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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3149

Last change on this file since 3149 was 3149, checked in by maronga, 6 years ago
correct accidental commit
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File size: 85.1 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[3147]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3149 2018-07-19 05:48:09Z maronga $
[3149]	28	! Correct accidental last commit
	29	!
	30	! 3148 2018-07-19 05:45:25Z maronga
[3147]	31	! Major bugfix in calculation of Obukhov length
	32	!
	33	! 3146 2018-07-18 22:36:19Z maronga
[3130]	34	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	35	!
	36	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	37	! Error message revised
	38	!
	39	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	40	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	41	!
	42	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	43	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	44	!
	45	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	46	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	47	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	48	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	49	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	50	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	51	!
	52	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	53	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	54	!
	55	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	56	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	57	!
	58	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	59	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	60	!
	61	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	62	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	63	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	64	! and cloud water content (qc).
	65	!
	66	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	67	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	68	!
	69	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	70	!
[2233]	71	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	72	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	73	! OpenMP bugfix
	74	!
[2119]	75	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	76	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	77	!
[2092]	78	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	79	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	80	!
[2077]	81	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	82	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	83	!
[2074]	84	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	85	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	86	!
[2038]	87	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	88	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	89	!
[2012]	90	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	91	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	92	!
[2008]	93	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	94	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	95	!
[2001]	96	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	97	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	98	!
[1993]	99	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	100	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	101	!
[1961]	102	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	103	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	104	!
[1930]	105	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	106	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	107	! completely surrounded by topography
	108	!
[1921]	109	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	110	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	111	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	112	!
[1916]	113	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	114	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	115	! timestep
	116	!
[1851]	117	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	118	! Module renamed
	119	!
	120	!
[1823]	121	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	122	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	123	!
[1789]	124	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	125	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	126	! humidity.
	127	! Syntax layout improved.
	128	!
[1758]	129	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	130	! Minor fixes.
	131	!
[1750]	132	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	133	! further OpenACC adjustments
	134	!
[1748]	135	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	136	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	137	!
[1710]	138	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	139	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	140	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	141	! neutral = .T.
	142	!
[1706]	143	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	144	! Typo removed
	145	!
[1698]	146	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	147	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	148	!
[1697]	149	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	150	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	151	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	152	! updated description.
	153	!
	154	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	155	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	156	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	157	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	158	! directly prescribed by the user.
	159	!
	160	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	161	! Adapted for land surface model
	162	!
	163	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	164	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	165	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	166	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	167	!
	168	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	169	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	170	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	171	!
	172	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	173	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	174	!
	175	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	176	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	177	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	178	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	179	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	180	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	181	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	182	! all variable declaration statements
	183	!
	184	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	185	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	186	!
	187	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	188	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	189	!
	190	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	191	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	192	!
	193	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	194	! OpenACC statements added
	195	!
	196	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	197	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	198	!
	199	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	200	! Initial revision
	201	!
	202	!
	203	! Description:
	204	! ------------
	205	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	206	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	207	!> available:
	208	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	209	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	210	!> slower
	211	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	212	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	213	!>
	214	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	215	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	216	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	217	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	218	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	219
	220	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	221	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
	222	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw
[1691]	223
[2696]	224	USE chem_modules, &
	225	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	226
[1691]	227	USE cloud_parameters, &
	228	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	229
	230	USE constants, &
	231	ONLY: pi
	232
	233	USE cpulog
	234
	235	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	236	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, cloud_physics, &
	237	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	238	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	239	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
[2232]	240	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	241	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[2292]	242	message_string, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, &
	243	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	244	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[2299]	245	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	246
[2232]	247	USE grid_variables, &
	248	ONLY: dx, dy
	249
[1691]	250	USE indices, &
[2232]	251	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	252
	253	USE kinds
	254
	255	USE pegrid
	256
	257	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	258	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	259
[2232]	260	USE surface_mod, &
	261	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	262	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	263
[1691]	264
	265	IMPLICIT NONE
	266
[1992]	267	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	268	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	269	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	270	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	271	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	272
[2232]	273	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	274
[2232]	275	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	276	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	277	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	278	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	279	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	280	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	281
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	283	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	284
	285	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	286	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	287	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	288	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	289	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	290
[2232]	291	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	292
[2232]	293
[1691]	294	SAVE
	295
	296	PRIVATE
	297
[3130]	298	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	299
	300	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	301	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	302	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	303
[3130]	304	INTERFACE phi_m
	305	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	306	END INTERFACE phi_m
	307
[1691]	308	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	309	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	310	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	311
	312
	313	CONTAINS
	314
	315
	316	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	317	! Description:
	318	! ------------
	319	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	320	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	321	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	322
	323	IMPLICIT NONE
	324
[2232]	325	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	326	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	327	!
[2696]	328	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	329	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	330	!
[2696]	331	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	332	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	333	DO l = 0, 1
	334	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	335	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	336	CALL calc_pt_q
[3146]	337	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	338	CALL calc_pt_surface
	339	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	340	CALL calc_vpt_surface
	341	ENDIF
	342	ENDIF
[2696]	343	ENDIF
	344	ENDDO
[2232]	345	!
[2696]	346	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	347	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	348	surf => surf_lsm_h
	349	CALL calc_pt_q
	350	ENDIF
	351
	352	!
	353	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	354	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	355	surf => surf_usm_h
	356	CALL calc_pt_q
	357	ENDIF
	358
	359	!
	360	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	361	DO l = 0, 3
	362	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	363	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	364	CALL calc_pt_q
	365	ENDIF
[2696]	366
[3146]	367	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
[2696]	368	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	369	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	370	CALL calc_pt_q
	371	ENDIF
[2696]	372	ENDDO
[1691]	373
	374	!
	375	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	376	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	377	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	378	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	379	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	380
	381	!
	382	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	383	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	384	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	385	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	386	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	387	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	388	!
	389	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	390	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	391	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	392	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	393	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	394	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	395	CALL calc_us
	396	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	397	ENDIF
	398	!
[2232]	399	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	400	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	401	surf => surf_lsm_h
	402	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	403	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	404	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	405	CALL calc_us
	406	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	407	ENDIF
	408	!
	409	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	410	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	411	surf => surf_usm_h
	412	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	413	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	414	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	415	CALL calc_us
	416	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	417	ENDIF
	418	!
[1691]	419	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	420	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	421	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	422	!
	423	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	424	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	425	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	426	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	427	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	428	CALL calc_us
	429	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	430	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	431	ENDIF
[2232]	432	!
	433	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	434	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	435	surf => surf_lsm_h
	436	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	437	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	438	CALL calc_us
	439	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	440	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	441	ENDIF
	442	!
	443	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	444	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	445	surf => surf_usm_h
	446	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	447	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	448	CALL calc_us
	449	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	450	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	451	ENDIF
[1691]	452
[2232]	453	ENDIF
	454	!
	455	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	456	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	457	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	458	!-- most_method is required.
	459	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	460	downward = .TRUE.
	461	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	462	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	463	CALL calc_us
	464	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	465	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	466	ENDIF
[2232]	467	!
	468	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	469	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	470	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	471	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	472	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	473	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	474	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	475	!
	476	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	477	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	478	!-- For default-type surfaces
	479	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	480	DO l = 0, 1
	481	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	482	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	483	!
	484	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	485	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	486	!
	487	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	488	CALL calc_us
	489	!
	490	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	491	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	492	ENDIF
	493	ENDDO
	494	!
	495	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	496	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	497	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	498	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	499	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	500	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	501	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	502	DO l = 0, 1
	503	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	504	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	505	!
	506	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	507	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	508	!
	509	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	510	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	511	!
	512	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	513	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	514	!
	515	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	516	CALL calc_us
	517	!
	518	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	519	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	520	ENDIF
	521	ENDDO
	522	ELSE
	523	DO l = 0, 1
	524	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	525	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	526	!
	527	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	528	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	529	!
	530	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	531	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	532	!
	533	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	534	CALL calc_us
	535	!
	536	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	537	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	538	!
	539	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	540	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	541	ENDIF
	542	ENDDO
	543	ENDIF
	544	!
	545	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	546	!-- to be computed.
	547	ELSE
	548	DO l = 0, 1
	549	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	550	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	551	!
	552	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	553	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	554	!
	555	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	556	CALL calc_us
	557	!
	558	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	559	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	560	ENDIF
	561	ENDDO
	562	ENDIF
	563	!
	564	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	565	DO l = 0, 1
	566	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	567	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	568	!
	569	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	570	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	571	!
	572	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	573	CALL calc_us
	574	!
	575	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	576	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	577	ENDIF
	578	ENDDO
	579	!
	580	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	581	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	582	!-- For default-type surfaces
	583	DO l = 2, 3
	584	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	585	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	586	!
	587	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	588	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	589	!
	590	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	591	CALL calc_us
	592	!
	593	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	594	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	595	ENDIF
	596	ENDDO
	597	!
	598	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	599	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	600	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	601	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	602	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	603	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	604	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	605	DO l = 2, 3
	606	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	607	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	608	!
	609	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	610	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	611	!
	612	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	613	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	614	!
	615	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	616	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	617	!
	618	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	619	CALL calc_us
	620	!
	621	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	622	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	623	ENDIF
	624	ENDDO
	625	ELSE
	626	DO l = 2, 3
	627	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	628	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	629	!
	630	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	631	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	632	!
	633	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	634	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	635	!
	636	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	637	CALL calc_us
	638	!
	639	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	640	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	641	!
	642	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	643	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	644	ENDIF
	645	ENDDO
	646	ENDIF
	647	ELSE
	648	DO l = 2, 3
	649	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	650	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	651	!
	652	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	653	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	654	!
	655	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	656	CALL calc_us
	657	!
	658	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	659	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	660	ENDIF
	661	ENDDO
	662	ENDIF
	663	!
	664	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	665	DO l = 2, 3
	666	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	667	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	668	!
	669	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	670	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	671	!
	672	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	673	CALL calc_us
	674	!
	675	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	676	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	677	ENDIF
	678	ENDDO
	679	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	680	!
	681	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	682	!-- surfaces.
	683	mom_w = .TRUE.
	684	!
	685	!-- Default-type surfaces
	686	DO l = 0, 3
	687	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	688	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	689	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	690	CALL calc_us
	691	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	692	ENDIF
	693	ENDDO
	694	!
	695	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	696	DO l = 0, 3
	697	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	698	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	699	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	700	CALL calc_us
	701	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	702	ENDIF
	703	ENDDO
	704	!
	705	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	706	DO l = 0, 3
	707	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	708	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	709	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	710	CALL calc_us
	711	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	712	ENDIF
	713	ENDDO
	714	mom_w = .FALSE.
	715	!
	716	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	717	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	718	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	719	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	720	!
	721	!-- Default-type surfaces
	722	DO l = 0, 3
	723	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	724	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	725	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	726	CALL calc_us
	727	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	728	ENDIF
	729	ENDDO
	730	!
	731	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	732	DO l = 0, 3
	733	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	734	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	735	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	736	CALL calc_us
	737	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	738	ENDIF
	739	ENDDO
	740	!
	741	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	742	DO l = 0, 3
	743	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	744	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	745	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	746	CALL calc_us
	747	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	748	ENDIF
	749	ENDDO
	750	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	751
[1691]	752
	753	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	754
	755
	756	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	757	! Description:
	758	! ------------
	759	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	760	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	761	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	762	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	763	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	764
	765	IMPLICIT NONE
	766
[2232]	767	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	768	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	769
	770	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	771
	772	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	773
	774	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	775
	776
	777	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	778	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	779	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	780	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	781	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	782
	783
[1709]	784
[2232]	785
[1709]	786	!
	787	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	788	!-- large value
[2232]	789	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	790	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	791	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	792	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	793	ENDIF
[1709]	794
[1691]	795	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	796
	797	!
	798	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	799	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	800	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	801	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	802	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	803	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	804	ENDIF
[1691]	805	ENDIF
[2232]	806	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	807	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	808	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	809	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	810	ENDIF
	811	ENDIF
	812	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	813	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	814	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	815	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	816	ENDIF
	817	ENDIF
	818	!
	819	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	820	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	821	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	822	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	823	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	824	ENDIF
	825	ENDIF
	826	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	827	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	828	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	829	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	830	ENDIF
	831	ENDIF
	832	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	833	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	834	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	835	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	836	ENDIF
	837	ENDIF
[1691]	838
[2232]	839
[1691]	840	#if defined( __parallel )
	841	!
	842	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	843	!-- is TRUE
	844	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	845	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	846	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	847	#else
	848	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	849	#endif
	850
	851	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	852	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	853	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	854	'heterogeneity'
[3045]	855	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0116', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1691]	856	ENDIF
	857
	858	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	859
	860	!
	861	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	862	k = nzb
[1691]	863	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	864
	865	!
	866	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	867	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	868	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	869	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	870	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	871	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	872	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	873
[2232]	874	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	875	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	876	ENDDO
	877
	878	!
	879	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	880	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	881	regr_old = regr
	882	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	883	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	884	ENDDO
	885
	886	!
	887	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	888	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	889	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	890	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	891	ENDDO
	892
	893	!
[1757]	894	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	895	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	896	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	897	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	898	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	899	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	900	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	901	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	902	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	903	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	904	ENDIF
[1691]	905	!
	906	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	907	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	908	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	909	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	910	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	911	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	912	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	913	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	914	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	915	)**3
	916	ENDDO
	917	ELSE
[2232]	918	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	919	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	920	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	921	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	922	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	923	) &
	924	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	925	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	926	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	927	)**2
	928	ENDDO
	929	ENDIF
	930
	931	!
	932	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	933	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	934	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	935	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	936
	937	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	938	ENDIF
	939
	940	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	941
	942
	943	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	944	! Description:
	945	! ------------
[1709]	946	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	947	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	948	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	949	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	950
	951	IMPLICIT NONE
	952
[2232]	953	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	954	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	955	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	956	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	957	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	958
[2232]	959	!
	960	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	961	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	962
[2232]	963	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	964
[2232]	965	i = surf%i(m)
	966	j = surf%j(m)
	967	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	968	!
[2232]	969	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	970	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	971	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	972	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	973	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	974	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	975	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	976	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	977	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	978	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	979	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	980	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	981	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	982	) * ibit &
	983	) &
	984	)**2 + &
	985	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	986	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	987	) * ibit &
	988	) &
[3149]	989	)**2 &
[2232]	990	)
	991
[3148]	992
	993
[1691]	994	ENDDO
	995
[2232]	996	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	997
	998
	999	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1000	! Description:
	1001	! ------------
	1002	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1003	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1004	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1005	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1006
	1007	IMPLICIT NONE
	1008
	1009	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1010	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1011	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1012	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1013
	1014	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1015	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1016
	1017
	1018	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1019	i = surf%i(m)
	1020	j = surf%j(m)
	1021	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1022	!
[2232]	1023	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1024	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1025	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1026	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1027
[2232]	1028	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1029
[2232]	1030	ENDDO
[1709]	1031
[2232]	1032	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1033
[1709]	1034	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1035	! Description:
	1036	! ------------
[2232]	1037	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1038	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1039	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1040	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1041
	1042	IMPLICIT NONE
	1043
	1044	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1045	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1046	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1047	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1048
	1049	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1050	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1051
	1052
	1053	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1054	i = surf%i(m)
	1055	j = surf%j(m)
	1056	k = surf%k(m)
	1057
	1058	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1059	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1060	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1061
	1062	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1063
	1064	ENDDO
	1065
	1066	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1067
	1068	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1069	! Description:
	1070	! ------------
	1071	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1072	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1073	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1074	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1075
	1076	IMPLICIT NONE
	1077
	1078	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1079	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1080	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1081	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1082
	1083	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1084	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1085	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1086	!
	1087	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1088	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1089	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1090	i = surf%i(m)
	1091	j = surf%j(m)
	1092	k = surf%k(m)
	1093
	1094	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1095	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1096	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1097	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1098
	1099	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1100	ENDDO
	1101	!
	1102	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1103	ELSE
	1104	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1105	i = surf%i(m)
	1106	j = surf%j(m)
	1107	k = surf%k(m)
	1108
	1109	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1110	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1111	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1112	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1113
	1114	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1115	ENDDO
	1116	ENDIF
	1117
	1118	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1119
	1120	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1121	! Description:
	1122	! ------------
	1123	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1124	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1125	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1126	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1127
	1128	IMPLICIT NONE
	1129
	1130	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1131	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1132	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1133	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1134
	1135	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1136	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1137	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1138
	1139	!
	1140	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1141	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1142	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1143	i = surf%i(m)
	1144	j = surf%j(m)
	1145	k = surf%k(m)
	1146
	1147	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1148	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1149	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1150
	1151	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1152	ENDDO
	1153	!
	1154	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1155	ELSE
	1156	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1157	i = surf%i(m)
	1158	j = surf%j(m)
	1159	k = surf%k(m)
	1160
	1161	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1162	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1163	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1164
	1165	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1166	ENDDO
	1167	ENDIF
	1168
	1169	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1170
	1171
	1172	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1173	! Description:
	1174	! ------------
[1709]	1175	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1176	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1177	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1178
	1179	IMPLICIT NONE
	1180
[2232]	1181	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1182	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1183	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1184
	1185	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1186	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1187	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1188	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1189	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1190	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1191
[1691]	1192	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1193	!
	1194	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1195	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1196	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1197	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1198	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1199	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1200
[2232]	1201	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1202
[3146]	1203	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1204	* ( surf%vpt1(m) - surf%vpt_surface(m) ) &
	1205	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%vpt1(m) &
	1206	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1207	ENDDO
	1208	ELSE
[3146]	1209	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1210	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1211
	1212	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1213
[3146]	1214	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo &
	1215	* ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1216	/ ( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 surf%pt1(m) &
	1217	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1218	ENDDO
	1219	ENDIF
	1220	ELSE
	1221	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1222	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1223	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1224
	1225	k = surf%k(m)
	1226
	1227	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1228
	1229	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
[3146]	1230	* surf%qv1(m) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1231	* surf%pt1(m) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
[2232]	1232	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1233	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%vpt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1234	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1235	ENDDO
	1236	ELSE
[3146]	1237	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[2232]	1238	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1239
[2232]	1240	k = surf%k(m)
	1241
	1242	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1243
	1244	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1245	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
[3146]	1246	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 surf%pt1(m) * kappa**2 &
[2232]	1247	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1248	ENDDO
	1249	ENDIF
	1250	ENDIF
	1251
[1691]	1252	ENDIF
	1253
[2232]	1254
[1691]	1255	!
	1256	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1257	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1258	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1259
[2232]	1260	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1261
[2232]	1262	i = surf%i(m)
	1263	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1264
[2232]	1265	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1266
[1691]	1267	!
[2232]	1268	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1269	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1270
	1271	!
[2232]	1272	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1273	!-- length have the same sign
	1274	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1275	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1276	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1277	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1278	ENDIF
[1691]	1279	!
[2232]	1280	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1281	iter = 0
	1282	DO
	1283	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1284	!
[2232]	1285	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1286	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1287	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1288	EXIT
	1289	ENDIF
[1691]	1290
[2232]	1291	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1292	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1293	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1294
	1295
[2232]	1296	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1297	!
[2232]	1298	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1299	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1300	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1301	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1302	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1303	ol_m ) &
	1304	) &
	1305	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1306	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1307	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1308	ol_m ) &
	1309	)**2
[1691]	1310
	1311	!
[2232]	1312	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1313	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1314	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1315	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1316	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1317	) &
	1318	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1319	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1320	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1321	)**2 &
	1322	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1323	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1324	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1325	) &
	1326	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1327	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1328	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1329	)**2 &
	1330	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1331	ELSE
[1691]	1332	!
[2232]	1333	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1334	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1335	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1336	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1337	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1338	)**3
[1691]	1339
	1340	!
[2232]	1341	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1342	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1343	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1344	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1345	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1346	)**3 &
	1347	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1348	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1349	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1350	)**3 &
	1351	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1352	ENDIF
[1691]	1353	!
[2232]	1354	!-- Calculate new L
	1355	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1356
	1357	!
[2232]	1358	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1359	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1360	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1361	!
[2232]	1362	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1363	!-- value that is allowed
	1364	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1365	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1366	EXIT
	1367	ENDIF
[1691]	1368	!
[2232]	1369	!-- Check for convergence
	1370	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1371	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1372	EXIT
	1373	ELSE
	1374	CYCLE
	1375	ENDIF
[1691]	1376
	1377	ENDDO
	1378	ENDDO
	1379
	1380	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1381
[2281]	1382	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1383	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1384
[2232]	1385	i = surf%i(m)
	1386	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1387	!
[2232]	1388	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1389	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1390	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1391	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1392
	1393	!
[2232]	1394	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1395	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1396	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1397	!-- correct direction
	1398	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1399	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1400	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1401	li = li-1
	1402	ENDDO
	1403	ELSE
	1404	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1405	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1406	li = li+1
	1407	ENDDO
	1408	ENDIF
	1409	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1410
	1411	!
[2232]	1412	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1413	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1414	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1415	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1416
	1417	ENDDO
	1418
	1419	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1420
[2232]	1421	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
[3146]	1422	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1423	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1424
[2232]	1425	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1426
[3146]	1427	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1428	( kappa * g * &
	1429	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1430	!
	1431	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1432	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1433	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1434	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1435	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1436	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1437	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1438	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1439	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1440
[1691]	1441	ENDDO
[2547]	1442	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1443	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1444	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1445
[2232]	1446	i = surf%i(m)
	1447	j = surf%j(m)
	1448	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1449
[2232]	1450	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1451
	1452
[3146]	1453	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
[2232]	1454	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1455	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1456	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1457	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1458	!
[2232]	1459	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1460	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1461	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1462	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1463	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1464	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1465	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1466	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1467	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1468
[2232]	1469	ENDDO
	1470	ELSE
	1471
[3146]	1472	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1473	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1474
	1475	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1476
[3146]	1477	surf%ol(m) = ( surf%vpt1(m) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1478	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * &
	1479	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * &
[2232]	1480	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1481
	1482	!
	1483	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1484	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1485	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1486	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1487	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1488	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1489	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1490	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1491	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1492
	1493	ENDDO
	1494
	1495	ENDIF
	1496
	1497	ENDIF
	1498
[1691]	1499	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1500
	1501	!
	1502	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1503	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1504
	1505	IMPLICIT NONE
	1506
[2232]	1507	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1508
[2232]	1509	!
	1510	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1511	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1512	!
	1513	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1514	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1515	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1516	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1517
[2232]	1518	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1519	!
[2232]	1520	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1521	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1522	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1523	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1524	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1525
	1526	ENDDO
	1527	!
	1528	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1529	!-- any stability.
	1530	ELSE
[2281]	1531	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1532	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1533
	1534	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1535	!
	1536	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1537	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1538
	1539	ENDDO
	1540	ENDIF
	1541	!
	1542	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1543	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1544	ELSE
	1545	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1546	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1547	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1548
	1549	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1550	ENDDO
[2232]	1551	ENDIF
[1691]	1552
	1553	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1554
	1555	!
[3146]	1556	!-- Calculate potential temperature, specific humidity, and virtual potential
	1557	!-- temperature at first grid level
[2232]	1558	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
[1691]	1559	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1560
	1561	IMPLICIT NONE
	1562
[2232]	1563	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1564
	1565	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1566	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1567
	1568	i = surf%i(m)
	1569	j = surf%j(m)
	1570	k = surf%k(m)
	1571
[2547]	1572	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1573	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1574	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1575	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
	1576	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1577	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1578	ELSE
	1579	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1580	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1581	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1582	ELSE
	1583	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1584	ENDIF
[2547]	1585	ENDIF
[2232]	1586
[3146]	1587	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1588	surf%vpt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1589	ENDIF
	1590
[1691]	1591	ENDDO
	1592
	1593	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1594
[2696]	1595
[1691]	1596	!
[3146]	1597	!-- Calculate potential temperature at first grid level
[2696]	1598	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1599	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1600
	1601	IMPLICIT NONE
	1602
[3146]	1603	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
[2696]	1604	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1605
[3146]	1606	k_off = surf%koff
[2696]	1607	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1608	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1609
	1610	i = surf%i(m)
	1611	j = surf%j(m)
	1612	k = surf%k(m)
	1613
[3146]	1614	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+k_off,j,i)
[2696]	1615
	1616	ENDDO
	1617
	1618	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1619
	1620	!
[3146]	1621	!-- Calculate virtual potential temperature at first grid level
	1622	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1623	SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1624
	1625	IMPLICIT NONE
	1626
	1627	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1629
	1630	k_off = surf%koff
	1631	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1632	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1633
	1634	i = surf%i(m)
	1635	j = surf%j(m)
	1636	k = surf%k(m)
	1637
	1638	surf%vpt_surface(m) = vpt(k+k_off,j,i)
	1639
	1640	ENDDO
	1641
	1642	END SUBROUTINE calc_vpt_surface
	1643
	1644	!
[2292]	1645	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1646	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1647
	1648	IMPLICIT NONE
	1649
[2232]	1650
	1651	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1652	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1653	!
[2232]	1654	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1655	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1656	!
	1657	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1658
	1659	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1660	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1661
	1662	i = surf%i(m)
	1663	j = surf%j(m)
	1664	k = surf%k(m)
	1665
	1666	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1667	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1668
[1691]	1669	!
[2232]	1670	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1671	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1672	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1673	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1674
[1691]	1675	ENDDO
	1676
[2232]	1677	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1678	!
	1679	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1680	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1681
	1682	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1683	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1684	i = surf%i(m)
	1685	j = surf%j(m)
	1686	k = surf%k(m)
	1687
	1688	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1689	ENDDO
	1690	ENDIF
	1691
[2696]	1692	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1693	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1694
[2696]	1695	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1696
[2696]	1697	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1698	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1699	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1700	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1701
[2696]	1702	ENDDO
[2232]	1703
	1704	ENDIF
	1705	!
	1706	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1707	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1708	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1709	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1710	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1711
	1712	i = surf%i(m)
	1713	j = surf%j(m)
	1714	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1715	!
	1716	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1717	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1718	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1719	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1720
[1691]	1721	ENDDO
	1722	ENDIF
	1723
	1724	!
[2232]	1725	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1726	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1727	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1728	!
[1788]	1729	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1730	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1731	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1732
	1733	i = surf%i(m)
	1734	j = surf%j(m)
	1735	k = surf%k(m)
	1736	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1737	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1738
[1691]	1739	ENDDO
	1740
[2232]	1741	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1742	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1743	run_coupled )
	1744
[1788]	1745	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1746	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1747	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1748
	1749	i = surf%i(m)
	1750	j = surf%j(m)
	1751	k = surf%k(m)
	1752	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1753
[1691]	1754	ENDDO
	1755	ENDIF
	1756
	1757	!
[2232]	1758	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1759	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1760	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1761	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1762	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1763	i = surf%i(m)
	1764	j = surf%j(m)
	1765	k = surf%k(m)
	1766	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1767	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1768	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1769	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1770	ENDDO
	1771	ENDIF
[1691]	1772
[2547]	1773	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1774	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1775	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1776
[2232]	1777	i = surf%i(m)
	1778	j = surf%j(m)
	1779	k = surf%k(m)
	1780
	1781	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1782
[2232]	1783	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1784	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1785	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1786	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1787	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1788	ENDDO
[2232]	1789	ELSE
	1790	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1791	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1792
	1793	i = surf%i(m)
	1794	j = surf%j(m)
	1795	k = surf%k(m)
	1796
	1797	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1798
	1799	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1800	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1801	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1802	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1803	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1804	ENDDO
	1805	ENDIF
	1806	ENDIF
	1807	!
	1808	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1809	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1810	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1811	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1812
	1813	i = surf%i(m)
	1814	j = surf%j(m)
	1815	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1816
[1691]	1817	ENDDO
	1818	ENDIF
	1819	ENDIF
[1960]	1820
	1821	!
	1822	!-- If required compute s*
	1823	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1824	!
[2232]	1825	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1826	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1827	!
	1828	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1829	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1830	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1831	i = surf%i(m)
	1832	j = surf%j(m)
	1833	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1834	ENDDO
	1835	ENDIF
[2232]	1836	!
	1837	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1838	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1839	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1840	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1841	i = surf%i(m)
	1842	j = surf%j(m)
	1843	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1844	ENDDO
	1845	ENDIF
[1960]	1846	ENDIF
[1691]	1847
[2292]	1848	!
[2696]	1849	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1850	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1851	!
	1852	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1853	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1854	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1855	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1856	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1857	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1858	i = surf%i(m)
	1859	j = surf%j(m)
	1860	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1861	ENDDO
	1862	ENDIF
	1863	ENDDO
	1864	!
	1865	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1866	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1867	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1868	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1869	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1870	i = surf%i(m)
	1871	j = surf%j(m)
	1872	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1873	ENDDO
	1874	ENDDO
	1875	ENDIF
	1876	ENDIF
	1877
	1878	!
[2292]	1879	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
	1880	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1881	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1882	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1883	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1884
[2292]	1885	i = surf%i(m)
	1886	j = surf%j(m)
	1887	k = surf%k(m)
	1888
	1889	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1890
	1891	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1892	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1893	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1894	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1895
	1896	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1897	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1898	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1899	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1900	ENDDO
	1901
	1902	ENDIF
	1903
[1691]	1904	!
	1905	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[2232]	1906	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
	1907	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1908	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1909	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1910
[2232]	1911	i = surf%i(m)
	1912	j = surf%j(m)
	1913	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1914
[2232]	1915	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1916
[2232]	1917	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1918	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1919	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1920	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1921
[2232]	1922	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1923	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1924	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1925	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1926	ENDDO
	1927
	1928	ENDIF
	1929
	1930	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1931
	1932
	1933
	1934	!
[2292]	1935	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1936	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1937
	1938	IMPLICIT NONE
	1939
[2696]	1940	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1941	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1942
[2232]	1943	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1944	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1945	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1946	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1947	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1948	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1949
	1950	!
[2232]	1951	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1952	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1953	!
	1954	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1955	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1956	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1957	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1958	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1959
	1960	i = surf%i(m)
	1961	j = surf%j(m)
	1962	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1963
[2232]	1964	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1965
[2232]	1966	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1967	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1968	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1969	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1970	!
	1971	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1972	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1973	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1974	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1975	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1976	!-- tests had shown.
	1977	!-- Same also for ol.
	1978	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1979
[2232]	1980	ENDDO
[1691]	1981	!
[2232]	1982	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1983	ELSE
	1984	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1985	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1986
	1987	i = surf%i(m)
	1988	j = surf%j(m)
	1989	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1990
[2232]	1991	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1992
	1993	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1994	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1995
[2232]	1996	ENDDO
	1997	ENDIF
[1691]	1998
[2232]	1999	!
	2000	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	2001	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	2002	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	2003	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	2004	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2005	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2006	i = surf%i(m)
	2007	j = surf%j(m)
	2008	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2009
[2232]	2010	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	2011
[2232]	2012	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2013	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	2014	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	2015	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	2016	!
[2232]	2017	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	2018	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	2019	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	2020	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	2021	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	2022	!-- tests had shown.
	2023	!-- Same also for ol.
	2024	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2025	ENDDO
	2026	!
	2027	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	2028	ELSE
	2029	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2030	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2031	i = surf%i(m)
	2032	j = surf%j(m)
	2033	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2034
[2232]	2035	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2036
	2037	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2038	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2039	ENDDO
	2040	ENDIF
[1691]	2041	!
[2232]	2042	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2043	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2044	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2045	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2046	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2047	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2048	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2049	i = surf%i(m)
	2050	j = surf%j(m)
	2051	k = surf%k(m)
	2052	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2053	ENDDO
[2232]	2054	ENDIF
	2055	!
	2056	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2057	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2058	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2059	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2060	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2061	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2062	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2063	i = surf%i(m)
	2064	j = surf%j(m)
	2065	k = surf%k(m)
	2066	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2067	ENDDO
	2068	ENDIF
	2069	!
	2070	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2071	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2072	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2073	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2074	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2075
[2232]	2076	i = surf%i(m)
	2077	j = surf%j(m)
	2078	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2079
[2232]	2080	ENDDO
[2292]	2081	ENDIF
[1691]	2082	!
[2696]	2083	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2084	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2085	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2086	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2087	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2088	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2089	i = surf%i(m)
	2090	j = surf%j(m)
	2091	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2092	ENDDO
	2093	ENDIF
	2094	ENDDO
	2095
	2096	!
[2292]	2097	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
	2098	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	2099	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2100	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2101	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2102
	2103	i = surf%i(m)
	2104	j = surf%j(m)
	2105
	2106	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2107	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2108	ENDDO
	2109	ENDIF
	2110	!
[2232]	2111	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[2292]	2112	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2113	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2114	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2115	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2116
	2117	i = surf%i(m)
	2118	j = surf%j(m)
	2119
	2120	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2121	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2122	ENDDO
[2232]	2123	ENDIF
[1691]	2124
[1960]	2125	!
[2232]	2126	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2127	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2128	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2129	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2130
	2131	i = surf%i(m)
	2132	j = surf%j(m)
	2133	k = surf%k(m)
	2134
	2135	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2136	!
	2137	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2138	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2139	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2140
[1960]	2141	ENDDO
[2232]	2142	ENDIF
	2143	!
	2144	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2145	ELSE
	2146	!
	2147	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2148	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2149	!
	2150	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2151	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2152	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2153	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2154	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2155	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2156	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2157	i = surf%i(m)
	2158	j = surf%j(m)
	2159	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2160
[2232]	2161	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2162
[2232]	2163	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2164	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2165	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2166
	2167	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2168	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2169	ENDDO
	2170	ENDIF
[1691]	2171	!
[2232]	2172	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2173	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2174	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2175	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2176	i = surf%i(m)
	2177	j = surf%j(m)
	2178	k = surf%k(m)
	2179
	2180	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2181
	2182	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2183
	2184	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2185	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2186	ENDDO
[2232]	2187	ENDIF
	2188	!
	2189	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2190	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2191	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2192	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2193	!--
	2194	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2195	!
	2196	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2197	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2198	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2199	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2200
[2232]	2201	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2202	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2203	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2204	i = surf%i(m)
	2205	j = surf%j(m)
	2206	k = surf%k(m)
	2207
	2208	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2209	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2210	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2211	ENDDO
	2212	ELSE
	2213	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2214	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2215	i = surf%i(m)
	2216	j = surf%j(m)
	2217	k = surf%k(m)
	2218
	2219	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2220	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2221	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2222	ENDDO
	2223	ENDIF
	2224
[2281]	2225	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2226	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2227	i = surf%i(m)
	2228	j = surf%j(m)
	2229
	2230	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2231
	2232	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2233	!
[2232]	2234	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2235	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2236	!
[2232]	2237	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2238	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2239
	2240	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2241	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2242	ENDDO
[2232]	2243	!
	2244	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2245	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2246	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2247	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2248	ENDIF
[1691]	2249	ENDIF
	2250
	2251	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2252
	2253
	2254	!
	2255	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2256	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2257
	2258	USE kinds
	2259
	2260	IMPLICIT NONE
	2261
	2262	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2263	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2264	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2265
	2266	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2267	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2268	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2269	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2270	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2271	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2272
	2273
	2274	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2275	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2276	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2277	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2278	ELSE
	2279
	2280	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2281	- bc_d_d
	2282	!
	2283	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2284	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2285
	2286	ENDIF
	2287
	2288	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2289
	2290
	2291	!
	2292	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2293	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2294
	2295	USE kinds
	2296
	2297	IMPLICIT NONE
	2298
	2299	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2300	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2301	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2302
	2303	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2304	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2305	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2306	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2307	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2308	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2309
	2310
	2311	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2312	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2313	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2314	ELSE
	2315	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2316	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2317	+ 1.0_wp
	2318	!
	2319	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2320	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2321	ENDIF
	2322
	2323	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2324
[3130]	2325
	2326	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2327	! Description:
	2328	! ------------
	2329	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2330	!>
	2331	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2332	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2333	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
	2334
	2335	IMPLICIT NONE
	2336
	2337	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2338	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2339
	2340	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2341	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2342
	2343	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2344	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2345	ELSE
	2346	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2347	ENDIF
	2348
	2349	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2350
[1697]	2351	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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