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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3949

Last change on this file since 3949 was 3885, checked in by kanani, 6 years ago
restructure/add location/debug messages
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 75.8 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3745]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z forkel $
[3885]	28	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	29	! of additional debug messages
	30	!
	31	! 3881 2019-04-10 09:31:22Z suehring
[3881]	32	! Assure that Obukhov length does not become zero
	33	!
	34	! 3834 2019-03-28 15:40:15Z forkel
[3833]	35	! added USE chem_gasphase_mod
	36	!
	37	! 3787 2019-03-07 08:43:54Z raasch
[3787]	38	! unused variables removed
	39	!
	40	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	41	! Bugfix, missing calculation of 10cm temperature at vertical building walls,
	42	! required for indoor model
	43	!
	44	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	45	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	46	!
	47	! 3668 2019-01-14 12:49:24Z maronga
[3668]	48	! Removed methods "circular" and "lookup"
	49	!
	50	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3634]	51	! OpenACC port for SPEC
	52	!
	53	! 3597 2018-12-04 08:40:18Z maronga
[3597]	54	! Added routine for calculating near surface air potential temperature (moved
	55	! from urban_surface_mod)
	56	!
	57	! 3547 2018-11-21 13:21:24Z suehring
[3547]	58	! variables documented
	59	!
	60	! 3361 2018-10-16 20:39:37Z knoop
[3274]	61	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	62	!
	63	! 3271 2018-09-24 08:20:34Z suehring
[3271]	64	! Comment revised
	65	!
	66	! 3157 2018-07-19 21:08:49Z maronga
[3157]	67	! Added local free convection velocity scale w_lfc in calculation of uvw_abs.
	68	! This can be switche on/off by the user via the flag namelist parameter
	69	! use_free_convection_scaling
	70	!
	71	! 3152 2018-07-19 13:26:52Z suehring
[3152]	72	! q_surface is now part of surface structure
	73	!
	74	! 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga
[3149]	75	! Correct accidental last commit
	76	!
	77	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	78	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	79	!
	80	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	81	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	82	!
	83	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	84	! Error message revised
	85	!
	86	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	87	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	88	!
	89	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	90	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	91	!
	92	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	93	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	94	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	95	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	96	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	97	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	98	!
	99	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	100	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	101	!
	102	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	103	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	104	!
	105	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	106	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	107	!
	108	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	109	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	110	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	111	! and cloud water content (qc).
	112	!
	113	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	114	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	115	!
	116	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	117	!
[2233]	118	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	119	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	120	! OpenMP bugfix
	121	!
[2119]	122	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	123	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	124	!
[2092]	125	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	126	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	127	!
[2077]	128	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	129	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	130	!
[2074]	131	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	132	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	133	!
[2038]	134	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	135	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	136	!
[2012]	137	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	138	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	139	!
[2008]	140	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	141	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	142	!
[2001]	143	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	144	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	145	!
[1993]	146	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	147	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	148	!
[1961]	149	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	150	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	151	!
[1930]	152	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	153	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	154	! completely surrounded by topography
	155	!
[1921]	156	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	157	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	158	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	159	!
[1916]	160	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	161	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	162	! timestep
	163	!
[1851]	164	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	165	! Module renamed
	166	!
	167	!
[1823]	168	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	169	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	170	!
[1789]	171	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	172	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	173	! humidity.
	174	! Syntax layout improved.
	175	!
[1758]	176	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	177	! Minor fixes.
	178	!
[1750]	179	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	180	! further OpenACC adjustments
	181	!
[1748]	182	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	183	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	184	!
[1710]	185	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	186	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	187	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	188	! neutral = .T.
	189	!
[1706]	190	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	191	! Typo removed
	192	!
[1698]	193	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	194	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	195	!
[1697]	196	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	197	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	198	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	199	! updated description.
	200	!
	201	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	202	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	203	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	204	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	205	! directly prescribed by the user.
	206	!
	207	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	208	! Adapted for land surface model
	209	!
	210	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	211	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	212	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	213	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	214	!
	215	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	216	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	217	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	218	!
	219	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	220	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	221	!
	222	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	223	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	224	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	225	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	226	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	227	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	228	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	229	! all variable declaration statements
	230	!
	231	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	232	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	233	!
	234	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	235	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	236	!
	237	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	238	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	239	!
	240	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	241	! OpenACC statements added
	242	!
	243	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	244	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	245	!
	246	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	247	! Initial revision
	248	!
	249	!
	250	! Description:
	251	! ------------
	252	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
[3668]	253	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1 based on Newton iteration
[1691]	254	!>
	255	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	256	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	257	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	258	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	259	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	260
	261	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	262	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
[3274]	263	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw, d_exner
[1691]	264
[3274]	265	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3361]	266	ONLY: g, kappa, lv_d_cp, pi, rd_d_rv
[3274]	267
[3833]	268	USE chem_gasphase_mod, &
	269	ONLY: nvar
	270
[2696]	271	USE chem_modules, &
[3834]	272	ONLY: constant_csflux
[2696]	273
[1691]	274	USE cpulog
	275
	276	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	277	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, &
	278	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
[3885]	279	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, &
	280	debug_output, debug_string, &
	281	do_output_at_2m, humidity, &
[3597]	282	ibc_e_b, ibc_pt_b, indoor_model, initializing_actions, &
[2232]	283	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[3274]	284	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, message_string, &
[3668]	285	neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
[2292]	286	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[3157]	287	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, &
	288	use_free_convection_scaling, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	289
[2232]	290	USE grid_variables, &
	291	ONLY: dx, dy
	292
[1691]	293	USE indices, &
[2232]	294	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	295
	296	USE kinds
	297
[3274]	298	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	299	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert
	300
[1691]	301	USE pegrid
	302
	303	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	304	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	305
[2232]	306	USE surface_mod, &
	307	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	308	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	309
[1691]	310
	311	IMPLICIT NONE
	312
[1992]	313	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	314	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	315	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	316	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
[1691]	317
[2232]	318	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	319
[2232]	320	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	321	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	322	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	323	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	324	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	325	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	326
	327	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	328	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	329	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	330
[2232]	331	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	332
[2232]	333
[1691]	334	SAVE
	335
	336	PRIVATE
	337
[3130]	338	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	339
	340	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	341	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	342	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	343
[3130]	344	INTERFACE phi_m
	345	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	346	END INTERFACE phi_m
	347
[1691]	348	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	349	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	350	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	351
	352
	353	CONTAINS
	354
	355
	356	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	357	! Description:
	358	! ------------
	359	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	360	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	361	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	362
	363	IMPLICIT NONE
	364
[3885]	365
	366	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'start' )
	367
[3547]	368	surf_vertical = .FALSE. !< flag indicating vertically orientated surface elements
	369	downward = .FALSE. !< flag indicating downward-facing surface elements
[1691]	370	!
[2696]	371	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	372	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	373	!
[2696]	374	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	375	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	376	DO l = 0, 1
	377	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	378	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	379	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	380	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	381	CALL calc_pt_surface
	382	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3152]	383	CALL calc_q_surface
[3146]	384	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	385	ENDIF
	386	ENDIF
[2696]	387	ENDIF
	388	ENDDO
[2232]	389	!
[2696]	390	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	391	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	392	surf => surf_lsm_h
	393	CALL calc_pt_q
	394	ENDIF
	395
	396	!
	397	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	398	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	399	surf => surf_usm_h
	400	CALL calc_pt_q
	401	ENDIF
	402
	403	!
	404	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	405	DO l = 0, 3
	406	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	407	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	408	CALL calc_pt_q
	409	ENDIF
[2696]	410
[3146]	411	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	412	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	413	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	414	CALL calc_pt_q
	415	ENDIF
[2696]	416	ENDDO
[1691]	417
	418	!
	419	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	420	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
[3668]	421	!-- surface fluxes if required. Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
[2232]	422	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	423	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
[3668]	424	!-- surfaces are treated.
	425
[2232]	426	!
[3668]	427	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	428	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	429	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	430	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	431	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	432	CALL calc_us
	433	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	434	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	435	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	436	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[1691]	437	ENDIF
[3668]	438	ENDIF
[1691]	439	!
[3668]	440	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	441	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	442	surf => surf_lsm_h
	443	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	444	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	445	CALL calc_us
	446	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	447	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	448	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	449	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[2232]	450	ENDIF
[3668]	451	ENDIF
[2232]	452	!
[3668]	453	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	454	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	455	surf => surf_usm_h
	456	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	457	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	458	CALL calc_us
	459	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	460	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	461	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	462	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[2232]	463	ENDIF
[3744]	464	!
	465	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	466	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[3668]	467	ENDIF
[1691]	468
[2232]	469	!
	470	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	471	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	472	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	473	!-- most_method is required.
	474	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	475	downward = .TRUE.
	476	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	477	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	478	CALL calc_us
	479	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	480	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	481	ENDIF
[2232]	482	!
	483	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	484	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	485	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	486	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	487	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	488	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	489	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	490	!
	491	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	492	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	493	!-- For default-type surfaces
	494	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	495	DO l = 0, 1
	496	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	497	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	498	!
	499	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	500	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	501	!
	502	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	503	CALL calc_us
	504	!
	505	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	506	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	507	ENDIF
	508	ENDDO
	509	!
	510	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	511	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	512	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	513	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	514	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	515	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
[3668]	516	DO l = 0, 1
	517	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	518	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	519	!
[3668]	520	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	521	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
[2232]	522	!
[3668]	523	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	524	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
[2232]	525	!
[3668]	526	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	527	CALL calc_us
[2232]	528	!
[3668]	529	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	530	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
[2232]	531	!
[3668]	532	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	533	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	534	ENDIF
	535	ENDDO
[2232]	536	!
	537	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	538	!-- to be computed.
	539	ELSE
	540	DO l = 0, 1
	541	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	542	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	543	!
	544	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	545	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	546	!
	547	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	548	CALL calc_us
	549	!
	550	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	551	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	552	ENDIF
	553	ENDDO
	554	ENDIF
	555	!
	556	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	557	DO l = 0, 1
	558	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	559	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	560	!
	561	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	562	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	563	!
	564	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	565	CALL calc_us
	566	!
	567	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	568	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	569	!
	570	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	571	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[2232]	572	ENDIF
	573	ENDDO
	574	!
	575	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	576	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	577	!-- For default-type surfaces
	578	DO l = 2, 3
	579	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	580	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	581	!
	582	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	583	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	584	!
	585	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	586	CALL calc_us
	587	!
	588	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	589	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	590
[2232]	591	ENDIF
	592	ENDDO
	593	!
	594	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	595	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	596	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	597	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	598	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	599	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
[3668]	600	DO l = 2, 3
	601	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	602	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	603	!
[3668]	604	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	605	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
[2232]	606	!
[3668]	607	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	608	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
[2232]	609	!
[3668]	610	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	611	CALL calc_us
[2232]	612	!
[3668]	613	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	614	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
[2232]	615	!
[3668]	616	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	617	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	618	ENDIF
	619	ENDDO
[2232]	620	ELSE
	621	DO l = 2, 3
	622	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	623	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	624	!
	625	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	626	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	627	!
	628	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	629	CALL calc_us
	630	!
	631	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	632	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	633	ENDIF
	634	ENDDO
	635	ENDIF
	636	!
	637	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	638	DO l = 2, 3
	639	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	640	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	641	!
	642	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	643	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	644	!
	645	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	646	CALL calc_us
	647	!
	648	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	649	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	650	!
	651	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	652	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[2232]	653	ENDIF
	654	ENDDO
	655	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	656	!
	657	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	658	!-- surfaces.
	659	mom_w = .TRUE.
	660	!
	661	!-- Default-type surfaces
	662	DO l = 0, 3
	663	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	664	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	665	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	666	CALL calc_us
	667	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	668	ENDIF
	669	ENDDO
	670	!
	671	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	672	DO l = 0, 3
	673	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	674	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	675	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	676	CALL calc_us
	677	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	678	ENDIF
	679	ENDDO
	680	!
	681	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	682	DO l = 0, 3
	683	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	684	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	685	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	686	CALL calc_us
	687	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	688	ENDIF
	689	ENDDO
	690	mom_w = .FALSE.
	691	!
	692	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	693	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	694	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	695	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	696	!
	697	!-- Default-type surfaces
	698	DO l = 0, 3
	699	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	700	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	701	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	702	CALL calc_us
	703	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	704	ENDIF
	705	ENDDO
	706	!
	707	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	708	DO l = 0, 3
	709	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	710	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	711	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	712	CALL calc_us
	713	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	714	ENDIF
	715	ENDDO
	716	!
	717	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	718	DO l = 0, 3
	719	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	720	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	721	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	722	CALL calc_us
	723	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	724	ENDIF
	725	ENDDO
	726	mom_tke = .FALSE.
[1691]	727
[3885]	728	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'end' )
	729
[1691]	730	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	731
	732
	733	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	734	! Description:
	735	! ------------
	736	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	737	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	738	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	739	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	740	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	741
	742	IMPLICIT NONE
	743
	744
[3885]	745	CALL location_message( 'initializing surface layer', 'start' )
[1709]	746
	747	!
	748	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	749	!-- large value
[2232]	750	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	751	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	752	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	753	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	754	ENDIF
[1709]	755
[3885]	756	CALL location_message( 'initializing surface layer', 'finished' )
[3685]	757
[1691]	758	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	759
	760
	761	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	762	! Description:
	763	! ------------
[1709]	764	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	765	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	766	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	767	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[3157]	768
[1691]	769	IMPLICIT NONE
	770
[2232]	771	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	772	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	773	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	774	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	775	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	776
[3157]	777	REAL(wp) :: w_lfc !< local free convection velocity scale
[2232]	778	!
	779	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	780	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	781
[3634]	782	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, w_lfc) &
	783	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, u, v)
[2232]	784	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	785
[2232]	786	i = surf%i(m)
	787	j = surf%j(m)
	788	k = surf%k(m)
[3157]	789
[1691]	790	!
[3157]	791	!-- Calculate free convection velocity scale w_lfc is
	792	!-- use_free_convection_scaling = .T.. This will maintain a horizontal
	793	!-- velocity even for very weak wind convective conditions. SIGN is used
	794	!-- to set w_lfc to zero under stable conditions.
	795	IF ( use_free_convection_scaling ) THEN
	796	w_lfc = ABS(g / surf%pt1(m) * surf%z_mo(m) * surf%shf(m))
	797	w_lfc = ( 0.5_wp * ( w_lfc + SIGN(w_lfc,surf%shf(m)) ) )**(0.33333_wp)
	798	ELSE
	799	w_lfc = 0.0_wp
	800	ENDIF
	801
	802	!
[2232]	803	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	804	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	805	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	806	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	807	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	808	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	809	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	810	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	811	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	812	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	813	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	814	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	815	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	816	) * ibit &
	817	) &
	818	)**2 + &
	819	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	820	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	821	) * ibit &
	822	) &
[3157]	823	)2 + w_lfc2 &
[2232]	824	)
	825
[3148]	826
	827
[1691]	828	ENDDO
	829
[2232]	830	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	831
	832
	833	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	834	! Description:
	835	! ------------
	836	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	837	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	838	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	839	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	840
	841	IMPLICIT NONE
	842
[3547]	843	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	844	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	845	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	846	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	847
[3547]	848	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on xu-grid
	849	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on xu-grid
[2232]	850
	851
	852	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	853	i = surf%i(m)
	854	j = surf%j(m)
	855	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	856	!
[2232]	857	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	858	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	859	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	860	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	861
[2232]	862	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	863
[2232]	864	ENDDO
[1709]	865
[2232]	866	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	867
[1709]	868	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	869	! Description:
	870	! ------------
[2232]	871	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	872	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	873	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	874	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	875
	876	IMPLICIT NONE
	877
[3547]	878	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	879	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	880	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	881	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	882
[3547]	883	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on yv-grid
	884	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on yv-grid
[2232]	885
	886
	887	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	888	i = surf%i(m)
	889	j = surf%j(m)
	890	k = surf%k(m)
	891
	892	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	893	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	894	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	895
	896	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	897
	898	ENDDO
	899
	900	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	901
	902	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	903	! Description:
	904	! ------------
	905	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	906	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	907	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	908	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	909
	910	IMPLICIT NONE
	911
[3547]	912	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	913	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	914	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	915	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	916
[3547]	917	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on x-zw-grid
	918	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on y-zw-grid
	919	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on zw-grid
[2232]	920	!
	921	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	922	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	923	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	924	i = surf%i(m)
	925	j = surf%j(m)
	926	k = surf%k(m)
	927
	928	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	929	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	930	v_i = 0.0_wp
	931	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	932
	933	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	934	ENDDO
	935	!
	936	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	937	ELSE
	938	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	939	i = surf%i(m)
	940	j = surf%j(m)
	941	k = surf%k(m)
	942
	943	u_i = 0.0_wp
	944	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	945	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	946	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	947
	948	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	949	ENDDO
	950	ENDIF
	951
	952	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	953
	954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	955	! Description:
	956	! ------------
	957	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	958	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	959	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	960	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	961
	962	IMPLICIT NONE
	963
[3547]	964	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	965	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	966	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	967	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	968
[3547]	969	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on scalar grid
	970	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on scalar grid
	971	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on scalar grid
[2232]	972
	973	!
	974	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	975	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	976	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	977	i = surf%i(m)
	978	j = surf%j(m)
	979	k = surf%k(m)
	980
	981	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	982	v_i = 0.0_wp
	983	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	984
	985	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	986	ENDDO
	987	!
	988	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	989	ELSE
	990	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	991	i = surf%i(m)
	992	j = surf%j(m)
	993	k = surf%k(m)
	994
	995	u_i = 0.0_wp
	996	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	997	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	998
	999	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1000	ENDDO
	1001	ENDIF
	1002
	1003	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1004
	1005
	1006	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1007	! Description:
	1008	! ------------
[1709]	1009	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1011	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1012
	1013	IMPLICIT NONE
	1014
[2232]	1015	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1016	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1017
	1018	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1019	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1020	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1021	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1022	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1023	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1024
[2232]	1025	!
[3668]	1026	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1027	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1028	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1029	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1030	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1031	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1032
[3668]	1033	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1034
[3668]	1035	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1036	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1037	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1038	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1039	ENDDO
	1040	ELSE
	1041	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1042	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[2232]	1043
[3668]	1044	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1045
[3668]	1046	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1047	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1048	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1049	ENDDO
	1050	ENDIF
	1051	ELSE
	1052	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1053	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
	1054	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[2232]	1055
[3668]	1056	k = surf%k(m)
[2232]	1057
[3668]	1058	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1059
[3668]	1060	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1061	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1062	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1063	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1064	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1065	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[3668]	1066	ENDDO
	1067	ELSE
	1068	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
	1069	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(k, z_mo) &
	1070	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, drho_air_zw)
	1071	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1072
[3668]	1073	k = surf%k(m)
[2232]	1074
[3668]	1075	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1076
[3668]	1077	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1078	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1079	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
	1080	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1081	ENDDO
[2232]	1082	ENDIF
[1691]	1083	ENDIF
	1084
	1085	!
[3668]	1086	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length using Newton iteration
	1087	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, z_mo) &
	1088	!$ACC PRIVATE(ol_old, ol_m, ol_l, ol_u, f, f_d_ol) &
	1089	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
	1090	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1091
[3668]	1092	i = surf%i(m)
	1093	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1094
[3668]	1095	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1096
	1097	!
[3668]	1098	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1099	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1100
	1101	!
[3668]	1102	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1103	!-- length have the same sign
	1104	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1105	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1106	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1107	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1108	ENDIF
[1691]	1109	!
[3668]	1110	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1111	iter = 0
	1112	DO
	1113	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1114	!
[3668]	1115	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1116	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1117	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1118	EXIT
	1119	ENDIF
[1691]	1120
[3668]	1121	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1122	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1123	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1124
	1125
[3668]	1126	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1127	!
[3668]	1128	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1129	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1130	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1131	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1132	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1133	ol_m ) &
	1134	) &
	1135	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1136	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1137	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
[2232]	1138	)**2
[1691]	1139
	1140	!
[3668]	1141	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1142	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1143	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1144	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1145	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1146	) &
	1147	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1148	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1149	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1150	)**2 &
	1151	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1152	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1153	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1154	) &
	1155	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1156	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1157	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1158	)**2 &
	1159	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1160	ELSE
[1691]	1161	!
[3668]	1162	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1163	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1164	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1165	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1166	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1167	)**3
[1691]	1168
	1169	!
[3668]	1170	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1171	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1172	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1173	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1174	)**3 &
[2232]	1175	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
[3668]	1176	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1177	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1178	)**3 &
	1179	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1180	ENDIF
[1691]	1181	!
[3668]	1182	!-- Calculate new L
	1183	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1184
	1185	!
[3668]	1186	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1187	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1188	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1189	!
[3668]	1190	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1191	!-- value that is allowed
	1192	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1193	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1194	EXIT
	1195	ENDIF
[1691]	1196	!
[3668]	1197	!-- Check for convergence
	1198	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1199	EXIT
[2232]	1200	ELSE
[3668]	1201	CYCLE
[2232]	1202	ENDIF
[3881]	1203	!
	1204	!-- Assure that Obukhov length does not become zero
	1205	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) < 1E-6_wp ) &
	1206	surf%ol(m) = SIGN( 10E-6_wp, surf%ol(m) )
[1691]	1207
	1208	ENDDO
[3668]	1209	ENDDO
[1691]	1210
	1211	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1212
	1213	!
	1214	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1215	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1216
	1217	IMPLICIT NONE
	1218
[2232]	1219	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1220
[2232]	1221	!
	1222	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1223	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1224	!
	1225	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1226	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1227	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1228	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1229	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1230	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1231
[2232]	1232	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1233	!
[2232]	1234	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1235	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1236	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1237	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1238	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1239
	1240	ENDDO
	1241	!
	1242	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1243	!-- any stability.
	1244	ELSE
[2281]	1245	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1246	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1247	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1248	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1249
	1250	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1251	!
	1252	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1253	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1254
	1255	ENDDO
	1256	ENDIF
	1257	!
	1258	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1259	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1260	ELSE
	1261	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1262	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1263	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1264	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1265	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1266
	1267	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1268	ENDDO
[2232]	1269	ENDIF
[1691]	1270
	1271	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1272
	1273	!
[3146]	1274	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1275	!-- temperature at first grid level
[1691]	1276	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1277
	1278	IMPLICIT NONE
	1279
[2232]	1280	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1281
	1282	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1283	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1284	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, pt)
[2232]	1285	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1286
	1287	i = surf%i(m)
	1288	j = surf%j(m)
	1289	k = surf%k(m)
	1290
[3634]	1291	#ifndef _OPENACC
[3274]	1292	IF ( bulk_cloud_model ) THEN
	1293	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1294	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1295	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
[3274]	1296	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1297	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1298	ELSE
[3634]	1299	#endif
[2696]	1300	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
[3634]	1301	#ifndef _OPENACC
[2696]	1302	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1303	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1304	ELSE
[3634]	1305	#endif
[2696]	1306	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
[3634]	1307	#ifndef _OPENACC
[2696]	1308	ENDIF
[2547]	1309	ENDIF
[2232]	1310
[3146]	1311	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1312	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1313	ENDIF
[3634]	1314	#endif
[3146]	1315
[1691]	1316	ENDDO
	1317
	1318	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1319
[2696]	1320
[1691]	1321	!
[3152]	1322	!-- Set potential temperature at surface grid level.
[2696]	1323	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1324	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1325
	1326	IMPLICIT NONE
	1327
[3146]	1328	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1329	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1330
[3146]	1331	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1332	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1333	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1334	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, pt)
[2696]	1335	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1336
	1337	i = surf%i(m)
	1338	j = surf%j(m)
	1339	k = surf%k(m)
	1340
[3146]	1341	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1342
	1343	ENDDO
	1344
	1345	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1346
	1347	!
[3152]	1348	!-- Set mixing ratio at surface grid level. ( Only for upward-facing surfs. )
	1349	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1350
	1351	IMPLICIT NONE
	1352
	1353	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1354	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1355
	1356	k_off = surf%koff
	1357	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1358	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1359
	1360	i = surf%i(m)
	1361	j = surf%j(m)
	1362	k = surf%k(m)
	1363
	1364	surf%q_surface(m) = q(k+k_off,j,i)
	1365
	1366	ENDDO
	1367
	1368	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1369
	1370	!
	1371	!-- Set virtual potential temperature at surface grid level.
[3146]	1372	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1373	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1374
	1375	IMPLICIT NONE
	1376
	1377	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1378	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1379
	1380	k_off = surf%koff
	1381	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1382	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1383
	1384	i = surf%i(m)
	1385	j = surf%j(m)
	1386	k = surf%k(m)
	1387
	1388	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1389
	1390	ENDDO
	1391
	1392	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1393
	1394	!
[2292]	1395	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1396	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1397
	1398	IMPLICIT NONE
	1399
[2232]	1400
	1401	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1402	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1403	!
[2232]	1404	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1405	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1406	!
	1407	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1408
	1409	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1410	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1411	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, drho_air_zw)
[2232]	1412	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1413
	1414	i = surf%i(m)
	1415	j = surf%j(m)
	1416	k = surf%k(m)
	1417
	1418	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1419	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1420
[1691]	1421	!
[2232]	1422	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1423	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1424	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1425	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1426
[1691]	1427	ENDDO
	1428
[2232]	1429	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1430	!
	1431	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1432	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1433
	1434	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1435	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1436	i = surf%i(m)
	1437	j = surf%j(m)
	1438	k = surf%k(m)
	1439
	1440	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1441	ENDDO
	1442	ENDIF
	1443
[2696]	1444	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1445	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1446
[2696]	1447	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1448
[2696]	1449	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1450	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1451	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1452	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1453
[2696]	1454	ENDDO
[2232]	1455
	1456	ENDIF
	1457	!
	1458	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1459	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1460	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1461	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1462	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1463
	1464	i = surf%i(m)
	1465	j = surf%j(m)
	1466	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1467	!
	1468	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1469	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1470	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1471	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1472
[1691]	1473	ENDDO
	1474	ENDIF
	1475
	1476	!
[2232]	1477	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1478	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1479	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1480	!
[1788]	1481	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1482	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1483	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1484
	1485	i = surf%i(m)
	1486	j = surf%j(m)
	1487	k = surf%k(m)
	1488	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1489	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1490
[1691]	1491	ENDDO
	1492
[2232]	1493	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1494	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1495	run_coupled )
	1496
[1788]	1497	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1498	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1499	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1500
	1501	i = surf%i(m)
	1502	j = surf%j(m)
	1503	k = surf%k(m)
	1504	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1505
[1691]	1506	ENDDO
	1507	ENDIF
	1508
	1509	!
[2232]	1510	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1511	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1512	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1513	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1514	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1515	i = surf%i(m)
	1516	j = surf%j(m)
	1517	k = surf%k(m)
	1518	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1519	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1520	- 273.15_wp ) )
[3361]	1521	q(k-1,j,i) = rd_d_rv * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
[2232]	1522	ENDDO
	1523	ENDIF
[1691]	1524
[3274]	1525	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1526	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1527	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1528
[2232]	1529	i = surf%i(m)
	1530	j = surf%j(m)
	1531	k = surf%k(m)
	1532
	1533	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1534
[3152]	1535	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - surf%q_surface(m) ) &
[2232]	1536	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1537	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1538	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1539	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1540	ENDDO
[2232]	1541	ELSE
	1542	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1543	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1544
	1545	i = surf%i(m)
	1546	j = surf%j(m)
	1547	k = surf%k(m)
	1548
	1549	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1550
	1551	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1552	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1553	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1554	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1555	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1556	ENDDO
	1557	ENDIF
	1558	ENDIF
	1559	!
	1560	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1561	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1562	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1563	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1564
	1565	i = surf%i(m)
	1566	j = surf%j(m)
	1567	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1568
[1691]	1569	ENDDO
	1570	ENDIF
	1571	ENDIF
[1960]	1572
	1573	!
	1574	!-- If required compute s*
	1575	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1576	!
[2232]	1577	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1578	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1579	!
	1580	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1581	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1582	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1583	i = surf%i(m)
	1584	j = surf%j(m)
	1585	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1586	ENDDO
	1587	ENDIF
[2232]	1588	!
	1589	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1590	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1591	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1592	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1593	i = surf%i(m)
	1594	j = surf%j(m)
	1595	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1596	ENDDO
	1597	ENDIF
[1960]	1598	ENDIF
[1691]	1599
[2292]	1600	!
[2696]	1601	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1602	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1603	!
	1604	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1605	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1606	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1607	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1608	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1609	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1610	i = surf%i(m)
	1611	j = surf%j(m)
	1612	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1613	ENDDO
	1614	ENDIF
	1615	ENDDO
	1616	!
	1617	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1618	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1619	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1620	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1621	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1622	i = surf%i(m)
	1623	j = surf%j(m)
	1624	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1625	ENDDO
	1626	ENDDO
	1627	ENDIF
	1628	ENDIF
	1629
	1630	!
[2292]	1631	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
[3274]	1632	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1633	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1634	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1635	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1636
[2292]	1637	i = surf%i(m)
	1638	j = surf%j(m)
	1639	k = surf%k(m)
	1640
	1641	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1642
	1643	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1644	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1645	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1646	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1647
	1648	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1649	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1650	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1651	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1652	ENDDO
	1653
	1654	ENDIF
	1655
[1691]	1656	!
	1657	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[3274]	1658	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1659	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1660	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1661	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1662
[2232]	1663	i = surf%i(m)
	1664	j = surf%j(m)
	1665	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1666
[2232]	1667	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1668
[2232]	1669	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1670	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1671	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1672	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1673
[2232]	1674	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1675	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1676	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1677	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1678	ENDDO
	1679
	1680	ENDIF
	1681
	1682	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1683
	1684
	1685
	1686	!
[2292]	1687	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1688	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1689
	1690	IMPLICIT NONE
	1691
[2696]	1692	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1693	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1694
[2232]	1695	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1696	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1697	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1698	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1699	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1700	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1701
	1702	!
[2232]	1703	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1704	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1705	!
	1706	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1707	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1708	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1709	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
[3634]	1710	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, z_mo) &
	1711	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, u, rho_air_zw)
[2232]	1712	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1713
	1714	i = surf%i(m)
	1715	j = surf%j(m)
	1716	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1717
[2232]	1718	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1719
[2232]	1720	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1721	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1722	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1723	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1724	!
	1725	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1726	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1727	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1728	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1729	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1730	!-- tests had shown.
	1731	!-- Same also for ol.
	1732	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1733
[2232]	1734	ENDDO
[1691]	1735	!
[2232]	1736	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1737	ELSE
	1738	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1739	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1740
	1741	i = surf%i(m)
	1742	j = surf%j(m)
	1743	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1744
[2232]	1745	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1746
	1747	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1748	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1749
[2232]	1750	ENDDO
	1751	ENDIF
[1691]	1752
[2232]	1753	!
	1754	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1755	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1756	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	1757	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1758	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
[3634]	1759	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, z_mo) &
	1760	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, v, rho_air_zw)
[2232]	1761	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1762	i = surf%i(m)
	1763	j = surf%j(m)
	1764	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1765
[2232]	1766	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1767
[2232]	1768	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1769	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1770	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1771	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1772	!
[2232]	1773	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1774	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	1775	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1776	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1777	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1778	!-- tests had shown.
	1779	!-- Same also for ol.
	1780	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1781	ENDDO
	1782	!
	1783	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	1784	ELSE
	1785	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1786	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1787	i = surf%i(m)
	1788	j = surf%j(m)
	1789	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1790
[2232]	1791	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1792
	1793	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1794	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	1795	ENDDO
	1796	ENDIF
[1691]	1797	!
[2232]	1798	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	1799	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	1800	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	1801	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	1802	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	1803	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1804	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1805	i = surf%i(m)
	1806	j = surf%j(m)
	1807	k = surf%k(m)
	1808	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1809	ENDDO
[2232]	1810	ENDIF
	1811	!
	1812	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	1813	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	1814	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	1815	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	1816	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	1817	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1818	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1819	i = surf%i(m)
	1820	j = surf%j(m)
	1821	k = surf%k(m)
	1822	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1823	ENDDO
	1824	ENDIF
	1825	!
	1826	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	1827	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	1828	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1829	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1830	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1831
[2232]	1832	i = surf%i(m)
	1833	j = surf%j(m)
	1834	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1835
[2232]	1836	ENDDO
[2292]	1837	ENDIF
[1691]	1838	!
[2696]	1839	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	1840	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1841	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	1842	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	1843	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1844	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1845	i = surf%i(m)
	1846	j = surf%j(m)
	1847	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	1848	ENDDO
	1849	ENDIF
	1850	ENDDO
	1851
	1852	!
[2292]	1853	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
[3274]	1854	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1855	.NOT. downward) THEN
	1856	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1857	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1858
	1859	i = surf%i(m)
	1860	j = surf%j(m)
	1861
	1862	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1863	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1864	ENDDO
	1865	ENDIF
	1866	!
[2232]	1867	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[3274]	1868	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1869	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	1870	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1871	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1872
	1873	i = surf%i(m)
	1874	j = surf%j(m)
	1875
	1876	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1877	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1878	ENDDO
[2232]	1879	ENDIF
[1691]	1880
[1960]	1881	!
[2232]	1882	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	1883	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	1884	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1885	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1886
	1887	i = surf%i(m)
	1888	j = surf%j(m)
	1889	k = surf%k(m)
	1890
	1891	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	1892	!
	1893	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	1894	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	1895	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	1896
[1960]	1897	ENDDO
[2232]	1898	ENDIF
	1899	!
	1900	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	1901	ELSE
	1902	!
	1903	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	1904	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	1905	!
	1906	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	1907	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	1908	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	1909	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	1910	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	1911	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1912	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1913	i = surf%i(m)
	1914	j = surf%j(m)
	1915	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1916
[2232]	1917	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	1918
[2232]	1919	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	1920	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	1921	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1922
	1923	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	1924	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	1925	ENDDO
	1926	ENDIF
[1691]	1927	!
[2232]	1928	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	1929	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	1930	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1931	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1932	i = surf%i(m)
	1933	j = surf%j(m)
	1934	k = surf%k(m)
	1935
	1936	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1937
	1938	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1939
	1940	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	1941	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1942	ENDDO
[2232]	1943	ENDIF
	1944	!
	1945	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	1946	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	1947	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	1948	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	1949	!--
	1950	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	1951	!
	1952	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	1953	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	1954	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	1955	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	1956
[2232]	1957	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1958	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1959	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1960	i = surf%i(m)
	1961	j = surf%j(m)
	1962	k = surf%k(m)
	1963
	1964	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1965	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	1966	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1967	ENDDO
	1968	ELSE
	1969	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1970	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1971	i = surf%i(m)
	1972	j = surf%j(m)
	1973	k = surf%k(m)
	1974
	1975	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	1976	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1977	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1978	ENDDO
	1979	ENDIF
	1980
[2281]	1981	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	1982	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1983	i = surf%i(m)
	1984	j = surf%j(m)
	1985
	1986	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1987
	1988	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1989	!
[2232]	1990	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	1991	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	1992	!
[2232]	1993	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	1994	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	1995
	1996	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	1997	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1998	ENDDO
[2232]	1999	!
	2000	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2001	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2002	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2003	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2004	ENDIF
[1691]	2005	ENDIF
	2006
	2007	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2008
[3597]	2009
	2010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2011	! Description:
	2012	! ------------
	2013	!> Calculates temperature near surface (10 cm) for indoor model or 2 m
	2014	!> temperature for output
	2015	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2016	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_near_surface ( z_char )
[1691]	2017
[3597]	2018	IMPLICIT NONE
	2019
[3787]	2020	CHARACTER (LEN = *), INTENT(IN) :: z_char !< string identifier to identify z level
	2021	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k, m !< running indices
[3597]	2022
	2023
	2024	SELECT CASE ( z_char)
	2025
	2026
	2027	CASE ( '10cm' )
	2028
	2029	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2030
	2031	i = surf%i(m)
	2032	j = surf%j(m)
	2033	k = surf%k(m)
	2034
[3744]	2035	surf%pt_10cm(m) = surf%pt_surface(m) + surf%ts(m) / kappa &
	2036	* ( LOG( 0.1_wp / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	2037	- psi_h( 0.1_wp / surf%ol(m) ) &
[3597]	2038	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[3744]	2039
[3597]	2040	ENDDO
	2041
	2042
	2043	CASE ( '2m' )
	2044
	2045	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2046
	2047	i = surf%i(m)
	2048	j = surf%j(m)
	2049	k = surf%k(m)
	2050
[3744]	2051	surf%pt_2m(m) = surf%pt_surface(m) + surf%ts(m) / kappa &
	2052	* ( LOG( 2.0_wp / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	2053	- psi_h( 2.0_wp / surf%ol(m) ) &
[3597]	2054	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2055
	2056	ENDDO
	2057
	2058
	2059	END SELECT
	2060
	2061	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_near_surface
	2062
	2063
[1691]	2064	!
	2065	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2066	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
[3634]	2067	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[1691]	2068
	2069	USE kinds
	2070
	2071	IMPLICIT NONE
	2072
	2073	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2074	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2075	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2076
	2077	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2078	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2079	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2080	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2081	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2082	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2083
	2084
	2085	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2086	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2087	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2088	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2089	ELSE
	2090
	2091	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2092	- bc_d_d
	2093	!
	2094	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2095	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2096
	2097	ENDIF
	2098
	2099	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2100
	2101
	2102	!
	2103	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2104	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
[3634]	2105	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[1691]	2106
	2107	USE kinds
	2108
	2109	IMPLICIT NONE
	2110
	2111	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2112	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2113	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2114
	2115	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2116	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2117	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2118	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2119	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2120	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2121
	2122
	2123	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2124	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2125	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2126	ELSE
	2127	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2128	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2129	+ 1.0_wp
	2130	!
	2131	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2132	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2133	ENDIF
	2134
	2135	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2136
[3130]	2137
	2138	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2139	! Description:
	2140	! ------------
	2141	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2142	!>
	2143	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2144	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2145	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
[3634]	2146	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[3130]	2147
	2148	IMPLICIT NONE
	2149
	2150	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2151	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2152
	2153	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2154	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2155
	2156	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2157	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2158	ELSE
	2159	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2160	ENDIF
	2161
	2162	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2163
[1697]	2164	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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