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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 4050

Last change on this file since 4050 was 3987, checked in by kanani, 5 years ago
clean up location, debug and error messages
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 75.9 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3745]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z suehring $
[3987]	28	! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping
	29	!
	30	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	31	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	32	! of additional debug messages
	33	!
	34	! 3881 2019-04-10 09:31:22Z suehring
[3881]	35	! Assure that Obukhov length does not become zero
	36	!
	37	! 3834 2019-03-28 15:40:15Z forkel
[3833]	38	! added USE chem_gasphase_mod
	39	!
	40	! 3787 2019-03-07 08:43:54Z raasch
[3787]	41	! unused variables removed
	42	!
	43	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	44	! Bugfix, missing calculation of 10cm temperature at vertical building walls,
	45	! required for indoor model
	46	!
	47	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	48	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	49	!
	50	! 3668 2019-01-14 12:49:24Z maronga
[3668]	51	! Removed methods "circular" and "lookup"
	52	!
	53	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3634]	54	! OpenACC port for SPEC
	55	!
	56	! 3597 2018-12-04 08:40:18Z maronga
[3597]	57	! Added routine for calculating near surface air potential temperature (moved
	58	! from urban_surface_mod)
	59	!
	60	! 3547 2018-11-21 13:21:24Z suehring
[3547]	61	! variables documented
	62	!
	63	! 3361 2018-10-16 20:39:37Z knoop
[3274]	64	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	65	!
	66	! 3271 2018-09-24 08:20:34Z suehring
[3271]	67	! Comment revised
	68	!
	69	! 3157 2018-07-19 21:08:49Z maronga
[3157]	70	! Added local free convection velocity scale w_lfc in calculation of uvw_abs.
	71	! This can be switche on/off by the user via the flag namelist parameter
	72	! use_free_convection_scaling
	73	!
	74	! 3152 2018-07-19 13:26:52Z suehring
[3152]	75	! q_surface is now part of surface structure
	76	!
	77	! 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga
[3149]	78	! Correct accidental last commit
	79	!
	80	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	81	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	82	!
	83	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	84	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	85	!
	86	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	87	! Error message revised
	88	!
	89	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	90	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	91	!
	92	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	93	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	94	!
	95	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	96	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	97	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	98	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	99	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	100	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	101	!
	102	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	103	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	104	!
	105	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	106	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	107	!
	108	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	109	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	110	!
	111	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	112	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	113	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	114	! and cloud water content (qc).
	115	!
	116	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	117	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	118	!
	119	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	120	!
[2233]	121	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	122	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	123	! OpenMP bugfix
	124	!
[2119]	125	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	126	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	127	!
[2092]	128	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	129	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	130	!
[2077]	131	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	132	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	133	!
[2074]	134	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	135	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	136	!
[2038]	137	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	138	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	139	!
[2012]	140	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	141	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	142	!
[2008]	143	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	144	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	145	!
[2001]	146	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	147	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	148	!
[1993]	149	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	150	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	151	!
[1961]	152	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	153	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	154	!
[1930]	155	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	156	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	157	! completely surrounded by topography
	158	!
[1921]	159	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	160	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	161	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	162	!
[1916]	163	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	164	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	165	! timestep
	166	!
[1851]	167	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	168	! Module renamed
	169	!
	170	!
[1823]	171	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	172	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	173	!
[1789]	174	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	175	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	176	! humidity.
	177	! Syntax layout improved.
	178	!
[1758]	179	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	180	! Minor fixes.
	181	!
[1750]	182	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	183	! further OpenACC adjustments
	184	!
[1748]	185	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	186	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	187	!
[1710]	188	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	189	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	190	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	191	! neutral = .T.
	192	!
[1706]	193	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	194	! Typo removed
	195	!
[1698]	196	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	197	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	198	!
[1697]	199	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	200	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	201	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	202	! updated description.
	203	!
	204	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	205	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	206	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	207	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	208	! directly prescribed by the user.
	209	!
	210	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	211	! Adapted for land surface model
	212	!
	213	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	214	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	215	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	216	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	217	!
	218	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	219	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	220	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	221	!
	222	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	223	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	224	!
	225	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	226	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	227	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	228	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	229	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	230	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	231	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	232	! all variable declaration statements
	233	!
	234	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	235	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	236	!
	237	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	238	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	239	!
	240	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	241	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	242	!
	243	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	244	! OpenACC statements added
	245	!
	246	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	247	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	248	!
	249	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	250	! Initial revision
	251	!
	252	!
	253	! Description:
	254	! ------------
	255	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
[3668]	256	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1 based on Newton iteration
[1691]	257	!>
	258	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	259	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	260	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	261	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	262	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	263
	264	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	265	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
[3274]	266	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw, d_exner
[1691]	267
[3274]	268	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3361]	269	ONLY: g, kappa, lv_d_cp, pi, rd_d_rv
[3274]	270
[3833]	271	USE chem_gasphase_mod, &
	272	ONLY: nvar
	273
[2696]	274	USE chem_modules, &
[3834]	275	ONLY: constant_csflux
[2696]	276
[1691]	277	USE cpulog
	278
	279	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	280	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, &
	281	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
[3885]	282	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, &
[3987]	283	debug_output_timestep, &
[3885]	284	do_output_at_2m, humidity, &
[3597]	285	ibc_e_b, ibc_pt_b, indoor_model, initializing_actions, &
[2232]	286	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[3274]	287	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, message_string, &
[3668]	288	neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
[2292]	289	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[3157]	290	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, &
	291	use_free_convection_scaling, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	292
[2232]	293	USE grid_variables, &
	294	ONLY: dx, dy
	295
[1691]	296	USE indices, &
[2232]	297	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	298
	299	USE kinds
	300
[3274]	301	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	302	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert
	303
[1691]	304	USE pegrid
	305
	306	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	307	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	308
[2232]	309	USE surface_mod, &
	310	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	311	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	312
[1691]	313
	314	IMPLICIT NONE
	315
[1992]	316	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	317	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	318	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	319	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
[1691]	320
[2232]	321	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	322
[2232]	323	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	324	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	325	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	326	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	327	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	328	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	329
	330	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	331	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	332	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	333
[2232]	334	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	335
[2232]	336
[1691]	337	SAVE
	338
	339	PRIVATE
	340
[3130]	341	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	342
	343	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	344	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	345	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	346
[3130]	347	INTERFACE phi_m
	348	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	349	END INTERFACE phi_m
	350
[1691]	351	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	352	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	353	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	354
	355
	356	CONTAINS
	357
	358
	359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	360	! Description:
	361	! ------------
	362	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	363	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	364	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	365
	366	IMPLICIT NONE
	367
[3885]	368
[3987]	369	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'start' )
[3885]	370
[3547]	371	surf_vertical = .FALSE. !< flag indicating vertically orientated surface elements
	372	downward = .FALSE. !< flag indicating downward-facing surface elements
[1691]	373	!
[2696]	374	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	375	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	376	!
[2696]	377	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	378	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	379	DO l = 0, 1
	380	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	381	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	382	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	383	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	384	CALL calc_pt_surface
	385	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3152]	386	CALL calc_q_surface
[3146]	387	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	388	ENDIF
	389	ENDIF
[2696]	390	ENDIF
	391	ENDDO
[2232]	392	!
[2696]	393	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	394	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	395	surf => surf_lsm_h
	396	CALL calc_pt_q
	397	ENDIF
	398
	399	!
	400	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	401	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	402	surf => surf_usm_h
	403	CALL calc_pt_q
	404	ENDIF
	405
	406	!
	407	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	408	DO l = 0, 3
	409	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	410	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	411	CALL calc_pt_q
	412	ENDIF
[2696]	413
[3146]	414	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	415	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	416	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	417	CALL calc_pt_q
	418	ENDIF
[2696]	419	ENDDO
[1691]	420
	421	!
	422	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	423	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
[3668]	424	!-- surface fluxes if required. Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
[2232]	425	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	426	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
[3668]	427	!-- surfaces are treated.
	428
[2232]	429	!
[3668]	430	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	431	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	432	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	433	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	434	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	435	CALL calc_us
	436	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	437	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	438	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	439	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[1691]	440	ENDIF
[3668]	441	ENDIF
[1691]	442	!
[3668]	443	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	444	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	445	surf => surf_lsm_h
	446	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	447	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	448	CALL calc_us
	449	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	450	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	451	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	452	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[2232]	453	ENDIF
[3668]	454	ENDIF
[2232]	455	!
[3668]	456	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	457	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	458	surf => surf_usm_h
	459	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	460	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	461	CALL calc_us
	462	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	463	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	464	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	465	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[2232]	466	ENDIF
[3744]	467	!
	468	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	469	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[3668]	470	ENDIF
[1691]	471
[2232]	472	!
	473	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	474	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	475	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	476	!-- most_method is required.
	477	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	478	downward = .TRUE.
	479	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	480	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	481	CALL calc_us
	482	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	483	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	484	ENDIF
[2232]	485	!
	486	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	487	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	488	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	489	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	490	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	491	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	492	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	493	!
	494	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	495	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	496	!-- For default-type surfaces
	497	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	498	DO l = 0, 1
	499	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	500	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	501	!
	502	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	503	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	504	!
	505	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	506	CALL calc_us
	507	!
	508	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	509	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	510	ENDIF
	511	ENDDO
	512	!
	513	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	514	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	515	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	516	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	517	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	518	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
[3668]	519	DO l = 0, 1
	520	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	521	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	522	!
[3668]	523	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	524	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
[2232]	525	!
[3668]	526	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	527	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
[2232]	528	!
[3668]	529	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	530	CALL calc_us
[2232]	531	!
[3668]	532	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	533	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
[2232]	534	!
[3668]	535	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	536	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	537	ENDIF
	538	ENDDO
[2232]	539	!
	540	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	541	!-- to be computed.
	542	ELSE
	543	DO l = 0, 1
	544	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	545	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	546	!
	547	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	548	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	549	!
	550	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	551	CALL calc_us
	552	!
	553	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	554	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	555	ENDIF
	556	ENDDO
	557	ENDIF
	558	!
	559	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	560	DO l = 0, 1
	561	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	562	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	563	!
	564	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	565	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	566	!
	567	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	568	CALL calc_us
	569	!
	570	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	571	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	572	!
	573	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	574	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[2232]	575	ENDIF
	576	ENDDO
	577	!
	578	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	579	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	580	!-- For default-type surfaces
	581	DO l = 2, 3
	582	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	583	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	584	!
	585	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	586	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	587	!
	588	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	589	CALL calc_us
	590	!
	591	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	592	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	593
[2232]	594	ENDIF
	595	ENDDO
	596	!
	597	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	598	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	599	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	600	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	601	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	602	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
[3668]	603	DO l = 2, 3
	604	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	605	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	606	!
[3668]	607	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	608	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
[2232]	609	!
[3668]	610	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	611	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
[2232]	612	!
[3668]	613	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	614	CALL calc_us
[2232]	615	!
[3668]	616	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	617	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
[2232]	618	!
[3668]	619	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	620	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	621	ENDIF
	622	ENDDO
[2232]	623	ELSE
	624	DO l = 2, 3
	625	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	626	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	627	!
	628	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	629	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	630	!
	631	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	632	CALL calc_us
	633	!
	634	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	635	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	636	ENDIF
	637	ENDDO
	638	ENDIF
	639	!
	640	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	641	DO l = 2, 3
	642	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	643	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	644	!
	645	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	646	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	647	!
	648	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	649	CALL calc_us
	650	!
	651	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	652	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	653	!
	654	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	655	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[2232]	656	ENDIF
	657	ENDDO
	658	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	659	!
	660	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	661	!-- surfaces.
	662	mom_w = .TRUE.
	663	!
	664	!-- Default-type surfaces
	665	DO l = 0, 3
	666	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	667	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	668	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	669	CALL calc_us
	670	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	671	ENDIF
	672	ENDDO
	673	!
	674	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	675	DO l = 0, 3
	676	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	677	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	678	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	679	CALL calc_us
	680	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	681	ENDIF
	682	ENDDO
	683	!
	684	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	685	DO l = 0, 3
	686	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	687	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	688	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	689	CALL calc_us
	690	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	691	ENDIF
	692	ENDDO
	693	mom_w = .FALSE.
	694	!
	695	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	696	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	697	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	698	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	699	!
	700	!-- Default-type surfaces
	701	DO l = 0, 3
	702	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	703	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	704	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	705	CALL calc_us
	706	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	707	ENDIF
	708	ENDDO
	709	!
	710	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	711	DO l = 0, 3
	712	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	713	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	714	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	715	CALL calc_us
	716	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	717	ENDIF
	718	ENDDO
	719	!
	720	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	721	DO l = 0, 3
	722	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	723	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	724	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	725	CALL calc_us
	726	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	727	ENDIF
	728	ENDDO
	729	mom_tke = .FALSE.
[1691]	730
[3987]	731	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'end' )
[3885]	732
[1691]	733	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	734
	735
	736	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	737	! Description:
	738	! ------------
	739	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	740	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	741	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	742	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	743	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	744
	745	IMPLICIT NONE
	746
	747
[3885]	748	CALL location_message( 'initializing surface layer', 'start' )
[1709]	749
	750	!
	751	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	752	!-- large value
[2232]	753	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	754	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	755	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	756	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	757	ENDIF
[1709]	758
[3885]	759	CALL location_message( 'initializing surface layer', 'finished' )
[3685]	760
[1691]	761	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	762
	763
	764	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	765	! Description:
	766	! ------------
[1709]	767	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	768	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	769	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	770	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[3157]	771
[1691]	772	IMPLICIT NONE
	773
[2232]	774	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	775	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	776	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	777	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	778	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	779
[3157]	780	REAL(wp) :: w_lfc !< local free convection velocity scale
[2232]	781	!
	782	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	783	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	784
[3634]	785	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, w_lfc) &
	786	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, u, v)
[2232]	787	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	788
[2232]	789	i = surf%i(m)
	790	j = surf%j(m)
	791	k = surf%k(m)
[3157]	792
[1691]	793	!
[3157]	794	!-- Calculate free convection velocity scale w_lfc is
	795	!-- use_free_convection_scaling = .T.. This will maintain a horizontal
	796	!-- velocity even for very weak wind convective conditions. SIGN is used
	797	!-- to set w_lfc to zero under stable conditions.
	798	IF ( use_free_convection_scaling ) THEN
	799	w_lfc = ABS(g / surf%pt1(m) * surf%z_mo(m) * surf%shf(m))
	800	w_lfc = ( 0.5_wp * ( w_lfc + SIGN(w_lfc,surf%shf(m)) ) )**(0.33333_wp)
	801	ELSE
	802	w_lfc = 0.0_wp
	803	ENDIF
	804
	805	!
[2232]	806	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	807	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	808	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	809	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	810	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	811	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	812	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	813	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	814	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	815	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	816	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	817	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	818	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	819	) * ibit &
	820	) &
	821	)**2 + &
	822	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	823	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	824	) * ibit &
	825	) &
[3157]	826	)2 + w_lfc2 &
[2232]	827	)
	828
[3148]	829
	830
[1691]	831	ENDDO
	832
[2232]	833	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	834
	835
	836	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	837	! Description:
	838	! ------------
	839	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	840	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	841	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	842	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	843
	844	IMPLICIT NONE
	845
[3547]	846	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	847	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	848	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	849	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	850
[3547]	851	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on xu-grid
	852	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on xu-grid
[2232]	853
	854
	855	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	856	i = surf%i(m)
	857	j = surf%j(m)
	858	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	859	!
[2232]	860	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	861	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	862	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	863	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	864
[2232]	865	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	866
[2232]	867	ENDDO
[1709]	868
[2232]	869	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	870
[1709]	871	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	872	! Description:
	873	! ------------
[2232]	874	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	875	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	876	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	877	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	878
	879	IMPLICIT NONE
	880
[3547]	881	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	882	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	883	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	884	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	885
[3547]	886	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on yv-grid
	887	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on yv-grid
[2232]	888
	889
	890	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	891	i = surf%i(m)
	892	j = surf%j(m)
	893	k = surf%k(m)
	894
	895	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	896	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	897	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	898
	899	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	900
	901	ENDDO
	902
	903	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	904
	905	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	906	! Description:
	907	! ------------
	908	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	909	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	910	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	911	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	912
	913	IMPLICIT NONE
	914
[3547]	915	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	916	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	917	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	918	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	919
[3547]	920	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on x-zw-grid
	921	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on y-zw-grid
	922	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on zw-grid
[2232]	923	!
	924	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	925	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	926	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	927	i = surf%i(m)
	928	j = surf%j(m)
	929	k = surf%k(m)
	930
	931	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	932	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	933	v_i = 0.0_wp
	934	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	935
	936	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	937	ENDDO
	938	!
	939	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	940	ELSE
	941	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	942	i = surf%i(m)
	943	j = surf%j(m)
	944	k = surf%k(m)
	945
	946	u_i = 0.0_wp
	947	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	948	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	949	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	950
	951	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	952	ENDDO
	953	ENDIF
	954
	955	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	956
	957	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	958	! Description:
	959	! ------------
	960	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	961	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	962	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	963	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	964
	965	IMPLICIT NONE
	966
[3547]	967	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	968	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	969	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	970	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	971
[3547]	972	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on scalar grid
	973	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on scalar grid
	974	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on scalar grid
[2232]	975
	976	!
	977	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	978	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	979	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	980	i = surf%i(m)
	981	j = surf%j(m)
	982	k = surf%k(m)
	983
	984	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	985	v_i = 0.0_wp
	986	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	987
	988	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	989	ENDDO
	990	!
	991	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	992	ELSE
	993	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	994	i = surf%i(m)
	995	j = surf%j(m)
	996	k = surf%k(m)
	997
	998	u_i = 0.0_wp
	999	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1000	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1001
	1002	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1003	ENDDO
	1004	ENDIF
	1005
	1006	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1007
	1008
	1009	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1010	! Description:
	1011	! ------------
[1709]	1012	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1013	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1014	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1015
	1016	IMPLICIT NONE
	1017
[2232]	1018	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1019	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1020
	1021	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1022	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1023	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1024	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1025	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1026	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1027
[2232]	1028	!
[3668]	1029	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1030	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1031	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1032	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1033	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1034	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1035
[3668]	1036	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1037
[3668]	1038	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1039	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1040	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1041	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1042	ENDDO
	1043	ELSE
	1044	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1045	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[2232]	1046
[3668]	1047	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1048
[3668]	1049	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1050	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1051	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1052	ENDDO
	1053	ENDIF
	1054	ELSE
	1055	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1056	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
	1057	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[2232]	1058
[3668]	1059	k = surf%k(m)
[2232]	1060
[3668]	1061	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1062
[3668]	1063	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1064	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1065	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1066	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1067	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1068	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[3668]	1069	ENDDO
	1070	ELSE
	1071	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
	1072	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(k, z_mo) &
	1073	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, drho_air_zw)
	1074	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1075
[3668]	1076	k = surf%k(m)
[2232]	1077
[3668]	1078	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1079
[3668]	1080	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1081	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1082	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
	1083	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1084	ENDDO
[2232]	1085	ENDIF
[1691]	1086	ENDIF
	1087
	1088	!
[3668]	1089	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length using Newton iteration
	1090	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, z_mo) &
	1091	!$ACC PRIVATE(ol_old, ol_m, ol_l, ol_u, f, f_d_ol) &
	1092	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
	1093	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1094
[3668]	1095	i = surf%i(m)
	1096	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1097
[3668]	1098	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1099
	1100	!
[3668]	1101	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1102	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1103
	1104	!
[3668]	1105	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1106	!-- length have the same sign
	1107	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1108	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1109	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1110	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1111	ENDIF
[1691]	1112	!
[3668]	1113	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1114	iter = 0
	1115	DO
	1116	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1117	!
[3668]	1118	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1119	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1120	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1121	EXIT
	1122	ENDIF
[1691]	1123
[3668]	1124	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1125	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1126	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1127
	1128
[3668]	1129	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1130	!
[3668]	1131	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1132	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1133	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1134	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1135	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1136	ol_m ) &
	1137	) &
	1138	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1139	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1140	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
[2232]	1141	)**2
[1691]	1142
	1143	!
[3668]	1144	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1145	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1146	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1147	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1148	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1149	) &
	1150	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1151	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1152	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1153	)**2 &
	1154	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1155	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1156	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1157	) &
	1158	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1159	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1160	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1161	)**2 &
	1162	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1163	ELSE
[1691]	1164	!
[3668]	1165	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1166	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1167	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1168	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1169	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1170	)**3
[1691]	1171
	1172	!
[3668]	1173	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1174	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1175	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1176	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1177	)**3 &
[2232]	1178	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
[3668]	1179	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1180	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1181	)**3 &
	1182	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1183	ENDIF
[1691]	1184	!
[3668]	1185	!-- Calculate new L
	1186	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1187
	1188	!
[3668]	1189	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1190	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1191	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1192	!
[3668]	1193	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1194	!-- value that is allowed
	1195	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1196	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1197	EXIT
	1198	ENDIF
[1691]	1199	!
[3668]	1200	!-- Check for convergence
	1201	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1202	EXIT
[2232]	1203	ELSE
[3668]	1204	CYCLE
[2232]	1205	ENDIF
[3881]	1206	!
	1207	!-- Assure that Obukhov length does not become zero
	1208	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) < 1E-6_wp ) &
	1209	surf%ol(m) = SIGN( 10E-6_wp, surf%ol(m) )
[1691]	1210
	1211	ENDDO
[3668]	1212	ENDDO
[1691]	1213
	1214	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1215
	1216	!
	1217	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1218	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1219
	1220	IMPLICIT NONE
	1221
[2232]	1222	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1223
[2232]	1224	!
	1225	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1226	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1227	!
	1228	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1229	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1230	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1231	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1232	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1233	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1234
[2232]	1235	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1236	!
[2232]	1237	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1238	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1239	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1240	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1241	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1242
	1243	ENDDO
	1244	!
	1245	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1246	!-- any stability.
	1247	ELSE
[2281]	1248	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1249	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1250	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1251	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1252
	1253	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1254	!
	1255	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1256	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1257
	1258	ENDDO
	1259	ENDIF
	1260	!
	1261	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1262	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1263	ELSE
	1264	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1265	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1266	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1267	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1268	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1269
	1270	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1271	ENDDO
[2232]	1272	ENDIF
[1691]	1273
	1274	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1275
	1276	!
[3146]	1277	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1278	!-- temperature at first grid level
[1691]	1279	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1280
	1281	IMPLICIT NONE
	1282
[2232]	1283	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1284
	1285	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1286	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1287	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, pt)
[2232]	1288	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1289
	1290	i = surf%i(m)
	1291	j = surf%j(m)
	1292	k = surf%k(m)
	1293
[3634]	1294	#ifndef _OPENACC
[3274]	1295	IF ( bulk_cloud_model ) THEN
	1296	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1297	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1298	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
[3274]	1299	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1300	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1301	ELSE
[3634]	1302	#endif
[2696]	1303	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
[3634]	1304	#ifndef _OPENACC
[2696]	1305	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1306	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1307	ELSE
[3634]	1308	#endif
[2696]	1309	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
[3634]	1310	#ifndef _OPENACC
[2696]	1311	ENDIF
[2547]	1312	ENDIF
[2232]	1313
[3146]	1314	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1315	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1316	ENDIF
[3634]	1317	#endif
[3146]	1318
[1691]	1319	ENDDO
	1320
	1321	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1322
[2696]	1323
[1691]	1324	!
[3152]	1325	!-- Set potential temperature at surface grid level.
[2696]	1326	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1327	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1328
	1329	IMPLICIT NONE
	1330
[3146]	1331	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1332	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1333
[3146]	1334	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1335	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1336	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1337	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, pt)
[2696]	1338	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1339
	1340	i = surf%i(m)
	1341	j = surf%j(m)
	1342	k = surf%k(m)
	1343
[3146]	1344	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1345
	1346	ENDDO
	1347
	1348	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1349
	1350	!
[3152]	1351	!-- Set mixing ratio at surface grid level. ( Only for upward-facing surfs. )
	1352	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1353
	1354	IMPLICIT NONE
	1355
	1356	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1357	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1358
	1359	k_off = surf%koff
	1360	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1361	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1362
	1363	i = surf%i(m)
	1364	j = surf%j(m)
	1365	k = surf%k(m)
	1366
	1367	surf%q_surface(m) = q(k+k_off,j,i)
	1368
	1369	ENDDO
	1370
	1371	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1372
	1373	!
	1374	!-- Set virtual potential temperature at surface grid level.
[3146]	1375	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1376	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1377
	1378	IMPLICIT NONE
	1379
	1380	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1381	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1382
	1383	k_off = surf%koff
	1384	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1385	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1386
	1387	i = surf%i(m)
	1388	j = surf%j(m)
	1389	k = surf%k(m)
	1390
	1391	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1392
	1393	ENDDO
	1394
	1395	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1396
	1397	!
[2292]	1398	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1399	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1400
	1401	IMPLICIT NONE
	1402
[2232]	1403
	1404	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1405	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1406	!
[2232]	1407	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1408	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1409	!
	1410	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1411
	1412	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1413	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1414	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, drho_air_zw)
[2232]	1415	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1416
	1417	i = surf%i(m)
	1418	j = surf%j(m)
	1419	k = surf%k(m)
	1420
	1421	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1422	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1423
[1691]	1424	!
[2232]	1425	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1426	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1427	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1428	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1429
[1691]	1430	ENDDO
	1431
[2232]	1432	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1433	!
	1434	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1435	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1436
	1437	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1438	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1439	i = surf%i(m)
	1440	j = surf%j(m)
	1441	k = surf%k(m)
	1442
	1443	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1444	ENDDO
	1445	ENDIF
	1446
[2696]	1447	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1448	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1449
[2696]	1450	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1451
[2696]	1452	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1453	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1454	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1455	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1456
[2696]	1457	ENDDO
[2232]	1458
	1459	ENDIF
	1460	!
	1461	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1462	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1463	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1464	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1465	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1466
	1467	i = surf%i(m)
	1468	j = surf%j(m)
	1469	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1470	!
	1471	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1472	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1473	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1474	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1475
[1691]	1476	ENDDO
	1477	ENDIF
	1478
	1479	!
[2232]	1480	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1481	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1482	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1483	!
[1788]	1484	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1485	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1486	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1487
	1488	i = surf%i(m)
	1489	j = surf%j(m)
	1490	k = surf%k(m)
	1491	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1492	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1493
[1691]	1494	ENDDO
	1495
[2232]	1496	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1497	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1498	run_coupled )
	1499
[1788]	1500	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1501	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1502	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1503
	1504	i = surf%i(m)
	1505	j = surf%j(m)
	1506	k = surf%k(m)
	1507	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1508
[1691]	1509	ENDDO
	1510	ENDIF
	1511
	1512	!
[2232]	1513	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1514	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1515	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1516	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1517	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1518	i = surf%i(m)
	1519	j = surf%j(m)
	1520	k = surf%k(m)
	1521	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1522	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1523	- 273.15_wp ) )
[3361]	1524	q(k-1,j,i) = rd_d_rv * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
[2232]	1525	ENDDO
	1526	ENDIF
[1691]	1527
[3274]	1528	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1529	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1530	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1531
[2232]	1532	i = surf%i(m)
	1533	j = surf%j(m)
	1534	k = surf%k(m)
	1535
	1536	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1537
[3152]	1538	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - surf%q_surface(m) ) &
[2232]	1539	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1540	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1541	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1542	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1543	ENDDO
[2232]	1544	ELSE
	1545	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1546	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1547
	1548	i = surf%i(m)
	1549	j = surf%j(m)
	1550	k = surf%k(m)
	1551
	1552	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1553
	1554	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1555	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1556	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1557	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1558	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1559	ENDDO
	1560	ENDIF
	1561	ENDIF
	1562	!
	1563	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1564	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1565	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1566	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1567
	1568	i = surf%i(m)
	1569	j = surf%j(m)
	1570	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1571
[1691]	1572	ENDDO
	1573	ENDIF
	1574	ENDIF
[1960]	1575
	1576	!
	1577	!-- If required compute s*
	1578	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1579	!
[2232]	1580	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1581	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1582	!
	1583	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1584	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1585	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1586	i = surf%i(m)
	1587	j = surf%j(m)
	1588	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1589	ENDDO
	1590	ENDIF
[2232]	1591	!
	1592	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1593	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1594	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1595	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1596	i = surf%i(m)
	1597	j = surf%j(m)
	1598	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1599	ENDDO
	1600	ENDIF
[1960]	1601	ENDIF
[1691]	1602
[2292]	1603	!
[2696]	1604	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1605	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1606	!
	1607	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1608	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1609	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1610	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1611	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1612	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1613	i = surf%i(m)
	1614	j = surf%j(m)
	1615	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1616	ENDDO
	1617	ENDIF
	1618	ENDDO
	1619	!
	1620	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1621	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1622	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1623	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1624	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1625	i = surf%i(m)
	1626	j = surf%j(m)
	1627	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1628	ENDDO
	1629	ENDDO
	1630	ENDIF
	1631	ENDIF
	1632
	1633	!
[2292]	1634	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
[3274]	1635	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1636	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1637	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1638	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1639
[2292]	1640	i = surf%i(m)
	1641	j = surf%j(m)
	1642	k = surf%k(m)
	1643
	1644	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1645
	1646	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1647	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1648	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1649	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1650
	1651	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1652	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1653	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1654	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1655	ENDDO
	1656
	1657	ENDIF
	1658
[1691]	1659	!
	1660	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[3274]	1661	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1662	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1663	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1664	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1665
[2232]	1666	i = surf%i(m)
	1667	j = surf%j(m)
	1668	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1669
[2232]	1670	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1671
[2232]	1672	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1673	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1674	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1675	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1676
[2232]	1677	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1678	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1679	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1680	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1681	ENDDO
	1682
	1683	ENDIF
	1684
	1685	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1686
	1687
	1688
	1689	!
[2292]	1690	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1691	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1692
	1693	IMPLICIT NONE
	1694
[2696]	1695	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1696	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1697
[2232]	1698	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1699	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1700	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1701	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1702	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1703	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1704
	1705	!
[2232]	1706	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1707	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1708	!
	1709	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1710	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1711	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1712	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
[3634]	1713	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, z_mo) &
	1714	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, u, rho_air_zw)
[2232]	1715	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1716
	1717	i = surf%i(m)
	1718	j = surf%j(m)
	1719	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1720
[2232]	1721	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1722
[2232]	1723	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1724	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1725	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1726	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1727	!
	1728	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1729	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1730	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1731	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1732	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1733	!-- tests had shown.
	1734	!-- Same also for ol.
	1735	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1736
[2232]	1737	ENDDO
[1691]	1738	!
[2232]	1739	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1740	ELSE
	1741	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1742	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1743
	1744	i = surf%i(m)
	1745	j = surf%j(m)
	1746	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1747
[2232]	1748	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1749
	1750	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1751	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1752
[2232]	1753	ENDDO
	1754	ENDIF
[1691]	1755
[2232]	1756	!
	1757	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1758	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1759	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	1760	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1761	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
[3634]	1762	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, z_mo) &
	1763	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, v, rho_air_zw)
[2232]	1764	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1765	i = surf%i(m)
	1766	j = surf%j(m)
	1767	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1768
[2232]	1769	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1770
[2232]	1771	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1772	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1773	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1774	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1775	!
[2232]	1776	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1777	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	1778	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1779	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1780	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1781	!-- tests had shown.
	1782	!-- Same also for ol.
	1783	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1784	ENDDO
	1785	!
	1786	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	1787	ELSE
	1788	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1789	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1790	i = surf%i(m)
	1791	j = surf%j(m)
	1792	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1793
[2232]	1794	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1795
	1796	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1797	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	1798	ENDDO
	1799	ENDIF
[1691]	1800	!
[2232]	1801	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	1802	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	1803	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	1804	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	1805	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	1806	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1807	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1808	i = surf%i(m)
	1809	j = surf%j(m)
	1810	k = surf%k(m)
	1811	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1812	ENDDO
[2232]	1813	ENDIF
	1814	!
	1815	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	1816	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	1817	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	1818	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	1819	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	1820	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1821	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1822	i = surf%i(m)
	1823	j = surf%j(m)
	1824	k = surf%k(m)
	1825	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1826	ENDDO
	1827	ENDIF
	1828	!
	1829	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	1830	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	1831	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1832	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1833	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1834
[2232]	1835	i = surf%i(m)
	1836	j = surf%j(m)
	1837	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1838
[2232]	1839	ENDDO
[2292]	1840	ENDIF
[1691]	1841	!
[2696]	1842	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	1843	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1844	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	1845	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	1846	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1847	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1848	i = surf%i(m)
	1849	j = surf%j(m)
	1850	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	1851	ENDDO
	1852	ENDIF
	1853	ENDDO
	1854
	1855	!
[2292]	1856	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
[3274]	1857	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1858	.NOT. downward) THEN
	1859	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1860	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1861
	1862	i = surf%i(m)
	1863	j = surf%j(m)
	1864
	1865	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1866	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1867	ENDDO
	1868	ENDIF
	1869	!
[2232]	1870	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[3274]	1871	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1872	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	1873	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1874	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1875
	1876	i = surf%i(m)
	1877	j = surf%j(m)
	1878
	1879	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1880	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1881	ENDDO
[2232]	1882	ENDIF
[1691]	1883
[1960]	1884	!
[2232]	1885	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	1886	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	1887	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1888	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1889
	1890	i = surf%i(m)
	1891	j = surf%j(m)
	1892	k = surf%k(m)
	1893
	1894	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	1895	!
	1896	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	1897	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	1898	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	1899
[1960]	1900	ENDDO
[2232]	1901	ENDIF
	1902	!
	1903	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	1904	ELSE
	1905	!
	1906	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	1907	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	1908	!
	1909	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	1910	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	1911	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	1912	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	1913	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	1914	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1915	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1916	i = surf%i(m)
	1917	j = surf%j(m)
	1918	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1919
[2232]	1920	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	1921
[2232]	1922	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	1923	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	1924	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1925
	1926	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	1927	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	1928	ENDDO
	1929	ENDIF
[1691]	1930	!
[2232]	1931	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	1932	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	1933	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1934	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1935	i = surf%i(m)
	1936	j = surf%j(m)
	1937	k = surf%k(m)
	1938
	1939	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1940
	1941	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1942
	1943	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	1944	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1945	ENDDO
[2232]	1946	ENDIF
	1947	!
	1948	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	1949	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	1950	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	1951	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	1952	!--
	1953	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	1954	!
	1955	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	1956	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	1957	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	1958	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	1959
[2232]	1960	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1961	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1962	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1963	i = surf%i(m)
	1964	j = surf%j(m)
	1965	k = surf%k(m)
	1966
	1967	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1968	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	1969	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1970	ENDDO
	1971	ELSE
	1972	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1973	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1974	i = surf%i(m)
	1975	j = surf%j(m)
	1976	k = surf%k(m)
	1977
	1978	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	1979	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1980	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1981	ENDDO
	1982	ENDIF
	1983
[2281]	1984	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	1985	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1986	i = surf%i(m)
	1987	j = surf%j(m)
	1988
	1989	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1990
	1991	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1992	!
[2232]	1993	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	1994	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	1995	!
[2232]	1996	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	1997	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	1998
	1999	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2000	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2001	ENDDO
[2232]	2002	!
	2003	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2004	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2005	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2006	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2007	ENDIF
[1691]	2008	ENDIF
	2009
	2010	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2011
[3597]	2012
	2013	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2014	! Description:
	2015	! ------------
	2016	!> Calculates temperature near surface (10 cm) for indoor model or 2 m
	2017	!> temperature for output
	2018	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2019	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_near_surface ( z_char )
[1691]	2020
[3597]	2021	IMPLICIT NONE
	2022
[3787]	2023	CHARACTER (LEN = *), INTENT(IN) :: z_char !< string identifier to identify z level
	2024	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k, m !< running indices
[3597]	2025
	2026
	2027	SELECT CASE ( z_char)
	2028
	2029
	2030	CASE ( '10cm' )
	2031
	2032	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2033
	2034	i = surf%i(m)
	2035	j = surf%j(m)
	2036	k = surf%k(m)
	2037
[3744]	2038	surf%pt_10cm(m) = surf%pt_surface(m) + surf%ts(m) / kappa &
	2039	* ( LOG( 0.1_wp / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	2040	- psi_h( 0.1_wp / surf%ol(m) ) &
[3597]	2041	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[3744]	2042
[3597]	2043	ENDDO
	2044
	2045
	2046	CASE ( '2m' )
	2047
	2048	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2049
	2050	i = surf%i(m)
	2051	j = surf%j(m)
	2052	k = surf%k(m)
	2053
[3744]	2054	surf%pt_2m(m) = surf%pt_surface(m) + surf%ts(m) / kappa &
	2055	* ( LOG( 2.0_wp / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	2056	- psi_h( 2.0_wp / surf%ol(m) ) &
[3597]	2057	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2058
	2059	ENDDO
	2060
	2061
	2062	END SELECT
	2063
	2064	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_near_surface
	2065
	2066
[1691]	2067	!
	2068	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2069	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
[3634]	2070	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[1691]	2071
	2072	USE kinds
	2073
	2074	IMPLICIT NONE
	2075
	2076	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2077	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2078	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2079
	2080	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2081	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2082	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2083	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2084	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2085	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2086
	2087
	2088	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2089	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2090	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2091	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2092	ELSE
	2093
	2094	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2095	- bc_d_d
	2096	!
	2097	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2098	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2099
	2100	ENDIF
	2101
	2102	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2103
	2104
	2105	!
	2106	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2107	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
[3634]	2108	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[1691]	2109
	2110	USE kinds
	2111
	2112	IMPLICIT NONE
	2113
	2114	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2115	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2116	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2117
	2118	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2119	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2120	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2121	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2122	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2123	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2124
	2125
	2126	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2127	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2128	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2129	ELSE
	2130	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2131	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2132	+ 1.0_wp
	2133	!
	2134	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2135	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2136	ENDIF
	2137
	2138	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2139
[3130]	2140
	2141	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2142	! Description:
	2143	! ------------
	2144	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2145	!>
	2146	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2147	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2148	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
[3634]	2149	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[3130]	2150
	2151	IMPLICIT NONE
	2152
	2153	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2154	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2155
	2156	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2157	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2158
	2159	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2160	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2161	ELSE
	2162	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2163	ENDIF
	2164
	2165	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2166
[1697]	2167	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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