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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3352

Last change on this file since 3352 was 3349, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Bugfix in initialization of soil properties from dynamic input file
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 81.4 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[2696]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
[2259]	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
	9	!
[2696]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
[2259]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
	17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
	22	!
[3349]	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z knoop $
[3349]	27	! Fix for format descriptor
	28	!
	29	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
[3347]	30	! - Revise structure of init routine
	31	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
	32	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
	33	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
	34	!
	35	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
[3289]	36	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
	37	!
	38	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
[3274]	39	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	40	!
	41	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
[3248]	42	! Minor formating changes
	43	!
	44	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
[3246]	45	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
	46	!
	47	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	48	! unused variables removed
	49	!
	50	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
[3186]	51	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
	52	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
	53	!
	54	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
[3183]	55	! Rename variables and extend error message
	56	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
	57	!
	58	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
[3065]	59	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
	60	! by dz(1)
	61	!
	62	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
[3051]	63	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
[3049]	64	!
	65	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3051]	66	! Error messages revised
[3045]	67	!
	68	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
[3044]	69	! Add missing variable descriptions
	70	!
	71	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
[3038]	72	! updated variable descriptions
	73	!
	74	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	75	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
[3038]	76	!
[2967]	77	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
[2946]	78	! Remove unused module load
[3038]	79	!
[2946]	80	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
[3038]	81	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
	82	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
[2945]	83	! the x- and y-dimension
[3038]	84	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
	85	!
[2945]	86	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
[3038]	87	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
	88	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
	89	!
[2938]	90	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
[3038]	91	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
	92	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
	93	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
	94	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
[2894]	95	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
[3038]	96	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
	97	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
	98	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
	99	!
[2894]	100	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
[2841]	101	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
[3038]	102	!
[2841]	103	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
[3038]	104	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
[2836]	105	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
	106	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
[3038]	107	! data
	108	!
[2776]	109	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
[2716]	110	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[3038]	111	!
[2716]	112	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	113	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	114	!
	115	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	116	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
	117	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
[3038]	118	!
[2669]	119	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[3038]	120	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
[2576]	121	! parameters during reading restart data
[3038]	122	!
[2576]	123	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	124	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
[3038]	125	!
[2563]	126	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
[2259]	127	! Initial revision
	128	!
	129	!
[3038]	130	!
[2259]	131	! Authors:
	132	! --------
[3347]	133	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	134	!
[2259]	135	!
	136	!
	137	! Description:
	138	! ------------
	139	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
	140	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
	141	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	142	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
	143	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
	144	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
[3347]	145	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
	146	!> within the boundary layer.
[2259]	147	!>
	148	!> @todo test restart
	149	!> enable cyclic_fill
	150	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2945]	151	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
[2259]	152	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
	153	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
	154	!> must match with current PALM grid.
	155	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
	156	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
	157	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	158	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	159
	160
	161	USE arrays_3d, &
[3347]	162	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
[2259]	163
[3274]	164	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3347]	165	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
[2259]	166
	167	USE control_parameters, &
[3288]	168	ONLY: initializing_actions, num_mean_inflow_profiles, message_string, &
	169	syn_turb_gen
[2259]	170
	171	USE cpulog, &
[3347]	172	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point
[2259]	173
	174	USE indices, &
[2938]	175	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
[2259]	176
	177	USE kinds
	178
[2967]	179	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
[2259]	180	USE MPI
[2841]	181	#endif
[2259]	182
[3347]	183	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
	184	ONLY: zi_ribulk
	185
[2259]	186	USE pegrid, &
[2938]	187	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
[2259]	188
	189	USE transpose_indices, &
	190	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
	191
	192
	193	IMPLICIT NONE
	194
[2967]	195	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
[2841]	196	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
	197	#endif
	198
[3182]	199
[3347]	200	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
	201	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	202	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
[2259]	203
[3038]	204	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	205	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	206	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	207	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[2938]	208	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	209	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	210	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	211	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	212	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
	213	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
[3038]	214	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	215	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	216	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	217	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[2259]	218
[3347]	219	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	220	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	221	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	222	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	223	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	224	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	225	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	226	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	228	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	229	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	230	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
	232	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
[2259]	233
[3347]	234	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
	235	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
	236	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
	237	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
	238	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	239	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	240	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	241	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	242	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	243
	244
	245	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	246	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	247	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	248	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	249	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	250	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	251
	252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
[2259]	261
[3347]	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	283
	284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
	285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
[2259]	286
	287	!
	288	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	289	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	290	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	291	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	292	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	293	!
[2259]	294	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	295	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	296	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	297	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	298
	299	!
	300	!-- Calculate filter functions
	301	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	302	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	303	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	304
	305	!
[2938]	306	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	307	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	308	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	309	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	310	!
	311	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	312	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	313	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	314	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	315
	316	!
	317	!-- Output of information to the header file
	318	INTERFACE stg_header
	319	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	320	END INTERFACE stg_header
	321
	322	!
	323	!-- Initialization actions
	324	INTERFACE stg_init
	325	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	326	END INTERFACE stg_init
	327
	328	!
	329	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	330	INTERFACE stg_main
	331	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	332	END INTERFACE stg_main
	333
	334	!
	335	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	336	INTERFACE stg_parin
	337	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	338	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	339
	340	!
	341	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	342	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
	343	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
	344	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	345
	346	!
	347	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	348	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	349	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	350	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	351
	352	SAVE
	353
	354	PRIVATE
	355
	356	!
	357	!-- Public interfaces
[3347]	358	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
	359	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
[2259]	360
	361	!
	362	!-- Public variables
[3347]	363	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
	364	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	365	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	366
	367
	368	CONTAINS
	369
	370
	371	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	372	! Description:
	373	! ------------
	374	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
	375	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	376	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	377
	378
	379	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	380	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
	381	turbulent_inflow
[2259]	382
[2938]	383	USE pmc_interface, &
	384	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	385
[2938]	386
[2259]	387	IMPLICIT NONE
	388
[3182]	389	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	390	nesting_offline ) THEN
	391	message_string = 'No synthetic turbulence generator is applied. ' // &
	392	'In case PALM operates in LES mode and lateral ' // &
	393	'boundary conditions are provided by COSMO model, ' // &
	394	'turbulence may require large adjustment lenght at ' //&
	395	'the lateral inflow boundaries. Please check your ' // &
	396	'results carefully.'
	397	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0000', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	398	ENDIF
	399
[3182]	400	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	401	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
	402	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator has to be applied ' // &
	403	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
	404	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
	405	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	406	ENDIF
	407
[2776]	408	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	409
[3182]	410	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	411
[2938]	412	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	413	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	414	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3046]	415	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
[3347]	416	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
	417	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	418	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	419	ENDIF
	420
	421	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
	422	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	423	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
	424	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	425	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	426	ENDIF
	427	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
	428	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	429	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
	430	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	431	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	432	ENDIF
	433
[2259]	434	ENDIF
	435
	436	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
	437	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[2938]	438	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
	439	'is not allowed'
[2259]	440	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	441	ENDIF
	442
	443	ENDIF
	444
	445	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	446
	447
	448	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	449	! Description:
	450	! ------------
	451	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
	452	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	453	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	454
	455
	456	IMPLICIT NONE
	457
	458	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	459
	460	!
	461	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	462	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	463	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	464	WRITE( io, 2 )
	465	ELSE
	466	WRITE( io, 3 )
	467	ENDIF
[3347]	468
	469	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	470	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	471	ELSE
	472	WRITE( io, 5 )
	473	ENDIF
[2259]	474
	475	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
	476	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	477	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	478	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	479	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	480	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	481
	482	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	483
	484
	485	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	486	! Description:
	487	! ------------
	488	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
	489	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	490	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	491
	492
	493	USE arrays_3d, &
[3347]	494	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu
[2259]	495
	496	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	497	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
[2259]	498
	499	USE grid_variables, &
[3288]	500	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
[2259]	501
[2938]	502	USE indices, &
	503	ONLY: nz
[2259]	504
[2945]	505	USE pmc_interface, &
	506	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2938]	507
[2945]	508
[2259]	509	IMPLICIT NONE
	510
[3347]	511	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
[2938]	512
[2669]	513	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	514	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	515	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	516	#endif
[2259]	517
[2938]	518	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
[2259]	519	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	520	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
	521	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	522	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
	523	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
	524	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
	525
	526	!
	527	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
	528	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	529	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	530	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	531	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	532	REAL(wp) :: d11 !< vertical interpolation for a11
	533	REAL(wp) :: d21 !< vertical interpolation for a21
	534	REAL(wp) :: d22 !< vertical interpolation for a22
	535	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	536	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	537	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	538	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	539	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	540	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[3038]	541	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[2259]	542	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
	543
[2938]	544
[2259]	545	#if defined( __parallel )
	546	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	547	#endif
	548
	549	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
	550
[2669]	551	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	552	!
[2938]	553	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	554	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
[2945]	555	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	556	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	557
[3038]	558	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
[2945]	559	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	560
[3182]	561	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	562	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	563	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
[2945]	564	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	565	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	566
[2945]	567	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
[3038]	568	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	569	ENDIF
	570
	571	!
[2259]	572	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
	573	!-- velocity seeds
	574	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	575	extent = 1 * realsize
[2938]	576	!
[3038]	577	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
	578	!-- layer
[2938]	579	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[2259]	580	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
	581	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	582	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	583	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
	584	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	585
[2938]	586	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	587	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
[2259]	588	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	589	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	590	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	591	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	592
	593	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[2938]	594	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
[2259]	595
[2938]	596	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	597	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
[2259]	598
	599	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
[2938]	600	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2259]	601	ENDDO
[2938]	602	!
[3038]	603	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
	604	!-- layer
[2938]	605	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[3182]	606	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	607	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2945]	608	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	609	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	610	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	611	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	612	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	613
	614	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	615	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	616	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	617	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	618	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	619	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	620
	621	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
	622	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
	623
	624	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	625	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
	626
	627	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	628	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	629	ENDDO
	630
	631	ENDIF
	632
[2669]	633	#endif
[2259]	634	!
	635	!-- Define seed of random number
	636	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
	637	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
	638	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
	639	DO j = 1, nseed
	640	seed(j) = startseed + j
	641	ENDDO
	642	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
[3347]	643	!
	644	!-- Allocate required arrays
	645	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
	646	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	647	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
	648	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
	649	ENDIF
[2259]	650
[3347]	651	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	652	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	653	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	654	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	655	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	656	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	657	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	658	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	659
	660	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
	661	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
	662	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	663	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	664	!
[2259]	665	!-- Read inflow profile
	666	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
	667	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
	668	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
	669	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[2938]	670	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	671	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	672
[2938]	673	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	674
[2938]	675	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
	676	FORM='FORMATTED')
	677	!
	678	!-- Skip header
	679	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	680
[3182]	681	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[2938]	682	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
	683	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
	684	d1, d2, d3, d5
	685
[2259]	686	!
[3182]	687	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[2938]	688	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
[3182]	689	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	690	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
[3182]	691	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	692	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
[3182]	693	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	694	!
	695	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
	696	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	697	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	698	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	699	!
	700	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	701	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	702	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	703	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	704	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	705	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	706	ENDIF
	707	ENDDO
[3182]	708	!
	709	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
	710	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	711	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	712	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	713	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	714	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	715	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	716
[2938]	717	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	718	!
	719	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	720	!-- (Lund rotation)
	721	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	722	!
	723	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
	724	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
	725	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
	726	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	727	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
	728	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	729	ELSE
[2259]	730	!
[3347]	731	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	732	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	733	!
	734	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
	735	!-- scales
	736	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	737	!
	738	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
	739	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
	740	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	741
[2938]	742	ENDIF
	743
[2259]	744	!
[3347]	745	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
	746	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
	747	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[3182]	748	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	749	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	750	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	751	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
	752	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	753	ENDIF
[3347]	754
[2938]	755	!
[2259]	756	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
	757	merg = 0
	758
	759	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
	760	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[2938]	761	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
	762	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
	763	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
[2259]	764	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
	765	ENDDO
	766
	767	merg = 2 * merg
	768	mergp = merg + nbgp
	769
[2938]	770	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	771	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	772	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	773	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	774	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	775	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	776	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	777	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	778	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
[2259]	779
	780	!
[2938]	781	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
	782	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	783	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	784	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
[2259]	785
[2938]	786	!
	787	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
	788	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	789	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	790	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
[2259]	791
[2938]	792	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	793	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	794	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	795	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	796	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	797	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	798
	799	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	800	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	801	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	802	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	803	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	804	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	805
[2259]	806	!
	807	!-- Create filter functions
[2938]	808	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
[2259]	809	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	810	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
[2938]	811	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
[2259]	812	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	813	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
[2938]	814	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
[2259]	815	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	816	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	817
	818	#if defined( __parallel )
	819	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	820	#endif
	821
	822	!
[2938]	823	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
	824	! time step.
	825	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
	826	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	827	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	828	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	829
	830	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	831	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	832
[2259]	833	DO j = nysg, nyng
	834	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	835
	836	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	837	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	838	ELSE
[2938]	839	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	840	ENDIF
	841
	842	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	843	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	844	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	845	ELSE
[2938]	846	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	847	ENDIF
	848
	849	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	850	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	851	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	852	ELSE
[2938]	853	fw_yz = 0._wp
[2259]	854	ENDIF
	855
	856	ENDDO
	857	ENDDO
	858	ENDIF
	859	ENDIF
	860
	861	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
	862
	863	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	864
	865
	866	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	867	! Description:
	868	! ------------
	869	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	870	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	871	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	872	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
	873
	874
	875	IMPLICIT NONE
	876
	877	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	878	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	879	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
	880	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
	881
	882	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	883	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	884
	885	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
	886
	887	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
	888
	889
	890	bxx = 0.0_wp
	891
	892	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	893	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	894	n_k = nxx(k)
	895	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	896	n_k2 = n_k * 2
	897
	898	!
	899	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
	900	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	901	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
	902	ENDDO
	903
	904	!
	905	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	906	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
	907	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	908	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
	909	ENDDO
	910	ENDIF
	911	ENDDO
	912
[3347]	913	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	914
	915
	916	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	917	! Description:
	918	! ------------
	919	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
	920	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	921	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	922
	923
	924	IMPLICIT NONE
	925
	926	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	927
	928
[3347]	929	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	930
	931	line = ' '
	932
	933	!
	934	!-- Try to find stg package
	935	REWIND ( 11 )
	936	line = ' '
	937	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	938	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
[2259]	939	ENDDO
	940	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	941
	942	!
	943	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	944	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	945
	946	!
	947	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
	948	!-- on
[2776]	949	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	950	GOTO 20
[2259]	951
[3246]	952	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	953	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	954	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	955
[3246]	956	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	957
	958	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	959
	960
	961	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	962	! Description:
	963	! ------------
[2894]	964	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
[2576]	965	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	966	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
[2576]	967
	968
[2894]	969	USE control_parameters, &
	970	ONLY: length, restart_string
[2576]	971
	972
[2894]	973	IMPLICIT NONE
[2576]	974
[3044]	975	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	976
	977
[2894]	978	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	979
[3038]	980
[2894]	981	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2259]	982
[2894]	983	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
	984	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
	985	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	986	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	987
[2894]	988	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	989
[3038]	990	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	991
[2894]	992	END SELECT
[2259]	993
	994
[2894]	995	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	996
	997
	998	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	999	! Description:
	1000	! ------------
	1001	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	1002	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1003	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1004
	1005
	1006	IMPLICIT NONE
	1007
[2894]	1008	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
[2259]	1009	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
	1010
[2894]	1011	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1012	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1013
	1014
[2894]	1015	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1016
[2894]	1017
[2259]	1018	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1019	! Description:
	1020	! ------------
	1021	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
	1022	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
	1023	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
	1024	!> (Lund, 1998).
	1025	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1026	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1027
	1028
	1029	USE arrays_3d, &
	1030	ONLY: dzw
	1031
	1032	USE control_parameters, &
[3182]	1033	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, intermediate_timestep_count, &
	1034	nesting_offline, rans_mode, simulated_time, volume_flow_initial
[2259]	1035
[2938]	1036	USE grid_variables, &
	1037	ONLY: dx, dy
	1038
[2259]	1039	USE indices, &
[2938]	1040	ONLY: wall_flags_0
[2259]	1041
	1042	USE statistics, &
	1043	ONLY: weight_substep
	1044
[2945]	1045	USE pmc_interface, &
	1046	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	1047
[2945]	1048
[2259]	1049	IMPLICIT NONE
	1050
[2938]	1051	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
[2259]	1052	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1053	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1054
	1055	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
	1056	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
[2938]	1057	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
	1058	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
[2259]	1059
	1060	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
	1061
	1062	!
	1063	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3347]	1064	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call ) !* weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count)
[2259]	1065	!
	1066	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
	1067	IF ( simulated_time == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[2938]	1068	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1069	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1070	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1071
[3182]	1072	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1073	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1074	!
	1075	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1076	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
	1077	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
	1078	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
	1079	!
	1080	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1081	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
	1082	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
	1083	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
	1084	!
	1085	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1086	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
	1087	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
	1088	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
	1089	ENDIF
[2259]	1090	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1091	ENDIF
[3347]	1092
[2259]	1093	!
	1094	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
[2938]	1095	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1096	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1097	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
[3347]	1098
[3182]	1099	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[3347]	1100	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1101	!
[3347]	1102	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1103	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1104	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1105	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1106	!
[3347]	1107	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1108	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1109	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1110	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1111	!
[3347]	1112	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1113	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1114	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1115	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
[2938]	1116	ENDIF
[3347]	1117
[2938]	1118	!
	1119	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
	1120	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3347]	1121
[2259]	1122	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1123	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1124	!
	1125	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1126	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1127	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1128	ELSE
[3347]	1129	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
[2938]	1130	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[2259]	1131	ENDIF
	1132
	1133	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1134	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1135	ELSE
[3347]	1136	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[2938]	1137	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2259]	1138	ENDIF
	1139
	1140	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1141	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1142	ELSE
[3347]	1143	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[2938]	1144	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2259]	1145	ENDIF
	1146	!
	1147	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1148	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1149	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
[2938]	1150	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
	1151	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
	1152	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1153	ELSE
[3347]	1154	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1155	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1156	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1157	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1158	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1159	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
	1160	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1161	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1162	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1163	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
	1164	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1165	ENDIF
	1166
	1167	ENDDO
	1168	ENDDO
	1169
	1170	!
	1171	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1172	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1173	!-- inflow boundary
[3182]	1174	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	1175	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1176	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1177	DO j = nys, nyn
	1178	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1179	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
	1180	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
	1181	ENDDO
[2259]	1182	ENDDO
	1183
	1184	#if defined( __parallel )
[3347]	1185	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	1186	comm1dy, ierr )
[2259]	1187	#else
[2938]	1188	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2259]	1189	#endif
	1190
[2938]	1191	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
[2259]	1192
	1193	!
[2938]	1194	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
	1195	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1196	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1197	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
	1198	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
	1199	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
	1200	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
	1201	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
	1202	ENDDO
[2259]	1203	ENDDO
[2938]	1204
	1205	ELSE
	1206	!
	1207	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
	1208	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1209	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1210
	1211	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1212	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1213	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1214	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1215	DO j = nys, nyn
	1216	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1217	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1218	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1219	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1220
	1221	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1222	* dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1223	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1224	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1225	ENDDO
	1226	ENDDO
	1227	#if defined( __parallel )
	1228	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
	1229	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1230	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
	1231	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1232	#else
	1233	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1234	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1235	#endif
	1236
	1237	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1238
	1239	!
	1240	!-- Add disturbances
	1241	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[3186]	1242	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1243	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1244	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1245	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1246	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[3347]	1247	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
[3186]	1248	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1249	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1250	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1251	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1252	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1253	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1254	ENDDO
	1255	ENDDO
	1256	ENDIF
	1257	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1258	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1259	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1260	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1261	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1262	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
	1263	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1264	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1265	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
	1266	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1267	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1268	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1269	ENDDO
	1270	ENDDO
	1271	ENDIF
	1272	ENDIF
	1273
	1274	ENDIF
	1275	!
	1276	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1277	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
[3347]	1278
[2938]	1279	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1280	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1281	!
	1282	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1283	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1284	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1285	ELSE
	1286	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1287	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1288	ENDIF
	1289
	1290	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1291	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1292	ELSE
	1293	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[3347]	1294	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2938]	1295	ENDIF
[3347]	1296
[2938]	1297	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1298	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1299	ELSE
	1300	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[3347]	1301	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2938]	1302	ENDIF
	1303	!
	1304	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1305	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1306	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
	1307	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
	1308	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
	1309	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
	1310
	1311	ELSE
[3347]	1312	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1313	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1314	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1315	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1316	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1317	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
	1318	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1319	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1320	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1321	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
	1322	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1323	ENDIF
	1324
	1325	ENDDO
[2259]	1326	ENDDO
[3347]	1327
[2938]	1328	!
	1329	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1330	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1331	!-- inflow boundary.
	1332	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
	1333	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1334	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[2259]	1335
[2938]	1336	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1337	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1338	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1339	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1340	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1341	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[2945]	1342	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1343	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1344	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1345
[2945]	1346	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1347	* dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1348	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1349	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1350	ENDDO
	1351	ENDDO
	1352	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1353	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
[2938]	1354	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[2945]	1355	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
[2938]	1356	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1357	#else
	1358	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1359	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1360	#endif
	1361
	1362	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1363
	1364	!
	1365	!-- Add disturbances
	1366	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1367
[3186]	1368	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1369	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1370	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1371	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1372	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
	1373	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1374	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1375	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1376	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
[3186]	1377	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1378	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1379	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1380	ENDDO
	1381	ENDDO
	1382	ENDIF
	1383	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1384
[3186]	1385	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1386	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1387	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1388	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1389	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
[3347]	1390	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1391	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1392	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1393	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1394	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1395	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1396	ENDDO
	1397	ENDDO
	1398	ENDIF
[2259]	1399	ENDIF
[3347]	1400	!
	1401	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
	1402	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1403
	1404	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
	1405
	1406	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1407
	1408	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1409	! Description:
	1410	! ------------
	1411	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1412	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1413	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
	1414	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1415	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2938]	1417	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
[2259]	1418
	1419
	1420	USE indices, &
	1421	ONLY: ny
	1422
	1423	IMPLICIT NONE
	1424
[2938]	1425	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
[2259]	1426	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1427	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1428	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1429	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1430	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1431
	1432	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1433	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1434	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
	1435	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1436
	1437	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1438	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1439	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1440
[3347]	1441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
[2259]	1444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1446
	1447
	1448	!
	1449	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1450	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1451	!-- unit variance.
	1452	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
	1453
	1454	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1455	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1456	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1457
	1458	DO j = 0, ny
	1459	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1460	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
	1461	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
	1462	ENDDO
	1463	ENDDO
	1464
	1465	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
	1466
	1467	DO j = 0, ny
	1468	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1469	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
	1470	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
	1471	ENDDO
	1472	ENDDO
	1473
	1474	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
	1475
	1476	DO j = 0, ny
	1477	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1478	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
	1479	ENDDO
	1480	ENDDO
	1481
	1482	!
	1483	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1484	DO j = 0, ny
	1485	DO k = 1, mergp
	1486	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
	1487	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
	1488	ENDDO
	1489	ENDDO
	1490	DO j = 1, mergp
	1491	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1492	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
	1493	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
	1494	ENDDO
	1495	ENDDO
	1496
	1497	!
	1498	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1499	n_y2 = n_y * 2
	1500	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1501	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1502
	1503	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2938]	1504	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
[2259]	1505	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
	1506	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1507	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
	1508	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1509	ENDDO
	1510	ENDDO
	1511	ENDDO
	1512	ENDDO
	1513
	1514	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1515	!
	1516	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
[2938]	1517	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1518	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1519
	1520	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1521	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1522	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
[2938]	1523	id, comm1dx, ierr )
[2259]	1524	#else
[2938]	1525	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
[2259]	1526	#endif
	1527
	1528
	1529	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1530
[2938]	1531
	1532
	1533
	1534	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1535	! Description:
	1536	! ------------
	1537	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1538	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1539	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
	1540	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1541	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1542	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1543	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
	1544
	1545
	1546	USE indices, &
	1547	ONLY: nx
	1548
	1549
	1550	IMPLICIT NONE
	1551
	1552	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1553	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1554	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1555	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1556	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1557	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1558
	1559	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1560	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[3347]	1561	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
[2938]	1562	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1563
	1564	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1565	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1566	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1567
[3347]	1568	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1569	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1570	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1571	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1572	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1573
	1574
	1575	!
	1576	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1577	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1578	!-- unit variance.
	1579	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
	1580
	1581	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1582	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1583	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1584
	1585	DO i = 0, nx
	1586	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1587	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
	1588	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
	1589	ENDDO
	1590	ENDDO
	1591
	1592	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
	1593
	1594	DO i = 0, nx
	1595	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1596	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
	1597	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
	1598	ENDDO
	1599	ENDDO
	1600
	1601	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
	1602
	1603	DO i = 0, nx
	1604	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1605	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
	1606	ENDDO
	1607	ENDDO
	1608
	1609	!
	1610	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1611	DO i = 0, nx
	1612	DO k = 1, mergp
	1613	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
	1614	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
	1615	ENDDO
	1616	ENDDO
	1617	DO i = 1, mergp
	1618	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1619	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
	1620	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
	1621	ENDDO
	1622	ENDDO
	1623
	1624	!
	1625	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1626	n_x2 = n_x * 2
	1627	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1628	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1629
	1630	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1631	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	1632	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
	1633	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1634	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
	1635	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	1636	ENDDO
	1637	ENDDO
	1638	ENDDO
	1639	ENDDO
	1640
	1641	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1642
	1643	!
	1644	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1645	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	1646	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
	1647
	1648
	1649	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1650	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
[2938]	1651	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	1652	id, comm1dy, ierr )
	1653	#else
	1654	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
	1655	#endif
	1656
	1657
	1658	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	1659
[3347]	1660	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1661	! Description:
	1662	! ------------
	1663	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
	1664	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
	1665	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
	1666	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
	1667	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1668	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1669
	1670	USE arrays_3d, &
	1671	ONLY: zu
	1672
	1673	IMPLICIT NONE
	1674
	1675	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1676
	1677	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
	1678
	1679	!
	1680	!--
	1681	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1682
	1683	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1684	!
	1685	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
	1686	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
	1687	!
	1688	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
	1689	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
	1690	!-- zero.
	1691	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
	1692	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
	1693	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
	1694	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
	1695	0.0_wp, &
	1696	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
	1697	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
	1698	)
	1699
	1700	r22(k) = r11(k)
	1701	!
	1702	!-- w'w'
	1703	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	1704	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	1705	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	1706	)
	1707	!
	1708	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
	1709	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
	1710	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
	1711	)
	1712
	1713	r32(k) = r31(k)
	1714	!
	1715	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
	1716	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
	1717	r21(k) = r31(k)
	1718	!
	1719	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
	1720	ELSE
	1721	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1722	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1723	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1724	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1725	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1726	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1727	ENDIF
	1728	! write(9,*) zu(k), r11(k), r33(k), r31(k), zi_ribulk, scale_us, scale_wm, scale_l
	1729	ENDDO
	1730
	1731	!
	1732	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1733	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1734	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	1735	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	1736
	1737	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1738	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	1739	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	1740
	1741
	1742	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1743
	1744	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1745	! Description:
	1746	! ------------
	1747	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	1748	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1749	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1750
	1751	IMPLICIT NONE
	1752
	1753	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1754
	1755	!
	1756	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	1757	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1758	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1759	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
	1760	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	1761	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	1762	ELSE
	1763	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1764	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1765	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1766	ENDIF
	1767	ENDDO
	1768	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1769	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
	1770	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1771	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
	1772	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
	1773	ELSE
	1774	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1775	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1776	ENDIF
	1777	ENDDO
	1778	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1779	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
	1780	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1781	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	1782	ELSE
	1783	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1784	ENDIF
	1785	ENDDO
	1786	!
	1787	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1788	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	1789	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	1790	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
	1791	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
	1792	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
	1793	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
	1794
	1795	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1796
	1797	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1798	! Description:
	1799	! ------------
	1800	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
	1801	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	1802	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1803	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1804
	1805	IMPLICIT NONE
	1806
	1807	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
	1808
	1809	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'start' )
	1810	!
	1811	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
	1812	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
	1813	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
	1814	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	1815	!
	1816	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
	1817	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	1818	!
	1819	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	1820	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	1821	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	1822	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	1823	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1824	!
	1825	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	1826	!-- (Lund rotation)
	1827	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	1828	!
	1829	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
	1830	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
	1831	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	1832	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
	1833	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
	1834	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	1835	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
	1836	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
	1837	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	1838	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	1839	!
	1840	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	1841	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
	1842
	1843	CALL cpu_log( log_point(57), 'synthetic_turbulence_gen', 'stop' )
	1844
	1845	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1846
	1847
	1848	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1849	! Description:
	1850	! ------------
	1851	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
	1852	!> from measurements.
	1853	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1854	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	1855
	1856	USE arrays_3d, &
	1857	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init, zu, zw
	1858
	1859	USE grid_variables, &
	1860	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
	1861
	1862	USE statistics, &
	1863	ONLY: hom
	1864
	1865	IMPLICIT NONE
	1866
	1867
	1868	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1869
	1870	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
	1871
	1872	!
	1873	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
	1874	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
	1875	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
	1876	!
	1877	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
	1878	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
	1879	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
	1880	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
	1881	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
	1882	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
	1883	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
	1884	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
	1885	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
	1886	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1887
	1888	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
	1889
	1890	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1891	!
	1892	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	1893	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1894	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1895	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1896	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1897	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1898	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1899	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1900	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1901	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1902	!
	1903	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
	1904	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
	1905	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
	1906	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
	1907	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
	1908	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	1909	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	1910	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	1911	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	1912	!
	1913	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
	1914	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
	1915	!
	1916	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
	1917	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
	1918	!-- computations power.
	1919	ELSE
	1920	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
	1921	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
	1922	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
	1923	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
	1924	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
	1925	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
	1926	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
	1927	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
	1928	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
	1929
	1930	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
	1931	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
	1932	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
	1933	ENDIF
	1934	ENDDO
	1935	!
	1936	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	1937	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	1938	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	1939	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	1940	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	1941	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	1942	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	1943	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	1944	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	1945	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	1946
	1947	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	1948	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	1949	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
	1950
	1951
	1952	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	1953
	1954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1955	! Description:
	1956	! ------------
	1957	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
	1958	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
	1959	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
	1960	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1961	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	1962
	1963
	1964	USE control_parameters, &
	1965	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
	1966	humidity, pt_surface
	1967
	1968	USE indices, &
	1969	ONLY: nx, ny
	1970
	1971	USE surface_mod, &
	1972	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
	1973
	1974	IMPLICIT NONE
	1975
	1976	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1977	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1978	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1979	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for reference height
	1980	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
	1981
	1982	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
	1983	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	1984	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	1985	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
	1986	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
	1987	REAL(wp) :: vpt_surface !< near-surface virtual potential temperature
	1988	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	1989	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
	1990	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
	1991
	1992	!
	1993	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
	1994	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
	1995	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
	1996	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
	1997	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
	1998	!-- This need to be revised later.
	1999	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2000	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2001	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	2002	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
	2003	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
	2004	ENDDO
	2005	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	2006	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
	2007	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
	2008	ENDDO
	2009	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	2010	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
	2011	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
	2012	ENDDO
	2013
	2014	#if defined( __parallel )
	2015	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2016	comm2d, ierr )
	2017	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2018	comm2d, ierr )
	2019	#else
	2020	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
	2021	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2022	#endif
	2023	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2024	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2025
	2026	!
	2027	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
	2028	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
	2029	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
	2030	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
	2031	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
	2032	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height.
	2033	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
	2034	!-- COSMO vertical level.
	2035	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
	2036
	2037	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
	2038	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
	2039
	2040	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
	2041
	2042	DO j = nys, nyn
	2043	!
	2044	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
	2045	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
	2046	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
	2047	!-- inflow profiles.
	2048	u_int = MERGE( u(k_ref,j,i+1), u(k_ref,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
	2049	v_int = v(k_ref,j,i)
	2050	!
	2051	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
	2052	!-- neutral condtions.
	2053	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
	2054	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
	2055	LOG( zu(k_ref) / z0_mean )
	2056
	2057	ENDDO
	2058
	2059	ENDIF
	2060
	2061	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
	2062
	2063	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
	2064
	2065	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2066
	2067	u_int = u(k_ref,j,i)
	2068	v_int = MERGE( v(k_ref,j+1,i), v(k_ref,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
	2069
	2070	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
	2071	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
	2072	LOG( zu(k_ref) / z0_mean )
	2073
	2074	ENDDO
	2075
	2076	ENDIF
	2077
	2078	#if defined( __parallel )
	2079	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2080	comm2d, ierr )
	2081	#else
	2082	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2083	#endif
	2084	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
	2085
	2086	!
	2087	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
	2088	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2089	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
	2090	ELSE
	2091	scale_l = 0.0_wp
	2092	ENDIF
	2093
	2094	!
	2095	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
	2096	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
	2097	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2098	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2099	ELSE
	2100	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2101	ENDIF
	2102	!
	2103	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
	2104	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
	2105	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
	2106	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2107
	2108	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2109
[2259]	2110	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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