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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3818

Last change on this file since 3818 was 3787, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
unused variables removed
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 74.9 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3745]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3787 2019-03-07 08:43:54Z pavelkrc $
[3787]	28	! unused variables removed
	29	!
	30	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	31	! Bugfix, missing calculation of 10cm temperature at vertical building walls,
	32	! required for indoor model
	33	!
	34	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	35	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	36	!
	37	! 3668 2019-01-14 12:49:24Z maronga
[3668]	38	! Removed methods "circular" and "lookup"
	39	!
	40	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3634]	41	! OpenACC port for SPEC
	42	!
	43	! 3597 2018-12-04 08:40:18Z maronga
[3597]	44	! Added routine for calculating near surface air potential temperature (moved
	45	! from urban_surface_mod)
	46	!
	47	! 3547 2018-11-21 13:21:24Z suehring
[3547]	48	! variables documented
	49	!
	50	! 3361 2018-10-16 20:39:37Z knoop
[3274]	51	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	52	!
	53	! 3271 2018-09-24 08:20:34Z suehring
[3271]	54	! Comment revised
	55	!
	56	! 3157 2018-07-19 21:08:49Z maronga
[3157]	57	! Added local free convection velocity scale w_lfc in calculation of uvw_abs.
	58	! This can be switche on/off by the user via the flag namelist parameter
	59	! use_free_convection_scaling
	60	!
	61	! 3152 2018-07-19 13:26:52Z suehring
[3152]	62	! q_surface is now part of surface structure
	63	!
	64	! 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga
[3149]	65	! Correct accidental last commit
	66	!
	67	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	68	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	69	!
	70	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	71	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	72	!
	73	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	74	! Error message revised
	75	!
	76	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	77	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	78	!
	79	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	80	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	81	!
	82	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	83	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	84	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	85	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	86	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	87	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	88	!
	89	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	90	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	91	!
	92	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	93	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	94	!
	95	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	96	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	97	!
	98	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	99	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	100	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	101	! and cloud water content (qc).
	102	!
	103	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	104	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	105	!
	106	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	107	!
[2233]	108	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	109	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	110	! OpenMP bugfix
	111	!
[2119]	112	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	113	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	114	!
[2092]	115	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	116	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	117	!
[2077]	118	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	119	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	120	!
[2074]	121	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	122	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	123	!
[2038]	124	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	125	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	126	!
[2012]	127	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	128	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	129	!
[2008]	130	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	131	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	132	!
[2001]	133	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	134	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	135	!
[1993]	136	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	137	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	138	!
[1961]	139	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	140	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	141	!
[1930]	142	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	143	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	144	! completely surrounded by topography
	145	!
[1921]	146	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	147	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	148	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	149	!
[1916]	150	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	151	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	152	! timestep
	153	!
[1851]	154	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	155	! Module renamed
	156	!
	157	!
[1823]	158	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	159	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	160	!
[1789]	161	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	162	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	163	! humidity.
	164	! Syntax layout improved.
	165	!
[1758]	166	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	167	! Minor fixes.
	168	!
[1750]	169	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	170	! further OpenACC adjustments
	171	!
[1748]	172	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	173	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	174	!
[1710]	175	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	176	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	177	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	178	! neutral = .T.
	179	!
[1706]	180	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	181	! Typo removed
	182	!
[1698]	183	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	184	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	185	!
[1697]	186	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	187	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	188	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	189	! updated description.
	190	!
	191	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	192	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	193	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	194	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	195	! directly prescribed by the user.
	196	!
	197	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	198	! Adapted for land surface model
	199	!
	200	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	201	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	202	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	203	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	204	!
	205	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	206	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	207	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	208	!
	209	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	210	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	211	!
	212	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	213	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	214	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	215	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	216	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	217	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	218	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	219	! all variable declaration statements
	220	!
	221	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	222	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	223	!
	224	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	225	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	226	!
	227	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	228	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	229	!
	230	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	231	! OpenACC statements added
	232	!
	233	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	234	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	235	!
	236	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	237	! Initial revision
	238	!
	239	!
	240	! Description:
	241	! ------------
	242	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
[3668]	243	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1 based on Newton iteration
[1691]	244	!>
	245	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	246	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	247	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	248	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	249	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	250
	251	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	252	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
[3274]	253	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw, d_exner
[1691]	254
[3274]	255	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3361]	256	ONLY: g, kappa, lv_d_cp, pi, rd_d_rv
[3274]	257
[2696]	258	USE chem_modules, &
	259	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	260
[1691]	261	USE cpulog
	262
	263	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	264	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, &
	265	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
[3597]	266	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, do_output_at_2m, humidity, &
	267	ibc_e_b, ibc_pt_b, indoor_model, initializing_actions, &
[2232]	268	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[3274]	269	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, message_string, &
[3668]	270	neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
[2292]	271	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[3157]	272	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, &
	273	use_free_convection_scaling, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	274
[2232]	275	USE grid_variables, &
	276	ONLY: dx, dy
	277
[1691]	278	USE indices, &
[2232]	279	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	280
	281	USE kinds
	282
[3274]	283	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	284	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert
	285
[1691]	286	USE pegrid
	287
	288	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	289	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	290
[2232]	291	USE surface_mod, &
	292	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	293	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	294
[1691]	295
	296	IMPLICIT NONE
	297
[1992]	298	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	299	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	300	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	301	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
[1691]	302
[2232]	303	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	304
[2232]	305	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	306	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	307	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	308	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	309	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	310	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	311
	312	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	313	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	314	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	315
[2232]	316	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	317
[2232]	318
[1691]	319	SAVE
	320
	321	PRIVATE
	322
[3130]	323	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	324
	325	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	326	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	327	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	328
[3130]	329	INTERFACE phi_m
	330	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	331	END INTERFACE phi_m
	332
[1691]	333	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	334	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	335	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	336
	337
	338	CONTAINS
	339
	340
	341	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	342	! Description:
	343	! ------------
	344	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	345	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	346	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	347
	348	IMPLICIT NONE
	349
[3547]	350	surf_vertical = .FALSE. !< flag indicating vertically orientated surface elements
	351	downward = .FALSE. !< flag indicating downward-facing surface elements
[1691]	352	!
[2696]	353	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	354	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	355	!
[2696]	356	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	357	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	358	DO l = 0, 1
	359	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	360	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	361	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	362	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	363	CALL calc_pt_surface
	364	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3152]	365	CALL calc_q_surface
[3146]	366	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	367	ENDIF
	368	ENDIF
[2696]	369	ENDIF
	370	ENDDO
[2232]	371	!
[2696]	372	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	373	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	374	surf => surf_lsm_h
	375	CALL calc_pt_q
	376	ENDIF
	377
	378	!
	379	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	380	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	381	surf => surf_usm_h
	382	CALL calc_pt_q
	383	ENDIF
	384
	385	!
	386	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	387	DO l = 0, 3
	388	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	389	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	390	CALL calc_pt_q
	391	ENDIF
[2696]	392
[3146]	393	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	394	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	395	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	396	CALL calc_pt_q
	397	ENDIF
[2696]	398	ENDDO
[1691]	399
	400	!
	401	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	402	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
[3668]	403	!-- surface fluxes if required. Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
[2232]	404	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	405	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
[3668]	406	!-- surfaces are treated.
	407
[2232]	408	!
[3668]	409	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	410	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	411	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	412	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	413	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	414	CALL calc_us
	415	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	416	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	417	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	418	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[1691]	419	ENDIF
[3668]	420	ENDIF
[1691]	421	!
[3668]	422	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	423	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	424	surf => surf_lsm_h
	425	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	426	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	427	CALL calc_us
	428	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	429	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	430	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	431	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[2232]	432	ENDIF
[3668]	433	ENDIF
[2232]	434	!
[3668]	435	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	436	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	437	surf => surf_usm_h
	438	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	439	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	440	CALL calc_us
	441	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	442	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	443	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	444	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
[2232]	445	ENDIF
[3744]	446	!
	447	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	448	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[3668]	449	ENDIF
[1691]	450
[2232]	451	!
	452	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	453	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	454	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	455	!-- most_method is required.
	456	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	457	downward = .TRUE.
	458	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	459	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	460	CALL calc_us
	461	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	462	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	463	ENDIF
[2232]	464	!
	465	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	466	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	467	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	468	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	469	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	470	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	471	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	472	!
	473	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	474	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	475	!-- For default-type surfaces
	476	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	477	DO l = 0, 1
	478	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	479	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	480	!
	481	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	482	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	483	!
	484	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	485	CALL calc_us
	486	!
	487	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	488	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	489	ENDIF
	490	ENDDO
	491	!
	492	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	493	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	494	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	495	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	496	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	497	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
[3668]	498	DO l = 0, 1
	499	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	500	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	501	!
[3668]	502	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	503	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
[2232]	504	!
[3668]	505	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	506	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
[2232]	507	!
[3668]	508	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	509	CALL calc_us
[2232]	510	!
[3668]	511	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	512	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
[2232]	513	!
[3668]	514	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	515	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	516	ENDIF
	517	ENDDO
[2232]	518	!
	519	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	520	!-- to be computed.
	521	ELSE
	522	DO l = 0, 1
	523	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	524	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	525	!
	526	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	527	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	528	!
	529	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	530	CALL calc_us
	531	!
	532	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	533	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	534	ENDIF
	535	ENDDO
	536	ENDIF
	537	!
	538	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	539	DO l = 0, 1
	540	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	541	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	542	!
	543	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	544	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	545	!
	546	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	547	CALL calc_us
	548	!
	549	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	550	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	551	!
	552	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	553	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[2232]	554	ENDIF
	555	ENDDO
	556	!
	557	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	558	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	559	!-- For default-type surfaces
	560	DO l = 2, 3
	561	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	562	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	563	!
	564	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	565	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	566	!
	567	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	568	CALL calc_us
	569	!
	570	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	571	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	572
[2232]	573	ENDIF
	574	ENDDO
	575	!
	576	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	577	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	578	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	579	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	580	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	581	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
[3668]	582	DO l = 2, 3
	583	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	584	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	585	!
[3668]	586	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	587	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
[2232]	588	!
[3668]	589	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	590	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
[2232]	591	!
[3668]	592	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	593	CALL calc_us
[2232]	594	!
[3668]	595	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	596	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
[2232]	597	!
[3668]	598	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	599	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	600	ENDIF
	601	ENDDO
[2232]	602	ELSE
	603	DO l = 2, 3
	604	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	605	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	606	!
	607	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	608	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	609	!
	610	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	611	CALL calc_us
	612	!
	613	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	614	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	615	ENDIF
	616	ENDDO
	617	ENDIF
	618	!
	619	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	620	DO l = 2, 3
	621	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	622	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	623	!
	624	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	625	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	626	!
	627	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	628	CALL calc_us
	629	!
	630	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	631	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3744]	632	!
	633	!-- Calculate 10cm temperature, required in indoor model
	634	IF ( indoor_model ) CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
[2232]	635	ENDIF
	636	ENDDO
	637	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	638	!
	639	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	640	!-- surfaces.
	641	mom_w = .TRUE.
	642	!
	643	!-- Default-type surfaces
	644	DO l = 0, 3
	645	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	646	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	647	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	648	CALL calc_us
	649	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	650	ENDIF
	651	ENDDO
	652	!
	653	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	654	DO l = 0, 3
	655	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	656	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	657	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	658	CALL calc_us
	659	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	660	ENDIF
	661	ENDDO
	662	!
	663	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	664	DO l = 0, 3
	665	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	666	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	667	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	668	CALL calc_us
	669	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	670	ENDIF
	671	ENDDO
	672	mom_w = .FALSE.
	673	!
	674	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	675	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	676	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	677	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	678	!
	679	!-- Default-type surfaces
	680	DO l = 0, 3
	681	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	682	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	683	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	684	CALL calc_us
	685	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	686	ENDIF
	687	ENDDO
	688	!
	689	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	690	DO l = 0, 3
	691	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	692	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	693	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	694	CALL calc_us
	695	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	696	ENDIF
	697	ENDDO
	698	!
	699	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	700	DO l = 0, 3
	701	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	702	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	703	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	704	CALL calc_us
	705	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	706	ENDIF
	707	ENDDO
	708	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	709
[1691]	710
	711	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	712
	713
	714	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	715	! Description:
	716	! ------------
	717	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	718	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	719	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	720	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	721	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	722
	723	IMPLICIT NONE
	724
	725
[3685]	726	CALL location_message( 'initializing surface layer', .FALSE. )
[1709]	727
	728	!
	729	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	730	!-- large value
[2232]	731	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	732	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	733	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	734	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	735	ENDIF
[1709]	736
[3685]	737	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
	738
[1691]	739	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	740
	741
	742	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	743	! Description:
	744	! ------------
[1709]	745	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	746	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	747	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	748	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[3157]	749
[1691]	750	IMPLICIT NONE
	751
[2232]	752	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	753	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	754	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	755	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	756	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	757
[3157]	758	REAL(wp) :: w_lfc !< local free convection velocity scale
[2232]	759	!
	760	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	761	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	762
[3634]	763	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, w_lfc) &
	764	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, u, v)
[2232]	765	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	766
[2232]	767	i = surf%i(m)
	768	j = surf%j(m)
	769	k = surf%k(m)
[3157]	770
[1691]	771	!
[3157]	772	!-- Calculate free convection velocity scale w_lfc is
	773	!-- use_free_convection_scaling = .T.. This will maintain a horizontal
	774	!-- velocity even for very weak wind convective conditions. SIGN is used
	775	!-- to set w_lfc to zero under stable conditions.
	776	IF ( use_free_convection_scaling ) THEN
	777	w_lfc = ABS(g / surf%pt1(m) * surf%z_mo(m) * surf%shf(m))
	778	w_lfc = ( 0.5_wp * ( w_lfc + SIGN(w_lfc,surf%shf(m)) ) )**(0.33333_wp)
	779	ELSE
	780	w_lfc = 0.0_wp
	781	ENDIF
	782
	783	!
[2232]	784	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	785	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	786	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	787	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	788	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	789	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	790	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	791	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	792	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	793	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	794	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	795	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	796	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	797	) * ibit &
	798	) &
	799	)**2 + &
	800	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	801	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	802	) * ibit &
	803	) &
[3157]	804	)2 + w_lfc2 &
[2232]	805	)
	806
[3148]	807
	808
[1691]	809	ENDDO
	810
[2232]	811	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	812
	813
	814	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	815	! Description:
	816	! ------------
	817	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	818	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	819	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	820	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	821
	822	IMPLICIT NONE
	823
[3547]	824	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	825	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	826	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	827	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	828
[3547]	829	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on xu-grid
	830	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on xu-grid
[2232]	831
	832
	833	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	834	i = surf%i(m)
	835	j = surf%j(m)
	836	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	837	!
[2232]	838	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	839	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	840	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	841	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	842
[2232]	843	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	844
[2232]	845	ENDDO
[1709]	846
[2232]	847	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	848
[1709]	849	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	850	! Description:
	851	! ------------
[2232]	852	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	853	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	854	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	855	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	856
	857	IMPLICIT NONE
	858
[3547]	859	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	860	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	861	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	862	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	863
[3547]	864	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on yv-grid
	865	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on yv-grid
[2232]	866
	867
	868	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	869	i = surf%i(m)
	870	j = surf%j(m)
	871	k = surf%k(m)
	872
	873	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	874	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	875	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	876
	877	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	878
	879	ENDDO
	880
	881	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	882
	883	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	884	! Description:
	885	! ------------
	886	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	887	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	888	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	889	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	890
	891	IMPLICIT NONE
	892
[3547]	893	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	894	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	895	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	896	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	897
[3547]	898	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on x-zw-grid
	899	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on y-zw-grid
	900	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on zw-grid
[2232]	901	!
	902	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	903	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	904	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	905	i = surf%i(m)
	906	j = surf%j(m)
	907	k = surf%k(m)
	908
	909	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	910	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	911	v_i = 0.0_wp
	912	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	913
	914	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	915	ENDDO
	916	!
	917	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	918	ELSE
	919	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	920	i = surf%i(m)
	921	j = surf%j(m)
	922	k = surf%k(m)
	923
	924	u_i = 0.0_wp
	925	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	926	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	927	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	928
	929	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	930	ENDDO
	931	ENDIF
	932
	933	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	934
	935	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	936	! Description:
	937	! ------------
	938	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	939	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	940	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	941	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	942
	943	IMPLICIT NONE
	944
[3547]	945	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	946	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	947	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	948	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	949
[3547]	950	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on scalar grid
	951	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on scalar grid
	952	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on scalar grid
[2232]	953
	954	!
	955	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	956	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	957	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	958	i = surf%i(m)
	959	j = surf%j(m)
	960	k = surf%k(m)
	961
	962	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	963	v_i = 0.0_wp
	964	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	965
	966	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	967	ENDDO
	968	!
	969	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	970	ELSE
	971	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	972	i = surf%i(m)
	973	j = surf%j(m)
	974	k = surf%k(m)
	975
	976	u_i = 0.0_wp
	977	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	978	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	979
	980	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	981	ENDDO
	982	ENDIF
	983
	984	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	985
	986
	987	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	988	! Description:
	989	! ------------
[1709]	990	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	991	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	992	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	993
	994	IMPLICIT NONE
	995
[2232]	996	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	997	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	998
	999	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1000	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1001	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1002	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1003	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1004	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1005
[2232]	1006	!
[3668]	1007	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1008	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1009	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1010	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1011	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1012	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1013
[3668]	1014	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1015
[3668]	1016	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1017	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1018	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1019	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1020	ENDDO
	1021	ELSE
	1022	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1023	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[2232]	1024
[3668]	1025	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1026
[3668]	1027	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1028	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1029	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1030	ENDDO
	1031	ENDIF
	1032	ELSE
	1033	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1034	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
	1035	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[2232]	1036
[3668]	1037	k = surf%k(m)
[2232]	1038
[3668]	1039	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1040
[3668]	1041	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1042	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1043	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1044	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1045	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1046	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[3668]	1047	ENDDO
	1048	ELSE
	1049	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
	1050	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(k, z_mo) &
	1051	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, drho_air_zw)
	1052	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1053
[3668]	1054	k = surf%k(m)
[2232]	1055
[3668]	1056	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[2232]	1057
[3668]	1058	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1059	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1060	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
	1061	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1062	ENDDO
[2232]	1063	ENDIF
[1691]	1064	ENDIF
	1065
	1066	!
[3668]	1067	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length using Newton iteration
	1068	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, z_mo) &
	1069	!$ACC PRIVATE(ol_old, ol_m, ol_l, ol_u, f, f_d_ol) &
	1070	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
	1071	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1072
[3668]	1073	i = surf%i(m)
	1074	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1075
[3668]	1076	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1077
	1078	!
[3668]	1079	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1080	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1081
	1082	!
[3668]	1083	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1084	!-- length have the same sign
	1085	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1086	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1087	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1088	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1089	ENDIF
[1691]	1090	!
[3668]	1091	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1092	iter = 0
	1093	DO
	1094	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1095	!
[3668]	1096	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1097	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1098	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1099	EXIT
	1100	ENDIF
[1691]	1101
[3668]	1102	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1103	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1104	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1105
	1106
[3668]	1107	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1108	!
[3668]	1109	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1110	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1111	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1112	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1113	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1114	ol_m ) &
	1115	) &
	1116	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1117	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1118	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
[2232]	1119	)**2
[1691]	1120
	1121	!
[3668]	1122	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1123	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1124	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1125	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1126	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1127	) &
	1128	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1129	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1130	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1131	)**2 &
	1132	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1133	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1134	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1135	) &
	1136	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1137	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1138	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1139	)**2 &
	1140	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1141	ELSE
[1691]	1142	!
[3668]	1143	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1144	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1145	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1146	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1147	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1148	)**3
[1691]	1149
	1150	!
[3668]	1151	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1152	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1153	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1154	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1155	)**3 &
[2232]	1156	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
[3668]	1157	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1158	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1159	)**3 &
	1160	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1161	ENDIF
[1691]	1162	!
[3668]	1163	!-- Calculate new L
	1164	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1165
	1166	!
[3668]	1167	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1168	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1169	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1170	!
[3668]	1171	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1172	!-- value that is allowed
	1173	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1174	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1175	EXIT
	1176	ENDIF
[1691]	1177	!
[3668]	1178	!-- Check for convergence
	1179	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1180	EXIT
[2232]	1181	ELSE
[3668]	1182	CYCLE
[2232]	1183	ENDIF
[1691]	1184
	1185	ENDDO
[3668]	1186	ENDDO
[1691]	1187
	1188	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1189
	1190	!
	1191	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1192	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1193
	1194	IMPLICIT NONE
	1195
[2232]	1196	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1197
[2232]	1198	!
	1199	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1200	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1201	!
	1202	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1203	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1204	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1205	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1206	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1207	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1208
[2232]	1209	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1210	!
[2232]	1211	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1212	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1213	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1214	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1215	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1216
	1217	ENDDO
	1218	!
	1219	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1220	!-- any stability.
	1221	ELSE
[2281]	1222	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1223	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1224	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1225	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1226
	1227	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1228	!
	1229	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1230	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1231
	1232	ENDDO
	1233	ENDIF
	1234	!
	1235	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1236	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1237	ELSE
	1238	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[3634]	1239	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(z_mo) &
	1240	!$ACC PRESENT(surf)
[2232]	1241	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1242	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1243
	1244	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1245	ENDDO
[2232]	1246	ENDIF
[1691]	1247
	1248	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1249
	1250	!
[3146]	1251	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1252	!-- temperature at first grid level
[1691]	1253	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1254
	1255	IMPLICIT NONE
	1256
[2232]	1257	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1258
	1259	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1260	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1261	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, pt)
[2232]	1262	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1263
	1264	i = surf%i(m)
	1265	j = surf%j(m)
	1266	k = surf%k(m)
	1267
[3634]	1268	#ifndef _OPENACC
[3274]	1269	IF ( bulk_cloud_model ) THEN
	1270	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1271	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1272	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
[3274]	1273	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1274	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1275	ELSE
[3634]	1276	#endif
[2696]	1277	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
[3634]	1278	#ifndef _OPENACC
[2696]	1279	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1280	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1281	ELSE
[3634]	1282	#endif
[2696]	1283	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
[3634]	1284	#ifndef _OPENACC
[2696]	1285	ENDIF
[2547]	1286	ENDIF
[2232]	1287
[3146]	1288	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1289	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1290	ENDIF
[3634]	1291	#endif
[3146]	1292
[1691]	1293	ENDDO
	1294
	1295	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1296
[2696]	1297
[1691]	1298	!
[3152]	1299	!-- Set potential temperature at surface grid level.
[2696]	1300	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1301	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1302
	1303	IMPLICIT NONE
	1304
[3146]	1305	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1306	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1307
[3146]	1308	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1309	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1310	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1311	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, pt)
[2696]	1312	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1313
	1314	i = surf%i(m)
	1315	j = surf%j(m)
	1316	k = surf%k(m)
	1317
[3146]	1318	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1319
	1320	ENDDO
	1321
	1322	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1323
	1324	!
[3152]	1325	!-- Set mixing ratio at surface grid level. ( Only for upward-facing surfs. )
	1326	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1327
	1328	IMPLICIT NONE
	1329
	1330	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1331	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1332
	1333	k_off = surf%koff
	1334	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1335	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1336
	1337	i = surf%i(m)
	1338	j = surf%j(m)
	1339	k = surf%k(m)
	1340
	1341	surf%q_surface(m) = q(k+k_off,j,i)
	1342
	1343	ENDDO
	1344
	1345	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1346
	1347	!
	1348	!-- Set virtual potential temperature at surface grid level.
[3146]	1349	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1350	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1351
	1352	IMPLICIT NONE
	1353
	1354	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1355	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1356
	1357	k_off = surf%koff
	1358	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1359	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1360
	1361	i = surf%i(m)
	1362	j = surf%j(m)
	1363	k = surf%k(m)
	1364
	1365	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1366
	1367	ENDDO
	1368
	1369	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1370
	1371	!
[2292]	1372	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1373	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1374
	1375	IMPLICIT NONE
	1376
[2232]	1377
	1378	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1379	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1380	!
[2232]	1381	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1382	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1383	!
	1384	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1385
	1386	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
[3634]	1387	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
	1388	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, drho_air_zw)
[2232]	1389	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1390
	1391	i = surf%i(m)
	1392	j = surf%j(m)
	1393	k = surf%k(m)
	1394
	1395	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1396	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1397
[1691]	1398	!
[2232]	1399	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1400	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1401	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1402	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1403
[1691]	1404	ENDDO
	1405
[2232]	1406	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1407	!
	1408	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1409	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1410
	1411	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1412	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1413	i = surf%i(m)
	1414	j = surf%j(m)
	1415	k = surf%k(m)
	1416
	1417	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1418	ENDDO
	1419	ENDIF
	1420
[2696]	1421	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1422	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1423
[2696]	1424	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1425
[2696]	1426	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1427	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1428	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1429	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1430
[2696]	1431	ENDDO
[2232]	1432
	1433	ENDIF
	1434	!
	1435	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1436	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1437	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1438	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1439	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1440
	1441	i = surf%i(m)
	1442	j = surf%j(m)
	1443	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1444	!
	1445	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1446	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1447	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1448	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1449
[1691]	1450	ENDDO
	1451	ENDIF
	1452
	1453	!
[2232]	1454	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1455	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1456	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1457	!
[1788]	1458	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1459	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1460	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1461
	1462	i = surf%i(m)
	1463	j = surf%j(m)
	1464	k = surf%k(m)
	1465	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1466	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1467
[1691]	1468	ENDDO
	1469
[2232]	1470	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1471	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1472	run_coupled )
	1473
[1788]	1474	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1475	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1476	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1477
	1478	i = surf%i(m)
	1479	j = surf%j(m)
	1480	k = surf%k(m)
	1481	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1482
[1691]	1483	ENDDO
	1484	ENDIF
	1485
	1486	!
[2232]	1487	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1488	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1489	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1490	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1491	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1492	i = surf%i(m)
	1493	j = surf%j(m)
	1494	k = surf%k(m)
	1495	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1496	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1497	- 273.15_wp ) )
[3361]	1498	q(k-1,j,i) = rd_d_rv * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
[2232]	1499	ENDDO
	1500	ENDIF
[1691]	1501
[3274]	1502	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1503	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1504	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1505
[2232]	1506	i = surf%i(m)
	1507	j = surf%j(m)
	1508	k = surf%k(m)
	1509
	1510	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1511
[3152]	1512	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - surf%q_surface(m) ) &
[2232]	1513	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1514	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1515	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1516	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1517	ENDDO
[2232]	1518	ELSE
	1519	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1520	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1521
	1522	i = surf%i(m)
	1523	j = surf%j(m)
	1524	k = surf%k(m)
	1525
	1526	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1527
	1528	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1529	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1530	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1531	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1532	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1533	ENDDO
	1534	ENDIF
	1535	ENDIF
	1536	!
	1537	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1538	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1539	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1540	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1541
	1542	i = surf%i(m)
	1543	j = surf%j(m)
	1544	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1545
[1691]	1546	ENDDO
	1547	ENDIF
	1548	ENDIF
[1960]	1549
	1550	!
	1551	!-- If required compute s*
	1552	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1553	!
[2232]	1554	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1555	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1556	!
	1557	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1558	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1559	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1560	i = surf%i(m)
	1561	j = surf%j(m)
	1562	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1563	ENDDO
	1564	ENDIF
[2232]	1565	!
	1566	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1567	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1568	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1569	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1570	i = surf%i(m)
	1571	j = surf%j(m)
	1572	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1573	ENDDO
	1574	ENDIF
[1960]	1575	ENDIF
[1691]	1576
[2292]	1577	!
[2696]	1578	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1579	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1580	!
	1581	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1582	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1583	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1584	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1585	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1586	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1587	i = surf%i(m)
	1588	j = surf%j(m)
	1589	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1590	ENDDO
	1591	ENDIF
	1592	ENDDO
	1593	!
	1594	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1595	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1596	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1597	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1598	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1599	i = surf%i(m)
	1600	j = surf%j(m)
	1601	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1602	ENDDO
	1603	ENDDO
	1604	ENDIF
	1605	ENDIF
	1606
	1607	!
[2292]	1608	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
[3274]	1609	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1610	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1611	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1612	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1613
[2292]	1614	i = surf%i(m)
	1615	j = surf%j(m)
	1616	k = surf%k(m)
	1617
	1618	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1619
	1620	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1621	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1622	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1623	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1624
	1625	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1626	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1627	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1628	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1629	ENDDO
	1630
	1631	ENDIF
	1632
[1691]	1633	!
	1634	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[3274]	1635	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1636	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1637	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1638	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1639
[2232]	1640	i = surf%i(m)
	1641	j = surf%j(m)
	1642	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1643
[2232]	1644	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1645
[2232]	1646	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1647	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1648	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1649	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1650
[2232]	1651	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1652	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1653	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1654	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1655	ENDDO
	1656
	1657	ENDIF
	1658
	1659	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1660
	1661
	1662
	1663	!
[2292]	1664	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1665	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1666
	1667	IMPLICIT NONE
	1668
[2696]	1669	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1670	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1671
[2232]	1672	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1673	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1674	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1675	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1676	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1677	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1678
	1679	!
[2232]	1680	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1681	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1682	!
	1683	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1684	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1685	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1686	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
[3634]	1687	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, z_mo) &
	1688	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, u, rho_air_zw)
[2232]	1689	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1690
	1691	i = surf%i(m)
	1692	j = surf%j(m)
	1693	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1694
[2232]	1695	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1696
[2232]	1697	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1698	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1699	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1700	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1701	!
	1702	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1703	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1704	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1705	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1706	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1707	!-- tests had shown.
	1708	!-- Same also for ol.
	1709	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1710
[2232]	1711	ENDDO
[1691]	1712	!
[2232]	1713	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1714	ELSE
	1715	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1716	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1717
	1718	i = surf%i(m)
	1719	j = surf%j(m)
	1720	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1721
[2232]	1722	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1723
	1724	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1725	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1726
[2232]	1727	ENDDO
	1728	ENDIF
[1691]	1729
[2232]	1730	!
	1731	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1732	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1733	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	1734	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1735	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
[3634]	1736	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k, z_mo) &
	1737	!$ACC PRESENT(surf, v, rho_air_zw)
[2232]	1738	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1739	i = surf%i(m)
	1740	j = surf%j(m)
	1741	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1742
[2232]	1743	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1744
[2232]	1745	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1746	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1747	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1748	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1749	!
[2232]	1750	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1751	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	1752	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1753	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1754	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1755	!-- tests had shown.
	1756	!-- Same also for ol.
	1757	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1758	ENDDO
	1759	!
	1760	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	1761	ELSE
	1762	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1763	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1764	i = surf%i(m)
	1765	j = surf%j(m)
	1766	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1767
[2232]	1768	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1769
	1770	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1771	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	1772	ENDDO
	1773	ENDIF
[1691]	1774	!
[2232]	1775	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	1776	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	1777	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	1778	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	1779	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	1780	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1781	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1782	i = surf%i(m)
	1783	j = surf%j(m)
	1784	k = surf%k(m)
	1785	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1786	ENDDO
[2232]	1787	ENDIF
	1788	!
	1789	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	1790	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	1791	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	1792	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	1793	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	1794	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1795	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1796	i = surf%i(m)
	1797	j = surf%j(m)
	1798	k = surf%k(m)
	1799	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1800	ENDDO
	1801	ENDIF
	1802	!
	1803	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	1804	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	1805	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1806	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1807	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1808
[2232]	1809	i = surf%i(m)
	1810	j = surf%j(m)
	1811	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1812
[2232]	1813	ENDDO
[2292]	1814	ENDIF
[1691]	1815	!
[2696]	1816	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	1817	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1818	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	1819	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	1820	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1821	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1822	i = surf%i(m)
	1823	j = surf%j(m)
	1824	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	1825	ENDDO
	1826	ENDIF
	1827	ENDDO
	1828
	1829	!
[2292]	1830	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
[3274]	1831	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1832	.NOT. downward) THEN
	1833	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1834	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1835
	1836	i = surf%i(m)
	1837	j = surf%j(m)
	1838
	1839	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1840	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1841	ENDDO
	1842	ENDIF
	1843	!
[2232]	1844	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[3274]	1845	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1846	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	1847	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1848	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1849
	1850	i = surf%i(m)
	1851	j = surf%j(m)
	1852
	1853	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1854	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1855	ENDDO
[2232]	1856	ENDIF
[1691]	1857
[1960]	1858	!
[2232]	1859	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	1860	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	1861	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1862	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1863
	1864	i = surf%i(m)
	1865	j = surf%j(m)
	1866	k = surf%k(m)
	1867
	1868	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	1869	!
	1870	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	1871	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	1872	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	1873
[1960]	1874	ENDDO
[2232]	1875	ENDIF
	1876	!
	1877	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	1878	ELSE
	1879	!
	1880	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	1881	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	1882	!
	1883	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	1884	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	1885	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	1886	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	1887	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	1888	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1889	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1890	i = surf%i(m)
	1891	j = surf%j(m)
	1892	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1893
[2232]	1894	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	1895
[2232]	1896	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	1897	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	1898	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1899
	1900	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	1901	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	1902	ENDDO
	1903	ENDIF
[1691]	1904	!
[2232]	1905	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	1906	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	1907	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1908	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1909	i = surf%i(m)
	1910	j = surf%j(m)
	1911	k = surf%k(m)
	1912
	1913	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1914
	1915	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1916
	1917	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	1918	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1919	ENDDO
[2232]	1920	ENDIF
	1921	!
	1922	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	1923	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	1924	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	1925	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	1926	!--
	1927	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	1928	!
	1929	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	1930	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	1931	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	1932	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	1933
[2232]	1934	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1935	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1936	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1937	i = surf%i(m)
	1938	j = surf%j(m)
	1939	k = surf%k(m)
	1940
	1941	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1942	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	1943	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1944	ENDDO
	1945	ELSE
	1946	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1947	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1948	i = surf%i(m)
	1949	j = surf%j(m)
	1950	k = surf%k(m)
	1951
	1952	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	1953	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1954	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1955	ENDDO
	1956	ENDIF
	1957
[2281]	1958	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	1959	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1960	i = surf%i(m)
	1961	j = surf%j(m)
	1962
	1963	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1964
	1965	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1966	!
[2232]	1967	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	1968	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	1969	!
[2232]	1970	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	1971	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	1972
	1973	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	1974	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1975	ENDDO
[2232]	1976	!
	1977	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	1978	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	1979	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	1980	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	1981	ENDIF
[1691]	1982	ENDIF
	1983
	1984	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1985
[3597]	1986
	1987	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1988	! Description:
	1989	! ------------
	1990	!> Calculates temperature near surface (10 cm) for indoor model or 2 m
	1991	!> temperature for output
	1992	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1993	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_near_surface ( z_char )
[1691]	1994
[3597]	1995	IMPLICIT NONE
	1996
[3787]	1997	CHARACTER (LEN = *), INTENT(IN) :: z_char !< string identifier to identify z level
	1998	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k, m !< running indices
[3597]	1999
	2000
	2001	SELECT CASE ( z_char)
	2002
	2003
	2004	CASE ( '10cm' )
	2005
	2006	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2007
	2008	i = surf%i(m)
	2009	j = surf%j(m)
	2010	k = surf%k(m)
	2011
[3744]	2012	surf%pt_10cm(m) = surf%pt_surface(m) + surf%ts(m) / kappa &
	2013	* ( LOG( 0.1_wp / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	2014	- psi_h( 0.1_wp / surf%ol(m) ) &
[3597]	2015	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[3744]	2016
[3597]	2017	ENDDO
	2018
	2019
	2020	CASE ( '2m' )
	2021
	2022	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2023
	2024	i = surf%i(m)
	2025	j = surf%j(m)
	2026	k = surf%k(m)
	2027
[3744]	2028	surf%pt_2m(m) = surf%pt_surface(m) + surf%ts(m) / kappa &
	2029	* ( LOG( 2.0_wp / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	2030	- psi_h( 2.0_wp / surf%ol(m) ) &
[3597]	2031	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2032
	2033	ENDDO
	2034
	2035
	2036	END SELECT
	2037
	2038	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_near_surface
	2039
	2040
[1691]	2041	!
	2042	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2043	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
[3634]	2044	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[1691]	2045
	2046	USE kinds
	2047
	2048	IMPLICIT NONE
	2049
	2050	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2051	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2052	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2053
	2054	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2055	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2056	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2057	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2058	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2059	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2060
	2061
	2062	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2063	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2064	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2065	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2066	ELSE
	2067
	2068	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2069	- bc_d_d
	2070	!
	2071	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2072	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2073
	2074	ENDIF
	2075
	2076	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2077
	2078
	2079	!
	2080	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2081	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
[3634]	2082	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[1691]	2083
	2084	USE kinds
	2085
	2086	IMPLICIT NONE
	2087
	2088	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2089	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2090	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2091
	2092	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2093	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2094	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2095	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2096	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2097	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2098
	2099
	2100	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2101	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2102	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2103	ELSE
	2104	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2105	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2106	+ 1.0_wp
	2107	!
	2108	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2109	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2110	ENDIF
	2111
	2112	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2113
[3130]	2114
	2115	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2116	! Description:
	2117	! ------------
	2118	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2119	!>
	2120	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2121	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2122	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
[3634]	2123	!$ACC ROUTINE SEQ
[3130]	2124
	2125	IMPLICIT NONE
	2126
	2127	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2128	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2129
	2130	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2131	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2132
	2133	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2134	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2135	ELSE
	2136	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2137	ENDIF
	2138
	2139	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2140
[1697]	2141	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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