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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3597

Last change on this file since 3597 was 3597, checked in by maronga, 6 years ago
revised calculation of near surface air potential temperature
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 89.8 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3147]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3597 2018-12-04 08:40:18Z maronga $
[3597]	28	! Added routine for calculating near surface air potential temperature (moved
	29	! from urban_surface_mod)
	30	!
	31	! 3547 2018-11-21 13:21:24Z suehring
[3547]	32	! variables documented
	33	!
	34	! 3361 2018-10-16 20:39:37Z knoop
[3274]	35	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	36	!
	37	! 3271 2018-09-24 08:20:34Z suehring
[3271]	38	! Comment revised
	39	!
	40	! 3157 2018-07-19 21:08:49Z maronga
[3157]	41	! Added local free convection velocity scale w_lfc in calculation of uvw_abs.
	42	! This can be switche on/off by the user via the flag namelist parameter
	43	! use_free_convection_scaling
	44	!
	45	! 3152 2018-07-19 13:26:52Z suehring
[3152]	46	! q_surface is now part of surface structure
	47	!
	48	! 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga
[3149]	49	! Correct accidental last commit
	50	!
	51	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	52	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	53	!
	54	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	55	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	56	!
	57	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	58	! Error message revised
	59	!
	60	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	61	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	62	!
	63	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	64	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	65	!
	66	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	67	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	68	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	69	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	70	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	71	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	72	!
	73	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	74	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	75	!
	76	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	77	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	78	!
	79	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	80	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	81	!
	82	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	83	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	84	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	85	! and cloud water content (qc).
	86	!
	87	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	88	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	89	!
	90	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	91	!
[2233]	92	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	93	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	94	! OpenMP bugfix
	95	!
[2119]	96	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	97	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	98	!
[2092]	99	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	100	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	101	!
[2077]	102	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	103	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	104	!
[2074]	105	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	106	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	107	!
[2038]	108	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	109	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	110	!
[2012]	111	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	112	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	113	!
[2008]	114	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	115	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	116	!
[2001]	117	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	118	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	119	!
[1993]	120	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	121	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	122	!
[1961]	123	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	124	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	125	!
[1930]	126	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	127	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	128	! completely surrounded by topography
	129	!
[1921]	130	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	131	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	132	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	133	!
[1916]	134	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	135	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	136	! timestep
	137	!
[1851]	138	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	139	! Module renamed
	140	!
	141	!
[1823]	142	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	143	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	144	!
[1789]	145	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	146	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	147	! humidity.
	148	! Syntax layout improved.
	149	!
[1758]	150	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	151	! Minor fixes.
	152	!
[1750]	153	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	154	! further OpenACC adjustments
	155	!
[1748]	156	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	157	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	158	!
[1710]	159	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	160	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	161	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	162	! neutral = .T.
	163	!
[1706]	164	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	165	! Typo removed
	166	!
[1698]	167	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	168	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	169	!
[1697]	170	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	171	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	172	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	173	! updated description.
	174	!
	175	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	176	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	177	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	178	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	179	! directly prescribed by the user.
	180	!
	181	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	182	! Adapted for land surface model
	183	!
	184	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	185	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	186	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	187	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	188	!
	189	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	190	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	191	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	192	!
	193	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	194	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	195	!
	196	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	197	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	198	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	199	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	200	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	201	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	202	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	203	! all variable declaration statements
	204	!
	205	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	206	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	207	!
	208	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	209	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	210	!
	211	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	212	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	213	!
	214	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	215	! OpenACC statements added
	216	!
	217	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	218	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	219	!
	220	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	221	! Initial revision
	222	!
	223	!
	224	! Description:
	225	! ------------
	226	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	227	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	228	!> available:
	229	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	230	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	231	!> slower
	232	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	233	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	234	!>
	235	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	236	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	237	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	238	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	239	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	240
	241	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	242	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
[3274]	243	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw, d_exner
[1691]	244
[3274]	245	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3361]	246	ONLY: g, kappa, lv_d_cp, pi, rd_d_rv
[3274]	247
[2696]	248	USE chem_modules, &
	249	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	250
[1691]	251	USE cpulog
	252
	253	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	254	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, &
	255	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
[3597]	256	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, do_output_at_2m, humidity, &
	257	ibc_e_b, ibc_pt_b, indoor_model, initializing_actions, &
[2232]	258	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[3274]	259	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, message_string, &
[2292]	260	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	261	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[3157]	262	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, &
	263	use_free_convection_scaling, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	264
[2232]	265	USE grid_variables, &
	266	ONLY: dx, dy
	267
[1691]	268	USE indices, &
[2232]	269	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	270
	271	USE kinds
	272
[3274]	273	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	274	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert
	275
[1691]	276	USE pegrid
	277
	278	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	279	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	280
[2232]	281	USE surface_mod, &
	282	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	283	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	284
[1691]	285
	286	IMPLICIT NONE
	287
[1992]	288	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	289	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	290	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	291	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	292	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	293
[2232]	294	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	295
[2232]	296	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	297	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	298	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	299	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	300	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	301	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	302
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	304	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	305
	306	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	307	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	308	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	309	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	310	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	311
[2232]	312	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	313
[2232]	314
[1691]	315	SAVE
	316
	317	PRIVATE
	318
[3130]	319	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	320
	321	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	322	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	323	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	324
[3130]	325	INTERFACE phi_m
	326	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	327	END INTERFACE phi_m
	328
[1691]	329	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	330	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	331	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	332
	333
	334	CONTAINS
	335
	336
	337	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	338	! Description:
	339	! ------------
	340	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	341	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	342	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	343
	344	IMPLICIT NONE
	345
[3547]	346	surf_vertical = .FALSE. !< flag indicating vertically orientated surface elements
	347	downward = .FALSE. !< flag indicating downward-facing surface elements
[1691]	348	!
[2696]	349	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	350	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	351	!
[2696]	352	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	353	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	354	DO l = 0, 1
	355	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	356	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	357	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	358	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	359	CALL calc_pt_surface
	360	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3152]	361	CALL calc_q_surface
[3146]	362	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	363	ENDIF
	364	ENDIF
[2696]	365	ENDIF
	366	ENDDO
[2232]	367	!
[2696]	368	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	369	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	370	surf => surf_lsm_h
	371	CALL calc_pt_q
	372	ENDIF
	373
	374	!
	375	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	376	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	377	surf => surf_usm_h
	378	CALL calc_pt_q
	379	ENDIF
	380
	381	!
	382	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	383	DO l = 0, 3
	384	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	385	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	386	CALL calc_pt_q
	387	ENDIF
[2696]	388
[3146]	389	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	390	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	391	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	392	CALL calc_pt_q
	393	ENDIF
[2696]	394	ENDDO
[1691]	395
	396	!
	397	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	398	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	399	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	400	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	401	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	402
	403	!
	404	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	405	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	406	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	407	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	408	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	409	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	410	!
	411	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	412	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	413	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	414	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	415	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	416	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	417	CALL calc_us
	418	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3597]	419
	420	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	421	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
	422	ENDIF
[1691]	423	ENDIF
	424	!
[2232]	425	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	426	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	427	surf => surf_lsm_h
	428	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	429	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	430	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	431	CALL calc_us
	432	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3597]	433	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	434	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
	435	ENDIF
[2232]	436	ENDIF
	437	!
	438	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	439	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	440	surf => surf_usm_h
	441	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	442	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	443	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	444	CALL calc_us
	445	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3597]	446	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	447	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
	448	ENDIF
	449	IF ( indoor_model ) THEN
	450	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
	451	ENDIF
[2232]	452	ENDIF
	453	!
[1691]	454	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	455	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	456	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	457	!
	458	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	459	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	460	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	461	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	462	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	463	CALL calc_us
	464	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	465	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3597]	466	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	467	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
	468	ENDIF
[1691]	469	ENDIF
[2232]	470	!
	471	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	472	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	473	surf => surf_lsm_h
	474	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	475	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	476	CALL calc_us
	477	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	478	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3597]	479	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	480	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
	481	ENDIF
[2232]	482	ENDIF
	483	!
	484	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	485	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	486	surf => surf_usm_h
	487	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	488	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	489	CALL calc_us
	490	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	491	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[3597]	492	IF ( do_output_at_2m ) THEN
	493	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '2m' )
	494	ENDIF
	495	IF ( indoor_model ) THEN
	496	CALL calc_pt_near_surface ( '10cm' )
	497	ENDIF
[2232]	498	ENDIF
[1691]	499
[2232]	500	ENDIF
	501	!
	502	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	503	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	504	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	505	!-- most_method is required.
	506	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	507	downward = .TRUE.
	508	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	509	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	510	CALL calc_us
	511	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	512	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	513	ENDIF
[2232]	514	!
	515	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	516	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	517	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	518	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	519	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	520	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	521	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	522	!
	523	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	524	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	525	!-- For default-type surfaces
	526	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	527	DO l = 0, 1
	528	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	529	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	530	!
	531	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	532	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	533	!
	534	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	535	CALL calc_us
	536	!
	537	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	538	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	539	ENDIF
	540	ENDDO
	541	!
	542	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	543	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	544	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	545	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	546	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	547	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	548	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	549	DO l = 0, 1
	550	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	551	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	552	!
	553	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	554	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	555	!
	556	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	557	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	558	!
	559	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	560	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	561	!
	562	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	563	CALL calc_us
	564	!
	565	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	566	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	567	ENDIF
	568	ENDDO
	569	ELSE
	570	DO l = 0, 1
	571	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	572	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	573	!
	574	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	575	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	576	!
	577	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	578	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	579	!
	580	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	581	CALL calc_us
	582	!
	583	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	584	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	585	!
	586	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	587	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	588	ENDIF
	589	ENDDO
	590	ENDIF
	591	!
	592	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	593	!-- to be computed.
	594	ELSE
	595	DO l = 0, 1
	596	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	597	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	598	!
	599	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	600	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	601	!
	602	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	603	CALL calc_us
	604	!
	605	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	606	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	607	ENDIF
	608	ENDDO
	609	ENDIF
	610	!
	611	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	612	DO l = 0, 1
	613	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	614	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	615	!
	616	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	617	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	618	!
	619	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	620	CALL calc_us
	621	!
	622	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	623	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	624	ENDIF
	625	ENDDO
	626	!
	627	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	628	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	629	!-- For default-type surfaces
	630	DO l = 2, 3
	631	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	632	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	633	!
	634	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	635	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	636	!
	637	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	638	CALL calc_us
	639	!
	640	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	641	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	642	ENDIF
	643	ENDDO
	644	!
	645	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	646	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	647	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	648	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	649	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	650	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	651	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	652	DO l = 2, 3
	653	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	654	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	655	!
	656	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	657	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	658	!
	659	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	660	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	661	!
	662	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	663	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	664	!
	665	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	666	CALL calc_us
	667	!
	668	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	669	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	670	ENDIF
	671	ENDDO
	672	ELSE
	673	DO l = 2, 3
	674	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	675	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	676	!
	677	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	678	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	679	!
	680	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	681	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	682	!
	683	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	684	CALL calc_us
	685	!
	686	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	687	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	688	!
	689	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	690	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	691	ENDIF
	692	ENDDO
	693	ENDIF
	694	ELSE
	695	DO l = 2, 3
	696	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	697	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	698	!
	699	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	700	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	701	!
	702	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	703	CALL calc_us
	704	!
	705	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	706	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	707	ENDIF
	708	ENDDO
	709	ENDIF
	710	!
	711	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	712	DO l = 2, 3
	713	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	714	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	715	!
	716	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	717	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	718	!
	719	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	720	CALL calc_us
	721	!
	722	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	723	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	724	ENDIF
	725	ENDDO
	726	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	727	!
	728	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	729	!-- surfaces.
	730	mom_w = .TRUE.
	731	!
	732	!-- Default-type surfaces
	733	DO l = 0, 3
	734	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	735	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	736	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	737	CALL calc_us
	738	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	739	ENDIF
	740	ENDDO
	741	!
	742	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	743	DO l = 0, 3
	744	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	745	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	746	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	747	CALL calc_us
	748	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	749	ENDIF
	750	ENDDO
	751	!
	752	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	753	DO l = 0, 3
	754	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	755	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	756	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	757	CALL calc_us
	758	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	759	ENDIF
	760	ENDDO
	761	mom_w = .FALSE.
	762	!
	763	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	764	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	765	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	766	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	767	!
	768	!-- Default-type surfaces
	769	DO l = 0, 3
	770	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	771	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	772	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	773	CALL calc_us
	774	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	775	ENDIF
	776	ENDDO
	777	!
	778	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	779	DO l = 0, 3
	780	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	781	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	782	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	783	CALL calc_us
	784	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	785	ENDIF
	786	ENDDO
	787	!
	788	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	789	DO l = 0, 3
	790	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	791	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	792	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	793	CALL calc_us
	794	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	795	ENDIF
	796	ENDDO
	797	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	798
[1691]	799
	800	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	801
	802
	803	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	804	! Description:
	805	! ------------
	806	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	807	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	808	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	809	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	810	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	811
	812	IMPLICIT NONE
	813
[2232]	814	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	815	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	816
	817	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	818
	819	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	820
	821	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	822
	823
	824	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	825	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	826	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	827	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	828	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	829
	830
[1709]	831
[2232]	832
[1709]	833	!
	834	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	835	!-- large value
[2232]	836	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	837	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	838	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	839	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	840	ENDIF
[1709]	841
[1691]	842	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	843
	844	!
	845	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	846	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	847	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	848	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	849	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	850	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	851	ENDIF
[1691]	852	ENDIF
[2232]	853	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	854	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	855	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	856	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	857	ENDIF
	858	ENDIF
	859	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	860	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	861	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	862	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	863	ENDIF
	864	ENDIF
	865	!
	866	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	867	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	868	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	869	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	870	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	871	ENDIF
	872	ENDIF
	873	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	874	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	875	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	876	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	877	ENDIF
	878	ENDIF
	879	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	880	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	881	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	882	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	883	ENDIF
	884	ENDIF
[1691]	885
[2232]	886
[1691]	887	#if defined( __parallel )
	888	!
	889	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	890	!-- is TRUE
	891	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	892	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	893	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	894	#else
	895	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	896	#endif
	897
	898	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	899	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	900	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	901	'heterogeneity'
[3045]	902	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0116', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1691]	903	ENDIF
	904
	905	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	906
	907	!
	908	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	909	k = nzb
[1691]	910	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	911
	912	!
	913	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	914	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	915	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	916	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	917	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	918	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	919	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	920
[2232]	921	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	922	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	923	ENDDO
	924
	925	!
	926	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	927	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	928	regr_old = regr
	929	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	930	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	931	ENDDO
	932
	933	!
	934	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	935	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	936	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	937	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	938	ENDDO
	939
	940	!
[1757]	941	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	942	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	943	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	944	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	945	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	946	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	947	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	948	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	949	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	950	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	951	ENDIF
[1691]	952	!
	953	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	954	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	955	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	956	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	957	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	958	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	959	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	960	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	961	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	962	)**3
	963	ENDDO
	964	ELSE
[2232]	965	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	966	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	967	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	968	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	969	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	970	) &
	971	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	972	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	973	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	974	)**2
	975	ENDDO
	976	ENDIF
	977
	978	!
	979	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	980	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	981	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	982	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	983
	984	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	985	ENDIF
	986
	987	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	988
	989
	990	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	991	! Description:
	992	! ------------
[1709]	993	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	994	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	995	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	996	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[3157]	997
[1691]	998	IMPLICIT NONE
	999
[2232]	1000	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1001	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	1002	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1003	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1004	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	1005
[3157]	1006	REAL(wp) :: w_lfc !< local free convection velocity scale
[2232]	1007	!
	1008	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	1009	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	1010
[2232]	1011	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1012
[2232]	1013	i = surf%i(m)
	1014	j = surf%j(m)
	1015	k = surf%k(m)
[3157]	1016
[1691]	1017	!
[3157]	1018	!-- Calculate free convection velocity scale w_lfc is
	1019	!-- use_free_convection_scaling = .T.. This will maintain a horizontal
	1020	!-- velocity even for very weak wind convective conditions. SIGN is used
	1021	!-- to set w_lfc to zero under stable conditions.
	1022	IF ( use_free_convection_scaling ) THEN
	1023	w_lfc = ABS(g / surf%pt1(m) * surf%z_mo(m) * surf%shf(m))
	1024	w_lfc = ( 0.5_wp * ( w_lfc + SIGN(w_lfc,surf%shf(m)) ) )**(0.33333_wp)
	1025	ELSE
	1026	w_lfc = 0.0_wp
	1027	ENDIF
	1028
	1029	!
[2232]	1030	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	1031	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	1032	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	1033	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	1034	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	1035	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	1036	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	1037	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	1038	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	1039	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	1040	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	1041	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	1042	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	1043	) * ibit &
	1044	) &
	1045	)**2 + &
	1046	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	1047	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	1048	) * ibit &
	1049	) &
[3157]	1050	)2 + w_lfc2 &
[2232]	1051	)
	1052
[3148]	1053
	1054
[1691]	1055	ENDDO
	1056
[2232]	1057	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	1058
	1059
	1060	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1061	! Description:
	1062	! ------------
	1063	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1064	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1065	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1066	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1067
	1068	IMPLICIT NONE
	1069
[3547]	1070	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1071	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1072	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	1074
[3547]	1075	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on xu-grid
	1076	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on xu-grid
[2232]	1077
	1078
	1079	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1080	i = surf%i(m)
	1081	j = surf%j(m)
	1082	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1083	!
[2232]	1084	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1085	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1086	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1087	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1088
[2232]	1089	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1090
[2232]	1091	ENDDO
[1709]	1092
[2232]	1093	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1094
[1709]	1095	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1096	! Description:
	1097	! ------------
[2232]	1098	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1099	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1100	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1101	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1102
	1103	IMPLICIT NONE
	1104
[3547]	1105	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1106	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1107	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1108	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	1109
[3547]	1110	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on yv-grid
	1111	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on yv-grid
[2232]	1112
	1113
	1114	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1115	i = surf%i(m)
	1116	j = surf%j(m)
	1117	k = surf%k(m)
	1118
	1119	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1120	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1121	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1122
	1123	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1124
	1125	ENDDO
	1126
	1127	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1128
	1129	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1130	! Description:
	1131	! ------------
	1132	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1133	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1134	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1135	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1136
	1137	IMPLICIT NONE
	1138
[3547]	1139	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1140	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1141	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1142	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	1143
[3547]	1144	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on x-zw-grid
	1145	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on y-zw-grid
	1146	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on zw-grid
[2232]	1147	!
	1148	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1149	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1150	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1151	i = surf%i(m)
	1152	j = surf%j(m)
	1153	k = surf%k(m)
	1154
	1155	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1156	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1157	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1158	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1159
	1160	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1161	ENDDO
	1162	!
	1163	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1164	ELSE
	1165	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1166	i = surf%i(m)
	1167	j = surf%j(m)
	1168	k = surf%k(m)
	1169
	1170	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1171	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1172	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1173	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1174
	1175	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1176	ENDDO
	1177	ENDIF
	1178
	1179	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1180
	1181	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1182	! Description:
	1183	! ------------
	1184	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1185	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1186	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1187	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1188
	1189	IMPLICIT NONE
	1190
[3547]	1191	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1192	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1193	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1194	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	1195
[3547]	1196	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on scalar grid
	1197	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on scalar grid
	1198	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on scalar grid
[2232]	1199
	1200	!
	1201	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1202	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1203	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1204	i = surf%i(m)
	1205	j = surf%j(m)
	1206	k = surf%k(m)
	1207
	1208	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1209	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1210	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1211
	1212	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1213	ENDDO
	1214	!
	1215	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1216	ELSE
	1217	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1218	i = surf%i(m)
	1219	j = surf%j(m)
	1220	k = surf%k(m)
	1221
	1222	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1223	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1224	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1225
	1226	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1227	ENDDO
	1228	ENDIF
	1229
	1230	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1231
	1232
	1233	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1234	! Description:
	1235	! ------------
[1709]	1236	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1237	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1238	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1239
	1240	IMPLICIT NONE
	1241
[2232]	1242	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1243	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1244	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1245
	1246	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1247	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1248	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1249	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1250	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1251	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1252
[1691]	1253	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1254	!
	1255	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1256	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1257	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1258	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1259	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1260	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1261
[2232]	1262	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1263
[3146]	1264	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1265	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1266	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1267	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1268	ENDDO
	1269	ELSE
[3146]	1270	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1271	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1272
	1273	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1274
[3146]	1275	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1276	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1277	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) &
	1278	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1279	ENDDO
	1280	ENDIF
	1281	ELSE
	1282	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1283	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1284	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1285
	1286	k = surf%k(m)
	1287
	1288	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1289
	1290	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1291	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1292	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1293	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1294	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1295	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1296	ENDDO
	1297	ELSE
[3146]	1298	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1299	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1300
[2232]	1301	k = surf%k(m)
	1302
	1303	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1304
	1305	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1306	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1307	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[2232]	1308	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1309	ENDDO
	1310	ENDIF
	1311	ENDIF
	1312
[1691]	1313	ENDIF
	1314
[2232]	1315
[1691]	1316	!
	1317	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1318	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1319	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1320
[2232]	1321	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1322
[2232]	1323	i = surf%i(m)
	1324	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1325
[2232]	1326	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1327
[1691]	1328	!
[2232]	1329	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1330	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1331
	1332	!
[2232]	1333	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1334	!-- length have the same sign
	1335	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1336	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1337	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1338	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1339	ENDIF
[1691]	1340	!
[2232]	1341	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1342	iter = 0
	1343	DO
	1344	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1345	!
[2232]	1346	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1347	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1348	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1349	EXIT
	1350	ENDIF
[1691]	1351
[2232]	1352	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1353	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1354	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1355
	1356
[2232]	1357	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1358	!
[2232]	1359	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1360	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1361	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1362	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1363	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1364	ol_m ) &
	1365	) &
	1366	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1367	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1368	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1369	ol_m ) &
	1370	)**2
[1691]	1371
	1372	!
[2232]	1373	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1374	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1375	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1376	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1377	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1378	) &
	1379	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1380	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1381	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1382	)**2 &
	1383	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1384	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1385	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1386	) &
	1387	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1388	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1389	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1390	)**2 &
	1391	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1392	ELSE
[1691]	1393	!
[2232]	1394	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1395	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1396	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1397	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1398	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1399	)**3
[1691]	1400
	1401	!
[2232]	1402	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1403	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1404	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1405	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1406	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1407	)**3 &
	1408	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1409	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1410	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1411	)**3 &
	1412	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1413	ENDIF
[1691]	1414	!
[2232]	1415	!-- Calculate new L
	1416	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1417
	1418	!
[2232]	1419	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1420	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1421	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1422	!
[2232]	1423	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1424	!-- value that is allowed
	1425	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1426	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1427	EXIT
	1428	ENDIF
[1691]	1429	!
[2232]	1430	!-- Check for convergence
	1431	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1432	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1433	EXIT
	1434	ELSE
	1435	CYCLE
	1436	ENDIF
[1691]	1437
	1438	ENDDO
	1439	ENDDO
	1440
	1441	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1442
[2281]	1443	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1444	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1445
[2232]	1446	i = surf%i(m)
	1447	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1448	!
[2232]	1449	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1450	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1451	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1452	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1453
	1454	!
[2232]	1455	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1456	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1457	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1458	!-- correct direction
	1459	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1460	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1461	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1462	li = li-1
	1463	ENDDO
	1464	ELSE
	1465	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1466	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1467	li = li+1
	1468	ENDDO
	1469	ENDIF
	1470	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1471
	1472	!
[2232]	1473	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1474	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1475	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1476	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1477
	1478	ENDDO
	1479
	1480	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1481
[2232]	1482	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1483	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1484	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1485
[2232]	1486	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1487
[3146]	1488	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1489	( kappa * g * &
	1490	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1491	!
	1492	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1493	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1494	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1495	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1496	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1497	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1498	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1499	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1500	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1501
[1691]	1502	ENDDO
[3274]	1503	ELSEIF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1504	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1505	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1506
[2232]	1507	i = surf%i(m)
	1508	j = surf%j(m)
	1509	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1510
[2232]	1511	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1512
	1513
[3146]	1514	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1515	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1516	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1517	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1518	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1519	!
[2232]	1520	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1521	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1522	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1523	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1524	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1525	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1526	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1527	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1528	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1529
[2232]	1530	ENDDO
	1531	ELSE
	1532
[3146]	1533	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1534	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1535
	1536	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1537
[3146]	1538	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1539	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * &
	1540	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * &
[2232]	1541	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1542
	1543	!
	1544	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1545	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1546	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1547	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1548	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1549	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1550	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1551	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1552	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1553
	1554	ENDDO
	1555
	1556	ENDIF
	1557
	1558	ENDIF
	1559
[1691]	1560	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1561
	1562	!
	1563	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1564	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1565
	1566	IMPLICIT NONE
	1567
[2232]	1568	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1569
[2232]	1570	!
	1571	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1572	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1573	!
	1574	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1575	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1576	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1577	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1578
[2232]	1579	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1580	!
[2232]	1581	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1582	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1583	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1584	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1585	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1586
	1587	ENDDO
	1588	!
	1589	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1590	!-- any stability.
	1591	ELSE
[2281]	1592	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1593	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1594
	1595	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1596	!
	1597	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1598	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1599
	1600	ENDDO
	1601	ENDIF
	1602	!
	1603	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1604	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1605	ELSE
	1606	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1607	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1608	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1609
	1610	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1611	ENDDO
[2232]	1612	ENDIF
[1691]	1613
	1614	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1615
	1616	!
[3146]	1617	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1618	!-- temperature at first grid level
[1691]	1619	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1620
	1621	IMPLICIT NONE
	1622
[2232]	1623	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1624
	1625	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1626	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1627
	1628	i = surf%i(m)
	1629	j = surf%j(m)
	1630	k = surf%k(m)
	1631
[3274]	1632	IF ( bulk_cloud_model ) THEN
	1633	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1634	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1635	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
[3274]	1636	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1637	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1638	ELSE
	1639	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1640	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1641	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1642	ELSE
	1643	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1644	ENDIF
[2547]	1645	ENDIF
[2232]	1646
[3146]	1647	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1648	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1649	ENDIF
	1650
[1691]	1651	ENDDO
	1652
	1653	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1654
[2696]	1655
[1691]	1656	!
[3152]	1657	!-- Set potential temperature at surface grid level.
[2696]	1658	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1659	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1660
	1661	IMPLICIT NONE
	1662
[3146]	1663	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1664	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1665
[3146]	1666	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1667	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1668	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1669
	1670	i = surf%i(m)
	1671	j = surf%j(m)
	1672	k = surf%k(m)
	1673
[3146]	1674	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1675
	1676	ENDDO
	1677
	1678	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1679
	1680	!
[3152]	1681	!-- Set mixing ratio at surface grid level. ( Only for upward-facing surfs. )
	1682	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1683
	1684	IMPLICIT NONE
	1685
	1686	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1687	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1688
	1689	k_off = surf%koff
	1690	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1691	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1692
	1693	i = surf%i(m)
	1694	j = surf%j(m)
	1695	k = surf%k(m)
	1696
	1697	surf%q_surface(m) = q(k+k_off,j,i)
	1698
	1699	ENDDO
	1700
	1701	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1702
	1703	!
	1704	!-- Set virtual potential temperature at surface grid level.
[3146]	1705	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1706	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1707
	1708	IMPLICIT NONE
	1709
	1710	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1711	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1712
	1713	k_off = surf%koff
	1714	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1715	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1716
	1717	i = surf%i(m)
	1718	j = surf%j(m)
	1719	k = surf%k(m)
	1720
	1721	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1722
	1723	ENDDO
	1724
	1725	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1726
	1727	!
[2292]	1728	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1729	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1730
	1731	IMPLICIT NONE
	1732
[2232]	1733
	1734	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1735	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1736	!
[2232]	1737	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1738	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1739	!
	1740	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1741
	1742	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1743	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1744
	1745	i = surf%i(m)
	1746	j = surf%j(m)
	1747	k = surf%k(m)
	1748
	1749	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1750	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1751
[1691]	1752	!
[2232]	1753	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1754	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1755	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1756	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1757
[1691]	1758	ENDDO
	1759
[2232]	1760	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1761	!
	1762	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1763	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1764
	1765	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1766	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1767	i = surf%i(m)
	1768	j = surf%j(m)
	1769	k = surf%k(m)
	1770
	1771	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1772	ENDDO
	1773	ENDIF
	1774
[2696]	1775	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1776	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1777
[2696]	1778	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1779
[2696]	1780	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1781	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1782	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1783	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1784
[2696]	1785	ENDDO
[2232]	1786
	1787	ENDIF
	1788	!
	1789	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1790	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1791	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1792	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1793	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1794
	1795	i = surf%i(m)
	1796	j = surf%j(m)
	1797	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1798	!
	1799	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1800	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1801	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1802	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1803
[1691]	1804	ENDDO
	1805	ENDIF
	1806
	1807	!
[2232]	1808	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1809	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1810	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1811	!
[1788]	1812	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1813	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1814	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1815
	1816	i = surf%i(m)
	1817	j = surf%j(m)
	1818	k = surf%k(m)
	1819	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1820	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1821
[1691]	1822	ENDDO
	1823
[2232]	1824	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1825	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1826	run_coupled )
	1827
[1788]	1828	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1829	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1830	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1831
	1832	i = surf%i(m)
	1833	j = surf%j(m)
	1834	k = surf%k(m)
	1835	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1836
[1691]	1837	ENDDO
	1838	ENDIF
	1839
	1840	!
[2232]	1841	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1842	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1843	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1844	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1845	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1846	i = surf%i(m)
	1847	j = surf%j(m)
	1848	k = surf%k(m)
	1849	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1850	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1851	- 273.15_wp ) )
[3361]	1852	q(k-1,j,i) = rd_d_rv * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
[2232]	1853	ENDDO
	1854	ENDIF
[1691]	1855
[3274]	1856	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1857	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1858	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1859
[2232]	1860	i = surf%i(m)
	1861	j = surf%j(m)
	1862	k = surf%k(m)
	1863
	1864	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1865
[3152]	1866	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - surf%q_surface(m) ) &
[2232]	1867	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1868	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1869	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1870	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1871	ENDDO
[2232]	1872	ELSE
	1873	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1874	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1875
	1876	i = surf%i(m)
	1877	j = surf%j(m)
	1878	k = surf%k(m)
	1879
	1880	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1881
	1882	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1883	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1884	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1885	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1886	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1887	ENDDO
	1888	ENDIF
	1889	ENDIF
	1890	!
	1891	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1892	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1893	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1894	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1895
	1896	i = surf%i(m)
	1897	j = surf%j(m)
	1898	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1899
[1691]	1900	ENDDO
	1901	ENDIF
	1902	ENDIF
[1960]	1903
	1904	!
	1905	!-- If required compute s*
	1906	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1907	!
[2232]	1908	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1909	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1910	!
	1911	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1912	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1913	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1914	i = surf%i(m)
	1915	j = surf%j(m)
	1916	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1917	ENDDO
	1918	ENDIF
[2232]	1919	!
	1920	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1921	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1922	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1923	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1924	i = surf%i(m)
	1925	j = surf%j(m)
	1926	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1927	ENDDO
	1928	ENDIF
[1960]	1929	ENDIF
[1691]	1930
[2292]	1931	!
[2696]	1932	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1933	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1934	!
	1935	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1936	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1937	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1938	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1939	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1940	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1941	i = surf%i(m)
	1942	j = surf%j(m)
	1943	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1944	ENDDO
	1945	ENDIF
	1946	ENDDO
	1947	!
	1948	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1949	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1950	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1951	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1952	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1953	i = surf%i(m)
	1954	j = surf%j(m)
	1955	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1956	ENDDO
	1957	ENDDO
	1958	ENDIF
	1959	ENDIF
	1960
	1961	!
[2292]	1962	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
[3274]	1963	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1964	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1965	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1966	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1967
[2292]	1968	i = surf%i(m)
	1969	j = surf%j(m)
	1970	k = surf%k(m)
	1971
	1972	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1973
	1974	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1975	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1976	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1977	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1978
	1979	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1980	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1981	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1982	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1983	ENDDO
	1984
	1985	ENDIF
	1986
[1691]	1987	!
	1988	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[3274]	1989	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1990	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1991	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1992	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1993
[2232]	1994	i = surf%i(m)
	1995	j = surf%j(m)
	1996	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1997
[2232]	1998	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1999
[2232]	2000	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2001	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	2002	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2003	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	2004
[2232]	2005	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2006	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	2007	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2008	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	2009	ENDDO
	2010
	2011	ENDIF
	2012
	2013	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	2014
	2015
	2016
	2017	!
[2292]	2018	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	2019	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2020
	2021	IMPLICIT NONE
	2022
[2696]	2023	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	2024	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	2025
[2232]	2026	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	2027	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	2028	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	2029	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	2030	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	2031	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	2032
	2033	!
[2232]	2034	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	2035	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	2036	!
	2037	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	2038	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2039	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2040	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2041	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2042
	2043	i = surf%i(m)
	2044	j = surf%j(m)
	2045	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2046
[2232]	2047	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2048
[2232]	2049	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2050	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2051	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2052	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2053	!
	2054	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2055	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	2056	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2057	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2058	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2059	!-- tests had shown.
	2060	!-- Same also for ol.
	2061	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2062
[2232]	2063	ENDDO
[1691]	2064	!
[2232]	2065	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	2066	ELSE
	2067	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2068	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2069
	2070	i = surf%i(m)
	2071	j = surf%j(m)
	2072	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2073
[2232]	2074	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2075
	2076	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2077	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	2078
[2232]	2079	ENDDO
	2080	ENDIF
[1691]	2081
[2232]	2082	!
	2083	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	2084	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2085	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	2086	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2087	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2088	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2089	i = surf%i(m)
	2090	j = surf%j(m)
	2091	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2092
[2232]	2093	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2094
[2232]	2095	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2096	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2097	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2098	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	2099	!
[2232]	2100	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2101	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	2102	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2103	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2104	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2105	!-- tests had shown.
	2106	!-- Same also for ol.
	2107	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2108	ENDDO
	2109	!
	2110	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	2111	ELSE
	2112	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2113	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2114	i = surf%i(m)
	2115	j = surf%j(m)
	2116	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2117
[2232]	2118	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2119
	2120	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2121	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2122	ENDDO
	2123	ENDIF
[1691]	2124	!
[2232]	2125	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2126	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2127	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2128	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2129	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2130	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2131	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2132	i = surf%i(m)
	2133	j = surf%j(m)
	2134	k = surf%k(m)
	2135	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2136	ENDDO
[2232]	2137	ENDIF
	2138	!
	2139	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2140	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2141	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2142	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2143	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2144	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2145	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2146	i = surf%i(m)
	2147	j = surf%j(m)
	2148	k = surf%k(m)
	2149	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2150	ENDDO
	2151	ENDIF
	2152	!
	2153	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2154	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2155	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2156	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2157	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2158
[2232]	2159	i = surf%i(m)
	2160	j = surf%j(m)
	2161	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2162
[2232]	2163	ENDDO
[2292]	2164	ENDIF
[1691]	2165	!
[2696]	2166	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2167	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2168	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2169	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2170	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2171	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2172	i = surf%i(m)
	2173	j = surf%j(m)
	2174	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2175	ENDDO
	2176	ENDIF
	2177	ENDDO
	2178
	2179	!
[2292]	2180	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
[3274]	2181	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	2182	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2183	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2184	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2185
	2186	i = surf%i(m)
	2187	j = surf%j(m)
	2188
	2189	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2190	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2191	ENDDO
	2192	ENDIF
	2193	!
[2232]	2194	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[3274]	2195	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2196	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2197	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2198	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2199
	2200	i = surf%i(m)
	2201	j = surf%j(m)
	2202
	2203	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2204	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2205	ENDDO
[2232]	2206	ENDIF
[1691]	2207
[1960]	2208	!
[2232]	2209	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2210	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2211	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2212	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2213
	2214	i = surf%i(m)
	2215	j = surf%j(m)
	2216	k = surf%k(m)
	2217
	2218	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2219	!
	2220	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2221	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2222	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2223
[1960]	2224	ENDDO
[2232]	2225	ENDIF
	2226	!
	2227	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2228	ELSE
	2229	!
	2230	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2231	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2232	!
	2233	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2234	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2235	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2236	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2237	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2238	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2239	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2240	i = surf%i(m)
	2241	j = surf%j(m)
	2242	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2243
[2232]	2244	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2245
[2232]	2246	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2247	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2248	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2249
	2250	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2251	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2252	ENDDO
	2253	ENDIF
[1691]	2254	!
[2232]	2255	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2256	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2257	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2258	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2259	i = surf%i(m)
	2260	j = surf%j(m)
	2261	k = surf%k(m)
	2262
	2263	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2264
	2265	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2266
	2267	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2268	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2269	ENDDO
[2232]	2270	ENDIF
	2271	!
	2272	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2273	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2274	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2275	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2276	!--
	2277	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2278	!
	2279	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2280	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2281	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2282	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2283
[2232]	2284	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2285	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2286	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2287	i = surf%i(m)
	2288	j = surf%j(m)
	2289	k = surf%k(m)
	2290
	2291	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2292	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2293	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2294	ENDDO
	2295	ELSE
	2296	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2297	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2298	i = surf%i(m)
	2299	j = surf%j(m)
	2300	k = surf%k(m)
	2301
	2302	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2303	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2304	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2305	ENDDO
	2306	ENDIF
	2307
[2281]	2308	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2309	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2310	i = surf%i(m)
	2311	j = surf%j(m)
	2312
	2313	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2314
	2315	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2316	!
[2232]	2317	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2318	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2319	!
[2232]	2320	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2321	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2322
	2323	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2324	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2325	ENDDO
[2232]	2326	!
	2327	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2328	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2329	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2330	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2331	ENDIF
[1691]	2332	ENDIF
	2333
	2334	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2335
[3597]	2336
	2337	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2338	! Description:
	2339	! ------------
	2340	!> Calculates temperature near surface (10 cm) for indoor model or 2 m
	2341	!> temperature for output
	2342	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2343	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_near_surface ( z_char )
[1691]	2344
[3597]	2345	IMPLICIT NONE
	2346
	2347	CHARACTER (LEN = *), INTENT(IN) :: z_char !< string identifier to identify z level
	2348	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k, l, m !< running indices
	2349
	2350
	2351	SELECT CASE ( z_char)
	2352
	2353
	2354	CASE ( '10cm' )
	2355
	2356	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2357
	2358	i = surf%i(m)
	2359	j = surf%j(m)
	2360	k = surf%k(m)
	2361
	2362	surf%pt_10cm(m) = surf%pt_surface(m) + surf%ts(m) / kappa &
	2363	* ( log( 0.1_wp / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	2364	- psi_h( 0.1_wp / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2365	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2366
	2367	ENDDO
	2368
	2369
	2370	CASE ( '2m' )
	2371
	2372	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2373
	2374	i = surf%i(m)
	2375	j = surf%j(m)
	2376	k = surf%k(m)
	2377
	2378	surf%pt_2m(m) = surf%pt_surface(m) + surf%ts(m) / kappa &
	2379	* ( log( 2.0_wp / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	2380	- psi_h( 2.0_wp / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2381	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2382
	2383	ENDDO
	2384
	2385
	2386	END SELECT
	2387
	2388	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_near_surface
	2389
	2390
[1691]	2391	!
	2392	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2393	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2394
	2395	USE kinds
	2396
	2397	IMPLICIT NONE
	2398
	2399	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2400	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2401	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2402
	2403	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2404	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2405	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2406	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2407	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2408	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2409
	2410
	2411	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2412	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2413	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2414	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2415	ELSE
	2416
	2417	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2418	- bc_d_d
	2419	!
	2420	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2421	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2422
	2423	ENDIF
	2424
	2425	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2426
	2427
	2428	!
	2429	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2430	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2431
	2432	USE kinds
	2433
	2434	IMPLICIT NONE
	2435
	2436	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2437	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2438	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2439
	2440	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2441	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2442	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2443	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2444	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2445	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2446
	2447
	2448	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2449	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2450	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2451	ELSE
	2452	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2453	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2454	+ 1.0_wp
	2455	!
	2456	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2457	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2458	ENDIF
	2459
	2460	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2461
[3130]	2462
	2463	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2464	! Description:
	2465	! ------------
	2466	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2467	!>
	2468	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2469	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2470	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
	2471
	2472	IMPLICIT NONE
	2473
	2474	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2475	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2476
	2477	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2478	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2479
	2480	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2481	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2482	ELSE
	2483	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2484	ENDIF
	2485
	2486	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2487
[1697]	2488	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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