]	81	! updated variable descriptions
	82	!
	83	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	84	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
[3038]	85	!
[2967]	86	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
[2946]	87	! Remove unused module load
[3038]	88	!
[2946]	89	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
[3038]	90	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
	91	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
[2945]	92	! the x- and y-dimension
[3038]	93	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
	94	!
[2945]	95	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
[3038]	96	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
	97	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
	98	!
[2938]	99	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
[3038]	100	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
	101	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
	102	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
	103	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
[2894]	104	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
[3038]	105	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
	106	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
	107	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
	108	!
[2894]	109	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
[2841]	110	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
[3038]	111	!
[2841]	112	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
[3038]	113	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
[2836]	114	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
	115	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
[3038]	116	! data
	117	!
[2776]	118	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
[2716]	119	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[3038]	120	!
[2716]	121	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	122	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	123	!
	124	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	125	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
	126	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
[3038]	127	!
[2669]	128	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[3038]	129	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
[2576]	130	! parameters during reading restart data
[3038]	131	!
[2576]	132	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	133	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
[3038]	134	!
[2563]	135	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
[2259]	136	! Initial revision
	137	!
	138	!
[3038]	139	!
[2259]	140	! Authors:
	141	! --------
[3347]	142	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	143	!
[2259]	144	!
	145	!
	146	! Description:
	147	! ------------
	148	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
	149	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
	150	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	151	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
	152	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
	153	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
[3347]	154	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
	155	!> within the boundary layer.
[2259]	156	!>
	157	!> @todo test restart
	158	!> enable cyclic_fill
	159	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2945]	160	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
[2259]	161	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
	162	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
	163	!> must match with current PALM grid.
	164	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
	165	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
	166	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	167	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	168
	169
	170	USE arrays_3d, &
[3347]	171	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
[2259]	172
[3274]	173	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3347]	174	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
[2259]	175
	176	USE control_parameters, &
[3288]	177	ONLY: initializing_actions, num_mean_inflow_profiles, message_string, &
	178	syn_turb_gen
[2259]	179
	180	USE cpulog, &
[3347]	181	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point
[2259]	182
	183	USE indices, &
[2938]	184	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
[2259]	185
	186	USE kinds
	187
[2967]	188	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
[2259]	189	USE MPI
[2841]	190	#endif
[2259]	191
[3347]	192	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
	193	ONLY: zi_ribulk
	194
[2259]	195	USE pegrid, &
[2938]	196	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
[2259]	197
	198	USE transpose_indices, &
	199	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
	200
	201
	202	IMPLICIT NONE
	203
[2967]	204	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
[2841]	205	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
	206	#endif
	207
[3182]	208
[3347]	209	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
	210	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	211	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
[2259]	212
[3038]	213	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	214	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	215	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	216	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[2938]	217	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	218	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	219	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	220	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	221	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
	222	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
[3038]	223	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	224	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	225	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	226	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[2259]	227
[3347]	228	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	229	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	230	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	232	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	233	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	234	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	235	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	237	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	239	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	240	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
	241	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
[2259]	242
[3347]	243	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
	244	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
	245	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
	246	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
	247	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	248	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	249	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	250	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	251	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	252
	253
	254	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	255	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	256	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	257	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	258	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	259	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	260
	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
[2259]	270
[3347]	271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	292
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
[2259]	295
	296	!
	297	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	298	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	299	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	300	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	301	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	302	!
[2259]	303	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	304	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	305	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	306	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	307
	308	!
	309	!-- Calculate filter functions
	310	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	311	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	312	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	313
	314	!
[2938]	315	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	316	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	317	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	318	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	319	!
	320	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	321	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	322	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	323	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	324
	325	!
	326	!-- Output of information to the header file
	327	INTERFACE stg_header
	328	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	329	END INTERFACE stg_header
	330
	331	!
	332	!-- Initialization actions
	333	INTERFACE stg_init
	334	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	335	END INTERFACE stg_init
	336
	337	!
	338	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	339	INTERFACE stg_main
	340	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	341	END INTERFACE stg_main
	342
	343	!
	344	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	345	INTERFACE stg_parin
	346	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	347	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	348
	349	!
	350	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	351	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
	352	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
	353	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	354
	355	!
	356	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	357	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	358	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	359	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	360
	361	SAVE
	362
	363	PRIVATE
	364
	365	!
	366	!-- Public interfaces
[3347]	367	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
	368	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
[2259]	369
	370	!
	371	!-- Public variables
[3347]	372	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
	373	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	374	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	375
	376
	377	CONTAINS
	378
	379
	380	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	381	! Description:
	382	! ------------
	383	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
	384	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	385	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	386
	387
	388	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	389	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
	390	turbulent_inflow
[2259]	391
[2938]	392	USE pmc_interface, &
	393	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	394
[2938]	395
[2259]	396	IMPLICIT NONE
	397
[3182]	398	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	399	nesting_offline ) THEN
[3376]	400	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	401	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
	402	'in LES mode.'
	403	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	404	ENDIF
	405
[3182]	406	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	407	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[3376]	408	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
[2938]	409	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
	410	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	411	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	412	ENDIF
	413
[2776]	414	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	415
[3579]	416	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	417	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	418	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	419	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
	420	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	421
	422	ENDIF
	423
	424	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
	425	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	426	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	427	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
	428	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	429
	430	ENDIF
	431
[3182]	432	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	433
[2938]	434	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	435	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	436	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	437	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
	438	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
	439	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	440	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	441	ENDIF
	442
	443	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
	444	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	445	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
	446	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	447	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	448	ENDIF
	449	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
	450	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	451	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
[3347]	452	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	453	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	454	ENDIF
	455
[2259]	456	ENDIF
	457
	458	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
	459	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[2938]	460	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
	461	'is not allowed'
[2259]	462	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	463	ENDIF
	464
	465	ENDIF
	466
	467	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	468
	469
	470	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	471	! Description:
	472	! ------------
	473	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
	474	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	475	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	476
	477
	478	IMPLICIT NONE
	479
	480	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	481
	482	!
	483	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	484	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	485	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	486	WRITE( io, 2 )
	487	ELSE
	488	WRITE( io, 3 )
	489	ENDIF
[3347]	490
	491	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	492	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	493	ELSE
	494	WRITE( io, 5 )
	495	ENDIF
[2259]	496
	497	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
	498	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	499	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	500	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	501	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	502	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	503
	504	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	505
	506
	507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	508	! Description:
	509	! ------------
	510	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
	511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	512	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	513
	514
	515	USE arrays_3d, &
[3347]	516	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu
[2259]	517
	518	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	519	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
[2259]	520
	521	USE grid_variables, &
[3288]	522	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
[2259]	523
[2938]	524	USE indices, &
	525	ONLY: nz
[2259]	526
[2945]	527	USE pmc_interface, &
	528	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2938]	529
[2945]	530
[2259]	531	IMPLICIT NONE
	532
[3347]	533	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
[2938]	534
[2669]	535	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	536	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	537	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	538	#endif
[2259]	539
[2938]	540	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
[2259]	541	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	542	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
	543	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	544	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
	545	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
	546	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
	547
	548	!
	549	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
	550	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	551	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	552	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	553	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	554	REAL(wp) :: d11 !< vertical interpolation for a11
	555	REAL(wp) :: d21 !< vertical interpolation for a21
	556	REAL(wp) :: d22 !< vertical interpolation for a22
	557	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	558	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	559	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	560	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	561	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	562	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[3038]	563	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[2259]	564	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
	565
[2938]	566
[2259]	567	#if defined( __parallel )
	568	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	569	#endif
	570
	571	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
	572
[2669]	573	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	574	!
[2938]	575	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	576	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
[2945]	577	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	578	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	579
[3038]	580	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
[2945]	581	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	582
[3182]	583	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	584	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	585	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
[2945]	586	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	587	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	588
[2945]	589	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
[3038]	590	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	591	ENDIF
	592
	593	!
[2259]	594	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
	595	!-- velocity seeds
	596	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	597	extent = 1 * realsize
[2938]	598	!
[3038]	599	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
	600	!-- layer
[2938]	601	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[2259]	602	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
	603	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	604	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	605	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
	606	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	607
[2938]	608	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	609	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
[2259]	610	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	611	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	612	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	613	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	614
	615	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[2938]	616	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
[2259]	617
[2938]	618	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	619	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
[2259]	620
	621	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
[2938]	622	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2259]	623	ENDDO
[2938]	624	!
[3038]	625	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
	626	!-- layer
[2938]	627	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[3182]	628	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	629	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2945]	630	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	631	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	632	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	633	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	634	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	635
	636	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	637	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	638	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	639	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	640	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	641	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	642
	643	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
	644	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
	645
	646	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	647	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
	648
	649	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	650	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	651	ENDDO
	652
	653	ENDIF
	654
[2669]	655	#endif
[2259]	656	!
	657	!-- Define seed of random number
	658	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
	659	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
	660	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
	661	DO j = 1, nseed
	662	seed(j) = startseed + j
	663	ENDDO
	664	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
[3347]	665	!
	666	!-- Allocate required arrays
	667	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
	668	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	669	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
	670	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
	671	ENDIF
[2259]	672
[3347]	673	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	674	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	675	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	676	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	677	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	678	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	679	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	680	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	681
	682	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
	683	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
	684	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	685	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	686	!
[2259]	687	!-- Read inflow profile
	688	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
	689	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
	690	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
	691	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[2938]	692	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	693	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	694
[2938]	695	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	696
[2938]	697	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
	698	FORM='FORMATTED')
	699	!
	700	!-- Skip header
	701	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	702
[3182]	703	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[2938]	704	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
	705	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
	706	d1, d2, d3, d5
	707
[2259]	708	!
[3182]	709	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[2938]	710	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
[3182]	711	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	712	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
[3182]	713	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	714	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
[3182]	715	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	716	!
	717	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
	718	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	719	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	720	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	721	!
	722	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	723	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	724	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	725	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	726	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	727	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	728	ENDIF
	729	ENDDO
[3182]	730	!
	731	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
	732	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	733	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	734	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	735	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	736	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	737	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	738
[2938]	739	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	740	!
	741	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	742	!-- (Lund rotation)
	743	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	744	!
	745	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
	746	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
	747	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
	748	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	749	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
	750	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	751	ELSE
[2259]	752	!
[3347]	753	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	754	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	755	!
	756	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
	757	!-- scales
	758	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	759	!
	760	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
	761	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
	762	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	763
[2938]	764	ENDIF
	765
[2259]	766	!
[3347]	767	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
	768	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
	769	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[3182]	770	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	771	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	772	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	773	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
	774	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	775	ENDIF
[3347]	776
[2938]	777	!
[2259]	778	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
	779	merg = 0
	780
	781	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
	782	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[2938]	783	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
	784	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
	785	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
[2259]	786	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
	787	ENDDO
	788
	789	merg = 2 * merg
	790	mergp = merg + nbgp
	791
[2938]	792	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	793	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	794	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	795	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	796	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	797	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	798	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	799	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	800	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
[2259]	801
	802	!
[2938]	803	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
	804	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	805	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	806	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
[2259]	807
[2938]	808	!
	809	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
	810	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	811	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	812	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
[2259]	813
[2938]	814	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	815	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	816	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	817	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	818	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	819	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	820
	821	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	822	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	823	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	824	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	825	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	826	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	827
[2259]	828	!
	829	!-- Create filter functions
[2938]	830	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
[2259]	831	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	832	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
[2938]	833	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
[2259]	834	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	835	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
[2938]	836	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
[2259]	837	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	838	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	839
	840	#if defined( __parallel )
	841	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	842	#endif
	843
	844	!
[2938]	845	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
	846	! time step.
	847	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
	848	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	849	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	850	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	851
	852	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	853	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	854
[2259]	855	DO j = nysg, nyng
	856	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	857
	858	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	859	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	860	ELSE
[2938]	861	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	862	ENDIF
	863
	864	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	865	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	866	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	867	ELSE
[2938]	868	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	869	ENDIF
	870
	871	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	872	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	873	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	874	ELSE
[2938]	875	fw_yz = 0._wp
[2259]	876	ENDIF
	877
	878	ENDDO
	879	ENDDO
	880	ENDIF
	881	ENDIF
	882
	883	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
	884
	885	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	886
	887
	888	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	889	! Description:
	890	! ------------
	891	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	892	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	893	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	894	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
	895
	896
	897	IMPLICIT NONE
	898
	899	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	900	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	901	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
	902	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
	903
	904	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	905	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	906
	907	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
	908
	909	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
	910
	911
	912	bxx = 0.0_wp
	913
	914	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	915	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	916	n_k = nxx(k)
	917	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	918	n_k2 = n_k * 2
	919
	920	!
	921	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
	922	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	923	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
	924	ENDDO
	925
	926	!
	927	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	928	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
	929	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	930	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
	931	ENDDO
	932	ENDIF
	933	ENDDO
	934
[3347]	935	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	936
	937
	938	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	939	! Description:
	940	! ------------
	941	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
	942	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	943	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	944
	945
	946	IMPLICIT NONE
	947
	948	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	949
	950
[3347]	951	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	952
	953	line = ' '
	954
	955	!
	956	!-- Try to find stg package
	957	REWIND ( 11 )
	958	line = ' '
	959	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	960	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
[2259]	961	ENDDO
	962	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	963
	964	!
	965	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	966	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	967
	968	!
	969	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
	970	!-- on
[2776]	971	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	972	GOTO 20
[2259]	973
[3246]	974	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	975	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	976	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	977
[3246]	978	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	979
	980	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	981
	982
	983	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	984	! Description:
	985	! ------------
[2894]	986	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
[2576]	987	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	988	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
[2576]	989
	990
[2894]	991	USE control_parameters, &
	992	ONLY: length, restart_string
[2576]	993
	994
[2894]	995	IMPLICIT NONE
[2576]	996
[3044]	997	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	998
	999
[2894]	1000	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1001
[3038]	1002
[2894]	1003	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2259]	1004
[2894]	1005	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
	1006	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
	1007	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1008	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1009
[2894]	1010	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1011
[3038]	1012	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1013
[2894]	1014	END SELECT
[2259]	1015
	1016
[2894]	1017	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	1018
	1019
	1020	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1021	! Description:
	1022	! ------------
	1023	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	1024	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1025	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1026
	1027
	1028	IMPLICIT NONE
	1029
[2894]	1030	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
[2259]	1031	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
	1032
[2894]	1033	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1034	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1035
	1036
[2894]	1037	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1038
[2894]	1039
[2259]	1040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1041	! Description:
	1042	! ------------
	1043	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
	1044	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
	1045	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
	1046	!> (Lund, 1998).
	1047	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1048	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1049
	1050
	1051	USE arrays_3d, &
	1052	ONLY: dzw
	1053
	1054	USE control_parameters, &
[3182]	1055	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, intermediate_timestep_count, &
	1056	nesting_offline, rans_mode, simulated_time, volume_flow_initial
[2259]	1057
[2938]	1058	USE grid_variables, &
	1059	ONLY: dx, dy
	1060
[2259]	1061	USE indices, &
[2938]	1062	ONLY: wall_flags_0
[2259]	1063
	1064	USE statistics, &
	1065	ONLY: weight_substep
	1066
[2945]	1067	USE pmc_interface, &
	1068	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	1069
[2945]	1070
[2259]	1071	IMPLICIT NONE
	1072
[2938]	1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
[2259]	1074	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1076
	1077	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
	1078	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
[2938]	1079	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
	1080	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
[2259]	1081
	1082	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
	1083
	1084	!
	1085	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3347]	1086	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call ) !* weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count)
[2259]	1087	!
	1088	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
	1089	IF ( simulated_time == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[2938]	1090	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1091	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1092	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1093
[3182]	1094	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1095	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1096	!
	1097	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1098	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
	1099	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
	1100	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
	1101	!
	1102	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1103	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
	1104	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
	1105	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
	1106	!
	1107	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1108	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
	1109	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
	1110	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
	1111	ENDIF
[2259]	1112	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1113	ENDIF
[3347]	1114
[2259]	1115	!
	1116	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
[2938]	1117	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1118	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1119	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
[3347]	1120
[3182]	1121	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[3347]	1122	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1123	!
[3347]	1124	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1125	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1126	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1127	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1128	!
[3347]	1129	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1130	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1131	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1132	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1133	!
[3347]	1134	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1135	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1136	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1137	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
[2938]	1138	ENDIF
[3347]	1139
[2938]	1140	!
	1141	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
	1142	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3347]	1143
[2259]	1144	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1145	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1146	!
	1147	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1148	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1149	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1150	ELSE
[3347]	1151	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
[2938]	1152	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[2259]	1153	ENDIF
	1154
	1155	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1156	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1157	ELSE
[3347]	1158	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[2938]	1159	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2259]	1160	ENDIF
	1161
	1162	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1163	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1164	ELSE
[3347]	1165	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[2938]	1166	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2259]	1167	ENDIF
	1168	!
	1169	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1170	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1171	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
[2938]	1172	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
	1173	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
	1174	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1175	ELSE
[3347]	1176	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1177	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1178	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1179	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1180	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1181	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
	1182	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1183	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1184	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1185	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
	1186	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1187	ENDIF
	1188
	1189	ENDDO
	1190	ENDDO
	1191
	1192	!
	1193	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1194	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1195	!-- inflow boundary
[3182]	1196	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	1197	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1198	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1199	DO j = nys, nyn
	1200	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1201	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
	1202	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
	1203	ENDDO
[2259]	1204	ENDDO
	1205
	1206	#if defined( __parallel )
[3347]	1207	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	1208	comm1dy, ierr )
[2259]	1209	#else
[2938]	1210	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2259]	1211	#endif
	1212
[2938]	1213	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
[2259]	1214
	1215	!
[2938]	1216	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
	1217	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1218	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1219	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
	1220	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
	1221	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
	1222	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
	1223	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
	1224	ENDDO
[2259]	1225	ENDDO
[2938]	1226
	1227	ELSE
	1228	!
	1229	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
	1230	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1231	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1232
	1233	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1234	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1235	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1236	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1237	DO j = nys, nyn
	1238	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1239	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1240	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1241	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1242
	1243	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1244	* dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1245	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1246	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1247	ENDDO
	1248	ENDDO
	1249	#if defined( __parallel )
	1250	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
	1251	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1252	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
	1253	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1254	#else
	1255	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1256	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1257	#endif
	1258
	1259	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1260
	1261	!
	1262	!-- Add disturbances
	1263	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[3186]	1264	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1265	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1266	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1267	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1268	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[3347]	1269	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
[3186]	1270	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1271	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1272	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1273	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1274	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1275	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1276	ENDDO
	1277	ENDDO
	1278	ENDIF
	1279	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1280	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1281	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1282	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1283	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1284	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
	1285	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1286	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1287	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
	1288	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1289	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1290	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1291	ENDDO
	1292	ENDDO
	1293	ENDIF
	1294	ENDIF
	1295
	1296	ENDIF
	1297	!
	1298	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1299	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
[3347]	1300
[2938]	1301	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1302	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1303	!
	1304	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1305	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1306	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1307	ELSE
	1308	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1309	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1310	ENDIF
	1311
	1312	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1313	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1314	ELSE
	1315	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[3347]	1316	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2938]	1317	ENDIF
[3347]	1318
[2938]	1319	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1320	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1321	ELSE
	1322	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[3347]	1323	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2938]	1324	ENDIF
	1325	!
	1326	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1327	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1328	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
	1329	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
	1330	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
	1331	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
	1332
	1333	ELSE
[3347]	1334	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1335	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1336	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1337	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1338	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1339	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
	1340	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1341	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1342	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1343	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
	1344	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1345	ENDIF
	1346
	1347	ENDDO
[2259]	1348	ENDDO
[3347]	1349
[2938]	1350	!
	1351	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1352	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1353	!-- inflow boundary.
	1354	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
	1355	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1356	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[2259]	1357
[2938]	1358	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1359	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1360	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1361	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1362	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1363	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[2945]	1364	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1365	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1366	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1367
[2945]	1368	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1369	* dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1370	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1371	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1372	ENDDO
	1373	ENDDO
	1374	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1375	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
[2938]	1376	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[2945]	1377	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
[2938]	1378	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1379	#else
	1380	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1381	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1382	#endif
	1383
	1384	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1385
	1386	!
	1387	!-- Add disturbances
	1388	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1389
[3186]	1390	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1391	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1392	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1393	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1394	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
	1395	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1396	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1397	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1398	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
[3186]	1399	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1400	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1401	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1402	ENDDO
	1403	ENDDO
	1404	ENDIF
	1405	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1406
[3186]	1407	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1408	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1409	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1410	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1411	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
[3347]	1412	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1413	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1414	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1415	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1416	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1417	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1418	ENDDO
	1419	ENDDO
	1420	ENDIF
[2259]	1421	ENDIF
[3347]	1422	!
	1423	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
	1424	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1425
	1426	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
	1427
	1428	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1429
	1430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1431	! Description:
	1432	! ------------
	1433	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1434	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1435	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
	1436	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1437	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1438	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2938]	1439	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
[2259]	1440
	1441
	1442	USE indices, &
	1443	ONLY: ny
	1444
	1445	IMPLICIT NONE
	1446
[2938]	1447	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
[2259]	1448	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1449	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1450	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1451	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1452	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1453
	1454	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1455	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1456	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
	1457	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1458
	1459	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1460	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1461	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1462
[3347]	1463	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1465	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
[2259]	1466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1468
	1469
	1470	!
	1471	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1472	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1473	!-- unit variance.
	1474	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
	1475
	1476	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1477	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1478	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1479
	1480	DO j = 0, ny
	1481	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1482	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
	1483	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
	1484	ENDDO
	1485	ENDDO
	1486
	1487	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
	1488
	1489	DO j = 0, ny
	1490	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1491	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
	1492	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
	1493	ENDDO
	1494	ENDDO
	1495
	1496	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
	1497
	1498	DO j = 0, ny
	1499	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1500	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
	1501	ENDDO
	1502	ENDDO
	1503
	1504	!
	1505	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1506	DO j = 0, ny
	1507	DO k = 1, mergp
	1508	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
	1509	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
	1510	ENDDO
	1511	ENDDO
	1512	DO j = 1, mergp
	1513	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1514	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
	1515	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
	1516	ENDDO
	1517	ENDDO
	1518
	1519	!
	1520	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1521	n_y2 = n_y * 2
	1522	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1523	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1524
	1525	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2938]	1526	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
[2259]	1527	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
	1528	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1529	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
	1530	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1531	ENDDO
	1532	ENDDO
	1533	ENDDO
	1534	ENDDO
	1535
	1536	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1537	!
	1538	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
[2938]	1539	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1540	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1541
	1542	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1543	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1544	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
[2938]	1545	id, comm1dx, ierr )
[2259]	1546	#else
[2938]	1547	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
[2259]	1548	#endif
	1549
	1550
	1551	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1552
[2938]	1553
	1554
	1555
	1556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1557	! Description:
	1558	! ------------
	1559	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1560	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1561	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
	1562	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1563	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1564	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1565	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
	1566
	1567
	1568	USE indices, &
	1569	ONLY: nx
	1570
	1571
	1572	IMPLICIT NONE
	1573
	1574	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1575	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1576	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1577	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1578	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1579	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1580
	1581	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1582	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[3347]	1583	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
[2938]	1584	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1585
	1586	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1587	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1588	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1589
[3347]	1590	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1591	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1592	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1593	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1594	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1595
	1596
	1597	!
	1598	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1599	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1600	!-- unit variance.
	1601	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
	1602
	1603	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1604	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1605	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1606
	1607	DO i = 0, nx
	1608	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1609	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
	1610	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
	1611	ENDDO
	1612	ENDDO
	1613
	1614	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
	1615
	1616	DO i = 0, nx
	1617	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1618	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
	1619	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
	1620	ENDDO
	1621	ENDDO
	1622
	1623	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
	1624
	1625	DO i = 0, nx
	1626	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1627	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
	1628	ENDDO
	1629	ENDDO
	1630
	1631	!
	1632	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1633	DO i = 0, nx
	1634	DO k = 1, mergp
	1635	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
	1636	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
	1637	ENDDO
	1638	ENDDO
	1639	DO i = 1, mergp
	1640	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1641	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
	1642	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
	1643	ENDDO
	1644	ENDDO
	1645
	1646	!
	1647	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1648	n_x2 = n_x * 2
	1649	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1650	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1651
	1652	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1653	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	1654	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
	1655	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1656	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
	1657	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	1658	ENDDO
	1659	ENDDO
	1660	ENDDO
	1661	ENDDO
	1662
	1663	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1664
	1665	!
	1666	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1667	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	1668	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
	1669
	1670
	1671	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1672	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
[2938]	1673	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	1674	id, comm1dy, ierr )
	1675	#else
	1676	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
	1677	#endif
	1678
	1679
	1680	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	1681
[3347]	1682	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1683	! Description:
	1684	! ------------
	1685	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
	1686	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
	1687	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
	1688	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
	1689	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1690	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1691
	1692	USE arrays_3d, &
	1693	ONLY: zu
	1694
	1695	IMPLICIT NONE
	1696
	1697	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1698
	1699	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
	1700
	1701	!
	1702	!--
	1703	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1704
	1705	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1706	!
	1707	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
	1708	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
	1709	!
	1710	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
	1711	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
	1712	!-- zero.
	1713	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
	1714	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
	1715	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
	1716	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
	1717	0.0_wp, &
	1718	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
	1719	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
	1720	)
	1721
	1722	r22(k) = r11(k)
	1723	!
	1724	!-- w'w'
	1725	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	1726	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	1727	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	1728	)
	1729	!
	1730	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
	1731	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
	1732	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
	1733	)
	1734
	1735	r32(k) = r31(k)
	1736	!
	1737	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
	1738	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
	1739	r21(k) = r31(k)
	1740	!
	1741	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
	1742	ELSE
	1743	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1744	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1745	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1746	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1747	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1748	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1749	ENDIF
	1750	ENDDO
	1751
	1752	!
	1753	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1754	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1755	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	1756	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	1757
	1758	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1759	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	1760	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	1761
	1762
	1763	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1764
	1765	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1766	! Description:
	1767	! ------------
	1768	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	1769	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1770	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1771
	1772	IMPLICIT NONE
	1773
	1774	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1775
	1776	!
	1777	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	1778	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1779	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1780	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
	1781	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	1782	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	1783	ELSE
	1784	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1785	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1786	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1787	ENDIF
	1788	ENDDO
	1789	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1790	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
	1791	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1792	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
	1793	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
	1794	ELSE
	1795	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1796	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1797	ENDIF
	1798	ENDDO
	1799	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1800	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
	1801	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1802	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	1803	ELSE
	1804	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1805	ENDIF
	1806	ENDDO
	1807	!
	1808	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1809	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	1810	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	1811	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
	1812	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
	1813	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
	1814	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
	1815
	1816	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1817
	1818	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1819	! Description:
	1820	! ------------
	1821	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
	1822	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	1823	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1824	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1825
	1826	IMPLICIT NONE
	1827
	1828	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
	1829
	1830	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
	1831	!
	1832	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
	1833	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
	1834	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
	1835	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	1836	!
	1837	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
	1838	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	1839	!
	1840	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	1841	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	1842	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	1843	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	1844	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1845	!
	1846	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	1847	!-- (Lund rotation)
	1848	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	1849	!
	1850	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
	1851	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
	1852	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	1853	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
	1854	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
	1855	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	1856	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
	1857	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
	1858	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	1859	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	1860	!
	1861	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	1862	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
	1863
	1864	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
	1865
	1866	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1867
	1868
	1869	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1870	! Description:
	1871	! ------------
	1872	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
	1873	!> from measurements.
	1874	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1875	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	1876
	1877	USE arrays_3d, &
	1878	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu, zw
	1879
	1880	USE grid_variables, &
	1881	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
	1882
	1883	USE statistics, &
	1884	ONLY: hom
	1885
	1886	IMPLICIT NONE
	1887
	1888
	1889	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1890
	1891	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
	1892
	1893	!
	1894	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
	1895	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
	1896	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
	1897	!
	1898	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
	1899	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
	1900	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
	1901	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
	1902	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
	1903	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
	1904	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
	1905	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
	1906	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
	1907	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1908
	1909	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
	1910
	1911	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1912	!
	1913	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	1914	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1915	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1916	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1917	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1918	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1919	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1920	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1921	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1922	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1923	!
	1924	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
	1925	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
	1926	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
	1927	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
	1928	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
	1929	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	1930	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	1931	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	1932	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	1933	!
	1934	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
	1935	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
	1936	!
	1937	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
	1938	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
	1939	!-- computations power.
	1940	ELSE
	1941	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
	1942	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
	1943	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
	1944	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
	1945	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
	1946	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
	1947	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
	1948	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
	1949	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
	1950
	1951	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
	1952	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
	1953	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
	1954	ENDIF
	1955	ENDDO
	1956	!
	1957	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	1958	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	1959	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	1960	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	1961	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	1962	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	1963	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	1964	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	1965	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	1966	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	1967
	1968	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	1969	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	1970	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
	1971
	1972
	1973	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	1974
	1975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1976	! Description:
	1977	! ------------
	1978	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
	1979	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
	1980	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
	1981	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1982	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	1983
	1984
	1985	USE control_parameters, &
	1986	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
	1987	humidity, pt_surface
	1988
	1989	USE indices, &
	1990	ONLY: nx, ny
	1991
	1992	USE surface_mod, &
[3579]	1993	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3347]	1994
	1995	IMPLICIT NONE
	1996
	1997	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1998	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1999	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[3579]	2000	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
	2001	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[3347]	2002	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
	2003
	2004	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
	2005	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2006	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2007	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
	2008	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
	2009	REAL(wp) :: vpt_surface !< near-surface virtual potential temperature
	2010	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2011	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
	2012	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
	2013
	2014	!
	2015	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
	2016	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
	2017	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
	2018	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
	2019	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
	2020	!-- This need to be revised later.
	2021	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2022	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2023	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	2024	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
	2025	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
	2026	ENDDO
	2027	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	2028	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
	2029	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
	2030	ENDDO
	2031	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	2032	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
	2033	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
	2034	ENDDO
	2035
	2036	#if defined( __parallel )
	2037	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2038	comm2d, ierr )
	2039	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2040	comm2d, ierr )
	2041	#else
	2042	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
	2043	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2044	#endif
	2045	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2046	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2047
	2048	!
	2049	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
	2050	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
	2051	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
	2052	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
	2053	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
[3579]	2054	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height,
	2055	!-- which is 10 m, according to the height of the 1st vertical grid level
	2056	!-- in the COSMO level. However, in case of topography that is higher than
	2057	!-- the reference level, the k index is determined from the 1st vertical
	2058	!-- PALM grid level instead.
[3347]	2059	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
	2060	!-- COSMO vertical level.
	2061	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
	2062
	2063	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
	2064	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
	2065
	2066	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
	2067
	2068	DO j = nys, nyn
	2069	!
[3579]	2070	!-- Determine the k index and topography top index
	2071	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
	2072	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
	2073	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
	2074	!
[3347]	2075	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
	2076	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
	2077	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
	2078	!-- inflow profiles.
[3579]	2079	u_int = MERGE( u(k,j,i+1), u(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
	2080	v_int = v(k,j,i)
[3347]	2081	!
	2082	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
	2083	!-- neutral condtions.
	2084	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
	2085	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
[3579]	2086	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
[3347]	2087
	2088	ENDDO
	2089
	2090	ENDIF
	2091
	2092	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
	2093
	2094	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
	2095
	2096	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2097
[3579]	2098	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
	2099	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
	2100	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
	2101
	2102	u_int = u(k,j,i)
	2103	v_int = MERGE( v(k,j+1,i), v(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
[3347]	2104
	2105	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
	2106	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
[3579]	2107	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
[3347]	2108
	2109	ENDDO
	2110
	2111	ENDIF
	2112
	2113	#if defined( __parallel )
	2114	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2115	comm2d, ierr )
	2116	#else
	2117	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2118	#endif
	2119	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
	2120
	2121	!
	2122	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
	2123	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2124	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
	2125	ELSE
	2126	scale_l = 0.0_wp
	2127	ENDIF
	2128
	2129	!
	2130	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
	2131	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
	2132	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2133	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2134	ELSE
	2135	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2136	ENDIF
	2137	!
	2138	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
	2139	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
	2140	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
	2141	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2142
	2143	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2144
[2259]	2145	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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