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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3352

Last change on this file since 3352 was 3274, checked in by knoop, 6 years ago
Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 86.9 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3147]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop $
[3274]	28	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	29	!
	30	! 3271 2018-09-24 08:20:34Z suehring
[3271]	31	! Comment revised
	32	!
	33	! 3157 2018-07-19 21:08:49Z maronga
[3157]	34	! Added local free convection velocity scale w_lfc in calculation of uvw_abs.
	35	! This can be switche on/off by the user via the flag namelist parameter
	36	! use_free_convection_scaling
	37	!
	38	! 3152 2018-07-19 13:26:52Z suehring
[3152]	39	! q_surface is now part of surface structure
	40	!
	41	! 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga
[3149]	42	! Correct accidental last commit
	43	!
	44	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	45	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	46	!
	47	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	48	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	49	!
	50	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	51	! Error message revised
	52	!
	53	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	54	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	55	!
	56	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	57	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	58	!
	59	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	60	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	61	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	62	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	63	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	64	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	65	!
	66	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	67	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	68	!
	69	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	70	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	71	!
	72	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	73	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	74	!
	75	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	76	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	77	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	78	! and cloud water content (qc).
	79	!
	80	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	81	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	82	!
	83	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	84	!
[2233]	85	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	86	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	87	! OpenMP bugfix
	88	!
[2119]	89	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	90	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	91	!
[2092]	92	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	93	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	94	!
[2077]	95	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	96	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	97	!
[2074]	98	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	99	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	100	!
[2038]	101	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	102	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	103	!
[2012]	104	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	105	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	106	!
[2008]	107	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	108	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	109	!
[2001]	110	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	111	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	112	!
[1993]	113	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	114	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	115	!
[1961]	116	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	117	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	118	!
[1930]	119	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	120	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	121	! completely surrounded by topography
	122	!
[1921]	123	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	124	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	125	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	126	!
[1916]	127	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	128	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	129	! timestep
	130	!
[1851]	131	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	132	! Module renamed
	133	!
	134	!
[1823]	135	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	136	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	137	!
[1789]	138	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	139	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	140	! humidity.
	141	! Syntax layout improved.
	142	!
[1758]	143	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	144	! Minor fixes.
	145	!
[1750]	146	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	147	! further OpenACC adjustments
	148	!
[1748]	149	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	150	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	151	!
[1710]	152	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	153	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	154	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	155	! neutral = .T.
	156	!
[1706]	157	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	158	! Typo removed
	159	!
[1698]	160	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	161	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	162	!
[1697]	163	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	164	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	165	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	166	! updated description.
	167	!
	168	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	169	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	170	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	171	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	172	! directly prescribed by the user.
	173	!
	174	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	175	! Adapted for land surface model
	176	!
	177	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	178	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	179	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	180	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	181	!
	182	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	183	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	184	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	185	!
	186	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	187	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	188	!
	189	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	190	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	191	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	192	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	193	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	194	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	195	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	196	! all variable declaration statements
	197	!
	198	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	199	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	200	!
	201	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	202	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	203	!
	204	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	205	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	206	!
	207	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	208	! OpenACC statements added
	209	!
	210	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	211	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	212	!
	213	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	214	! Initial revision
	215	!
	216	!
	217	! Description:
	218	! ------------
	219	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	220	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	221	!> available:
	222	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	223	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	224	!> slower
	225	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	226	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	227	!>
	228	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	229	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	230	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	231	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	232	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	233
	234	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	235	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
[3274]	236	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw, d_exner
[1691]	237
[3274]	238	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	239	ONLY: g, kappa, lv_d_cp, pi
	240
[2696]	241	USE chem_modules, &
	242	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	243
[1691]	244	USE cpulog
	245
	246	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	247	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, &
	248	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	249	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	250	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, &
[2232]	251	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[3274]	252	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, message_string, &
[2292]	253	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	254	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[3157]	255	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, &
	256	use_free_convection_scaling, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	257
[2232]	258	USE grid_variables, &
	259	ONLY: dx, dy
	260
[1691]	261	USE indices, &
[2232]	262	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	263
	264	USE kinds
	265
[3274]	266	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	267	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert
	268
[1691]	269	USE pegrid
	270
	271	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	272	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	273
[2232]	274	USE surface_mod, &
	275	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	276	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	277
[1691]	278
	279	IMPLICIT NONE
	280
[1992]	281	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	282	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	283	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	284	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	285	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	286
[2232]	287	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	288
[2232]	289	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	290	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	291	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	292	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	293	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	294	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	295
	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	297	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	298
	299	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	300	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	301	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	302	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	303	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	304
[2232]	305	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	306
[2232]	307
[1691]	308	SAVE
	309
	310	PRIVATE
	311
[3130]	312	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	313
	314	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	315	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	316	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	317
[3130]	318	INTERFACE phi_m
	319	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	320	END INTERFACE phi_m
	321
[1691]	322	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	323	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	324	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	325
	326
	327	CONTAINS
	328
	329
	330	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	331	! Description:
	332	! ------------
	333	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	334	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	335	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	336
	337	IMPLICIT NONE
	338
[2232]	339	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	340	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	341	!
[2696]	342	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	343	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	344	!
[2696]	345	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	346	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	347	DO l = 0, 1
	348	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	349	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	350	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	351	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	352	CALL calc_pt_surface
	353	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3152]	354	CALL calc_q_surface
[3146]	355	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	356	ENDIF
	357	ENDIF
[2696]	358	ENDIF
	359	ENDDO
[2232]	360	!
[2696]	361	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	362	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	363	surf => surf_lsm_h
	364	CALL calc_pt_q
	365	ENDIF
	366
	367	!
	368	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	369	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	370	surf => surf_usm_h
	371	CALL calc_pt_q
	372	ENDIF
	373
	374	!
	375	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	376	DO l = 0, 3
	377	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	378	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	379	CALL calc_pt_q
	380	ENDIF
[2696]	381
[3146]	382	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	383	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	384	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	385	CALL calc_pt_q
	386	ENDIF
[2696]	387	ENDDO
[1691]	388
	389	!
	390	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	391	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	392	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	393	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	394	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	395
	396	!
	397	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	398	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	399	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	400	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	401	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	402	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	403	!
	404	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	405	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	406	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	407	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	408	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	409	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	410	CALL calc_us
	411	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	412	ENDIF
	413	!
[2232]	414	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	415	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	416	surf => surf_lsm_h
	417	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	418	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	419	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	420	CALL calc_us
	421	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	422	ENDIF
	423	!
	424	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	425	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	426	surf => surf_usm_h
	427	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	428	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	429	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	430	CALL calc_us
	431	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	432	ENDIF
	433	!
[1691]	434	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	435	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	436	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	437	!
	438	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	439	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	440	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	441	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	442	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	443	CALL calc_us
	444	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	445	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	446	ENDIF
[2232]	447	!
	448	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	449	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	450	surf => surf_lsm_h
	451	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	452	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	453	CALL calc_us
	454	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	455	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	456	ENDIF
	457	!
	458	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	459	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	460	surf => surf_usm_h
	461	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	462	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	463	CALL calc_us
	464	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	465	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	466	ENDIF
[1691]	467
[2232]	468	ENDIF
	469	!
	470	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	471	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	472	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	473	!-- most_method is required.
	474	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	475	downward = .TRUE.
	476	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	477	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	478	CALL calc_us
	479	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	480	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	481	ENDIF
[2232]	482	!
	483	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	484	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	485	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	486	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	487	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	488	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	489	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	490	!
	491	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	492	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	493	!-- For default-type surfaces
	494	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	495	DO l = 0, 1
	496	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	497	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	498	!
	499	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	500	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	501	!
	502	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	503	CALL calc_us
	504	!
	505	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	506	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	507	ENDIF
	508	ENDDO
	509	!
	510	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	511	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	512	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	513	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	514	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	515	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	516	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	517	DO l = 0, 1
	518	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	519	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	520	!
	521	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	522	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	523	!
	524	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	525	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	526	!
	527	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	528	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	529	!
	530	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	531	CALL calc_us
	532	!
	533	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	534	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	535	ENDIF
	536	ENDDO
	537	ELSE
	538	DO l = 0, 1
	539	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	540	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	541	!
	542	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	543	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	544	!
	545	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	546	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	547	!
	548	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	549	CALL calc_us
	550	!
	551	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	552	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	553	!
	554	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	555	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	556	ENDIF
	557	ENDDO
	558	ENDIF
	559	!
	560	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	561	!-- to be computed.
	562	ELSE
	563	DO l = 0, 1
	564	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	565	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	566	!
	567	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	568	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	569	!
	570	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	571	CALL calc_us
	572	!
	573	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	574	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	575	ENDIF
	576	ENDDO
	577	ENDIF
	578	!
	579	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	580	DO l = 0, 1
	581	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	582	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	583	!
	584	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	585	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	586	!
	587	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	588	CALL calc_us
	589	!
	590	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	591	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	592	ENDIF
	593	ENDDO
	594	!
	595	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	596	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	597	!-- For default-type surfaces
	598	DO l = 2, 3
	599	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	600	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	601	!
	602	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	603	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	604	!
	605	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	606	CALL calc_us
	607	!
	608	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	609	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	610	ENDIF
	611	ENDDO
	612	!
	613	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	614	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	615	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	616	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	617	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	618	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	619	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	620	DO l = 2, 3
	621	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	622	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	623	!
	624	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	625	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	626	!
	627	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	628	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	629	!
	630	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	631	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	632	!
	633	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	634	CALL calc_us
	635	!
	636	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	637	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	638	ENDIF
	639	ENDDO
	640	ELSE
	641	DO l = 2, 3
	642	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	643	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	644	!
	645	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	646	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	647	!
	648	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	649	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	650	!
	651	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	652	CALL calc_us
	653	!
	654	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	655	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	656	!
	657	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	658	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	659	ENDIF
	660	ENDDO
	661	ENDIF
	662	ELSE
	663	DO l = 2, 3
	664	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	665	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	666	!
	667	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	668	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	669	!
	670	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	671	CALL calc_us
	672	!
	673	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	674	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	675	ENDIF
	676	ENDDO
	677	ENDIF
	678	!
	679	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	680	DO l = 2, 3
	681	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	682	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	683	!
	684	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	685	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	686	!
	687	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	688	CALL calc_us
	689	!
	690	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	691	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	692	ENDIF
	693	ENDDO
	694	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	695	!
	696	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	697	!-- surfaces.
	698	mom_w = .TRUE.
	699	!
	700	!-- Default-type surfaces
	701	DO l = 0, 3
	702	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	703	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	704	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	705	CALL calc_us
	706	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	707	ENDIF
	708	ENDDO
	709	!
	710	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	711	DO l = 0, 3
	712	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	713	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	714	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	715	CALL calc_us
	716	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	717	ENDIF
	718	ENDDO
	719	!
	720	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	721	DO l = 0, 3
	722	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	723	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	724	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	725	CALL calc_us
	726	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	727	ENDIF
	728	ENDDO
	729	mom_w = .FALSE.
	730	!
	731	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	732	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	733	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	734	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	735	!
	736	!-- Default-type surfaces
	737	DO l = 0, 3
	738	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	739	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	740	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	741	CALL calc_us
	742	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	743	ENDIF
	744	ENDDO
	745	!
	746	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	747	DO l = 0, 3
	748	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	749	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	750	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	751	CALL calc_us
	752	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	753	ENDIF
	754	ENDDO
	755	!
	756	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	757	DO l = 0, 3
	758	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	759	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	760	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	761	CALL calc_us
	762	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	763	ENDIF
	764	ENDDO
	765	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	766
[1691]	767
	768	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	769
	770
	771	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	772	! Description:
	773	! ------------
	774	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	775	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	776	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	777	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	778	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	779
	780	IMPLICIT NONE
	781
[2232]	782	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	783	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	784
	785	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	786
	787	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	788
	789	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	790
	791
	792	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	793	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	794	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	795	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	796	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	797
	798
[1709]	799
[2232]	800
[1709]	801	!
	802	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	803	!-- large value
[2232]	804	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	805	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	806	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	807	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	808	ENDIF
[1709]	809
[1691]	810	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	811
	812	!
	813	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	814	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	815	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	816	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	817	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	818	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	819	ENDIF
[1691]	820	ENDIF
[2232]	821	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	822	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	823	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	824	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	825	ENDIF
	826	ENDIF
	827	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	828	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	829	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	830	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	831	ENDIF
	832	ENDIF
	833	!
	834	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	835	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	836	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	837	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	838	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	839	ENDIF
	840	ENDIF
	841	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	842	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	843	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	844	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	845	ENDIF
	846	ENDIF
	847	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	848	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	849	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	850	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	851	ENDIF
	852	ENDIF
[1691]	853
[2232]	854
[1691]	855	#if defined( __parallel )
	856	!
	857	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	858	!-- is TRUE
	859	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	860	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	861	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	862	#else
	863	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	864	#endif
	865
	866	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	867	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	868	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	869	'heterogeneity'
[3045]	870	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0116', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1691]	871	ENDIF
	872
	873	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	874
	875	!
	876	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	877	k = nzb
[1691]	878	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	879
	880	!
	881	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	882	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	883	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	884	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	885	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	886	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	887	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	888
[2232]	889	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	890	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	891	ENDDO
	892
	893	!
	894	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	895	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	896	regr_old = regr
	897	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	898	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	899	ENDDO
	900
	901	!
	902	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	903	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	904	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	905	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	906	ENDDO
	907
	908	!
[1757]	909	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	910	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	911	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	912	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	913	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	914	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	915	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	916	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	917	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	918	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	919	ENDIF
[1691]	920	!
	921	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	922	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	923	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	924	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	925	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	926	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	927	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	928	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	929	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	930	)**3
	931	ENDDO
	932	ELSE
[2232]	933	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	934	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	935	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	936	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	937	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	938	) &
	939	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	940	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	941	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	942	)**2
	943	ENDDO
	944	ENDIF
	945
	946	!
	947	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	948	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	949	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	950	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	951
	952	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	953	ENDIF
	954
	955	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	956
	957
	958	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	959	! Description:
	960	! ------------
[1709]	961	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	962	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	963	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	964	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[3157]	965
[1691]	966	IMPLICIT NONE
	967
[2232]	968	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	969	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	970	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	971	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	972	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	973
[3157]	974	REAL(wp) :: w_lfc !< local free convection velocity scale
[2232]	975	!
	976	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	977	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	978
[2232]	979	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	980
[2232]	981	i = surf%i(m)
	982	j = surf%j(m)
	983	k = surf%k(m)
[3157]	984
[1691]	985	!
[3157]	986	!-- Calculate free convection velocity scale w_lfc is
	987	!-- use_free_convection_scaling = .T.. This will maintain a horizontal
	988	!-- velocity even for very weak wind convective conditions. SIGN is used
	989	!-- to set w_lfc to zero under stable conditions.
	990	IF ( use_free_convection_scaling ) THEN
	991	w_lfc = ABS(g / surf%pt1(m) * surf%z_mo(m) * surf%shf(m))
	992	w_lfc = ( 0.5_wp * ( w_lfc + SIGN(w_lfc,surf%shf(m)) ) )**(0.33333_wp)
	993	ELSE
	994	w_lfc = 0.0_wp
	995	ENDIF
	996
	997	!
[2232]	998	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	999	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	1000	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	1001	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	1002	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	1003	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	1004	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	1005	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	1006	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	1007	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	1008	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	1009	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	1010	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	1011	) * ibit &
	1012	) &
	1013	)**2 + &
	1014	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	1015	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	1016	) * ibit &
	1017	) &
[3157]	1018	)2 + w_lfc2 &
[2232]	1019	)
	1020
[3148]	1021
	1022
[1691]	1023	ENDDO
	1024
[2232]	1025	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	1026
	1027
	1028	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1029	! Description:
	1030	! ------------
	1031	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1032	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1033	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1034	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1035
	1036	IMPLICIT NONE
	1037
	1038	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1039	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1040	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1041	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1042
	1043	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1044	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1045
	1046
	1047	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1048	i = surf%i(m)
	1049	j = surf%j(m)
	1050	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1051	!
[2232]	1052	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1053	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1054	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1055	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1056
[2232]	1057	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1058
[2232]	1059	ENDDO
[1709]	1060
[2232]	1061	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1062
[1709]	1063	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1064	! Description:
	1065	! ------------
[2232]	1066	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1067	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1068	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1069	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1070
	1071	IMPLICIT NONE
	1072
	1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1074	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1077
	1078	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1079	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1080
	1081
	1082	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1083	i = surf%i(m)
	1084	j = surf%j(m)
	1085	k = surf%k(m)
	1086
	1087	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1088	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1089	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1090
	1091	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1092
	1093	ENDDO
	1094
	1095	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1096
	1097	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1098	! Description:
	1099	! ------------
	1100	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1101	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1102	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1103	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1104
	1105	IMPLICIT NONE
	1106
	1107	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1108	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1109	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1110	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1111
	1112	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1113	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1114	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1115	!
	1116	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1117	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1118	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1119	i = surf%i(m)
	1120	j = surf%j(m)
	1121	k = surf%k(m)
	1122
	1123	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1124	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1125	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1126	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1127
	1128	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1129	ENDDO
	1130	!
	1131	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1132	ELSE
	1133	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1134	i = surf%i(m)
	1135	j = surf%j(m)
	1136	k = surf%k(m)
	1137
	1138	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1139	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1140	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1141	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1142
	1143	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1144	ENDDO
	1145	ENDIF
	1146
	1147	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1148
	1149	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1150	! Description:
	1151	! ------------
	1152	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1153	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1154	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1155	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1156
	1157	IMPLICIT NONE
	1158
	1159	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1160	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1161	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1162	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1163
	1164	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1165	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1166	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1167
	1168	!
	1169	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1170	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1171	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1172	i = surf%i(m)
	1173	j = surf%j(m)
	1174	k = surf%k(m)
	1175
	1176	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1177	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1178	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1179
	1180	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1181	ENDDO
	1182	!
	1183	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1184	ELSE
	1185	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1186	i = surf%i(m)
	1187	j = surf%j(m)
	1188	k = surf%k(m)
	1189
	1190	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1191	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1192	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1193
	1194	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1195	ENDDO
	1196	ENDIF
	1197
	1198	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1199
	1200
	1201	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1202	! Description:
	1203	! ------------
[1709]	1204	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1205	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1206	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1207
	1208	IMPLICIT NONE
	1209
[2232]	1210	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1211	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1212	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1213
	1214	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1215	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1216	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1217	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1218	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1219	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1220
[1691]	1221	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1222	!
	1223	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1224	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1225	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1226	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1227	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1228	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1229
[2232]	1230	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1231
[3146]	1232	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1233	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1234	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1235	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1236	ENDDO
	1237	ELSE
[3146]	1238	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1239	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1240
	1241	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1242
[3146]	1243	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1244	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1245	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) &
	1246	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1247	ENDDO
	1248	ENDIF
	1249	ELSE
	1250	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1251	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1252	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1253
	1254	k = surf%k(m)
	1255
	1256	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1257
	1258	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1259	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1260	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1261	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1262	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1263	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1264	ENDDO
	1265	ELSE
[3146]	1266	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1267	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1268
[2232]	1269	k = surf%k(m)
	1270
	1271	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1272
	1273	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1274	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1275	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[2232]	1276	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1277	ENDDO
	1278	ENDIF
	1279	ENDIF
	1280
[1691]	1281	ENDIF
	1282
[2232]	1283
[1691]	1284	!
	1285	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1286	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1287	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1288
[2232]	1289	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1290
[2232]	1291	i = surf%i(m)
	1292	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1293
[2232]	1294	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1295
[1691]	1296	!
[2232]	1297	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1298	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1299
	1300	!
[2232]	1301	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1302	!-- length have the same sign
	1303	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1304	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1305	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1306	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1307	ENDIF
[1691]	1308	!
[2232]	1309	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1310	iter = 0
	1311	DO
	1312	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1313	!
[2232]	1314	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1315	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1316	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1317	EXIT
	1318	ENDIF
[1691]	1319
[2232]	1320	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1321	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1322	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1323
	1324
[2232]	1325	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1326	!
[2232]	1327	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1328	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1329	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1330	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1331	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1332	ol_m ) &
	1333	) &
	1334	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1335	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1336	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1337	ol_m ) &
	1338	)**2
[1691]	1339
	1340	!
[2232]	1341	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1342	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1343	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1344	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1345	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1346	) &
	1347	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1348	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1349	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1350	)**2 &
	1351	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1352	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1353	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1354	) &
	1355	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1356	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1357	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1358	)**2 &
	1359	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1360	ELSE
[1691]	1361	!
[2232]	1362	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1363	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1364	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1365	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1366	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1367	)**3
[1691]	1368
	1369	!
[2232]	1370	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1371	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1372	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1373	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1374	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1375	)**3 &
	1376	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1377	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1378	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1379	)**3 &
	1380	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1381	ENDIF
[1691]	1382	!
[2232]	1383	!-- Calculate new L
	1384	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1385
	1386	!
[2232]	1387	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1388	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1389	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1390	!
[2232]	1391	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1392	!-- value that is allowed
	1393	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1394	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1395	EXIT
	1396	ENDIF
[1691]	1397	!
[2232]	1398	!-- Check for convergence
	1399	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1400	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1401	EXIT
	1402	ELSE
	1403	CYCLE
	1404	ENDIF
[1691]	1405
	1406	ENDDO
	1407	ENDDO
	1408
	1409	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1410
[2281]	1411	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1412	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1413
[2232]	1414	i = surf%i(m)
	1415	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1416	!
[2232]	1417	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1418	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1419	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1420	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1421
	1422	!
[2232]	1423	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1424	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1425	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1426	!-- correct direction
	1427	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1428	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1429	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1430	li = li-1
	1431	ENDDO
	1432	ELSE
	1433	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1434	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1435	li = li+1
	1436	ENDDO
	1437	ENDIF
	1438	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1439
	1440	!
[2232]	1441	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1442	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1443	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1444	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1445
	1446	ENDDO
	1447
	1448	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1449
[2232]	1450	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1451	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1452	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1453
[2232]	1454	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1455
[3146]	1456	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1457	( kappa * g * &
	1458	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1459	!
	1460	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1461	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1462	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1463	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1464	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1465	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1466	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1467	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1468	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1469
[1691]	1470	ENDDO
[3274]	1471	ELSEIF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1472	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1473	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1474
[2232]	1475	i = surf%i(m)
	1476	j = surf%j(m)
	1477	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1478
[2232]	1479	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1480
	1481
[3146]	1482	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1483	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1484	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1485	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1486	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1487	!
[2232]	1488	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1489	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1490	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1491	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1492	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1493	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1494	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1495	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1496	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1497
[2232]	1498	ENDDO
	1499	ELSE
	1500
[3146]	1501	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1502	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1503
	1504	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1505
[3146]	1506	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1507	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * &
	1508	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * &
[2232]	1509	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1510
	1511	!
	1512	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1513	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1514	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1515	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1516	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1517	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1518	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1519	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1520	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1521
	1522	ENDDO
	1523
	1524	ENDIF
	1525
	1526	ENDIF
	1527
[1691]	1528	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1529
	1530	!
	1531	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1532	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1533
	1534	IMPLICIT NONE
	1535
[2232]	1536	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1537
[2232]	1538	!
	1539	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1540	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1541	!
	1542	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1543	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1544	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1545	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1546
[2232]	1547	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1548	!
[2232]	1549	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1550	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1551	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1552	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1553	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1554
	1555	ENDDO
	1556	!
	1557	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1558	!-- any stability.
	1559	ELSE
[2281]	1560	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1561	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1562
	1563	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1564	!
	1565	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1566	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1567
	1568	ENDDO
	1569	ENDIF
	1570	!
	1571	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1572	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1573	ELSE
	1574	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1575	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1576	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1577
	1578	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1579	ENDDO
[2232]	1580	ENDIF
[1691]	1581
	1582	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1583
	1584	!
[3146]	1585	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1586	!-- temperature at first grid level
[1691]	1587	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1588
	1589	IMPLICIT NONE
	1590
[2232]	1591	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1592
	1593	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1594	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1595
	1596	i = surf%i(m)
	1597	j = surf%j(m)
	1598	k = surf%k(m)
	1599
[3274]	1600	IF ( bulk_cloud_model ) THEN
	1601	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1602	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1603	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
[3274]	1604	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + lv_d_cp * d_exner(k) * ql(k,j,i)
[2547]	1605	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1606	ELSE
	1607	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1608	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1609	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1610	ELSE
	1611	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1612	ENDIF
[2547]	1613	ENDIF
[2232]	1614
[3146]	1615	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1616	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1617	ENDIF
	1618
[1691]	1619	ENDDO
	1620
	1621	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1622
[2696]	1623
[1691]	1624	!
[3152]	1625	!-- Set potential temperature at surface grid level.
[2696]	1626	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1627	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1628
	1629	IMPLICIT NONE
	1630
[3146]	1631	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1632	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1633
[3146]	1634	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1635	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1636	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1637
	1638	i = surf%i(m)
	1639	j = surf%j(m)
	1640	k = surf%k(m)
	1641
[3146]	1642	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1643
	1644	ENDDO
	1645
	1646	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1647
	1648	!
[3152]	1649	!-- Set mixing ratio at surface grid level. ( Only for upward-facing surfs. )
	1650	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1651
	1652	IMPLICIT NONE
	1653
	1654	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1655	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1656
	1657	k_off = surf%koff
	1658	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1659	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1660
	1661	i = surf%i(m)
	1662	j = surf%j(m)
	1663	k = surf%k(m)
	1664
	1665	surf%q_surface(m) = q(k+k_off,j,i)
	1666
	1667	ENDDO
	1668
	1669	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1670
	1671	!
	1672	!-- Set virtual potential temperature at surface grid level.
[3146]	1673	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1674	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1675
	1676	IMPLICIT NONE
	1677
	1678	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1679	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1680
	1681	k_off = surf%koff
	1682	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1683	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1684
	1685	i = surf%i(m)
	1686	j = surf%j(m)
	1687	k = surf%k(m)
	1688
	1689	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1690
	1691	ENDDO
	1692
	1693	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1694
	1695	!
[2292]	1696	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1697	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1698
	1699	IMPLICIT NONE
	1700
[2232]	1701
	1702	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1703	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1704	!
[2232]	1705	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1706	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1707	!
	1708	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1709
	1710	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1711	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1712
	1713	i = surf%i(m)
	1714	j = surf%j(m)
	1715	k = surf%k(m)
	1716
	1717	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1718	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1719
[1691]	1720	!
[2232]	1721	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1722	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1723	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1724	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1725
[1691]	1726	ENDDO
	1727
[2232]	1728	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1729	!
	1730	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1731	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1732
	1733	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1734	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1735	i = surf%i(m)
	1736	j = surf%j(m)
	1737	k = surf%k(m)
	1738
	1739	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1740	ENDDO
	1741	ENDIF
	1742
[2696]	1743	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1744	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1745
[2696]	1746	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1747
[2696]	1748	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1749	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1750	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1751	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1752
[2696]	1753	ENDDO
[2232]	1754
	1755	ENDIF
	1756	!
	1757	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1758	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1759	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1760	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1761	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1762
	1763	i = surf%i(m)
	1764	j = surf%j(m)
	1765	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1766	!
	1767	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1768	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1769	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1770	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1771
[1691]	1772	ENDDO
	1773	ENDIF
	1774
	1775	!
[2232]	1776	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1777	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1778	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1779	!
[1788]	1780	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1781	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1782	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1783
	1784	i = surf%i(m)
	1785	j = surf%j(m)
	1786	k = surf%k(m)
	1787	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1788	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1789
[1691]	1790	ENDDO
	1791
[2232]	1792	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1793	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1794	run_coupled )
	1795
[1788]	1796	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1797	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1798	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1799
	1800	i = surf%i(m)
	1801	j = surf%j(m)
	1802	k = surf%k(m)
	1803	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1804
[1691]	1805	ENDDO
	1806	ENDIF
	1807
	1808	!
[2232]	1809	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1810	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1811	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1812	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1813	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1814	i = surf%i(m)
	1815	j = surf%j(m)
	1816	k = surf%k(m)
	1817	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1818	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1819	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1820	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1821	ENDDO
	1822	ENDIF
[1691]	1823
[3274]	1824	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1825	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1826	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1827
[2232]	1828	i = surf%i(m)
	1829	j = surf%j(m)
	1830	k = surf%k(m)
	1831
	1832	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1833
[3152]	1834	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - surf%q_surface(m) ) &
[2232]	1835	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1836	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1837	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1838	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1839	ENDDO
[2232]	1840	ELSE
	1841	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1842	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1843
	1844	i = surf%i(m)
	1845	j = surf%j(m)
	1846	k = surf%k(m)
	1847
	1848	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1849
	1850	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1851	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1852	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1853	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1854	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1855	ENDDO
	1856	ENDIF
	1857	ENDIF
	1858	!
	1859	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1860	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1861	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1862	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1863
	1864	i = surf%i(m)
	1865	j = surf%j(m)
	1866	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1867
[1691]	1868	ENDDO
	1869	ENDIF
	1870	ENDIF
[1960]	1871
	1872	!
	1873	!-- If required compute s*
	1874	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1875	!
[2232]	1876	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1877	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1878	!
	1879	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1880	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1881	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1882	i = surf%i(m)
	1883	j = surf%j(m)
	1884	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1885	ENDDO
	1886	ENDIF
[2232]	1887	!
	1888	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1889	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1890	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1891	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1892	i = surf%i(m)
	1893	j = surf%j(m)
	1894	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1895	ENDDO
	1896	ENDIF
[1960]	1897	ENDIF
[1691]	1898
[2292]	1899	!
[2696]	1900	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1901	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1902	!
	1903	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1904	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1905	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1906	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1907	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1908	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1909	i = surf%i(m)
	1910	j = surf%j(m)
	1911	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1912	ENDDO
	1913	ENDIF
	1914	ENDDO
	1915	!
	1916	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1917	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1918	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1919	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1920	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1921	i = surf%i(m)
	1922	j = surf%j(m)
	1923	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1924	ENDDO
	1925	ENDDO
	1926	ENDIF
	1927	ENDIF
	1928
	1929	!
[2292]	1930	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
[3274]	1931	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	1932	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1933	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1934	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1935
[2292]	1936	i = surf%i(m)
	1937	j = surf%j(m)
	1938	k = surf%k(m)
	1939
	1940	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1941
	1942	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1943	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1944	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1945	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1946
	1947	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1948	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1949	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1950	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1951	ENDDO
	1952
	1953	ENDIF
	1954
[1691]	1955	!
	1956	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[3274]	1957	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1958	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1959	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1960	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1961
[2232]	1962	i = surf%i(m)
	1963	j = surf%j(m)
	1964	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1965
[2232]	1966	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1967
[2232]	1968	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1969	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1970	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1971	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1972
[2232]	1973	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1974	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1975	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1976	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1977	ENDDO
	1978
	1979	ENDIF
	1980
	1981	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1982
	1983
	1984
	1985	!
[2292]	1986	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1987	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1988
	1989	IMPLICIT NONE
	1990
[2696]	1991	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1992	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1993
[2232]	1994	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1995	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1996	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1997	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1998	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1999	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	2000
	2001	!
[2232]	2002	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	2003	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	2004	!
	2005	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	2006	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2007	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2008	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2009	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2010
	2011	i = surf%i(m)
	2012	j = surf%j(m)
	2013	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2014
[2232]	2015	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2016
[2232]	2017	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2018	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2019	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2020	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2021	!
	2022	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2023	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	2024	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2025	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2026	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2027	!-- tests had shown.
	2028	!-- Same also for ol.
	2029	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2030
[2232]	2031	ENDDO
[1691]	2032	!
[2232]	2033	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	2034	ELSE
	2035	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2036	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2037
	2038	i = surf%i(m)
	2039	j = surf%j(m)
	2040	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2041
[2232]	2042	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2043
	2044	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2045	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	2046
[2232]	2047	ENDDO
	2048	ENDIF
[1691]	2049
[2232]	2050	!
	2051	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	2052	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2053	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	2054	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2055	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2056	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2057	i = surf%i(m)
	2058	j = surf%j(m)
	2059	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2060
[2232]	2061	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2062
[2232]	2063	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2064	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2065	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2066	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	2067	!
[2232]	2068	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2069	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	2070	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2071	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2072	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2073	!-- tests had shown.
	2074	!-- Same also for ol.
	2075	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2076	ENDDO
	2077	!
	2078	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	2079	ELSE
	2080	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2081	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2082	i = surf%i(m)
	2083	j = surf%j(m)
	2084	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2085
[2232]	2086	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2087
	2088	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2089	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2090	ENDDO
	2091	ENDIF
[1691]	2092	!
[2232]	2093	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2094	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2095	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2096	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2097	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2098	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2099	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2100	i = surf%i(m)
	2101	j = surf%j(m)
	2102	k = surf%k(m)
	2103	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2104	ENDDO
[2232]	2105	ENDIF
	2106	!
	2107	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2108	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2109	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2110	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2111	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2112	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2113	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2114	i = surf%i(m)
	2115	j = surf%j(m)
	2116	k = surf%k(m)
	2117	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2118	ENDDO
	2119	ENDIF
	2120	!
	2121	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2122	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2123	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2124	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2125	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2126
[2232]	2127	i = surf%i(m)
	2128	j = surf%j(m)
	2129	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2130
[2232]	2131	ENDDO
[2292]	2132	ENDIF
[1691]	2133	!
[2696]	2134	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2135	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2136	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2137	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2138	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2139	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2140	i = surf%i(m)
	2141	j = surf%j(m)
	2142	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2143	ENDDO
	2144	ENDIF
	2145	ENDDO
	2146
	2147	!
[2292]	2148	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
[3274]	2149	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
[2292]	2150	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2151	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2152	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2153
	2154	i = surf%i(m)
	2155	j = surf%j(m)
	2156
	2157	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2158	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2159	ENDDO
	2160	ENDIF
	2161	!
[2232]	2162	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[3274]	2163	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2164	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2165	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2166	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2167
	2168	i = surf%i(m)
	2169	j = surf%j(m)
	2170
	2171	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2172	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2173	ENDDO
[2232]	2174	ENDIF
[1691]	2175
[1960]	2176	!
[2232]	2177	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2178	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2179	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2180	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2181
	2182	i = surf%i(m)
	2183	j = surf%j(m)
	2184	k = surf%k(m)
	2185
	2186	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2187	!
	2188	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2189	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2190	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2191
[1960]	2192	ENDDO
[2232]	2193	ENDIF
	2194	!
	2195	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2196	ELSE
	2197	!
	2198	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2199	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2200	!
	2201	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2202	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2203	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2204	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2205	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2206	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2207	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2208	i = surf%i(m)
	2209	j = surf%j(m)
	2210	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2211
[2232]	2212	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2213
[2232]	2214	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2215	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2216	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2217
	2218	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2219	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2220	ENDDO
	2221	ENDIF
[1691]	2222	!
[2232]	2223	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2224	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2225	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2226	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2227	i = surf%i(m)
	2228	j = surf%j(m)
	2229	k = surf%k(m)
	2230
	2231	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2232
	2233	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2234
	2235	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2236	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2237	ENDDO
[2232]	2238	ENDIF
	2239	!
	2240	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2241	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2242	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2243	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2244	!--
	2245	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2246	!
	2247	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2248	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2249	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2250	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2251
[2232]	2252	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2253	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2254	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2255	i = surf%i(m)
	2256	j = surf%j(m)
	2257	k = surf%k(m)
	2258
	2259	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2260	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2261	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2262	ENDDO
	2263	ELSE
	2264	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2265	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2266	i = surf%i(m)
	2267	j = surf%j(m)
	2268	k = surf%k(m)
	2269
	2270	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2271	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2272	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2273	ENDDO
	2274	ENDIF
	2275
[2281]	2276	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2277	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2278	i = surf%i(m)
	2279	j = surf%j(m)
	2280
	2281	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2282
	2283	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2284	!
[2232]	2285	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2286	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2287	!
[2232]	2288	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2289	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2290
	2291	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2292	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2293	ENDDO
[2232]	2294	!
	2295	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2296	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2297	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2298	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2299	ENDIF
[1691]	2300	ENDIF
	2301
	2302	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2303
	2304
	2305	!
	2306	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2307	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2308
	2309	USE kinds
	2310
	2311	IMPLICIT NONE
	2312
	2313	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2314	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2315	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2316
	2317	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2318	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2319	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2320	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2321	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2322	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2323
	2324
	2325	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2326	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2327	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2328	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2329	ELSE
	2330
	2331	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2332	- bc_d_d
	2333	!
	2334	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2335	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2336
	2337	ENDIF
	2338
	2339	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2340
	2341
	2342	!
	2343	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2344	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2345
	2346	USE kinds
	2347
	2348	IMPLICIT NONE
	2349
	2350	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2351	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2352	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2353
	2354	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2355	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2356	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2357	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2358	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2359	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2360
	2361
	2362	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2363	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2364	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2365	ELSE
	2366	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2367	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2368	+ 1.0_wp
	2369	!
	2370	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2371	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2372	ENDIF
	2373
	2374	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2375
[3130]	2376
	2377	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2378	! Description:
	2379	! ------------
	2380	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2381	!>
	2382	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2383	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2384	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
	2385
	2386	IMPLICIT NONE
	2387
	2388	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2389	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2390
	2391	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2392	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2393
	2394	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2395	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2396	ELSE
	2397	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2398	ENDIF
	2399
	2400	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2401
[1697]	2402	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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