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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3187

Last change on this file since 3187 was 3157, checked in by maronga, 6 years ago
added local free convection velocity scale in calculation of horizontal wind at first grid level
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 86.7 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3147]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3157 2018-07-19 21:08:49Z sward $
[3157]	28	! Added local free convection velocity scale w_lfc in calculation of uvw_abs.
	29	! This can be switche on/off by the user via the flag namelist parameter
	30	! use_free_convection_scaling
	31	!
	32	! 3152 2018-07-19 13:26:52Z suehring
[3152]	33	! q_surface is now part of surface structure
	34	!
	35	! 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga
[3149]	36	! Correct accidental last commit
	37	!
	38	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	39	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	40	!
	41	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	42	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	43	!
	44	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	45	! Error message revised
	46	!
	47	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	48	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	49	!
	50	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	51	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	52	!
	53	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	54	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	55	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	56	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	57	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	58	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	59	!
	60	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	61	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	62	!
	63	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	64	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	65	!
	66	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	67	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	68	!
	69	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	70	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	71	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	72	! and cloud water content (qc).
	73	!
	74	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	75	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	76	!
	77	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	78	!
[2233]	79	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	80	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	81	! OpenMP bugfix
	82	!
[2119]	83	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	84	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	85	!
[2092]	86	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	87	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	88	!
[2077]	89	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	90	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	91	!
[2074]	92	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	93	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	94	!
[2038]	95	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	96	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	97	!
[2012]	98	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	99	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	100	!
[2008]	101	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	102	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	103	!
[2001]	104	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	105	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	106	!
[1993]	107	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	108	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	109	!
[1961]	110	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	111	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	112	!
[1930]	113	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	114	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	115	! completely surrounded by topography
	116	!
[1921]	117	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	118	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	119	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	120	!
[1916]	121	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	122	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	123	! timestep
	124	!
[1851]	125	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	126	! Module renamed
	127	!
	128	!
[1823]	129	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	130	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	131	!
[1789]	132	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	133	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	134	! humidity.
	135	! Syntax layout improved.
	136	!
[1758]	137	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	138	! Minor fixes.
	139	!
[1750]	140	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	141	! further OpenACC adjustments
	142	!
[1748]	143	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	144	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	145	!
[1710]	146	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	147	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	148	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	149	! neutral = .T.
	150	!
[1706]	151	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	152	! Typo removed
	153	!
[1698]	154	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	155	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	156	!
[1697]	157	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	158	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	159	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	160	! updated description.
	161	!
	162	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	163	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	164	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	165	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	166	! directly prescribed by the user.
	167	!
	168	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	169	! Adapted for land surface model
	170	!
	171	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	172	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	173	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	174	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	175	!
	176	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	177	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	178	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	179	!
	180	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	181	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	182	!
	183	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	184	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	185	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	186	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	187	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	188	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	189	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	190	! all variable declaration statements
	191	!
	192	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	193	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	194	!
	195	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	196	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	197	!
	198	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	199	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	200	!
	201	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	202	! OpenACC statements added
	203	!
	204	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	205	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	206	!
	207	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	208	! Initial revision
	209	!
	210	!
	211	! Description:
	212	! ------------
	213	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	214	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	215	!> available:
	216	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	217	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	218	!> slower
	219	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	220	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	221	!>
	222	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	223	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	224	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	225	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	226	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	227
	228	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	229	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
	230	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw
[1691]	231
[2696]	232	USE chem_modules, &
	233	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	234
[1691]	235	USE cloud_parameters, &
	236	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	237
	238	USE constants, &
	239	ONLY: pi
	240
	241	USE cpulog
	242
	243	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	244	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, cloud_physics, &
	245	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	246	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	247	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
[2232]	248	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	249	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[2292]	250	message_string, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, &
	251	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	252	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[3157]	253	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, &
	254	use_free_convection_scaling, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	255
[2232]	256	USE grid_variables, &
	257	ONLY: dx, dy
	258
[1691]	259	USE indices, &
[2232]	260	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	261
	262	USE kinds
	263
	264	USE pegrid
	265
	266	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	267	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	268
[2232]	269	USE surface_mod, &
	270	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	271	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	272
[1691]	273
	274	IMPLICIT NONE
	275
[1992]	276	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	277	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	278	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	279	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	280	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	281
[2232]	282	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	283
[2232]	284	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	285	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	286	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	287	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	288	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	289	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	290
	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	292	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	293
	294	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	295	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	296	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	297	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	298	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	299
[2232]	300	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	301
[2232]	302
[1691]	303	SAVE
	304
	305	PRIVATE
	306
[3130]	307	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	308
	309	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	310	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	311	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	312
[3130]	313	INTERFACE phi_m
	314	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	315	END INTERFACE phi_m
	316
[1691]	317	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	318	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	319	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	320
	321
	322	CONTAINS
	323
	324
	325	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	326	! Description:
	327	! ------------
	328	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	329	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	330	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	331
	332	IMPLICIT NONE
	333
[2232]	334	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	335	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	336	!
[2696]	337	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	338	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	339	!
[2696]	340	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	341	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	342	DO l = 0, 1
	343	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	344	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	345	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	346	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	347	CALL calc_pt_surface
	348	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3152]	349	CALL calc_q_surface
[3146]	350	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	351	ENDIF
	352	ENDIF
[2696]	353	ENDIF
	354	ENDDO
[2232]	355	!
[2696]	356	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	357	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	358	surf => surf_lsm_h
	359	CALL calc_pt_q
	360	ENDIF
	361
	362	!
	363	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	364	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	365	surf => surf_usm_h
	366	CALL calc_pt_q
	367	ENDIF
	368
	369	!
	370	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	371	DO l = 0, 3
	372	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	373	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	374	CALL calc_pt_q
	375	ENDIF
[2696]	376
[3146]	377	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	378	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	379	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	380	CALL calc_pt_q
	381	ENDIF
[2696]	382	ENDDO
[1691]	383
	384	!
	385	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	386	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	387	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	388	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	389	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	390
	391	!
	392	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	393	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	394	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	395	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	396	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	397	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	398	!
	399	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	400	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	401	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	402	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	403	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	404	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	405	CALL calc_us
	406	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	407	ENDIF
	408	!
[2232]	409	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	410	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	411	surf => surf_lsm_h
	412	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	413	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	414	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	415	CALL calc_us
	416	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	417	ENDIF
	418	!
	419	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	420	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	421	surf => surf_usm_h
	422	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	423	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	424	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	425	CALL calc_us
	426	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	427	ENDIF
	428	!
[1691]	429	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	430	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	431	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	432	!
	433	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	434	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	435	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	436	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	437	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	438	CALL calc_us
	439	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	440	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	441	ENDIF
[2232]	442	!
	443	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	444	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	445	surf => surf_lsm_h
	446	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	447	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	448	CALL calc_us
	449	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	450	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	451	ENDIF
	452	!
	453	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	454	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	455	surf => surf_usm_h
	456	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	457	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	458	CALL calc_us
	459	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	460	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	461	ENDIF
[1691]	462
[2232]	463	ENDIF
	464	!
	465	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	466	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	467	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	468	!-- most_method is required.
	469	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	470	downward = .TRUE.
	471	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	472	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	473	CALL calc_us
	474	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	475	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	476	ENDIF
[2232]	477	!
	478	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	479	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	480	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	481	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	482	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	483	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	484	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	485	!
	486	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	487	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	488	!-- For default-type surfaces
	489	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	490	DO l = 0, 1
	491	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	492	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	493	!
	494	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	495	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	496	!
	497	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	498	CALL calc_us
	499	!
	500	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	501	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	502	ENDIF
	503	ENDDO
	504	!
	505	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	506	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	507	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	508	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	509	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	510	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	511	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	512	DO l = 0, 1
	513	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	514	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	515	!
	516	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	517	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	518	!
	519	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	520	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	521	!
	522	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	523	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	524	!
	525	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	526	CALL calc_us
	527	!
	528	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	529	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	530	ENDIF
	531	ENDDO
	532	ELSE
	533	DO l = 0, 1
	534	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	535	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	536	!
	537	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	538	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	539	!
	540	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	541	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	542	!
	543	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	544	CALL calc_us
	545	!
	546	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	547	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	548	!
	549	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	550	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	551	ENDIF
	552	ENDDO
	553	ENDIF
	554	!
	555	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	556	!-- to be computed.
	557	ELSE
	558	DO l = 0, 1
	559	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	560	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	561	!
	562	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	563	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	564	!
	565	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	566	CALL calc_us
	567	!
	568	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	569	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	570	ENDIF
	571	ENDDO
	572	ENDIF
	573	!
	574	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	575	DO l = 0, 1
	576	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	577	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	578	!
	579	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	580	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	581	!
	582	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	583	CALL calc_us
	584	!
	585	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	586	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	587	ENDIF
	588	ENDDO
	589	!
	590	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	591	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	592	!-- For default-type surfaces
	593	DO l = 2, 3
	594	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	595	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	596	!
	597	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	598	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	599	!
	600	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	601	CALL calc_us
	602	!
	603	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	604	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	605	ENDIF
	606	ENDDO
	607	!
	608	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	609	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	610	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	611	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	612	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	613	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	614	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	615	DO l = 2, 3
	616	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	617	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	618	!
	619	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	620	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	621	!
	622	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	623	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	624	!
	625	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	626	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	627	!
	628	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	629	CALL calc_us
	630	!
	631	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	632	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	633	ENDIF
	634	ENDDO
	635	ELSE
	636	DO l = 2, 3
	637	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	638	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	639	!
	640	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	641	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	642	!
	643	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	644	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	645	!
	646	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	647	CALL calc_us
	648	!
	649	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	650	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	651	!
	652	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	653	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	654	ENDIF
	655	ENDDO
	656	ENDIF
	657	ELSE
	658	DO l = 2, 3
	659	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	660	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	661	!
	662	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	663	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	664	!
	665	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	666	CALL calc_us
	667	!
	668	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	669	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	670	ENDIF
	671	ENDDO
	672	ENDIF
	673	!
	674	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	675	DO l = 2, 3
	676	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	677	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	678	!
	679	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	680	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	681	!
	682	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	683	CALL calc_us
	684	!
	685	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	686	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	687	ENDIF
	688	ENDDO
	689	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	690	!
	691	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	692	!-- surfaces.
	693	mom_w = .TRUE.
	694	!
	695	!-- Default-type surfaces
	696	DO l = 0, 3
	697	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	698	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	699	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	700	CALL calc_us
	701	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	702	ENDIF
	703	ENDDO
	704	!
	705	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	706	DO l = 0, 3
	707	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	708	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	709	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	710	CALL calc_us
	711	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	712	ENDIF
	713	ENDDO
	714	!
	715	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	716	DO l = 0, 3
	717	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	718	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	719	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	720	CALL calc_us
	721	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	722	ENDIF
	723	ENDDO
	724	mom_w = .FALSE.
	725	!
	726	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	727	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	728	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	729	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	730	!
	731	!-- Default-type surfaces
	732	DO l = 0, 3
	733	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	734	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	735	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	736	CALL calc_us
	737	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	738	ENDIF
	739	ENDDO
	740	!
	741	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	742	DO l = 0, 3
	743	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	744	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	745	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	746	CALL calc_us
	747	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	748	ENDIF
	749	ENDDO
	750	!
	751	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	752	DO l = 0, 3
	753	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	754	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	755	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	756	CALL calc_us
	757	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	758	ENDIF
	759	ENDDO
	760	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	761
[1691]	762
	763	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	764
	765
	766	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	767	! Description:
	768	! ------------
	769	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	770	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	771	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	772	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	773	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	774
	775	IMPLICIT NONE
	776
[2232]	777	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	778	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	779
	780	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	781
	782	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	783
	784	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	785
	786
	787	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	788	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	789	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	790	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	791	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	792
	793
[1709]	794
[2232]	795
[1709]	796	!
	797	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	798	!-- large value
[2232]	799	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	800	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	801	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	802	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	803	ENDIF
[1709]	804
[1691]	805	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	806
	807	!
	808	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	809	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	810	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	811	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	812	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	813	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	814	ENDIF
[1691]	815	ENDIF
[2232]	816	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	817	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	818	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	819	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	820	ENDIF
	821	ENDIF
	822	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	823	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	824	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	825	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	826	ENDIF
	827	ENDIF
	828	!
	829	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	830	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	831	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	832	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	833	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	834	ENDIF
	835	ENDIF
	836	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	837	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	838	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	839	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	840	ENDIF
	841	ENDIF
	842	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	843	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	844	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	845	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	846	ENDIF
	847	ENDIF
[1691]	848
[2232]	849
[1691]	850	#if defined( __parallel )
	851	!
	852	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	853	!-- is TRUE
	854	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	855	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	856	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	857	#else
	858	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	859	#endif
	860
	861	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	862	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	863	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	864	'heterogeneity'
[3045]	865	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0116', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1691]	866	ENDIF
	867
	868	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	869
	870	!
	871	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	872	k = nzb
[1691]	873	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	874
	875	!
	876	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	877	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	878	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	879	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	880	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	881	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	882	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	883
[2232]	884	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	885	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	886	ENDDO
	887
	888	!
	889	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	890	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	891	regr_old = regr
	892	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	893	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	894	ENDDO
	895
	896	!
	897	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	898	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	899	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	900	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	901	ENDDO
	902
	903	!
[1757]	904	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	905	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	906	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	907	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	908	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	909	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	910	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	911	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	912	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	913	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	914	ENDIF
[1691]	915	!
	916	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	917	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	918	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	919	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	920	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	921	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	922	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	923	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	924	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	925	)**3
	926	ENDDO
	927	ELSE
[2232]	928	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	929	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	930	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	931	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	932	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	933	) &
	934	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	935	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	936	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	937	)**2
	938	ENDDO
	939	ENDIF
	940
	941	!
	942	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	943	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	944	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	945	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	946
	947	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	948	ENDIF
	949
	950	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	951
	952
	953	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	954	! Description:
	955	! ------------
[1709]	956	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	957	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	958	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	959	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[3157]	960
[1691]	961	IMPLICIT NONE
	962
[2232]	963	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	964	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	965	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	966	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	967	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	968
[3157]	969	REAL(wp) :: w_lfc !< local free convection velocity scale
[2232]	970	!
	971	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	972	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	973
[2232]	974	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	975
[2232]	976	i = surf%i(m)
	977	j = surf%j(m)
	978	k = surf%k(m)
[3157]	979
[1691]	980	!
[3157]	981	!-- Calculate free convection velocity scale w_lfc is
	982	!-- use_free_convection_scaling = .T.. This will maintain a horizontal
	983	!-- velocity even for very weak wind convective conditions. SIGN is used
	984	!-- to set w_lfc to zero under stable conditions.
	985	IF ( use_free_convection_scaling ) THEN
	986	w_lfc = ABS(g / surf%pt1(m) * surf%z_mo(m) * surf%shf(m))
	987	w_lfc = ( 0.5_wp * ( w_lfc + SIGN(w_lfc,surf%shf(m)) ) )**(0.33333_wp)
	988	ELSE
	989	w_lfc = 0.0_wp
	990	ENDIF
	991
	992	!
[2232]	993	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	994	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	995	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	996	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	997	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	998	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	999	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	1000	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	1001	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	1002	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	1003	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	1004	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	1005	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	1006	) * ibit &
	1007	) &
	1008	)**2 + &
	1009	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	1010	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	1011	) * ibit &
	1012	) &
[3157]	1013	)2 + w_lfc2 &
[2232]	1014	)
	1015
[3148]	1016
	1017
[1691]	1018	ENDDO
	1019
[2232]	1020	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	1021
	1022
	1023	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1024	! Description:
	1025	! ------------
	1026	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1027	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1028	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1029	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1030
	1031	IMPLICIT NONE
	1032
	1033	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1034	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1035	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1036	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1037
	1038	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1039	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1040
	1041
	1042	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1043	i = surf%i(m)
	1044	j = surf%j(m)
	1045	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1046	!
[2232]	1047	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1048	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1049	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1050	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1051
[2232]	1052	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1053
[2232]	1054	ENDDO
[1709]	1055
[2232]	1056	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1057
[1709]	1058	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1059	! Description:
	1060	! ------------
[2232]	1061	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1062	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1063	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1064	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1065
	1066	IMPLICIT NONE
	1067
	1068	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1069	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1070	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1071	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1072
	1073	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1074	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1075
	1076
	1077	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1078	i = surf%i(m)
	1079	j = surf%j(m)
	1080	k = surf%k(m)
	1081
	1082	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1083	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1084	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1085
	1086	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1087
	1088	ENDDO
	1089
	1090	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1091
	1092	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1093	! Description:
	1094	! ------------
	1095	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1096	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1097	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1098	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1099
	1100	IMPLICIT NONE
	1101
	1102	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1103	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1104	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1105	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1106
	1107	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1108	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1109	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1110	!
	1111	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1112	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1113	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1114	i = surf%i(m)
	1115	j = surf%j(m)
	1116	k = surf%k(m)
	1117
	1118	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1119	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1120	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1121	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1122
	1123	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1124	ENDDO
	1125	!
	1126	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1127	ELSE
	1128	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1129	i = surf%i(m)
	1130	j = surf%j(m)
	1131	k = surf%k(m)
	1132
	1133	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1134	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1135	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1136	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1137
	1138	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1139	ENDDO
	1140	ENDIF
	1141
	1142	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1143
	1144	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1145	! Description:
	1146	! ------------
	1147	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1148	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1149	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1150	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1151
	1152	IMPLICIT NONE
	1153
	1154	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1155	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1156	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1157	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1158
	1159	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1160	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1161	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1162
	1163	!
	1164	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1165	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1166	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1167	i = surf%i(m)
	1168	j = surf%j(m)
	1169	k = surf%k(m)
	1170
	1171	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1172	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1173	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1174
	1175	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1176	ENDDO
	1177	!
	1178	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1179	ELSE
	1180	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1181	i = surf%i(m)
	1182	j = surf%j(m)
	1183	k = surf%k(m)
	1184
	1185	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1186	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1187	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1188
	1189	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1190	ENDDO
	1191	ENDIF
	1192
	1193	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1194
	1195
	1196	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1197	! Description:
	1198	! ------------
[1709]	1199	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1200	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1201	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1202
	1203	IMPLICIT NONE
	1204
[2232]	1205	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1206	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1207	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1208
	1209	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1210	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1211	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1212	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1213	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1214	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1215
[1691]	1216	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1217	!
	1218	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1219	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1220	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1221	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1222	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1223	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1224
[2232]	1225	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1226
[3146]	1227	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1228	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1229	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1230	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1231	ENDDO
	1232	ELSE
[3146]	1233	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1234	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1235
	1236	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1237
[3146]	1238	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1239	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1240	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) &
	1241	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1242	ENDDO
	1243	ENDIF
	1244	ELSE
	1245	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1246	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1247	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1248
	1249	k = surf%k(m)
	1250
	1251	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1252
	1253	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1254	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1255	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1256	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1257	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1258	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1259	ENDDO
	1260	ELSE
[3146]	1261	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1262	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1263
[2232]	1264	k = surf%k(m)
	1265
	1266	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1267
	1268	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1269	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1270	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[2232]	1271	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1272	ENDDO
	1273	ENDIF
	1274	ENDIF
	1275
[1691]	1276	ENDIF
	1277
[2232]	1278
[1691]	1279	!
	1280	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1281	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1282	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1283
[2232]	1284	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1285
[2232]	1286	i = surf%i(m)
	1287	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1288
[2232]	1289	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1290
[1691]	1291	!
[2232]	1292	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1293	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1294
	1295	!
[2232]	1296	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1297	!-- length have the same sign
	1298	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1299	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1300	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1301	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1302	ENDIF
[1691]	1303	!
[2232]	1304	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1305	iter = 0
	1306	DO
	1307	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1308	!
[2232]	1309	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1310	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1311	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1312	EXIT
	1313	ENDIF
[1691]	1314
[2232]	1315	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1316	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1317	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1318
	1319
[2232]	1320	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1321	!
[2232]	1322	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1323	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1324	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1325	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1326	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1327	ol_m ) &
	1328	) &
	1329	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1330	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1331	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1332	ol_m ) &
	1333	)**2
[1691]	1334
	1335	!
[2232]	1336	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1337	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1338	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1339	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1340	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1341	) &
	1342	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1343	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1344	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1345	)**2 &
	1346	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1347	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1348	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1349	) &
	1350	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1351	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1352	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1353	)**2 &
	1354	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1355	ELSE
[1691]	1356	!
[2232]	1357	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1358	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1359	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1360	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1361	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1362	)**3
[1691]	1363
	1364	!
[2232]	1365	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1366	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1367	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1368	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1369	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1370	)**3 &
	1371	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1372	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1373	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1374	)**3 &
	1375	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1376	ENDIF
[1691]	1377	!
[2232]	1378	!-- Calculate new L
	1379	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1380
	1381	!
[2232]	1382	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1383	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1384	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1385	!
[2232]	1386	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1387	!-- value that is allowed
	1388	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1389	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1390	EXIT
	1391	ENDIF
[1691]	1392	!
[2232]	1393	!-- Check for convergence
	1394	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1395	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1396	EXIT
	1397	ELSE
	1398	CYCLE
	1399	ENDIF
[1691]	1400
	1401	ENDDO
	1402	ENDDO
	1403
	1404	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1405
[2281]	1406	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1407	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1408
[2232]	1409	i = surf%i(m)
	1410	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1411	!
[2232]	1412	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1413	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1414	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1415	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1416
	1417	!
[2232]	1418	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1419	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1420	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1421	!-- correct direction
	1422	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1423	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1424	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1425	li = li-1
	1426	ENDDO
	1427	ELSE
	1428	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1429	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1430	li = li+1
	1431	ENDDO
	1432	ENDIF
	1433	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1434
	1435	!
[2232]	1436	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1437	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1438	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1439	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1440
	1441	ENDDO
	1442
	1443	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1444
[2232]	1445	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1446	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1447	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1448
[2232]	1449	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1450
[3146]	1451	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1452	( kappa * g * &
	1453	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1454	!
	1455	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1456	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1457	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1458	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1459	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1460	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1461	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1462	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1463	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1464
[1691]	1465	ENDDO
[2547]	1466	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1467	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1468	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1469
[2232]	1470	i = surf%i(m)
	1471	j = surf%j(m)
	1472	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1473
[2232]	1474	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1475
	1476
[3146]	1477	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1478	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1479	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1480	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1481	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1482	!
[2232]	1483	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1484	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1485	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1486	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1487	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1488	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1489	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1490	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1491	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1492
[2232]	1493	ENDDO
	1494	ELSE
	1495
[3146]	1496	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1497	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1498
	1499	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1500
[3146]	1501	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1502	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * &
	1503	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * &
[2232]	1504	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1505
	1506	!
	1507	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1508	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1509	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1510	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1511	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1512	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1513	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1514	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1515	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1516
	1517	ENDDO
	1518
	1519	ENDIF
	1520
	1521	ENDIF
	1522
[1691]	1523	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1524
	1525	!
	1526	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1527	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1528
	1529	IMPLICIT NONE
	1530
[2232]	1531	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1532
[2232]	1533	!
	1534	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1535	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1536	!
	1537	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1538	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1539	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1540	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1541
[2232]	1542	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1543	!
[2232]	1544	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1545	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1546	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1547	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1548	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1549
	1550	ENDDO
	1551	!
	1552	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1553	!-- any stability.
	1554	ELSE
[2281]	1555	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1556	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1557
	1558	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1559	!
	1560	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1561	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1562
	1563	ENDDO
	1564	ENDIF
	1565	!
	1566	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1567	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1568	ELSE
	1569	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1570	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1571	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1572
	1573	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1574	ENDDO
[2232]	1575	ENDIF
[1691]	1576
	1577	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1578
	1579	!
[3146]	1580	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1581	!-- temperature at first grid level
[2232]	1582	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
[1691]	1583	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1584
	1585	IMPLICIT NONE
	1586
[2232]	1587	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1588
	1589	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1590	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1591
	1592	i = surf%i(m)
	1593	j = surf%j(m)
	1594	k = surf%k(m)
	1595
[2547]	1596	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1597	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1598	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1599	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
	1600	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1601	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1602	ELSE
	1603	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1604	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1605	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1606	ELSE
	1607	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1608	ENDIF
[2547]	1609	ENDIF
[2232]	1610
[3146]	1611	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1612	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1613	ENDIF
	1614
[1691]	1615	ENDDO
	1616
	1617	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1618
[2696]	1619
[1691]	1620	!
[3152]	1621	!-- Set potential temperature at surface grid level.
[2696]	1622	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1623	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1624
	1625	IMPLICIT NONE
	1626
[3146]	1627	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1629
[3146]	1630	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1631	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1632	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1633
	1634	i = surf%i(m)
	1635	j = surf%j(m)
	1636	k = surf%k(m)
	1637
[3146]	1638	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1639
	1640	ENDDO
	1641
	1642	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1643
	1644	!
[3152]	1645	!-- Set mixing ratio at surface grid level. ( Only for upward-facing surfs. )
	1646	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1647
	1648	IMPLICIT NONE
	1649
	1650	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1651	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1652
	1653	k_off = surf%koff
	1654	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1655	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1656
	1657	i = surf%i(m)
	1658	j = surf%j(m)
	1659	k = surf%k(m)
	1660
	1661	surf%q_surface(m) = q(k+k_off,j,i)
	1662
	1663	ENDDO
	1664
	1665	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1666
	1667	!
	1668	!-- Set virtual potential temperature at surface grid level.
[3146]	1669	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1670	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1671
	1672	IMPLICIT NONE
	1673
	1674	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1675	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1676
	1677	k_off = surf%koff
	1678	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1679	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1680
	1681	i = surf%i(m)
	1682	j = surf%j(m)
	1683	k = surf%k(m)
	1684
	1685	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1686
	1687	ENDDO
	1688
	1689	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1690
	1691	!
[2292]	1692	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1693	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1694
	1695	IMPLICIT NONE
	1696
[2232]	1697
	1698	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1699	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1700	!
[2232]	1701	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1702	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1703	!
	1704	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1705
	1706	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1707	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1708
	1709	i = surf%i(m)
	1710	j = surf%j(m)
	1711	k = surf%k(m)
	1712
	1713	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1714	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1715
[1691]	1716	!
[2232]	1717	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1718	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1719	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1720	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1721
[1691]	1722	ENDDO
	1723
[2232]	1724	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1725	!
	1726	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1727	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1728
	1729	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1730	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1731	i = surf%i(m)
	1732	j = surf%j(m)
	1733	k = surf%k(m)
	1734
	1735	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1736	ENDDO
	1737	ENDIF
	1738
[2696]	1739	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1740	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1741
[2696]	1742	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1743
[2696]	1744	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1745	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1746	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1747	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1748
[2696]	1749	ENDDO
[2232]	1750
	1751	ENDIF
	1752	!
	1753	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1754	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1755	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1756	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1757	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1758
	1759	i = surf%i(m)
	1760	j = surf%j(m)
	1761	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1762	!
	1763	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1764	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1765	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1766	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1767
[1691]	1768	ENDDO
	1769	ENDIF
	1770
	1771	!
[2232]	1772	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1773	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1774	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1775	!
[1788]	1776	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1777	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1778	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1779
	1780	i = surf%i(m)
	1781	j = surf%j(m)
	1782	k = surf%k(m)
	1783	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1784	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1785
[1691]	1786	ENDDO
	1787
[2232]	1788	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1789	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1790	run_coupled )
	1791
[1788]	1792	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1793	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1794	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1795
	1796	i = surf%i(m)
	1797	j = surf%j(m)
	1798	k = surf%k(m)
	1799	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1800
[1691]	1801	ENDDO
	1802	ENDIF
	1803
	1804	!
[2232]	1805	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1806	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1807	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1808	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1809	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1810	i = surf%i(m)
	1811	j = surf%j(m)
	1812	k = surf%k(m)
	1813	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1814	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1815	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1816	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1817	ENDDO
	1818	ENDIF
[1691]	1819
[2547]	1820	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1821	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1822	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1823
[2232]	1824	i = surf%i(m)
	1825	j = surf%j(m)
	1826	k = surf%k(m)
	1827
	1828	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1829
[3152]	1830	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - surf%q_surface(m) ) &
[2232]	1831	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1832	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1833	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1834	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1835	ENDDO
[2232]	1836	ELSE
	1837	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1838	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1839
	1840	i = surf%i(m)
	1841	j = surf%j(m)
	1842	k = surf%k(m)
	1843
	1844	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1845
	1846	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1847	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1848	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1849	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1850	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1851	ENDDO
	1852	ENDIF
	1853	ENDIF
	1854	!
	1855	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1856	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1857	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1858	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1859
	1860	i = surf%i(m)
	1861	j = surf%j(m)
	1862	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1863
[1691]	1864	ENDDO
	1865	ENDIF
	1866	ENDIF
[1960]	1867
	1868	!
	1869	!-- If required compute s*
	1870	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1871	!
[2232]	1872	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1873	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1874	!
	1875	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1876	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1877	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1878	i = surf%i(m)
	1879	j = surf%j(m)
	1880	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1881	ENDDO
	1882	ENDIF
[2232]	1883	!
	1884	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1885	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1886	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1887	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1888	i = surf%i(m)
	1889	j = surf%j(m)
	1890	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1891	ENDDO
	1892	ENDIF
[1960]	1893	ENDIF
[1691]	1894
[2292]	1895	!
[2696]	1896	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1897	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1898	!
	1899	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1900	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1901	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1902	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1903	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1904	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1905	i = surf%i(m)
	1906	j = surf%j(m)
	1907	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1908	ENDDO
	1909	ENDIF
	1910	ENDDO
	1911	!
	1912	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1913	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1914	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1915	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1916	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1917	i = surf%i(m)
	1918	j = surf%j(m)
	1919	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1920	ENDDO
	1921	ENDDO
	1922	ENDIF
	1923	ENDIF
	1924
	1925	!
[2292]	1926	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
	1927	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1928	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1929	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1930	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1931
[2292]	1932	i = surf%i(m)
	1933	j = surf%j(m)
	1934	k = surf%k(m)
	1935
	1936	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1937
	1938	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1939	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1940	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1941	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1942
	1943	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1944	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1945	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1946	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1947	ENDDO
	1948
	1949	ENDIF
	1950
[1691]	1951	!
	1952	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[2232]	1953	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
	1954	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1955	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1956	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1957
[2232]	1958	i = surf%i(m)
	1959	j = surf%j(m)
	1960	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1961
[2232]	1962	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1963
[2232]	1964	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1965	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1966	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1967	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1968
[2232]	1969	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1970	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1971	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1972	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1973	ENDDO
	1974
	1975	ENDIF
	1976
	1977	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1978
	1979
	1980
	1981	!
[2292]	1982	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1983	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1984
	1985	IMPLICIT NONE
	1986
[2696]	1987	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1988	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1989
[2232]	1990	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1991	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1992	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1993	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1994	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1995	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1996
	1997	!
[2232]	1998	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1999	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	2000	!
	2001	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	2002	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2003	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2004	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2005	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2006
	2007	i = surf%i(m)
	2008	j = surf%j(m)
	2009	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2010
[2232]	2011	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2012
[2232]	2013	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2014	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2015	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2016	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	2017	!
	2018	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2019	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	2020	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2021	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2022	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2023	!-- tests had shown.
	2024	!-- Same also for ol.
	2025	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2026
[2232]	2027	ENDDO
[1691]	2028	!
[2232]	2029	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	2030	ELSE
	2031	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2032	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2033
	2034	i = surf%i(m)
	2035	j = surf%j(m)
	2036	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2037
[2232]	2038	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2039
	2040	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2041	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	2042
[2232]	2043	ENDDO
	2044	ENDIF
[1691]	2045
[2232]	2046	!
	2047	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	2048	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2049	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	2050	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2051	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2052	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2053	i = surf%i(m)
	2054	j = surf%j(m)
	2055	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2056
[2232]	2057	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2058
[2232]	2059	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2060	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2061	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2062	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	2063	!
[2232]	2064	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2065	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	2066	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2067	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2068	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2069	!-- tests had shown.
	2070	!-- Same also for ol.
	2071	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2072	ENDDO
	2073	!
	2074	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	2075	ELSE
	2076	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2077	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2078	i = surf%i(m)
	2079	j = surf%j(m)
	2080	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2081
[2232]	2082	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2083
	2084	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2085	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2086	ENDDO
	2087	ENDIF
[1691]	2088	!
[2232]	2089	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2090	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2091	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2092	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2093	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2094	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2095	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2096	i = surf%i(m)
	2097	j = surf%j(m)
	2098	k = surf%k(m)
	2099	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2100	ENDDO
[2232]	2101	ENDIF
	2102	!
	2103	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2104	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2105	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2106	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2107	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2108	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2109	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2110	i = surf%i(m)
	2111	j = surf%j(m)
	2112	k = surf%k(m)
	2113	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2114	ENDDO
	2115	ENDIF
	2116	!
	2117	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2118	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2119	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2120	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2121	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2122
[2232]	2123	i = surf%i(m)
	2124	j = surf%j(m)
	2125	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2126
[2232]	2127	ENDDO
[2292]	2128	ENDIF
[1691]	2129	!
[2696]	2130	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2131	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2132	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2133	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2134	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2135	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2136	i = surf%i(m)
	2137	j = surf%j(m)
	2138	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2139	ENDDO
	2140	ENDIF
	2141	ENDDO
	2142
	2143	!
[2292]	2144	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
	2145	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	2146	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2147	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2148	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2149
	2150	i = surf%i(m)
	2151	j = surf%j(m)
	2152
	2153	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2154	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2155	ENDDO
	2156	ENDIF
	2157	!
[2232]	2158	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[2292]	2159	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2160	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2161	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2162	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2163
	2164	i = surf%i(m)
	2165	j = surf%j(m)
	2166
	2167	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2168	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2169	ENDDO
[2232]	2170	ENDIF
[1691]	2171
[1960]	2172	!
[2232]	2173	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2174	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2175	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2176	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2177
	2178	i = surf%i(m)
	2179	j = surf%j(m)
	2180	k = surf%k(m)
	2181
	2182	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2183	!
	2184	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2185	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2186	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2187
[1960]	2188	ENDDO
[2232]	2189	ENDIF
	2190	!
	2191	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2192	ELSE
	2193	!
	2194	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2195	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2196	!
	2197	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2198	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2199	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2200	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2201	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2202	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2203	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2204	i = surf%i(m)
	2205	j = surf%j(m)
	2206	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2207
[2232]	2208	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2209
[2232]	2210	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2211	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2212	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2213
	2214	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2215	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2216	ENDDO
	2217	ENDIF
[1691]	2218	!
[2232]	2219	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2220	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2221	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2222	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2223	i = surf%i(m)
	2224	j = surf%j(m)
	2225	k = surf%k(m)
	2226
	2227	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2228
	2229	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2230
	2231	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2232	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2233	ENDDO
[2232]	2234	ENDIF
	2235	!
	2236	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2237	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2238	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2239	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2240	!--
	2241	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2242	!
	2243	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2244	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2245	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2246	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2247
[2232]	2248	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2249	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2250	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2251	i = surf%i(m)
	2252	j = surf%j(m)
	2253	k = surf%k(m)
	2254
	2255	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2256	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2257	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2258	ENDDO
	2259	ELSE
	2260	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2261	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2262	i = surf%i(m)
	2263	j = surf%j(m)
	2264	k = surf%k(m)
	2265
	2266	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2267	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2268	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2269	ENDDO
	2270	ENDIF
	2271
[2281]	2272	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2273	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2274	i = surf%i(m)
	2275	j = surf%j(m)
	2276
	2277	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2278
	2279	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2280	!
[2232]	2281	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2282	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2283	!
[2232]	2284	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2285	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2286
	2287	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2288	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2289	ENDDO
[2232]	2290	!
	2291	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2292	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2293	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2294	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2295	ENDIF
[1691]	2296	ENDIF
	2297
	2298	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2299
	2300
	2301	!
	2302	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2303	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2304
	2305	USE kinds
	2306
	2307	IMPLICIT NONE
	2308
	2309	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2310	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2311	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2312
	2313	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2314	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2315	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2316	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2317	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2318	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2319
	2320
	2321	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2322	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2323	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2324	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2325	ELSE
	2326
	2327	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2328	- bc_d_d
	2329	!
	2330	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2331	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2332
	2333	ENDIF
	2334
	2335	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2336
	2337
	2338	!
	2339	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2340	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2341
	2342	USE kinds
	2343
	2344	IMPLICIT NONE
	2345
	2346	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2347	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2348	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2349
	2350	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2351	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2352	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2353	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2354	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2355	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2356
	2357
	2358	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2359	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2360	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2361	ELSE
	2362	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2363	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2364	+ 1.0_wp
	2365	!
	2366	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2367	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2368	ENDIF
	2369
	2370	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2371
[3130]	2372
	2373	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2374	! Description:
	2375	! ------------
	2376	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2377	!>
	2378	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2379	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2380	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
	2381
	2382	IMPLICIT NONE
	2383
	2384	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2385	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2386
	2387	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2388	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2389
	2390	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2391	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2392	ELSE
	2393	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2394	ENDIF
	2395
	2396	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2397
[1697]	2398	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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