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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3550

Last change on this file since 3550 was 3547, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
variable description added some routines
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 87.1 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3147]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3547 2018-11-21 13:21:24Z gronemeier $
[3547]	28	! variables documented
	29	!
	30	! 3361 2018-10-16 20:39:37Z knoop
[3274]	31	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	32	!
	33	! 3271 2018-09-24 08:20:34Z suehring
[3271]	34	! Comment revised
	35	!
	36	! 3157 2018-07-19 21:08:49Z maronga
[3157]	37	! Added local free convection velocity scale w_lfc in calculation of uvw_abs.
	38	! This can be switche on/off by the user via the flag namelist parameter
	39	! use_free_convection_scaling
	40	!
	41	! 3152 2018-07-19 13:26:52Z suehring
[3152]	42	! q_surface is now part of surface structure
	43	!
	44	! 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga
[3149]	45	! Correct accidental last commit
	46	!
	47	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	48	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	49	!
	50	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	51	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	52	!
	53	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	54	! Error message revised
	55	!
	56	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	57	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	58	!
	59	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	60	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	61	!
	62	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	63	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	64	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	65	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	66	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	67	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	68	!
	69	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	70	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	71	!
	72	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	73	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	74	!
	75	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	76	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	77	!
	78	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	79	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	80	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	81	! and cloud water content (qc).
	82	!
	83	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	84	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	85	!
	86	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	87	!
[2233]	88	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	89	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	90	! OpenMP bugfix
	91	!
[2119]	92	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	93	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	94	!
[2092]	95	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	96	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	97	!
[2077]	98	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	99	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	100	!
[2074]	101	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	102	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	103	!
[2038]	104	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	105	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	106	!
[2012]	107	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	108	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	109	!
[2008]	110	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	111	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	112	!
[2001]	113	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	114	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	115	!
[1993]	116	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	117	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	118	!
[1961]	119	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	120	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	121	!
[1930]	122	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	123	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	124	! completely surrounded by topography
	125	!
[1921]	126	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	127	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	128	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	129	!
[1916]	130	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	131	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	132	! timestep
	133	!
[1851]	134	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	135	! Module renamed
	136	!
	137	!
[1823]	138	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	139	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	140	!
[1789]	141	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	142	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	143	! humidity.
	144	! Syntax layout improved.
	145	!
[1758]	146	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	147	! Minor fixes.
	148	!
[1750]	149	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	150	! further OpenACC adjustments
	151	!
[1748]	152	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	153	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	154	!
[1710]	155	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	156	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	157	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	158	! neutral = .T.
	159	!
[1706]	160	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	161	! Typo removed
	162	!
[1698]	163	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	164	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	165	!
[1697]	166	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	167	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	168	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	169	! updated description.
	170	!
	171	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	172	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	173	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	174	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	175	! directly prescribed by the user.
	176	!
	177	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	178	! Adapted for land surface model
	179	!
	180	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	181	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	182	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	183	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	184	!
	185	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	186	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	187	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	188	!
	189	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	190	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	191	!
	192	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	193	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	194	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	195	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	196	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	197	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	198	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	199	! all variable declaration statements
	200	!
	201	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	202	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	203	!
	204	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	205	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	206	!
	207	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	208	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	209	!
	210	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	211	! OpenACC statements added
	212	!
	213	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	214	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	215	!
	216	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	217	! Initial revision
	218	!
	219	!
	220	! Description:
	221	! ------------
	222	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	223	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	224	!> available:
	225	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	226	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	227	!> slower
	228	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	229	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	230	!>
	231	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	232	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	233	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	234	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	235	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	236
	237	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	238	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
[3274]	239	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw, d_exner
[1691]	240
[3274]	241	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3361]	242	ONLY: g, kappa, lv_d_cp, pi, rd_d_rv
[3274]	243
[2696]	244	USE chem_modules, &
	245	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	246
[1691]	247	USE cpulog
	248
	249	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	250	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, &
	251	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	252	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	253	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, &
[2232]	254	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[3274]	255	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, message_string, &
[2292]	256	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	257	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[3157]	258	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, &
	259	use_free_convection_scaling, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	260
[2232]	261	USE grid_variables, &
	262	ONLY: dx, dy
	263
[1691]	264	USE indices, &
[2232]	265	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	266
	267	USE kinds
	268
[3274]	269	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	270	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert
	271
[1691]	272	USE pegrid
	273
	274	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	275	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	276
[2232]	277	USE surface_mod, &
	278	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	279	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	280
[1691]	281
	282	IMPLICIT NONE
	283
[1992]	284	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	285	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	286	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	287	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	288	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	289
[2232]	290	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	291
[2232]	292	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	293	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	294	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	295	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	296	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	297	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	298
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	300	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	301
	302	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	303	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	304	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	305	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	306	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	307
[2232]	308	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	309
[2232]	310
[1691]	311	SAVE
	312
	313	PRIVATE
	314
[3130]	315	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	316
	317	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	318	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	319	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	320
[3130]	321	INTERFACE phi_m
	322	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	323	END INTERFACE phi_m
	324
[1691]	325	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	326	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	327	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	328
	329
	330	CONTAINS
	331
	332
	333	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	334	! Description:
	335	! ------------
	336	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	337	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	338	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	339
	340	IMPLICIT NONE
	341
[3547]	342	surf_vertical = .FALSE. !< flag indicating vertically orientated surface elements
	343	downward = .FALSE. !< flag indicating downward-facing surface elements
[1691]	344	!
[2696]	345	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	346	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	347	!
[2696]	348	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	349	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	350	DO l = 0, 1
	351	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	352	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	353	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	354	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	355	CALL calc_pt_surface
	356	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3152]	357	CALL calc_q_surface
[3146]	358	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	359	ENDIF
	360	ENDIF
[2696]	361	ENDIF
	362	ENDDO
[2232]	363	!
[2696]	364	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	365	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	366	surf => surf_lsm_h
	367	CALL calc_pt_q
	368	ENDIF
	369
	370	!
	371	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	372	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	373	surf => surf_usm_h
	374	CALL calc_pt_q
	375	ENDIF
	376
	377	!
	378	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	379	DO l = 0, 3
	380	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	381	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	382	CALL calc_pt_q
	383	ENDIF
[2696]	384
[3146]	385	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	386	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	387	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	388	CALL calc_pt_q
	389	ENDIF
[2696]	390	ENDDO
[1691]	391
	392	!
	393	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	394	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	395	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	396	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	397	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	398
	399	!
	400	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	401	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	402	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	403	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	404	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	405	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	406	!
	407	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	408	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	409	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	410	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	411	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	412	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	413	CALL calc_us
	414	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	415	ENDIF
	416	!
[2232]	417	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	418	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	419	surf => surf_lsm_h
	420	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	421	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	422	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	423	CALL calc_us
	424	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	425	ENDIF
	426	!
	427	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	428	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	429	surf => surf_usm_h
	430	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	431	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	432	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	433	CALL calc_us
	434	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	435	ENDIF
	436	!
[1691]	437	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	438	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	439	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	440	!
	441	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	442	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	443	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	444	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	445	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	446	CALL calc_us
	447	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	448	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	449	ENDIF
[2232]	450	!
	451	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	452	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	453	surf => surf_lsm_h
	454	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	455	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	456	CALL calc_us
	457	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	458	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	459	ENDIF
	460	!
	461	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	462	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	463	surf => surf_usm_h
	464	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	465	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	466	CALL calc_us
	467	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	468	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	469	ENDIF
[1691]	470
[2232]	471	ENDIF
	472	!
	473	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	474	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	475	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	476	!-- most_method is required.
	477	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	478	downward = .TRUE.
	479	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	480	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	481	CALL calc_us
	482	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	483	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	484	ENDIF
[2232]	485	!
	486	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	487	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	488	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	489	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	490	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	491	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	492	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	493	!
	494	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	495	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	496	!-- For default-type surfaces
	497	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	498	DO l = 0, 1
	499	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	500	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	501	!
	502	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	503	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	504	!
	505	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	506	CALL calc_us
	507	!
	508	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	509	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	510	ENDIF
	511	ENDDO
	512	!
	513	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	514	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	515	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	516	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	517	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	518	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	519	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	520	DO l = 0, 1
	521	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	522	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	523	!
	524	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	525	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	526	!
	527	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	528	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	529	!
	530	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	531	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	532	!
	533	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	534	CALL calc_us
	535	!
	536	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	537	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	538	ENDIF
	539	ENDDO
	540	ELSE
	541	DO l = 0, 1
	542	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	543	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	544	!
	545	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	546	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	547	!
	548	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	549	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	550	!
	551	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	552	CALL calc_us
	553	!
	554	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	555	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	556	!
	557	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	558	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	559	ENDIF
	560	ENDDO
	561	ENDIF
	562	!
	563	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	564	!-- to be computed.
	565	ELSE
	566	DO l = 0, 1
	567	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	568	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	569	!
	570	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	571	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	572	!
	573	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	574	CALL calc_us
	575	!
	576	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	577	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	578	ENDIF
	579	ENDDO
	580	ENDIF
	581	!
	582	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	583	DO l = 0, 1
	584	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	585	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	586	!
	587	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	588	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	589	!
	590	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	591	CALL calc_us
	592	!
	593	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	594	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	595	ENDIF
	596	ENDDO
	597	!
	598	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	599	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	600	!-- For default-type surfaces
	601	DO l = 2, 3
	602	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	603	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	604	!
	605	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	606	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	607	!
	608	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	609	CALL calc_us
	610	!
	611	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	612	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	613	ENDIF
	614	ENDDO
	615	!
	616	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	617	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	618	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	619	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	620	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	621	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	622	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	623	DO l = 2, 3
	624	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	625	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	626	!
	627	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	628	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	629	!
	630	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	631	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	632	!
	633	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	634	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	635	!
	636	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	637	CALL calc_us
	638	!
	639	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	640	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	641	ENDIF
	642	ENDDO
	643	ELSE
	644	DO l = 2, 3
	645	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	646	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	647	!
	648	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	649	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	650	!
	651	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	652	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	653	!
	654	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	655	CALL calc_us
	656	!
	657	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	658	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	659	!
	660	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	661	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	662	ENDIF
	663	ENDDO
	664	ENDIF
	665	ELSE
	666	DO l = 2, 3
	667	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	668	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	669	!
	670	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	671	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	672	!
	673	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	674	CALL calc_us
	675	!
	676	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	677	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	678	ENDIF
	679	ENDDO
	680	ENDIF
	681	!
	682	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	683	DO l = 2, 3
	684	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	685	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	686	!
	687	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	688	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	689	!
	690	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	691	CALL calc_us
	692	!
	693	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	694	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	695	ENDIF
	696	ENDDO
	697	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	698	!
	699	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	700	!-- surfaces.
	701	mom_w = .TRUE.
	702	!
	703	!-- Default-type surfaces
	704	DO l = 0, 3
	705	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	706	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	707	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	708	CALL calc_us
	709	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	710	ENDIF
	711	ENDDO
	712	!
	713	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	714	DO l = 0, 3
	715	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	716	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	717	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	718	CALL calc_us
	719	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	720	ENDIF
	721	ENDDO
	722	!
	723	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	724	DO l = 0, 3
	725	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	726	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	727	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	728	CALL calc_us
	729	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	730	ENDIF
	731	ENDDO
	732	mom_w = .FALSE.
	733	!
	734	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	735	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	736	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	737	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	738	!
	739	!-- Default-type surfaces
	740	DO l = 0, 3
	741	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	742	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	743	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	744	CALL calc_us
	745	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	746	ENDIF
	747	ENDDO
	748	!
	749	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	750	DO l = 0, 3
	751	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	752	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	753	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	754	CALL calc_us
	755	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	756	ENDIF
	757	ENDDO
	758	!
	759	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	760	DO l = 0, 3
	761	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	762	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	763	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	764	CALL calc_us
	765	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	766	ENDIF
	767	ENDDO
	768	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	769
[1691]	770
	771	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	772
	773
	774	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	775	! Description:
	776	! ------------
	777	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	778	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	779	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	780	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	781	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	782
	783	IMPLICIT NONE
	784
[2232]	785	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	786	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	787
	788	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	789
	790	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	791
	792	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	793
	794
	795	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	796	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	797	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	798	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	799	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	800
	801
[1709]	802
[2232]	803
[1709]	804	!
	805	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	806	!-- large value
[2232]	807	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	808	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	809	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	810	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	811	ENDIF
[1709]	812
[1691]	813	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	814
	815	!
	816	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	817	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	818	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	819	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	820	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	821	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	822	ENDIF
[1691]	823	ENDIF
[2232]	824	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	825	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	826	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	827	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	828	ENDIF
	829	ENDIF
	830	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	831	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	832	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	833	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	834	ENDIF
	835	ENDIF
	836	!
	837	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	838	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	839	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	840	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	841	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	842	ENDIF
	843	ENDIF
	844	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	845	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	846	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	847	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	848	ENDIF
	849	ENDIF
	850	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	851	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	852	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	853	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	854	ENDIF
	855	ENDIF
[1691]	856
[2232]	857
[1691]	858	#if defined( __parallel )
	859	!
	860	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	861	!-- is TRUE
	862	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	863	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	864	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	865	#else
	866	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	867	#endif
	868
	869	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	870	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	871	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	872	'heterogeneity'
[3045]	873	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0116', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1691]	874	ENDIF
	875
	876	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	877
	878	!
	879	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	880	k = nzb
[1691]	881	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	882
	883	!
	884	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	885	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	886	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	887	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	888	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	889	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	890	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	891
[2232]	892	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	893	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	894	ENDDO
	895
	896	!
	897	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	898	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	899	regr_old = regr
	900	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	901	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	902	ENDDO
	903
	904	!
	905	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	906	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	907	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	908	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	909	ENDDO
	910
	911	!
[1757]	912	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	913	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	914	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	915	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	916	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	917	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	918	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	919	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	920	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	921	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	922	ENDIF
[1691]	923	!
	924	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	925	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	926	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	927	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	928	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	929	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	930	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	931	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	932	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	933	)**3
	934	ENDDO
	935	ELSE
[2232]	936	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	937	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	938	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	939	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	940	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	941	) &
	942	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	943	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	944	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	945	)**2
	946	ENDDO
	947	ENDIF
	948
	949	!
	950	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	951	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	952	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	953	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	954
	955	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	956	ENDIF
	957
	958	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	959
	960
	961	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	962	! Description:
	963	! ------------
[1709]	964	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	965	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	966	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	967	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[3157]	968
[1691]	969	IMPLICIT NONE
	970
[2232]	971	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	972	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	973	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	974	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	975	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	976
[3157]	977	REAL(wp) :: w_lfc !< local free convection velocity scale
[2232]	978	!
	979	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	980	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	981
[2232]	982	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	983
[2232]	984	i = surf%i(m)
	985	j = surf%j(m)
	986	k = surf%k(m)
[3157]	987
[1691]	988	!
[3157]	989	!-- Calculate free convection velocity scale w_lfc is
	990	!-- use_free_convection_scaling = .T.. This will maintain a horizontal
	991	!-- velocity even for very weak wind convective conditions. SIGN is used
	992	!-- to set w_lfc to zero under stable conditions.
	993	IF ( use_free_convection_scaling ) THEN
	994	w_lfc = ABS(g / surf%pt1(m) * surf%z_mo(m) * surf%shf(m))
	995	w_lfc = ( 0.5_wp * ( w_lfc + SIGN(w_lfc,surf%shf(m)) ) )**(0.33333_wp)
	996	ELSE
	997	w_lfc = 0.0_wp
	998	ENDIF
	999
	1000	!
[2232]	1001	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	1002	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	1003	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	1004	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	1005	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	1006	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	1007	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	1008	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	1009	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	1010	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	1011	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	1012	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	1013	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	1014	) * ibit &
	1015	) &
	1016	)**2 + &
	1017	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	1018	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	1019	) * ibit &
	1020	) &
[3157]	1021	)2 + w_lfc2 &
[2232]	1022	)
	1023
[3148]	1024
	1025
[1691]	1026	ENDDO
	1027
[2232]	1028	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	1029
	1030
	1031	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1032	! Description:
	1033	! ------------
	1034	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1035	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1036	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1037	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1038
	1039	IMPLICIT NONE
	1040
[3547]	1041	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1042	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1043	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1044	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	1045
[3547]	1046	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on xu-grid
	1047	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on xu-grid
[2232]	1048
	1049
	1050	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1051	i = surf%i(m)
	1052	j = surf%j(m)
	1053	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1054	!
[2232]	1055	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1056	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1057	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1058	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1059
[2232]	1060	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1061
[2232]	1062	ENDDO
[1709]	1063
[2232]	1064	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1065
[1709]	1066	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1067	! Description:
	1068	! ------------
[2232]	1069	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1070	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1071	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1072	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1073
	1074	IMPLICIT NONE
	1075
[3547]	1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1077	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1078	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1079	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	1080
[3547]	1081	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on yv-grid
	1082	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on yv-grid
[2232]	1083
	1084
	1085	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1086	i = surf%i(m)
	1087	j = surf%j(m)
	1088	k = surf%k(m)
	1089
	1090	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1091	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1092	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1093
	1094	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1095
	1096	ENDDO
	1097
	1098	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1099
	1100	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1101	! Description:
	1102	! ------------
	1103	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1104	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1105	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1106	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1107
	1108	IMPLICIT NONE
	1109
[3547]	1110	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1111	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1112	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1113	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	1114
[3547]	1115	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on x-zw-grid
	1116	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on y-zw-grid
	1117	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on zw-grid
[2232]	1118	!
	1119	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1120	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1121	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1122	i = surf%i(m)
	1123	j = surf%j(m)
	1124	k = surf%k(m)
	1125
	1126	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1127	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1128	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1129	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1130
	1131	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1132	ENDDO
	1133	!
	1134	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1135	ELSE
	1136	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1137	i = surf%i(m)
	1138	j = surf%j(m)
	1139	k = surf%k(m)
	1140
	1141	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1142	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1143	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1144	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1145
	1146	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1147	ENDDO
	1148	ENDIF
	1149
	1150	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1151
	1152	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1153	! Description:
	1154	! ------------
	1155	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1156	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1157	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1158	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1159
	1160	IMPLICIT NONE
	1161
[3547]	1162	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1163	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1164	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1165	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[2232]	1166
[3547]	1167	REAL(wp) :: u_i !< u-component on scalar grid
	1168	REAL(wp) :: v_i !< v-component on scalar grid
	1169	REAL(wp) :: w_i !< w-component on scalar grid
[2232]	1170
	1171	!
	1172	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1173	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1174	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1175	i = surf%i(m)
	1176	j = surf%j(m)
	1177	k = surf%k(m)
	1178
	1179	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1180	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1181	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1182
	1183	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1184	ENDDO
	1185	!
	1186	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1187	ELSE
	1188	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1189	i = surf%i(m)
	1190	j = surf%j(m)
	1191	k = surf%k(m)
	1192
	1193	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1194	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1195	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1196
	1197	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1198	ENDDO
	1199	ENDIF
	1200
	1201	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1202
	1203
	1204	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1205	! Description:
	1206	! ------------
[1709]	1207	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1208	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1209	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1210
	1211	IMPLICIT NONE
	1212
[2232]	1213	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1214	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1215	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1216
	1217	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1218	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1219	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1220	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1221	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1222	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1223
[1691]	1224	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1225	!
	1226	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1227	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1228	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1229	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1230	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1231	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1232
[2232]	1233	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1234
[3146]	1235	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1236	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1237	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1238	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1239	ENDDO
	1240	ELSE
[3146]	1241	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1242	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1243
	1244	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1245
[3146]	1246	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1247	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1248	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) &
	1249	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1250	ENDDO
	1251	ENDIF
	1252	ELSE
	1253	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1254	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1255	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1256
	1257	k = surf%k(m)
	1258
	1259	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1260
	1261	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1262	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1263	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1264	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1265	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1266	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1267	ENDDO
	1268	ELSE
[3146]	1269	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1270	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1271
[2232]	1272	k = surf%k(m)
	1273
	1274	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1275
	1276	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1277	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1278	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[2232]	1279	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1280	ENDDO
	1281	ENDIF
	1282	ENDIF
	1283
[1691]	1284	ENDIF
	1285
[2232]	1286
[1691]	1287	!
	1288	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1289	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1290	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1291
[2232]	1292	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1293
[2232]	1294	i = surf%i(m)
	1295	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1296
[2232]	1297	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1298
[1691]	1299	!
[2232]	1300	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1301	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1302
	1303	!
[2232]	1304	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1305	!-- length have the same sign
	1306	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1307	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1308	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1309	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1310	ENDIF
[1691]	1311	!
[2232]	1312	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1313	iter = 0
	1314	DO
	1315	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1316	!
[2232]	1317	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1318	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1319	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1320	EXIT
	1321	ENDIF
[1691]	1322
[2232]	1323	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1324	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1325	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1326
	1327
[2232]	1328	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1329	!
[2232]	1330	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1331	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1332	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1333	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1334	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1335	ol_m ) &
	1336	) &
	1337	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1338	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1339	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1340	ol_m ) &
	1341	)**2
[1691]	1342
	1343	!
[2232]	1344	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1345	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1346	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1347	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1348	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1349	) &
	1350	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1351	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1352	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1353	)**2 &
	1354	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1355	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1356	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1357	) &
	1358	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1359	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1360	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1361	)**2 &
	1362	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1363	ELSE
[1691]	1364	!
[2232]	1365	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1366	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1367	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1368	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1369	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1370	)**3
[1691]	1371
	1372	!
[2232]	1373	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1374	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1375	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1376	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1377	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1378	)**3 &
	1379	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1380	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1381	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1382	)**3 &
	1383	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1384	ENDIF
[1691]	1385	!
[2232]	1386	!-- Calculate new L
	1387	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1388
	1389	!
[2232]	1390	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1391	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1392	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1393	!
[2232]	1394	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1395	!-- value that is allowed
	1396	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1397	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1398	EXIT
	1399	ENDIF
[1691]	1400	!
[2232]	1401	!-- Check for convergence
	1402	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1403	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1404	EXIT
	1405	ELSE
	1406	CYCLE
	1407	ENDIF
[1691]	1408
	1409	ENDDO
	1410	ENDDO
	1411
	1412	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1413
[2281]	1414	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1415	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1416
[2232]	1417	i = surf%i(m)
	1418	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1419	!
[2232]	1420	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1421	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1422	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1423	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1424
	1425	!
[2232]	1426	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1427	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1428	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1429	!-- correct direction
	1430	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1431	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1432	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1433	li = li-1
	1434	ENDDO
	1435	ELSE
	1436	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1437	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1438	li = li+1
	1439	ENDDO
	1440	ENDIF
	1441	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1442
	1443	!
[2232]	1444	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1445	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1446	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1447	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1448
	1449	ENDDO
	1450
	1451	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1452
[2232]	1453	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1454	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1455	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1456
[2232]	1457	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1458
[3146]	1459	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1460	( kappa * g * &
	1461	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1462	!
	1463	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1464	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1465	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1466	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1467	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1468	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1469	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1470	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1471	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1472
[1691]	1473	ENDDO
[3274]	1474	ELSEIF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1475	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1476	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1477
[2232]	1478	i = surf%i(m)
	1479	j = surf%j(m)
	1480	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1481
[2232]	1482	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1483
	1484
[3146]	1485	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1486	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1487	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1488	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1489	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1490	!
[2232]	1491	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1492	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1493	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1494	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1495	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1496	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1497	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1498	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1499	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1500
[2232]	1501	ENDDO
	1502	ELSE
	1503
[3146]	1504	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1505	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1506
	1507	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1508
[3146]	1509	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1510	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * &
	1511	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * &
[2232]	1512	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1513
	1514	!
	1515	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1516	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1517	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1518	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1519	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1520	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1521	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1522	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1523	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1524
	1525	ENDDO
	1526
	1527	ENDIF
	1528
	1529	ENDIF
	1530
[1691]	1531	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1532
	1533	!
	1534	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1535	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1536
	1537	IMPLICIT NONE
	1538
[2232]	1539	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1540
[2232]	1541	!
	1542	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1543	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1544	!
	1545	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1546	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1547	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1548	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1549
[2232]	1550	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1551	!
[2232]	1552	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1553	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1554	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1555	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1556	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1557
	1558	ENDDO
	1559	!
	1560	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1561	!-- any stability.
	1562	ELSE
[2281]	1563	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1564	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1565
	1566	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1567	!
	1568	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1569	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1570
	1571	ENDDO
	1572	ENDIF
	1573	!
	1574	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1575	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1576	ELSE
	1577	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1578	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1579	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1580
	1581	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1582	ENDDO
[2232]	1583	ENDIF
[1691]	1584
	1585	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1586
	1587	!
[3146]	1588	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1589	!-- temperature at first grid level
[1691]	1590	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1591
	1592	IMPLICIT NONE
	1593
[2232]	1594	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1595
	1596	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1597	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1598
	1599	i = surf%i(m)
	1600	j = surf%j(m)
	1601	k = surf%k(m)
	1602
[3274]	1603	IF ( bulk_cloud_model ) THEN
	1604	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1605	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1606	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
[3274]	1607	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1608	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1609	ELSE
	1610	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1611	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1612	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1613	ELSE
	1614	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1615	ENDIF
[2547]	1616	ENDIF
[2232]	1617
[3146]	1618	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1619	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1620	ENDIF
	1621
[1691]	1622	ENDDO
	1623
	1624	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1625
[2696]	1626
[1691]	1627	!
[3152]	1628	!-- Set potential temperature at surface grid level.
[2696]	1629	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1630	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1631
	1632	IMPLICIT NONE
	1633
[3146]	1634	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1635	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1636
[3146]	1637	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1638	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1639	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1640
	1641	i = surf%i(m)
	1642	j = surf%j(m)
	1643	k = surf%k(m)
	1644
[3146]	1645	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1646
	1647	ENDDO
	1648
	1649	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1650
	1651	!
[3152]	1652	!-- Set mixing ratio at surface grid level. ( Only for upward-facing surfs. )
	1653	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1654
	1655	IMPLICIT NONE
	1656
	1657	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1658	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1659
	1660	k_off = surf%koff
	1661	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1662	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1663
	1664	i = surf%i(m)
	1665	j = surf%j(m)
	1666	k = surf%k(m)
	1667
	1668	surf%q_surface(m) = q(k+k_off,j,i)
	1669
	1670	ENDDO
	1671
	1672	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1673
	1674	!
	1675	!-- Set virtual potential temperature at surface grid level.
[3146]	1676	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1677	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1678
	1679	IMPLICIT NONE
	1680
	1681	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1682	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1683
	1684	k_off = surf%koff
	1685	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1686	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1687
	1688	i = surf%i(m)
	1689	j = surf%j(m)
	1690	k = surf%k(m)
	1691
	1692	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1693
	1694	ENDDO
	1695
	1696	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1697
	1698	!
[2292]	1699	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1700	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1701
	1702	IMPLICIT NONE
	1703
[2232]	1704
	1705	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1706	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1707	!
[2232]	1708	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1709	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1710	!
	1711	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1712
	1713	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1714	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1715
	1716	i = surf%i(m)
	1717	j = surf%j(m)
	1718	k = surf%k(m)
	1719
	1720	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1721	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1722
[1691]	1723	!
[2232]	1724	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1725	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1726	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1727	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1728
[1691]	1729	ENDDO
	1730
[2232]	1731	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1732	!
	1733	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1734	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1735
	1736	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1737	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1738	i = surf%i(m)
	1739	j = surf%j(m)
	1740	k = surf%k(m)
	1741
	1742	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1743	ENDDO
	1744	ENDIF
	1745
[2696]	1746	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1747	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1748
[2696]	1749	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1750
[2696]	1751	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1752	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1753	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1754	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1755
[2696]	1756	ENDDO
[2232]	1757
	1758	ENDIF
	1759	!
	1760	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1761	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1762	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1763	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1764	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1765
	1766	i = surf%i(m)
	1767	j = surf%j(m)
	1768	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1769	!
	1770	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1771	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1772	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1773	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1774
[1691]	1775	ENDDO
	1776	ENDIF
	1777
	1778	!
[2232]	1779	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1780	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1781	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1782	!
[1788]	1783	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1784	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1785	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1786
	1787	i = surf%i(m)
	1788	j = surf%j(m)
	1789	k = surf%k(m)
	1790	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1791	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1792
[1691]	1793	ENDDO
	1794
[2232]	1795	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1796	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1797	run_coupled )
	1798
[1788]	1799	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1800	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1801	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1802
	1803	i = surf%i(m)
	1804	j = surf%j(m)
	1805	k = surf%k(m)
	1806	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1807
[1691]	1808	ENDDO
	1809	ENDIF
	1810
	1811	!
[2232]	1812	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1813	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1814	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1815	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1816	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1817	i = surf%i(m)
	1818	j = surf%j(m)
	1819	k = surf%k(m)
	1820	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1821	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1822	- 273.15_wp ) )
[3361]	1823	q(k-1,j,i) = rd_d_rv * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
[2232]	1824	ENDDO
	1825	ENDIF
[1691]	1826
[3274]	1827	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1828	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1829	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1830
[2232]	1831	i = surf%i(m)
	1832	j = surf%j(m)
	1833	k = surf%k(m)
	1834
	1835	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1836
[3152]	1837	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - surf%q_surface(m) ) &
[2232]	1838	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1839	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1840	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1841	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1842	ENDDO
[2232]	1843	ELSE
	1844	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1845	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1846
	1847	i = surf%i(m)
	1848	j = surf%j(m)
	1849	k = surf%k(m)
	1850
	1851	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1852
	1853	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1854	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1855	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1856	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1857	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1858	ENDDO
	1859	ENDIF
	1860	ENDIF
	1861	!
	1862	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1863	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1864	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1865	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1866
	1867	i = surf%i(m)
	1868	j = surf%j(m)
	1869	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1870
[1691]	1871	ENDDO
	1872	ENDIF
	1873	ENDIF
[1960]	1874
	1875	!
	1876	!-- If required compute s*
	1877	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1878	!
[2232]	1879	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1880	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1881	!
	1882	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1883	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1884	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1885	i = surf%i(m)
	1886	j = surf%j(m)
	1887	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1888	ENDDO
	1889	ENDIF
[2232]	1890	!
	1891	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1892	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1893	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1894	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1895	i = surf%i(m)
	1896	j = surf%j(m)
	1897	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1898	ENDDO
	1899	ENDIF
[1960]	1900	ENDIF
[1691]	1901
[2292]	1902	!
[2696]	1903	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1904	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1905	!
	1906	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1907	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1908	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1909	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1910	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1911	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1912	i = surf%i(m)
	1913	j = surf%j(m)
	1914	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1915	ENDDO
	1916	ENDIF
	1917	ENDDO
	1918	!
	1919	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1920	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1921	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1922	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1923	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1924	i = surf%i(m)
	1925	j = surf%j(m)
	1926	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1927	ENDDO
	1928	ENDDO
	1929	ENDIF
	1930	ENDIF
	1931
	1932	!
[2292]	1933	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
[3274]	1934	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1935	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1936	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1937	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1938
[2292]	1939	i = surf%i(m)
	1940	j = surf%j(m)
	1941	k = surf%k(m)
	1942
	1943	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1944
	1945	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1946	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1947	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1948	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1949
	1950	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1951	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1952	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1953	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1954	ENDDO
	1955
	1956	ENDIF
	1957
[1691]	1958	!
	1959	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[3274]	1960	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1961	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1962	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1963	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1964
[2232]	1965	i = surf%i(m)
	1966	j = surf%j(m)
	1967	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1968
[2232]	1969	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1970
[2232]	1971	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1972	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1973	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1974	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1975
[2232]	1976	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1977	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1978	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1979	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1980	ENDDO
	1981
	1982	ENDIF
	1983
	1984	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1985
	1986
	1987
	1988	!
[2292]	1989	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1990	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1991
	1992	IMPLICIT NONE
	1993
[2696]	1994	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1995	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1996
[2232]	1997	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1998	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1999	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	2000	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	2001	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	2002	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	2003
	2004	!
[2232]	2005	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	2006	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	2007	!
	2008	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	2009	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2010	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2011	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2012	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2013
	2014	i = surf%i(m)
	2015	j = surf%j(m)
	2016	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2017
[2232]	2018	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2019
[2232]	2020	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2021	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2022	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2023	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2024	!
	2025	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2026	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	2027	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2028	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2029	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2030	!-- tests had shown.
	2031	!-- Same also for ol.
	2032	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2033
[2232]	2034	ENDDO
[1691]	2035	!
[2232]	2036	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	2037	ELSE
	2038	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2039	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2040
	2041	i = surf%i(m)
	2042	j = surf%j(m)
	2043	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2044
[2232]	2045	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2046
	2047	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2048	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	2049
[2232]	2050	ENDDO
	2051	ENDIF
[1691]	2052
[2232]	2053	!
	2054	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	2055	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2056	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	2057	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2058	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2059	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2060	i = surf%i(m)
	2061	j = surf%j(m)
	2062	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2063
[2232]	2064	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2065
[2232]	2066	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2067	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2068	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2069	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	2070	!
[2232]	2071	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2072	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	2073	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2074	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2075	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2076	!-- tests had shown.
	2077	!-- Same also for ol.
	2078	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2079	ENDDO
	2080	!
	2081	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	2082	ELSE
	2083	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2084	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2085	i = surf%i(m)
	2086	j = surf%j(m)
	2087	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2088
[2232]	2089	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2090
	2091	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2092	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2093	ENDDO
	2094	ENDIF
[1691]	2095	!
[2232]	2096	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2097	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2098	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2099	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2100	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2101	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2102	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2103	i = surf%i(m)
	2104	j = surf%j(m)
	2105	k = surf%k(m)
	2106	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2107	ENDDO
[2232]	2108	ENDIF
	2109	!
	2110	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2111	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2112	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2113	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2114	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2115	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2116	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2117	i = surf%i(m)
	2118	j = surf%j(m)
	2119	k = surf%k(m)
	2120	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2121	ENDDO
	2122	ENDIF
	2123	!
	2124	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2125	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2126	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2127	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2128	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2129
[2232]	2130	i = surf%i(m)
	2131	j = surf%j(m)
	2132	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2133
[2232]	2134	ENDDO
[2292]	2135	ENDIF
[1691]	2136	!
[2696]	2137	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2138	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2139	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2140	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2141	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2142	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2143	i = surf%i(m)
	2144	j = surf%j(m)
	2145	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2146	ENDDO
	2147	ENDIF
	2148	ENDDO
	2149
	2150	!
[2292]	2151	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
[3274]	2152	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	2153	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2154	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2155	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2156
	2157	i = surf%i(m)
	2158	j = surf%j(m)
	2159
	2160	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2161	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2162	ENDDO
	2163	ENDIF
	2164	!
[2232]	2165	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[3274]	2166	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2167	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2168	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2169	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2170
	2171	i = surf%i(m)
	2172	j = surf%j(m)
	2173
	2174	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2175	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2176	ENDDO
[2232]	2177	ENDIF
[1691]	2178
[1960]	2179	!
[2232]	2180	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2181	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2182	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2183	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2184
	2185	i = surf%i(m)
	2186	j = surf%j(m)
	2187	k = surf%k(m)
	2188
	2189	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2190	!
	2191	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2192	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2193	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2194
[1960]	2195	ENDDO
[2232]	2196	ENDIF
	2197	!
	2198	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2199	ELSE
	2200	!
	2201	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2202	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2203	!
	2204	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2205	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2206	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2207	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2208	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2209	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2210	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2211	i = surf%i(m)
	2212	j = surf%j(m)
	2213	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2214
[2232]	2215	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2216
[2232]	2217	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2218	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2219	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2220
	2221	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2222	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2223	ENDDO
	2224	ENDIF
[1691]	2225	!
[2232]	2226	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2227	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2228	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2229	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2230	i = surf%i(m)
	2231	j = surf%j(m)
	2232	k = surf%k(m)
	2233
	2234	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2235
	2236	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2237
	2238	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2239	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2240	ENDDO
[2232]	2241	ENDIF
	2242	!
	2243	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2244	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2245	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2246	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2247	!--
	2248	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2249	!
	2250	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2251	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2252	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2253	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2254
[2232]	2255	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2256	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2257	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2258	i = surf%i(m)
	2259	j = surf%j(m)
	2260	k = surf%k(m)
	2261
	2262	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2263	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2264	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2265	ENDDO
	2266	ELSE
	2267	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2268	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2269	i = surf%i(m)
	2270	j = surf%j(m)
	2271	k = surf%k(m)
	2272
	2273	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2274	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2275	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2276	ENDDO
	2277	ENDIF
	2278
[2281]	2279	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2280	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2281	i = surf%i(m)
	2282	j = surf%j(m)
	2283
	2284	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2285
	2286	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2287	!
[2232]	2288	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2289	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2290	!
[2232]	2291	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2292	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2293
	2294	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2295	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2296	ENDDO
[2232]	2297	!
	2298	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2299	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2300	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2301	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2302	ENDIF
[1691]	2303	ENDIF
	2304
	2305	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2306
	2307
	2308	!
	2309	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2310	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2311
	2312	USE kinds
	2313
	2314	IMPLICIT NONE
	2315
	2316	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2317	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2318	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2319
	2320	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2321	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2322	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2323	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2324	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2325	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2326
	2327
	2328	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2329	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2330	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2331	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2332	ELSE
	2333
	2334	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2335	- bc_d_d
	2336	!
	2337	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2338	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2339
	2340	ENDIF
	2341
	2342	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2343
	2344
	2345	!
	2346	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2347	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2348
	2349	USE kinds
	2350
	2351	IMPLICIT NONE
	2352
	2353	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2354	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2355	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2356
	2357	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2358	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2359	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2360	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2361	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2362	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2363
	2364
	2365	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2366	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2367	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2368	ELSE
	2369	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2370	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2371	+ 1.0_wp
	2372	!
	2373	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2374	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2375	ENDIF
	2376
	2377	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2378
[3130]	2379
	2380	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2381	! Description:
	2382	! ------------
	2383	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2384	!>
	2385	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2386	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2387	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
	2388
	2389	IMPLICIT NONE
	2390
	2391	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2392	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2393
	2394	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2395	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2396
	2397	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2398	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2399	ELSE
	2400	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2401	ENDIF
	2402
	2403	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2404
[1697]	2405	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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