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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3142

Last change on this file since 3142 was 3130, checked in by gronemeier, 6 years ago
calculate km according to MOST within the surface layer
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 84.5 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3130 2018-07-16 11:08:55Z suehring $
[3130]	28	! move phi_m from turbulence_closure_mod
	29	!
	30	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	31	! Error message revised
	32	!
	33	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	34	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	35	!
	36	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	37	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	38	!
	39	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	40	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	41	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	42	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	43	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	44	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	45	!
	46	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	47	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	48	!
	49	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	50	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	51	!
	52	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	53	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	54	!
	55	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	56	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	57	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	58	! and cloud water content (qc).
	59	!
	60	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	61	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	62	!
	63	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	64	!
[2233]	65	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	66	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	67	! OpenMP bugfix
	68	!
[2119]	69	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	70	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	71	!
[2092]	72	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	73	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	74	!
[2077]	75	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	76	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	77	!
[2074]	78	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	79	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	80	!
[2038]	81	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	82	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	83	!
[2012]	84	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	85	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	86	!
[2008]	87	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	88	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	89	!
[2001]	90	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	91	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	92	!
[1993]	93	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	94	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	95	!
[1961]	96	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	97	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	98	!
[1930]	99	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	100	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	101	! completely surrounded by topography
	102	!
[1921]	103	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	104	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	105	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	106	!
[1916]	107	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	108	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	109	! timestep
	110	!
[1851]	111	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	112	! Module renamed
	113	!
	114	!
[1823]	115	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	116	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	117	!
[1789]	118	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	119	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	120	! humidity.
	121	! Syntax layout improved.
	122	!
[1758]	123	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	124	! Minor fixes.
	125	!
[1750]	126	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	127	! further OpenACC adjustments
	128	!
[1748]	129	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	130	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	131	!
[1710]	132	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	133	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	134	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	135	! neutral = .T.
	136	!
[1706]	137	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	138	! Typo removed
	139	!
[1698]	140	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	141	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	142	!
[1697]	143	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	144	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	145	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	146	! updated description.
	147	!
	148	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	149	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	150	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	151	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	152	! directly prescribed by the user.
	153	!
	154	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	155	! Adapted for land surface model
	156	!
	157	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	158	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	159	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	160	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	161	!
	162	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	163	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	164	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	165	!
	166	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	167	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	168	!
	169	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	170	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	171	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	172	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	173	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	174	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	175	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	176	! all variable declaration statements
	177	!
	178	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	179	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	180	!
	181	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	182	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	183	!
	184	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	185	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	186	!
	187	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	188	! OpenACC statements added
	189	!
	190	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	191	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	192	!
	193	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	194	! Initial revision
	195	!
	196	!
	197	! Description:
	198	! ------------
	199	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	200	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	201	!> available:
	202	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	203	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	204	!> slower
	205	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	206	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	207	!>
	208	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	209	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	210	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	211	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	212	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	213
	214	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	215	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
	216	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw
[1691]	217
[2696]	218	USE chem_modules, &
	219	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	220
[1691]	221	USE cloud_parameters, &
	222	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	223
	224	USE constants, &
	225	ONLY: pi
	226
	227	USE cpulog
	228
	229	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	230	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, cloud_physics, &
	231	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	232	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	233	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
[2232]	234	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	235	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[2292]	236	message_string, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, &
	237	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	238	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[2299]	239	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	240
[2232]	241	USE grid_variables, &
	242	ONLY: dx, dy
	243
[1691]	244	USE indices, &
[2232]	245	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	246
	247	USE kinds
	248
	249	USE pegrid
	250
	251	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	252	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	253
[2232]	254	USE surface_mod, &
	255	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	256	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	257
[1691]	258
	259	IMPLICIT NONE
	260
[1992]	261	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	262	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	263	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	264	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	265	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	266
[2232]	267	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	268
[2232]	269	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	270	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	271	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	272	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	273	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	274	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	275
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	277	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	278
	279	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	280	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	281	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	282	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	283	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	284
[2232]	285	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	286
[2232]	287
[1691]	288	SAVE
	289
	290	PRIVATE
	291
[3130]	292	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, phi_m, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	293
	294	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	295	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	296	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	297
[3130]	298	INTERFACE phi_m
	299	MODULE PROCEDURE phi_m
	300	END INTERFACE phi_m
	301
[1691]	302	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	303	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	304	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	305
	306
	307	CONTAINS
	308
	309
	310	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	311	! Description:
	312	! ------------
	313	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	314	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	315	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	316
	317	IMPLICIT NONE
	318
[2232]	319	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	320	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	321	!
[2696]	322	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	323	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	324	!
[2696]	325	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	326	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	327	DO l = 0, 1
	328	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	329	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	330	CALL calc_pt_q
	331	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_pt_surface
	332	ENDIF
	333	ENDDO
[2232]	334	!
[2696]	335	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	336	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	337	surf => surf_lsm_h
	338	CALL calc_pt_q
	339	ENDIF
	340
	341	!
	342	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	343	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	344	surf => surf_usm_h
	345	CALL calc_pt_q
	346	ENDIF
	347
	348	!
	349	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	350	DO l = 0, 3
	351	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	352	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	353	CALL calc_pt_q
	354	ENDIF
[2696]	355
[2232]	356	!
[2696]	357	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
	358	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	359	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	360	CALL calc_pt_q
	361	ENDIF
[2696]	362	ENDDO
[1691]	363
	364	!
	365	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	366	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	367	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	368	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	369	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	370
	371	!
	372	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	373	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	374	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	375	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	376	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	377	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	378	!
	379	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	380	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	381	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	382	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	383	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	384	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	385	CALL calc_us
	386	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	387	ENDIF
	388	!
[2232]	389	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	390	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	391	surf => surf_lsm_h
	392	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	393	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	394	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	395	CALL calc_us
	396	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	397	ENDIF
	398	!
	399	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	400	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	401	surf => surf_usm_h
	402	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	403	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	404	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	405	CALL calc_us
	406	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	407	ENDIF
	408	!
[1691]	409	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	410	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	411	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	412	!
	413	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	414	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	415	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	416	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	417	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	418	CALL calc_us
	419	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	420	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	421	ENDIF
[2232]	422	!
	423	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	424	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	425	surf => surf_lsm_h
	426	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	427	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	428	CALL calc_us
	429	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	430	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	431	ENDIF
	432	!
	433	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	434	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	435	surf => surf_usm_h
	436	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	437	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	438	CALL calc_us
	439	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	440	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	441	ENDIF
[1691]	442
[2232]	443	ENDIF
	444	!
	445	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	446	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	447	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	448	!-- most_method is required.
	449	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	450	downward = .TRUE.
	451	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	452	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	453	CALL calc_us
	454	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	455	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	456	ENDIF
[2232]	457	!
	458	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	459	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	460	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	461	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	462	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	463	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	464	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	465	!
	466	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	467	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	468	!-- For default-type surfaces
	469	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	470	DO l = 0, 1
	471	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	472	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	473	!
	474	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	475	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	476	!
	477	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	478	CALL calc_us
	479	!
	480	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	481	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	482	ENDIF
	483	ENDDO
	484	!
	485	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	486	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	487	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	488	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	489	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	490	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	491	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	492	DO l = 0, 1
	493	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	494	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	495	!
	496	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	497	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	498	!
	499	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	500	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	501	!
	502	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	503	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	504	!
	505	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	506	CALL calc_us
	507	!
	508	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	509	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	510	ENDIF
	511	ENDDO
	512	ELSE
	513	DO l = 0, 1
	514	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	515	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	516	!
	517	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	518	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	519	!
	520	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	521	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	522	!
	523	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	524	CALL calc_us
	525	!
	526	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	527	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	528	!
	529	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	530	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	531	ENDIF
	532	ENDDO
	533	ENDIF
	534	!
	535	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	536	!-- to be computed.
	537	ELSE
	538	DO l = 0, 1
	539	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	540	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	541	!
	542	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	543	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	544	!
	545	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	546	CALL calc_us
	547	!
	548	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	549	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	550	ENDIF
	551	ENDDO
	552	ENDIF
	553	!
	554	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	555	DO l = 0, 1
	556	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	557	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	558	!
	559	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	560	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	561	!
	562	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	563	CALL calc_us
	564	!
	565	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	566	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	567	ENDIF
	568	ENDDO
	569	!
	570	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	571	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	572	!-- For default-type surfaces
	573	DO l = 2, 3
	574	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	575	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	576	!
	577	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	578	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	579	!
	580	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	581	CALL calc_us
	582	!
	583	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	584	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	585	ENDIF
	586	ENDDO
	587	!
	588	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	589	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	590	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	591	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	592	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	593	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	594	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	595	DO l = 2, 3
	596	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	597	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	598	!
	599	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	600	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	601	!
	602	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	603	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	604	!
	605	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	606	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	607	!
	608	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	609	CALL calc_us
	610	!
	611	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	612	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	613	ENDIF
	614	ENDDO
	615	ELSE
	616	DO l = 2, 3
	617	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	618	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	619	!
	620	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	621	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	622	!
	623	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	624	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	625	!
	626	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	627	CALL calc_us
	628	!
	629	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	630	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	631	!
	632	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	633	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	634	ENDIF
	635	ENDDO
	636	ENDIF
	637	ELSE
	638	DO l = 2, 3
	639	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	640	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	641	!
	642	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	643	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	644	!
	645	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	646	CALL calc_us
	647	!
	648	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	649	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	650	ENDIF
	651	ENDDO
	652	ENDIF
	653	!
	654	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	655	DO l = 2, 3
	656	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	657	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	658	!
	659	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	660	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	661	!
	662	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	663	CALL calc_us
	664	!
	665	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	666	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	667	ENDIF
	668	ENDDO
	669	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	670	!
	671	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	672	!-- surfaces.
	673	mom_w = .TRUE.
	674	!
	675	!-- Default-type surfaces
	676	DO l = 0, 3
	677	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	678	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	679	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	680	CALL calc_us
	681	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	682	ENDIF
	683	ENDDO
	684	!
	685	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	686	DO l = 0, 3
	687	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	688	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	689	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	690	CALL calc_us
	691	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	692	ENDIF
	693	ENDDO
	694	!
	695	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	696	DO l = 0, 3
	697	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	698	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	699	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	700	CALL calc_us
	701	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	702	ENDIF
	703	ENDDO
	704	mom_w = .FALSE.
	705	!
	706	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	707	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	708	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	709	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	710	!
	711	!-- Default-type surfaces
	712	DO l = 0, 3
	713	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	714	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	715	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	716	CALL calc_us
	717	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	718	ENDIF
	719	ENDDO
	720	!
	721	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	722	DO l = 0, 3
	723	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	724	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	725	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	726	CALL calc_us
	727	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	728	ENDIF
	729	ENDDO
	730	!
	731	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	732	DO l = 0, 3
	733	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	734	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	735	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	736	CALL calc_us
	737	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	738	ENDIF
	739	ENDDO
	740	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	741
[1691]	742
	743	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	744
	745
	746	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	747	! Description:
	748	! ------------
	749	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	750	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	751	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	752	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	753	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	754
	755	IMPLICIT NONE
	756
[2232]	757	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	758	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	759
	760	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	761
	762	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	763
	764	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	765
	766
	767	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	768	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	769	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	770	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	771	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	772
	773
[1709]	774
[2232]	775
[1709]	776	!
	777	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	778	!-- large value
[2232]	779	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	780	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	781	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	782	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	783	ENDIF
[1709]	784
[1691]	785	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	786
	787	!
	788	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	789	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	790	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	791	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	792	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	793	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	794	ENDIF
[1691]	795	ENDIF
[2232]	796	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	797	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	798	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	799	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	800	ENDIF
	801	ENDIF
	802	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	803	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	804	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	805	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	806	ENDIF
	807	ENDIF
	808	!
	809	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	810	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	811	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	812	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	813	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	814	ENDIF
	815	ENDIF
	816	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	817	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	818	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	819	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	820	ENDIF
	821	ENDIF
	822	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	823	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	824	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	825	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	826	ENDIF
	827	ENDIF
[1691]	828
[2232]	829
[1691]	830	#if defined( __parallel )
	831	!
	832	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	833	!-- is TRUE
	834	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	835	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	836	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	837	#else
	838	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	839	#endif
	840
	841	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	842	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	843	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	844	'heterogeneity'
[3045]	845	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0116', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1691]	846	ENDIF
	847
	848	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	849
	850	!
	851	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	852	k = nzb
[1691]	853	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	854
	855	!
	856	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	857	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	858	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	859	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	860	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	861	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	862	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	863
[2232]	864	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	865	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	866	ENDDO
	867
	868	!
	869	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	870	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	871	regr_old = regr
	872	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	873	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	874	ENDDO
	875
	876	!
	877	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	878	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	879	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	880	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	881	ENDDO
	882
	883	!
[1757]	884	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	885	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	886	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	887	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	888	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	889	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	890	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	891	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	892	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	893	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	894	ENDIF
[1691]	895	!
	896	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	897	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	898	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	899	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	900	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	901	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	902	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	903	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	904	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	905	)**3
	906	ENDDO
	907	ELSE
[2232]	908	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	909	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	910	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	911	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	912	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	913	) &
	914	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	915	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	916	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	917	)**2
	918	ENDDO
	919	ENDIF
	920
	921	!
	922	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	923	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	924	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	925	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	926
	927	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	928	ENDIF
	929
	930	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	931
	932
	933	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	934	! Description:
	935	! ------------
[1709]	936	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	937	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	938	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	939	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	940
	941	IMPLICIT NONE
	942
[2232]	943	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	944	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	945	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	946	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	947	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	948
[2232]	949	!
	950	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	951	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	952
[2232]	953	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	954
[2232]	955	i = surf%i(m)
	956	j = surf%j(m)
	957	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	958	!
[2232]	959	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	960	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	961	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	962	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	963	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	964	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	965	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	966	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	967	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	968	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	969	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	970	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	971	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	972	) * ibit &
	973	) &
	974	)**2 + &
	975	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	976	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	977	) * ibit &
	978	) &
	979	)**2 &
	980	)
	981
[1691]	982	ENDDO
	983
[2232]	984	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	985
	986
	987	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	988	! Description:
	989	! ------------
	990	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	991	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	992	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	993	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	994
	995	IMPLICIT NONE
	996
	997	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	998	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	999	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1000	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1001
	1002	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1003	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1004
	1005
	1006	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1007	i = surf%i(m)
	1008	j = surf%j(m)
	1009	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1010	!
[2232]	1011	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1012	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1013	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1014	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1015
[2232]	1016	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1017
[2232]	1018	ENDDO
[1709]	1019
[2232]	1020	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1021
[1709]	1022	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1023	! Description:
	1024	! ------------
[2232]	1025	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1026	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1027	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1028	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1029
	1030	IMPLICIT NONE
	1031
	1032	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1033	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1034	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1035	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1036
	1037	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1038	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1039
	1040
	1041	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1042	i = surf%i(m)
	1043	j = surf%j(m)
	1044	k = surf%k(m)
	1045
	1046	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1047	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1048	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1049
	1050	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1051
	1052	ENDDO
	1053
	1054	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1055
	1056	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1057	! Description:
	1058	! ------------
	1059	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1060	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1061	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1062	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1063
	1064	IMPLICIT NONE
	1065
	1066	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1067	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1068	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1069	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1070
	1071	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1072	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1073	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1074	!
	1075	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1076	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1077	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1078	i = surf%i(m)
	1079	j = surf%j(m)
	1080	k = surf%k(m)
	1081
	1082	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1083	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1084	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1085	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1086
	1087	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1088	ENDDO
	1089	!
	1090	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1091	ELSE
	1092	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1093	i = surf%i(m)
	1094	j = surf%j(m)
	1095	k = surf%k(m)
	1096
	1097	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1098	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1099	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1100	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1101
	1102	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1103	ENDDO
	1104	ENDIF
	1105
	1106	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1107
	1108	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1109	! Description:
	1110	! ------------
	1111	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1112	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1113	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1114	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1115
	1116	IMPLICIT NONE
	1117
	1118	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1119	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1120	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1121	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1122
	1123	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1124	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1125	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1126
	1127	!
	1128	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1129	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1130	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1131	i = surf%i(m)
	1132	j = surf%j(m)
	1133	k = surf%k(m)
	1134
	1135	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1136	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1137	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1138
	1139	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1140	ENDDO
	1141	!
	1142	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1143	ELSE
	1144	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1145	i = surf%i(m)
	1146	j = surf%j(m)
	1147	k = surf%k(m)
	1148
	1149	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1150	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1151	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1152
	1153	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1154	ENDDO
	1155	ENDIF
	1156
	1157	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1158
	1159
	1160	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1161	! Description:
	1162	! ------------
[1709]	1163	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1164	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1165	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1166
	1167	IMPLICIT NONE
	1168
[2232]	1169	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1170	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1171	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1172
	1173	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1174	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1175	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1176	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1177	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1178	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1179
[1691]	1180	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1181	!
	1182	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1183	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1184	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1185	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1186	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1187	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1188
[2232]	1189	i = surf%i(m)
	1190	j = surf%j(m)
	1191	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1192
[2232]	1193	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1194
	1195	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1196	( vpt(k,j,i) - vpt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1197	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 vpt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1198	ENDDO
	1199	ELSE
	1200	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1201	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1202
	1203	i = surf%i(m)
	1204	j = surf%j(m)
	1205	k = surf%k(m)
	1206
	1207	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1208
	1209	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1210	( pt(k,j,i) - pt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1211	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 pt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1212	ENDDO
	1213	ENDIF
	1214	ELSE
	1215	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1216	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1217	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1218
	1219	i = surf%i(m)
	1220	j = surf%j(m)
	1221	k = surf%k(m)
	1222
	1223	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1224
	1225	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
	1226	* q(k,j,i) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1227	* pt(k,j,i) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
	1228	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1229	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 vpt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1230	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1231	ENDDO
	1232	ELSE
	1233	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1234	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1235
[2232]	1236	i = surf%i(m)
	1237	j = surf%j(m)
	1238	k = surf%k(m)
	1239
	1240	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1241
	1242	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1243	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1244	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 pt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
	1245	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1246	ENDDO
	1247	ENDIF
	1248	ENDIF
	1249
[1691]	1250	ENDIF
	1251
[2232]	1252
[1691]	1253	!
	1254	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1255	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1256	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1257
[2232]	1258	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1259
[2232]	1260	i = surf%i(m)
	1261	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1262
[2232]	1263	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1264
[1691]	1265	!
[2232]	1266	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1267	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1268
	1269	!
[2232]	1270	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1271	!-- length have the same sign
	1272	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1273	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1274	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1275	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1276	ENDIF
[1691]	1277	!
[2232]	1278	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1279	iter = 0
	1280	DO
	1281	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1282	!
[2232]	1283	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1284	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1285	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1286	EXIT
	1287	ENDIF
[1691]	1288
[2232]	1289	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1290	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1291	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1292
	1293
[2232]	1294	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1295	!
[2232]	1296	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1297	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1298	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1299	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1300	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1301	ol_m ) &
	1302	) &
	1303	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1304	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1305	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1306	ol_m ) &
	1307	)**2
[1691]	1308
	1309	!
[2232]	1310	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1311	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1312	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1313	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1314	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1315	) &
	1316	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1317	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1318	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1319	)**2 &
	1320	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1321	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1322	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1323	) &
	1324	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1325	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1326	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1327	)**2 &
	1328	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1329	ELSE
[1691]	1330	!
[2232]	1331	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1332	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1333	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1334	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1335	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1336	)**3
[1691]	1337
	1338	!
[2232]	1339	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1340	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1341	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1342	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1343	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1344	)**3 &
	1345	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1346	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1347	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1348	)**3 &
	1349	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1350	ENDIF
[1691]	1351	!
[2232]	1352	!-- Calculate new L
	1353	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1354
	1355	!
[2232]	1356	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1357	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1358	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1359	!
[2232]	1360	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1361	!-- value that is allowed
	1362	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1363	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1364	EXIT
	1365	ENDIF
[1691]	1366	!
[2232]	1367	!-- Check for convergence
	1368	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1369	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1370	EXIT
	1371	ELSE
	1372	CYCLE
	1373	ENDIF
[1691]	1374
	1375	ENDDO
	1376	ENDDO
	1377
	1378	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1379
[2281]	1380	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1381	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1382
[2232]	1383	i = surf%i(m)
	1384	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1385	!
[2232]	1386	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1387	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1388	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1389	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1390
	1391	!
[2232]	1392	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1393	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1394	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1395	!-- correct direction
	1396	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1397	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1398	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1399	li = li-1
	1400	ENDDO
	1401	ELSE
	1402	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1403	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1404	li = li+1
	1405	ENDDO
	1406	ENDIF
	1407	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1408
	1409	!
[2232]	1410	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1411	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1412	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1413	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1414
	1415	ENDDO
	1416
	1417	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1418
[2232]	1419	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
	1420	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1421	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1422
[2232]	1423	i = surf%i(m)
	1424	j = surf%j(m)
	1425	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1426
[2232]	1427	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1428
[2232]	1429	surf%ol(m) = ( pt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1430	( kappa * g * &
	1431	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1432	!
	1433	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1434	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1435	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1436	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1437	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1438	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1439	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1440	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1441	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1442
[1691]	1443	ENDDO
[2547]	1444	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1445	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1446	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1447
[2232]	1448	i = surf%i(m)
	1449	j = surf%j(m)
	1450	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1451
[2232]	1452	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1453
	1454
	1455	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1456	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1457	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1458	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1459	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1460	!
[2232]	1461	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1462	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1463	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1464	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1465	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1466	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1467	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1468	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1469	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1470
[2232]	1471	ENDDO
	1472	ELSE
	1473
	1474	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1475	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1476
	1477	i = surf%i(m)
	1478	j = surf%j(m)
	1479	k = surf%k(m)
	1480
	1481	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1482
	1483	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1484	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * pt(k,j,i) * &
	1485	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) * &
	1486	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1487
	1488	!
	1489	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1490	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1491	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1492	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1493	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1494	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1495	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1496	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1497	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1498
	1499	ENDDO
	1500
	1501	ENDIF
	1502
	1503	ENDIF
	1504
[1691]	1505	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1506
	1507	!
	1508	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1509	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1510
	1511	IMPLICIT NONE
	1512
[2232]	1513	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1514
[2232]	1515	!
	1516	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1517	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1518	!
	1519	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1520	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1521	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1522	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1523
[2232]	1524	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1525	!
[2232]	1526	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1527	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1528	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1529	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1530	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1531
	1532	ENDDO
	1533	!
	1534	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1535	!-- any stability.
	1536	ELSE
[2281]	1537	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1538	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1539
	1540	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1541	!
	1542	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1543	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1544
	1545	ENDDO
	1546	ENDIF
	1547	!
	1548	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1549	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1550	ELSE
	1551	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1552	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1553	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1554
	1555	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1556	ENDDO
[2232]	1557	ENDIF
[1691]	1558
	1559	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1560
	1561	!
	1562	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
[2232]	1563	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
[1691]	1564	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1565
	1566	IMPLICIT NONE
	1567
[2232]	1568	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1569
	1570	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1571	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1572
	1573	i = surf%i(m)
	1574	j = surf%j(m)
	1575	k = surf%k(m)
	1576
[2547]	1577	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1578	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1579	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1580	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
	1581	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1582	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1583	ELSE
	1584	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1585	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1586	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1587	ELSE
	1588	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1589	ENDIF
[2547]	1590	ENDIF
[2232]	1591
[1691]	1592	ENDDO
	1593
	1594	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1595
[2696]	1596
[1691]	1597	!
[2696]	1598	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	1599	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1600	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1601
	1602	IMPLICIT NONE
	1603
	1604	INTEGER(iwp) :: koff !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1605	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1606
	1607	koff = surf%koff
	1608	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1609	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1610
	1611	i = surf%i(m)
	1612	j = surf%j(m)
	1613	k = surf%k(m)
	1614
	1615	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+koff,j,i)
	1616
	1617	ENDDO
	1618
	1619	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1620
	1621	!
[2292]	1622	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1623	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1624
	1625	IMPLICIT NONE
	1626
[2232]	1627
	1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1629	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1630	!
[2232]	1631	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1632	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1633	!
	1634	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1635
	1636	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1637	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1638
	1639	i = surf%i(m)
	1640	j = surf%j(m)
	1641	k = surf%k(m)
	1642
	1643	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1644	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1645
[1691]	1646	!
[2232]	1647	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1648	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1649	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1650	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1651
[1691]	1652	ENDDO
	1653
[2232]	1654	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1655	!
	1656	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1657	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1658
	1659	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1660	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1661	i = surf%i(m)
	1662	j = surf%j(m)
	1663	k = surf%k(m)
	1664
	1665	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1666	ENDDO
	1667	ENDIF
	1668
[2696]	1669	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1670	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1671
[2696]	1672	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1673
[2696]	1674	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1675	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1676	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1677	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1678
[2696]	1679	ENDDO
[2232]	1680
	1681	ENDIF
	1682	!
	1683	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1684	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1685	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1686	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1687	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1688
	1689	i = surf%i(m)
	1690	j = surf%j(m)
	1691	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1692	!
	1693	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1694	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1695	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1696	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1697
[1691]	1698	ENDDO
	1699	ENDIF
	1700
	1701	!
[2232]	1702	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1703	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1704	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1705	!
[1788]	1706	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1707	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1708	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1709
	1710	i = surf%i(m)
	1711	j = surf%j(m)
	1712	k = surf%k(m)
	1713	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1714	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1715
[1691]	1716	ENDDO
	1717
[2232]	1718	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1719	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1720	run_coupled )
	1721
[1788]	1722	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1723	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1724	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1725
	1726	i = surf%i(m)
	1727	j = surf%j(m)
	1728	k = surf%k(m)
	1729	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1730
[1691]	1731	ENDDO
	1732	ENDIF
	1733
	1734	!
[2232]	1735	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1736	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1737	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1738	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1739	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1740	i = surf%i(m)
	1741	j = surf%j(m)
	1742	k = surf%k(m)
	1743	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1744	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1745	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1746	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1747	ENDDO
	1748	ENDIF
[1691]	1749
[2547]	1750	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1751	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1752	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1753
[2232]	1754	i = surf%i(m)
	1755	j = surf%j(m)
	1756	k = surf%k(m)
	1757
	1758	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1759
[2232]	1760	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1761	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1762	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1763	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1764	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1765	ENDDO
[2232]	1766	ELSE
	1767	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1768	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1769
	1770	i = surf%i(m)
	1771	j = surf%j(m)
	1772	k = surf%k(m)
	1773
	1774	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1775
	1776	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1777	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1778	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1779	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1780	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1781	ENDDO
	1782	ENDIF
	1783	ENDIF
	1784	!
	1785	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1786	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1787	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1788	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1789
	1790	i = surf%i(m)
	1791	j = surf%j(m)
	1792	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1793
[1691]	1794	ENDDO
	1795	ENDIF
	1796	ENDIF
[1960]	1797
	1798	!
	1799	!-- If required compute s*
	1800	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1801	!
[2232]	1802	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1803	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1804	!
	1805	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1806	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1807	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1808	i = surf%i(m)
	1809	j = surf%j(m)
	1810	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1811	ENDDO
	1812	ENDIF
[2232]	1813	!
	1814	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1815	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1816	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1817	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1818	i = surf%i(m)
	1819	j = surf%j(m)
	1820	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1821	ENDDO
	1822	ENDIF
[1960]	1823	ENDIF
[1691]	1824
[2292]	1825	!
[2696]	1826	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1827	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1828	!
	1829	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1830	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1831	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1832	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1833	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1834	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1835	i = surf%i(m)
	1836	j = surf%j(m)
	1837	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1838	ENDDO
	1839	ENDIF
	1840	ENDDO
	1841	!
	1842	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1843	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1844	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1845	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1846	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1847	i = surf%i(m)
	1848	j = surf%j(m)
	1849	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1850	ENDDO
	1851	ENDDO
	1852	ENDIF
	1853	ENDIF
	1854
	1855	!
[2292]	1856	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
	1857	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1858	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1859	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1860	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1861
[2292]	1862	i = surf%i(m)
	1863	j = surf%j(m)
	1864	k = surf%k(m)
	1865
	1866	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1867
	1868	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1869	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1870	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1871	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1872
	1873	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1874	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1875	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1876	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1877	ENDDO
	1878
	1879	ENDIF
	1880
[1691]	1881	!
	1882	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[2232]	1883	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
	1884	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1885	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1886	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1887
[2232]	1888	i = surf%i(m)
	1889	j = surf%j(m)
	1890	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1891
[2232]	1892	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1893
[2232]	1894	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1895	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1896	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1897	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1898
[2232]	1899	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1900	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1901	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1902	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1903	ENDDO
	1904
	1905	ENDIF
	1906
	1907	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1908
	1909
	1910
	1911	!
[2292]	1912	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1913	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1914
	1915	IMPLICIT NONE
	1916
[2696]	1917	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1918	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1919
[2232]	1920	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1921	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1922	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1923	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1924	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1925	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1926
	1927	!
[2232]	1928	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1929	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1930	!
	1931	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1932	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1933	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1934	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1935	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1936
	1937	i = surf%i(m)
	1938	j = surf%j(m)
	1939	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1940
[2232]	1941	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1942
[2232]	1943	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1944	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1945	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1946	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1947	!
	1948	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1949	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1950	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1951	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1952	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1953	!-- tests had shown.
	1954	!-- Same also for ol.
	1955	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1956
[2232]	1957	ENDDO
[1691]	1958	!
[2232]	1959	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1960	ELSE
	1961	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1962	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1963
	1964	i = surf%i(m)
	1965	j = surf%j(m)
	1966	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1967
[2232]	1968	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1969
	1970	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1971	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1972
[2232]	1973	ENDDO
	1974	ENDIF
[1691]	1975
[2232]	1976	!
	1977	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1978	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1979	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	1980	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1981	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1982	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1983	i = surf%i(m)
	1984	j = surf%j(m)
	1985	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1986
[2232]	1987	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1988
[2232]	1989	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1990	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1991	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1992	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1993	!
[2232]	1994	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1995	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	1996	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1997	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1998	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1999	!-- tests had shown.
	2000	!-- Same also for ol.
	2001	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2002	ENDDO
	2003	!
	2004	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	2005	ELSE
	2006	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2007	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2008	i = surf%i(m)
	2009	j = surf%j(m)
	2010	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2011
[2232]	2012	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2013
	2014	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2015	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2016	ENDDO
	2017	ENDIF
[1691]	2018	!
[2232]	2019	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2020	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2021	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2022	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2023	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2024	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2025	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2026	i = surf%i(m)
	2027	j = surf%j(m)
	2028	k = surf%k(m)
	2029	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2030	ENDDO
[2232]	2031	ENDIF
	2032	!
	2033	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2034	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2035	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2036	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2037	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2038	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2039	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2040	i = surf%i(m)
	2041	j = surf%j(m)
	2042	k = surf%k(m)
	2043	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2044	ENDDO
	2045	ENDIF
	2046	!
	2047	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2048	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2049	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2050	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2051	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2052
[2232]	2053	i = surf%i(m)
	2054	j = surf%j(m)
	2055	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2056
[2232]	2057	ENDDO
[2292]	2058	ENDIF
[1691]	2059	!
[2696]	2060	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2061	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2062	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2063	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2064	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2065	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2066	i = surf%i(m)
	2067	j = surf%j(m)
	2068	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2069	ENDDO
	2070	ENDIF
	2071	ENDDO
	2072
	2073	!
[2292]	2074	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
	2075	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	2076	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2077	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2078	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2079
	2080	i = surf%i(m)
	2081	j = surf%j(m)
	2082
	2083	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2084	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2085	ENDDO
	2086	ENDIF
	2087	!
[2232]	2088	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[2292]	2089	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2090	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2091	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2092	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2093
	2094	i = surf%i(m)
	2095	j = surf%j(m)
	2096
	2097	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2098	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2099	ENDDO
[2232]	2100	ENDIF
[1691]	2101
[1960]	2102	!
[2232]	2103	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2104	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2105	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2106	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2107
	2108	i = surf%i(m)
	2109	j = surf%j(m)
	2110	k = surf%k(m)
	2111
	2112	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2113	!
	2114	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2115	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2116	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2117
[1960]	2118	ENDDO
[2232]	2119	ENDIF
	2120	!
	2121	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2122	ELSE
	2123	!
	2124	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2125	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2126	!
	2127	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2128	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2129	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2130	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2131	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2132	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2133	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2134	i = surf%i(m)
	2135	j = surf%j(m)
	2136	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2137
[2232]	2138	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2139
[2232]	2140	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2141	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2142	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2143
	2144	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2145	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2146	ENDDO
	2147	ENDIF
[1691]	2148	!
[2232]	2149	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2150	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2151	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2152	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2153	i = surf%i(m)
	2154	j = surf%j(m)
	2155	k = surf%k(m)
	2156
	2157	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2158
	2159	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2160
	2161	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2162	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2163	ENDDO
[2232]	2164	ENDIF
	2165	!
	2166	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2167	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2168	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2169	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2170	!--
	2171	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2172	!
	2173	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2174	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2175	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2176	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2177
[2232]	2178	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2179	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2180	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2181	i = surf%i(m)
	2182	j = surf%j(m)
	2183	k = surf%k(m)
	2184
	2185	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2186	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2187	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2188	ENDDO
	2189	ELSE
	2190	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2191	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2192	i = surf%i(m)
	2193	j = surf%j(m)
	2194	k = surf%k(m)
	2195
	2196	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2197	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2198	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2199	ENDDO
	2200	ENDIF
	2201
[2281]	2202	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2203	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2204	i = surf%i(m)
	2205	j = surf%j(m)
	2206
	2207	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2208
	2209	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2210	!
[2232]	2211	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2212	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2213	!
[2232]	2214	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2215	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2216
	2217	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2218	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2219	ENDDO
[2232]	2220	!
	2221	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2222	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2223	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2224	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2225	ENDIF
[1691]	2226	ENDIF
	2227
	2228	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2229
	2230
	2231	!
	2232	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2233	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2234
	2235	USE kinds
	2236
	2237	IMPLICIT NONE
	2238
	2239	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2240	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2241	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2242
	2243	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2244	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2245	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2246	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2247	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2248	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2249
	2250
	2251	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2252	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2253	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2254	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2255	ELSE
	2256
	2257	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2258	- bc_d_d
	2259	!
	2260	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2261	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2262
	2263	ENDIF
	2264
	2265	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2266
	2267
	2268	!
	2269	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2270	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2271
	2272	USE kinds
	2273
	2274	IMPLICIT NONE
	2275
	2276	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2277	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2278	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2279
	2280	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2281	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2282	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2283	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2284	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2285	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2286
	2287
	2288	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2289	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2290	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2291	ELSE
	2292	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2293	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2294	+ 1.0_wp
	2295	!
	2296	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2297	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2298	ENDIF
	2299
	2300	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2301
[3130]	2302
	2303	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2304	! Description:
	2305	! ------------
	2306	!> Calculates stability function for momentum
	2307	!>
	2308	!> @author Hauke Wurps
	2309	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2310	FUNCTION phi_m( zeta )
	2311
	2312	IMPLICIT NONE
	2313
	2314	REAL(wp) :: phi_m !< Value of the function
	2315	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2316
	2317	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 16.0_wp !< constant
	2318	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2319
	2320	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2321	phi_m = 1.0_wp / SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - a * zeta ) )
	2322	ELSE
	2323	phi_m = 1.0_wp + c * zeta
	2324	ENDIF
	2325
	2326	END FUNCTION phi_m
	2327
[1697]	2328	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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