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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3156

Last change on this file since 3156 was 3152, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Further adjustments for surface structure
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 85.8 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3147]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3152 2018-07-19 13:26:52Z knoop $
[3152]	28	! q_surface is now part of surface structure
	29	!
	30	! 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga
[3149]	31	! Correct accidental last commit
	32	!
	33	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	34	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	35	!
	36	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	37	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	38	!
	39	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	40	! Error message revised
	41	!
	42	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	43	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	44	!
	45	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	46	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	47	!
	48	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	49	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	50	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	51	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	52	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	53	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	54	!
	55	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	56	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	57	!
	58	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	59	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	60	!
	61	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	62	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	63	!
	64	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	65	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	66	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	67	! and cloud water content (qc).
	68	!
	69	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	70	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	71	!
	72	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	73	!
[2233]	74	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	75	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	76	! OpenMP bugfix
	77	!
[2119]	78	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	79	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	80	!
[2092]	81	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	82	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	83	!
[2077]	84	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	85	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	86	!
[2074]	87	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	88	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	89	!
[2038]	90	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	91	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	92	!
[2012]	93	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	94	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	95	!
[2008]	96	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	97	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	98	!
[2001]	99	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	100	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	101	!
[1993]	102	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	103	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	104	!
[1961]	105	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	106	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	107	!
[1930]	108	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	109	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	110	! completely surrounded by topography
	111	!
[1921]	112	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	113	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	114	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	115	!
[1916]	116	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	117	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	118	! timestep
	119	!
[1851]	120	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	121	! Module renamed
	122	!
	123	!
[1823]	124	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	125	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	126	!
[1789]	127	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	128	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	129	! humidity.
	130	! Syntax layout improved.
	131	!
[1758]	132	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	133	! Minor fixes.
	134	!
[1750]	135	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	136	! further OpenACC adjustments
	137	!
[1748]	138	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	139	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	140	!
[1710]	141	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	142	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	143	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	144	! neutral = .T.
	145	!
[1706]	146	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	147	! Typo removed
	148	!
[1698]	149	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	150	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	151	!
[1697]	152	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	153	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	154	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	155	! updated description.
	156	!
	157	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	158	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	159	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	160	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	161	! directly prescribed by the user.
	162	!
	163	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	164	! Adapted for land surface model
	165	!
	166	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	167	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	168	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	169	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	170	!
	171	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	172	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	173	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	174	!
	175	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	176	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	177	!
	178	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	179	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	180	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	181	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	182	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	183	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	184	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	185	! all variable declaration statements
	186	!
	187	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	188	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	189	!
	190	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	191	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	192	!
	193	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	194	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	195	!
	196	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	197	! OpenACC statements added
	198	!
	199	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	200	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	201	!
	202	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	203	! Initial revision
	204	!
	205	!
	206	! Description:
	207	! ------------
	208	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	209	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	210	!> available:
	211	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	212	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	213	!> slower
	214	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	215	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	216	!>
	217	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	218	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	219	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	220	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	221	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	222
	223	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	224	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
	225	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw
[1691]	226
[2696]	227	USE chem_modules, &
	228	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	229
[1691]	230	USE cloud_parameters, &
	231	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	232
	233	USE constants, &
	234	ONLY: pi
	235
	236	USE cpulog
	237
	238	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	239	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, cloud_physics, &
	240	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	241	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	242	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
[2232]	243	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	244	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[2292]	245	message_string, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, &
	246	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	247	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[2299]	248	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	249
[2232]	250	USE grid_variables, &
	251	ONLY: dx, dy
	252
[1691]	253	USE indices, &
[2232]	254	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	255
	256	USE kinds
	257
	258	USE pegrid
	259
	260	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	261	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	262
[2232]	263	USE surface_mod, &
	264	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	265	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	266
[1691]	267
	268	IMPLICIT NONE
	269
[1992]	270	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	271	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	272	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	273	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	274	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	275
[2232]	276	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	277
[2232]	278	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	279	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	280	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	281	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	282	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	283	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	284
	285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	286	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	287
	288	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	289	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	290	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	291	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	292	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	293
[2232]	294	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	295
[2232]	296
[1691]	297	SAVE
	298
	299	PRIVATE
	300
[3130]	301	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	302
	303	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	304	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	305	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	306
[3130]	307	INTERFACE phi_m
	308	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	309	END INTERFACE phi_m
	310
[1691]	311	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	312	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	313	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	314
	315
	316	CONTAINS
	317
	318
	319	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	320	! Description:
	321	! ------------
	322	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	323	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	324	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	325
	326	IMPLICIT NONE
	327
[2232]	328	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	329	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	330	!
[2696]	331	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	332	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	333	!
[2696]	334	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	335	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	336	DO l = 0, 1
	337	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	338	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	339	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	340	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	341	CALL calc_pt_surface
	342	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3152]	343	CALL calc_q_surface
[3146]	344	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	345	ENDIF
	346	ENDIF
[2696]	347	ENDIF
	348	ENDDO
[2232]	349	!
[2696]	350	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	351	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	352	surf => surf_lsm_h
	353	CALL calc_pt_q
	354	ENDIF
	355
	356	!
	357	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	358	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	359	surf => surf_usm_h
	360	CALL calc_pt_q
	361	ENDIF
	362
	363	!
	364	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	365	DO l = 0, 3
	366	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	367	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	368	CALL calc_pt_q
	369	ENDIF
[2696]	370
[3146]	371	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	372	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	373	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	374	CALL calc_pt_q
	375	ENDIF
[2696]	376	ENDDO
[1691]	377
	378	!
	379	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	380	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	381	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	382	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	383	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	384
	385	!
	386	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	387	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	388	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	389	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	390	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	391	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	392	!
	393	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	394	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	395	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	396	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	397	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	398	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	399	CALL calc_us
	400	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	401	ENDIF
	402	!
[2232]	403	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	404	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	405	surf => surf_lsm_h
	406	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	407	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	408	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	409	CALL calc_us
	410	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	411	ENDIF
	412	!
	413	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	414	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	415	surf => surf_usm_h
	416	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	417	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	418	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	419	CALL calc_us
	420	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	421	ENDIF
	422	!
[1691]	423	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	424	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	425	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	426	!
	427	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	428	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	429	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	430	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	431	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	432	CALL calc_us
	433	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	434	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	435	ENDIF
[2232]	436	!
	437	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	438	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	439	surf => surf_lsm_h
	440	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	441	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	442	CALL calc_us
	443	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	444	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	445	ENDIF
	446	!
	447	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	448	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	449	surf => surf_usm_h
	450	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	451	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	452	CALL calc_us
	453	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	454	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	455	ENDIF
[1691]	456
[2232]	457	ENDIF
	458	!
	459	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	460	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	461	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	462	!-- most_method is required.
	463	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	464	downward = .TRUE.
	465	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	466	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	467	CALL calc_us
	468	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	469	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	470	ENDIF
[2232]	471	!
	472	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	473	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	474	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	475	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	476	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	477	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	478	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	479	!
	480	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	481	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	482	!-- For default-type surfaces
	483	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	484	DO l = 0, 1
	485	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	486	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	487	!
	488	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	489	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	490	!
	491	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	492	CALL calc_us
	493	!
	494	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	495	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	496	ENDIF
	497	ENDDO
	498	!
	499	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	500	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	501	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	502	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	503	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	504	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	505	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	506	DO l = 0, 1
	507	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	508	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	509	!
	510	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	511	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	512	!
	513	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	514	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	515	!
	516	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	517	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	518	!
	519	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	520	CALL calc_us
	521	!
	522	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	523	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	524	ENDIF
	525	ENDDO
	526	ELSE
	527	DO l = 0, 1
	528	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	529	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	530	!
	531	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	532	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	533	!
	534	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	535	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	536	!
	537	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	538	CALL calc_us
	539	!
	540	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	541	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	542	!
	543	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	544	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	545	ENDIF
	546	ENDDO
	547	ENDIF
	548	!
	549	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	550	!-- to be computed.
	551	ELSE
	552	DO l = 0, 1
	553	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	554	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	555	!
	556	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	557	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	558	!
	559	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	560	CALL calc_us
	561	!
	562	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	563	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	564	ENDIF
	565	ENDDO
	566	ENDIF
	567	!
	568	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	569	DO l = 0, 1
	570	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	571	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	572	!
	573	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	574	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	575	!
	576	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	577	CALL calc_us
	578	!
	579	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	580	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	581	ENDIF
	582	ENDDO
	583	!
	584	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	585	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	586	!-- For default-type surfaces
	587	DO l = 2, 3
	588	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	589	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	590	!
	591	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	592	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	593	!
	594	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	595	CALL calc_us
	596	!
	597	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	598	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	599	ENDIF
	600	ENDDO
	601	!
	602	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	603	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	604	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	605	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	606	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	607	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	608	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	609	DO l = 2, 3
	610	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	611	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	612	!
	613	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	614	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	615	!
	616	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	617	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	618	!
	619	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	620	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	621	!
	622	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	623	CALL calc_us
	624	!
	625	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	626	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	627	ENDIF
	628	ENDDO
	629	ELSE
	630	DO l = 2, 3
	631	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	632	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	633	!
	634	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	635	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	636	!
	637	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	638	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	639	!
	640	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	641	CALL calc_us
	642	!
	643	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	644	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	645	!
	646	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	647	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	648	ENDIF
	649	ENDDO
	650	ENDIF
	651	ELSE
	652	DO l = 2, 3
	653	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	654	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	655	!
	656	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	657	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	658	!
	659	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	660	CALL calc_us
	661	!
	662	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	663	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	664	ENDIF
	665	ENDDO
	666	ENDIF
	667	!
	668	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	669	DO l = 2, 3
	670	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	671	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	672	!
	673	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	674	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	675	!
	676	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	677	CALL calc_us
	678	!
	679	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	680	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	681	ENDIF
	682	ENDDO
	683	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	684	!
	685	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	686	!-- surfaces.
	687	mom_w = .TRUE.
	688	!
	689	!-- Default-type surfaces
	690	DO l = 0, 3
	691	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	692	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	693	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	694	CALL calc_us
	695	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	696	ENDIF
	697	ENDDO
	698	!
	699	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	700	DO l = 0, 3
	701	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	702	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	703	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	704	CALL calc_us
	705	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	706	ENDIF
	707	ENDDO
	708	!
	709	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	710	DO l = 0, 3
	711	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	712	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	713	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	714	CALL calc_us
	715	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	716	ENDIF
	717	ENDDO
	718	mom_w = .FALSE.
	719	!
	720	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	721	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	722	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	723	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	724	!
	725	!-- Default-type surfaces
	726	DO l = 0, 3
	727	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	728	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	729	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	730	CALL calc_us
	731	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	732	ENDIF
	733	ENDDO
	734	!
	735	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	736	DO l = 0, 3
	737	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	738	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	739	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	740	CALL calc_us
	741	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	742	ENDIF
	743	ENDDO
	744	!
	745	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	746	DO l = 0, 3
	747	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	748	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	749	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	750	CALL calc_us
	751	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	752	ENDIF
	753	ENDDO
	754	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	755
[1691]	756
	757	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	758
	759
	760	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	761	! Description:
	762	! ------------
	763	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	764	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	765	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	766	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	767	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	768
	769	IMPLICIT NONE
	770
[2232]	771	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	772	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	773
	774	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	775
	776	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	777
	778	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	779
	780
	781	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	782	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	783	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	784	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	785	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	786
	787
[1709]	788
[2232]	789
[1709]	790	!
	791	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	792	!-- large value
[2232]	793	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	794	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	795	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	796	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	797	ENDIF
[1709]	798
[1691]	799	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	800
	801	!
	802	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	803	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	804	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	805	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	806	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	807	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	808	ENDIF
[1691]	809	ENDIF
[2232]	810	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	811	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	812	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	813	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	814	ENDIF
	815	ENDIF
	816	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	817	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	818	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	819	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	820	ENDIF
	821	ENDIF
	822	!
	823	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	824	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	825	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	826	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	827	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	828	ENDIF
	829	ENDIF
	830	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	831	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	832	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	833	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	834	ENDIF
	835	ENDIF
	836	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	837	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	838	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	839	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	840	ENDIF
	841	ENDIF
[1691]	842
[2232]	843
[1691]	844	#if defined( __parallel )
	845	!
	846	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	847	!-- is TRUE
	848	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	849	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	850	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	851	#else
	852	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	853	#endif
	854
	855	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	856	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	857	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	858	'heterogeneity'
[3045]	859	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0116', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1691]	860	ENDIF
	861
	862	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	863
	864	!
	865	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	866	k = nzb
[1691]	867	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	868
	869	!
	870	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	871	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	872	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	873	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	874	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	875	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	876	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	877
[2232]	878	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	879	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	880	ENDDO
	881
	882	!
	883	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	884	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	885	regr_old = regr
	886	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	887	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	888	ENDDO
	889
	890	!
	891	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	892	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	893	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	894	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	895	ENDDO
	896
	897	!
[1757]	898	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	899	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	900	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	901	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	902	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	903	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	904	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	905	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	906	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	907	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	908	ENDIF
[1691]	909	!
	910	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	911	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	912	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	913	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	914	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	915	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	916	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	917	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	918	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	919	)**3
	920	ENDDO
	921	ELSE
[2232]	922	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	923	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	924	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	925	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	926	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	927	) &
	928	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	929	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	930	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	931	)**2
	932	ENDDO
	933	ENDIF
	934
	935	!
	936	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	937	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	938	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	939	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	940
	941	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	942	ENDIF
	943
	944	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	945
	946
	947	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	948	! Description:
	949	! ------------
[1709]	950	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	951	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	952	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	953	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	954
	955	IMPLICIT NONE
	956
[2232]	957	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	958	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	959	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	960	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	961	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	962
[2232]	963	!
	964	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	965	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	966
[2232]	967	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	968
[2232]	969	i = surf%i(m)
	970	j = surf%j(m)
	971	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	972	!
[2232]	973	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	974	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	975	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	976	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	977	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	978	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	979	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	980	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	981	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	982	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	983	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	984	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	985	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	986	) * ibit &
	987	) &
	988	)**2 + &
	989	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	990	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	991	) * ibit &
	992	) &
[3149]	993	)**2 &
[2232]	994	)
	995
[3148]	996
	997
[1691]	998	ENDDO
	999
[2232]	1000	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	1001
	1002
	1003	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1004	! Description:
	1005	! ------------
	1006	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1007	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1009	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1010
	1011	IMPLICIT NONE
	1012
	1013	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1014	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1015	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1016	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1017
	1018	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1019	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1020
	1021
	1022	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1023	i = surf%i(m)
	1024	j = surf%j(m)
	1025	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1026	!
[2232]	1027	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1028	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1029	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1030	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1031
[2232]	1032	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1033
[2232]	1034	ENDDO
[1709]	1035
[2232]	1036	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1037
[1709]	1038	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1039	! Description:
	1040	! ------------
[2232]	1041	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1042	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1043	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1044	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1045
	1046	IMPLICIT NONE
	1047
	1048	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1049	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1051	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1052
	1053	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1054	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1055
	1056
	1057	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1058	i = surf%i(m)
	1059	j = surf%j(m)
	1060	k = surf%k(m)
	1061
	1062	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1063	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1064	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1065
	1066	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1067
	1068	ENDDO
	1069
	1070	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1071
	1072	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1073	! Description:
	1074	! ------------
	1075	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1076	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1077	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1078	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1079
	1080	IMPLICIT NONE
	1081
	1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1084	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1085	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1086
	1087	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1088	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1089	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1090	!
	1091	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1092	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1093	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1094	i = surf%i(m)
	1095	j = surf%j(m)
	1096	k = surf%k(m)
	1097
	1098	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1099	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1100	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1101	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1102
	1103	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1104	ENDDO
	1105	!
	1106	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1107	ELSE
	1108	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1109	i = surf%i(m)
	1110	j = surf%j(m)
	1111	k = surf%k(m)
	1112
	1113	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1114	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1115	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1116	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1117
	1118	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1119	ENDDO
	1120	ENDIF
	1121
	1122	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1123
	1124	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1125	! Description:
	1126	! ------------
	1127	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1128	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1129	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1130	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1131
	1132	IMPLICIT NONE
	1133
	1134	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1135	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1136	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1137	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1138
	1139	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1140	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1141	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1142
	1143	!
	1144	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1145	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1146	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1147	i = surf%i(m)
	1148	j = surf%j(m)
	1149	k = surf%k(m)
	1150
	1151	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1152	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1153	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1154
	1155	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1156	ENDDO
	1157	!
	1158	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1159	ELSE
	1160	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1161	i = surf%i(m)
	1162	j = surf%j(m)
	1163	k = surf%k(m)
	1164
	1165	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1166	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1167	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1168
	1169	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1170	ENDDO
	1171	ENDIF
	1172
	1173	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1174
	1175
	1176	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1177	! Description:
	1178	! ------------
[1709]	1179	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1180	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1181	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1182
	1183	IMPLICIT NONE
	1184
[2232]	1185	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1186	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1187	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1188
	1189	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1190	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1191	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1192	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1193	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1194	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1195
[1691]	1196	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1197	!
	1198	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1199	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1200	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1201	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1202	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1203	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1204
[2232]	1205	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1206
[3146]	1207	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1208	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1209	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1210	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1211	ENDDO
	1212	ELSE
[3146]	1213	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1214	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1215
	1216	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1217
[3146]	1218	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1219	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1220	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) &
	1221	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1222	ENDDO
	1223	ENDIF
	1224	ELSE
	1225	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1226	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1227	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1228
	1229	k = surf%k(m)
	1230
	1231	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1232
	1233	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1234	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1235	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1236	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1237	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1238	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1239	ENDDO
	1240	ELSE
[3146]	1241	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1242	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1243
[2232]	1244	k = surf%k(m)
	1245
	1246	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1247
	1248	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1249	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1250	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[2232]	1251	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1252	ENDDO
	1253	ENDIF
	1254	ENDIF
	1255
[1691]	1256	ENDIF
	1257
[2232]	1258
[1691]	1259	!
	1260	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1261	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1262	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1263
[2232]	1264	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1265
[2232]	1266	i = surf%i(m)
	1267	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1268
[2232]	1269	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1270
[1691]	1271	!
[2232]	1272	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1273	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1274
	1275	!
[2232]	1276	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1277	!-- length have the same sign
	1278	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1279	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1280	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1281	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1282	ENDIF
[1691]	1283	!
[2232]	1284	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1285	iter = 0
	1286	DO
	1287	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1288	!
[2232]	1289	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1290	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1291	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1292	EXIT
	1293	ENDIF
[1691]	1294
[2232]	1295	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1296	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1297	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1298
	1299
[2232]	1300	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1301	!
[2232]	1302	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1303	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1304	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1305	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1306	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1307	ol_m ) &
	1308	) &
	1309	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1310	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1311	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1312	ol_m ) &
	1313	)**2
[1691]	1314
	1315	!
[2232]	1316	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1317	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1318	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1319	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1320	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1321	) &
	1322	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1323	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1324	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1325	)**2 &
	1326	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1327	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1328	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1329	) &
	1330	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1331	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1332	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1333	)**2 &
	1334	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1335	ELSE
[1691]	1336	!
[2232]	1337	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1338	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1339	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1340	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1341	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1342	)**3
[1691]	1343
	1344	!
[2232]	1345	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1346	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1347	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1348	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1349	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1350	)**3 &
	1351	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1352	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1353	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1354	)**3 &
	1355	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1356	ENDIF
[1691]	1357	!
[2232]	1358	!-- Calculate new L
	1359	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1360
	1361	!
[2232]	1362	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1363	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1364	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1365	!
[2232]	1366	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1367	!-- value that is allowed
	1368	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1369	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1370	EXIT
	1371	ENDIF
[1691]	1372	!
[2232]	1373	!-- Check for convergence
	1374	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1375	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1376	EXIT
	1377	ELSE
	1378	CYCLE
	1379	ENDIF
[1691]	1380
	1381	ENDDO
	1382	ENDDO
	1383
	1384	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1385
[2281]	1386	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1387	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1388
[2232]	1389	i = surf%i(m)
	1390	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1391	!
[2232]	1392	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1393	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1394	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1395	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1396
	1397	!
[2232]	1398	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1399	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1400	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1401	!-- correct direction
	1402	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1403	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1404	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1405	li = li-1
	1406	ENDDO
	1407	ELSE
	1408	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1409	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1410	li = li+1
	1411	ENDDO
	1412	ENDIF
	1413	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1414
	1415	!
[2232]	1416	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1417	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1418	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1419	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1420
	1421	ENDDO
	1422
	1423	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1424
[2232]	1425	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1426	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1427	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1428
[2232]	1429	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1430
[3146]	1431	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1432	( kappa * g * &
	1433	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1434	!
	1435	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1436	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1437	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1438	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1439	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1440	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1441	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1442	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1443	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1444
[1691]	1445	ENDDO
[2547]	1446	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1447	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1448	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1449
[2232]	1450	i = surf%i(m)
	1451	j = surf%j(m)
	1452	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1453
[2232]	1454	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1455
	1456
[3146]	1457	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1458	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1459	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1460	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1461	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1462	!
[2232]	1463	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1464	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1465	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1466	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1467	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1468	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1469	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1470	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1471	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1472
[2232]	1473	ENDDO
	1474	ELSE
	1475
[3146]	1476	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1477	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1478
	1479	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1480
[3146]	1481	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1482	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * &
	1483	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * &
[2232]	1484	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1485
	1486	!
	1487	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1488	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1489	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1490	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1491	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1492	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1493	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1494	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1495	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1496
	1497	ENDDO
	1498
	1499	ENDIF
	1500
	1501	ENDIF
	1502
[1691]	1503	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1504
	1505	!
	1506	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1507	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1508
	1509	IMPLICIT NONE
	1510
[2232]	1511	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1512
[2232]	1513	!
	1514	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1515	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1516	!
	1517	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1518	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1519	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1520	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1521
[2232]	1522	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1523	!
[2232]	1524	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1525	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1526	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1527	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1528	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1529
	1530	ENDDO
	1531	!
	1532	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1533	!-- any stability.
	1534	ELSE
[2281]	1535	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1536	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1537
	1538	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1539	!
	1540	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1541	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1542
	1543	ENDDO
	1544	ENDIF
	1545	!
	1546	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1547	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1548	ELSE
	1549	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1550	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1551	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1552
	1553	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1554	ENDDO
[2232]	1555	ENDIF
[1691]	1556
	1557	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1558
	1559	!
[3146]	1560	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1561	!-- temperature at first grid level
[2232]	1562	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
[1691]	1563	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1564
	1565	IMPLICIT NONE
	1566
[2232]	1567	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1568
	1569	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1570	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1571
	1572	i = surf%i(m)
	1573	j = surf%j(m)
	1574	k = surf%k(m)
	1575
[2547]	1576	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1577	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1578	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1579	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
	1580	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1581	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1582	ELSE
	1583	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1584	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1585	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1586	ELSE
	1587	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1588	ENDIF
[2547]	1589	ENDIF
[2232]	1590
[3146]	1591	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1592	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1593	ENDIF
	1594
[1691]	1595	ENDDO
	1596
	1597	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1598
[2696]	1599
[1691]	1600	!
[3152]	1601	!-- Set potential temperature at surface grid level.
[2696]	1602	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1603	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1604
	1605	IMPLICIT NONE
	1606
[3146]	1607	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1608	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1609
[3146]	1610	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1611	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1612	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1613
	1614	i = surf%i(m)
	1615	j = surf%j(m)
	1616	k = surf%k(m)
	1617
[3146]	1618	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1619
	1620	ENDDO
	1621
	1622	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1623
	1624	!
[3152]	1625	!-- Set mixing ratio at surface grid level. ( Only for upward-facing surfs. )
	1626	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1627
	1628	IMPLICIT NONE
	1629
	1630	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1631	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1632
	1633	k_off = surf%koff
	1634	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1635	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1636
	1637	i = surf%i(m)
	1638	j = surf%j(m)
	1639	k = surf%k(m)
	1640
	1641	surf%q_surface(m) = q(k+k_off,j,i)
	1642
	1643	ENDDO
	1644
	1645	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
	1646
	1647	!
	1648	!-- Set virtual potential temperature at surface grid level.
[3146]	1649	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1650	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1651
	1652	IMPLICIT NONE
	1653
	1654	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1655	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1656
	1657	k_off = surf%koff
	1658	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1659	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1660
	1661	i = surf%i(m)
	1662	j = surf%j(m)
	1663	k = surf%k(m)
	1664
	1665	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1666
	1667	ENDDO
	1668
	1669	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1670
	1671	!
[2292]	1672	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1673	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1674
	1675	IMPLICIT NONE
	1676
[2232]	1677
	1678	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1679	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1680	!
[2232]	1681	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1682	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1683	!
	1684	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1685
	1686	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1687	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1688
	1689	i = surf%i(m)
	1690	j = surf%j(m)
	1691	k = surf%k(m)
	1692
	1693	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1694	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1695
[1691]	1696	!
[2232]	1697	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1698	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1699	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1700	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1701
[1691]	1702	ENDDO
	1703
[2232]	1704	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1705	!
	1706	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1707	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1708
	1709	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1710	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1711	i = surf%i(m)
	1712	j = surf%j(m)
	1713	k = surf%k(m)
	1714
	1715	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1716	ENDDO
	1717	ENDIF
	1718
[2696]	1719	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1720	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1721
[2696]	1722	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1723
[2696]	1724	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1725	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1726	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1727	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1728
[2696]	1729	ENDDO
[2232]	1730
	1731	ENDIF
	1732	!
	1733	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1734	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1735	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1736	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1737	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1738
	1739	i = surf%i(m)
	1740	j = surf%j(m)
	1741	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1742	!
	1743	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1744	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1745	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1746	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1747
[1691]	1748	ENDDO
	1749	ENDIF
	1750
	1751	!
[2232]	1752	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1753	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1754	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1755	!
[1788]	1756	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1757	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1758	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1759
	1760	i = surf%i(m)
	1761	j = surf%j(m)
	1762	k = surf%k(m)
	1763	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1764	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1765
[1691]	1766	ENDDO
	1767
[2232]	1768	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1769	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1770	run_coupled )
	1771
[1788]	1772	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1773	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1774	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1775
	1776	i = surf%i(m)
	1777	j = surf%j(m)
	1778	k = surf%k(m)
	1779	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1780
[1691]	1781	ENDDO
	1782	ENDIF
	1783
	1784	!
[2232]	1785	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1786	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1787	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1788	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1789	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1790	i = surf%i(m)
	1791	j = surf%j(m)
	1792	k = surf%k(m)
	1793	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1794	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1795	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1796	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1797	ENDDO
	1798	ENDIF
[1691]	1799
[2547]	1800	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1801	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1802	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1803
[2232]	1804	i = surf%i(m)
	1805	j = surf%j(m)
	1806	k = surf%k(m)
	1807
	1808	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1809
[3152]	1810	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - surf%q_surface(m) ) &
[2232]	1811	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1812	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1813	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1814	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1815	ENDDO
[2232]	1816	ELSE
	1817	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1818	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1819
	1820	i = surf%i(m)
	1821	j = surf%j(m)
	1822	k = surf%k(m)
	1823
	1824	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1825
	1826	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1827	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1828	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1829	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1830	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1831	ENDDO
	1832	ENDIF
	1833	ENDIF
	1834	!
	1835	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1836	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1837	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1838	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1839
	1840	i = surf%i(m)
	1841	j = surf%j(m)
	1842	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1843
[1691]	1844	ENDDO
	1845	ENDIF
	1846	ENDIF
[1960]	1847
	1848	!
	1849	!-- If required compute s*
	1850	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1851	!
[2232]	1852	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1853	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1854	!
	1855	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1856	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1857	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1858	i = surf%i(m)
	1859	j = surf%j(m)
	1860	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1861	ENDDO
	1862	ENDIF
[2232]	1863	!
	1864	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1865	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1866	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1867	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1868	i = surf%i(m)
	1869	j = surf%j(m)
	1870	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1871	ENDDO
	1872	ENDIF
[1960]	1873	ENDIF
[1691]	1874
[2292]	1875	!
[2696]	1876	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1877	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1878	!
	1879	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1880	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1881	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1882	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1883	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1884	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1885	i = surf%i(m)
	1886	j = surf%j(m)
	1887	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1888	ENDDO
	1889	ENDIF
	1890	ENDDO
	1891	!
	1892	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1893	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1894	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1895	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1896	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1897	i = surf%i(m)
	1898	j = surf%j(m)
	1899	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1900	ENDDO
	1901	ENDDO
	1902	ENDIF
	1903	ENDIF
	1904
	1905	!
[2292]	1906	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
	1907	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1908	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1909	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1910	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1911
[2292]	1912	i = surf%i(m)
	1913	j = surf%j(m)
	1914	k = surf%k(m)
	1915
	1916	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1917
	1918	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1919	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1920	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1921	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1922
	1923	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1924	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1925	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1926	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1927	ENDDO
	1928
	1929	ENDIF
	1930
[1691]	1931	!
	1932	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[2232]	1933	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
	1934	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1935	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1936	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1937
[2232]	1938	i = surf%i(m)
	1939	j = surf%j(m)
	1940	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1941
[2232]	1942	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1943
[2232]	1944	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1945	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1946	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1947	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1948
[2232]	1949	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1950	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1951	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1952	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1953	ENDDO
	1954
	1955	ENDIF
	1956
	1957	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1958
	1959
	1960
	1961	!
[2292]	1962	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1963	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1964
	1965	IMPLICIT NONE
	1966
[2696]	1967	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1968	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1969
[2232]	1970	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1971	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1972	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1973	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1974	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1975	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1976
	1977	!
[2232]	1978	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1979	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1980	!
	1981	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1982	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1983	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1984	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1985	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1986
	1987	i = surf%i(m)
	1988	j = surf%j(m)
	1989	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1990
[2232]	1991	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1992
[2232]	1993	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1994	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1995	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1996	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1997	!
	1998	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1999	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	2000	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2001	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2002	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2003	!-- tests had shown.
	2004	!-- Same also for ol.
	2005	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2006
[2232]	2007	ENDDO
[1691]	2008	!
[2232]	2009	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	2010	ELSE
	2011	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2012	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2013
	2014	i = surf%i(m)
	2015	j = surf%j(m)
	2016	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2017
[2232]	2018	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2019
	2020	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2021	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	2022
[2232]	2023	ENDDO
	2024	ENDIF
[1691]	2025
[2232]	2026	!
	2027	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	2028	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2029	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	2030	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2031	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2032	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2033	i = surf%i(m)
	2034	j = surf%j(m)
	2035	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2036
[2232]	2037	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2038
[2232]	2039	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2040	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2041	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2042	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	2043	!
[2232]	2044	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2045	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	2046	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2047	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2048	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2049	!-- tests had shown.
	2050	!-- Same also for ol.
	2051	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2052	ENDDO
	2053	!
	2054	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	2055	ELSE
	2056	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2057	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2058	i = surf%i(m)
	2059	j = surf%j(m)
	2060	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2061
[2232]	2062	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2063
	2064	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2065	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2066	ENDDO
	2067	ENDIF
[1691]	2068	!
[2232]	2069	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2070	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2071	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2072	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2073	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2074	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2075	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2076	i = surf%i(m)
	2077	j = surf%j(m)
	2078	k = surf%k(m)
	2079	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2080	ENDDO
[2232]	2081	ENDIF
	2082	!
	2083	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2084	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2085	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2086	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2087	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2088	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2089	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2090	i = surf%i(m)
	2091	j = surf%j(m)
	2092	k = surf%k(m)
	2093	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2094	ENDDO
	2095	ENDIF
	2096	!
	2097	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2098	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2099	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2100	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2101	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2102
[2232]	2103	i = surf%i(m)
	2104	j = surf%j(m)
	2105	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2106
[2232]	2107	ENDDO
[2292]	2108	ENDIF
[1691]	2109	!
[2696]	2110	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2111	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2112	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2113	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2114	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2115	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2116	i = surf%i(m)
	2117	j = surf%j(m)
	2118	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2119	ENDDO
	2120	ENDIF
	2121	ENDDO
	2122
	2123	!
[2292]	2124	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
	2125	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	2126	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2127	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2128	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2129
	2130	i = surf%i(m)
	2131	j = surf%j(m)
	2132
	2133	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2134	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2135	ENDDO
	2136	ENDIF
	2137	!
[2232]	2138	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[2292]	2139	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2140	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2141	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2142	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2143
	2144	i = surf%i(m)
	2145	j = surf%j(m)
	2146
	2147	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2148	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2149	ENDDO
[2232]	2150	ENDIF
[1691]	2151
[1960]	2152	!
[2232]	2153	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2154	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2155	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2156	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2157
	2158	i = surf%i(m)
	2159	j = surf%j(m)
	2160	k = surf%k(m)
	2161
	2162	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2163	!
	2164	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2165	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2166	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2167
[1960]	2168	ENDDO
[2232]	2169	ENDIF
	2170	!
	2171	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2172	ELSE
	2173	!
	2174	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2175	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2176	!
	2177	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2178	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2179	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2180	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2181	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2182	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2183	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2184	i = surf%i(m)
	2185	j = surf%j(m)
	2186	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2187
[2232]	2188	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2189
[2232]	2190	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2191	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2192	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2193
	2194	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2195	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2196	ENDDO
	2197	ENDIF
[1691]	2198	!
[2232]	2199	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2200	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2201	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2202	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2203	i = surf%i(m)
	2204	j = surf%j(m)
	2205	k = surf%k(m)
	2206
	2207	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2208
	2209	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2210
	2211	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2212	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2213	ENDDO
[2232]	2214	ENDIF
	2215	!
	2216	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2217	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2218	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2219	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2220	!--
	2221	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2222	!
	2223	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2224	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2225	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2226	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2227
[2232]	2228	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2229	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2230	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2231	i = surf%i(m)
	2232	j = surf%j(m)
	2233	k = surf%k(m)
	2234
	2235	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2236	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2237	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2238	ENDDO
	2239	ELSE
	2240	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2241	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2242	i = surf%i(m)
	2243	j = surf%j(m)
	2244	k = surf%k(m)
	2245
	2246	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2247	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2248	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2249	ENDDO
	2250	ENDIF
	2251
[2281]	2252	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2253	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2254	i = surf%i(m)
	2255	j = surf%j(m)
	2256
	2257	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2258
	2259	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2260	!
[2232]	2261	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2262	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2263	!
[2232]	2264	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2265	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2266
	2267	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2268	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2269	ENDDO
[2232]	2270	!
	2271	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2272	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2273	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2274	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2275	ENDIF
[1691]	2276	ENDIF
	2277
	2278	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2279
	2280
	2281	!
	2282	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2283	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2284
	2285	USE kinds
	2286
	2287	IMPLICIT NONE
	2288
	2289	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2290	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2291	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2292
	2293	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2294	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2295	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2296	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2297	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2298	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2299
	2300
	2301	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2302	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2303	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2304	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2305	ELSE
	2306
	2307	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2308	- bc_d_d
	2309	!
	2310	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2311	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2312
	2313	ENDIF
	2314
	2315	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2316
	2317
	2318	!
	2319	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2320	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2321
	2322	USE kinds
	2323
	2324	IMPLICIT NONE
	2325
	2326	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2327	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2328	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2329
	2330	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2331	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2332	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2333	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2334	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2335	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2336
	2337
	2338	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2339	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2340	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2341	ELSE
	2342	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2343	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2344	+ 1.0_wp
	2345	!
	2346	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2347	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2348	ENDIF
	2349
	2350	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2351
[3130]	2352
	2353	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2354	! Description:
	2355	! ------------
	2356	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2357	!>
	2358	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2360	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
	2361
	2362	IMPLICIT NONE
	2363
	2364	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2365	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2366
	2367	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2368	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2369
	2370	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2371	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2372	ELSE
	2373	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2374	ENDIF
	2375
	2376	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2377
[1697]	2378	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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