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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 3053

Last change on this file since 3053 was 3045, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
Code adjusted according to coding standards, renamed namelists, error messages revised until PA0347, output CASE 108 disabled
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 83.6 KB

Rev	Line
[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z suehring $
[3045]	28	! Error message revised
	29	!
	30	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	31	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	32	!
	33	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	34	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	35	!
	36	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	37	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	38	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	39	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	40	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	41	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	42	!
	43	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	44	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	45	!
	46	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	47	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	48	!
	49	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	50	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	51	!
	52	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	53	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	54	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	55	! and cloud water content (qc).
	56	!
	57	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	58	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	59	!
	60	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	61	!
[2233]	62	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	63	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	64	! OpenMP bugfix
	65	!
[2119]	66	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	67	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	68	!
[2092]	69	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	70	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	71	!
[2077]	72	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	73	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	74	!
[2074]	75	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	76	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	77	!
[2038]	78	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	79	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	80	!
[2012]	81	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	82	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	83	!
[2008]	84	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	85	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	86	!
[2001]	87	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	88	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	89	!
[1993]	90	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	91	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	92	!
[1961]	93	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	94	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	95	!
[1930]	96	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	97	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	98	! completely surrounded by topography
	99	!
[1921]	100	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	101	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	102	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	103	!
[1916]	104	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	105	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	106	! timestep
	107	!
[1851]	108	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	109	! Module renamed
	110	!
	111	!
[1823]	112	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	113	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	114	!
[1789]	115	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	116	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	117	! humidity.
	118	! Syntax layout improved.
	119	!
[1758]	120	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	121	! Minor fixes.
	122	!
[1750]	123	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	124	! further OpenACC adjustments
	125	!
[1748]	126	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	127	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	128	!
[1710]	129	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	130	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	131	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	132	! neutral = .T.
	133	!
[1706]	134	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	135	! Typo removed
	136	!
[1698]	137	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	138	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	139	!
[1697]	140	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	141	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	142	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	143	! updated description.
	144	!
	145	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	146	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	147	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	148	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	149	! directly prescribed by the user.
	150	!
	151	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	152	! Adapted for land surface model
	153	!
	154	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	155	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	156	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	157	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	158	!
	159	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	160	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	161	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	162	!
	163	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	164	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	165	!
	166	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	167	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	168	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	169	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	170	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	171	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	172	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	173	! all variable declaration statements
	174	!
	175	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	176	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	177	!
	178	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	179	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	180	!
	181	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	182	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	183	!
	184	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	185	! OpenACC statements added
	186	!
	187	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	188	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	189	!
	190	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	191	! Initial revision
	192	!
	193	!
	194	! Description:
	195	! ------------
	196	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	197	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	198	!> available:
	199	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	200	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	201	!> slower
	202	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	203	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	204	!>
	205	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	206	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	207	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	208	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	209	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	210
	211	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	212	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
	213	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw
[1691]	214
[2696]	215	USE chem_modules, &
	216	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	217
[1691]	218	USE cloud_parameters, &
	219	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	220
	221	USE constants, &
	222	ONLY: pi
	223
	224	USE cpulog
	225
	226	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	227	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, cloud_physics, &
	228	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	229	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	230	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
[2232]	231	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	232	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[2292]	233	message_string, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, &
	234	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	235	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[2299]	236	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	237
[2232]	238	USE grid_variables, &
	239	ONLY: dx, dy
	240
[1691]	241	USE indices, &
[2232]	242	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	243
	244	USE kinds
	245
	246	USE pegrid
	247
	248	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	249	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	250
[2232]	251	USE surface_mod, &
	252	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	253	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	254
[1691]	255
	256	IMPLICIT NONE
	257
[1992]	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	259	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	260	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	261	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	262	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	263
[2232]	264	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	265
[2232]	266	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	267	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	268	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	269	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	270	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	271	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	272
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	274	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	275
	276	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	277	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	278	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	279	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	280	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	281
[2232]	282	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	283
[2232]	284
[1691]	285	SAVE
	286
	287	PRIVATE
	288
[2232]	289	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	290
	291	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	292	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	293	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	294
	295	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	296	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	297	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	298
	299
	300	CONTAINS
	301
	302
	303	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	304	! Description:
	305	! ------------
	306	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	307	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	308	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	309
	310	IMPLICIT NONE
	311
[2232]	312	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	313	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	314	!
[2696]	315	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	316	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	317	!
[2696]	318	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	319	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	320	DO l = 0, 1
	321	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	322	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	323	CALL calc_pt_q
	324	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_pt_surface
	325	ENDIF
	326	ENDDO
[2232]	327	!
[2696]	328	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	329	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	330	surf => surf_lsm_h
	331	CALL calc_pt_q
	332	ENDIF
	333
	334	!
	335	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	336	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	337	surf => surf_usm_h
	338	CALL calc_pt_q
	339	ENDIF
	340
	341	!
	342	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	343	DO l = 0, 3
	344	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	345	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	346	CALL calc_pt_q
	347	ENDIF
[2696]	348
[2232]	349	!
[2696]	350	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
	351	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	352	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	353	CALL calc_pt_q
	354	ENDIF
[2696]	355	ENDDO
[1691]	356
	357	!
	358	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	359	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	360	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	361	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	362	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	363
	364	!
	365	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	366	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	367	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	368	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	369	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	370	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	371	!
	372	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	373	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	374	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	375	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	376	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	377	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	378	CALL calc_us
	379	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	380	ENDIF
	381	!
[2232]	382	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	383	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	384	surf => surf_lsm_h
	385	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	386	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	387	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	388	CALL calc_us
	389	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	390	ENDIF
	391	!
	392	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	393	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	394	surf => surf_usm_h
	395	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	396	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	397	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	398	CALL calc_us
	399	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	400	ENDIF
	401	!
[1691]	402	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	403	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	404	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	405	!
	406	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	407	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	408	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	409	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	410	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	411	CALL calc_us
	412	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	413	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	414	ENDIF
[2232]	415	!
	416	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	417	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	418	surf => surf_lsm_h
	419	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	420	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	421	CALL calc_us
	422	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	423	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	424	ENDIF
	425	!
	426	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	427	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	428	surf => surf_usm_h
	429	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	430	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	431	CALL calc_us
	432	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	433	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	434	ENDIF
[1691]	435
[2232]	436	ENDIF
	437	!
	438	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	439	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	440	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	441	!-- most_method is required.
	442	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	443	downward = .TRUE.
	444	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	445	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	446	CALL calc_us
	447	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	448	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	449	ENDIF
[2232]	450	!
	451	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	452	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	453	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	454	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	455	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	456	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	457	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	458	!
	459	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	460	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	461	!-- For default-type surfaces
	462	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	463	DO l = 0, 1
	464	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	465	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	466	!
	467	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	468	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	469	!
	470	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	471	CALL calc_us
	472	!
	473	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	474	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	475	ENDIF
	476	ENDDO
	477	!
	478	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	479	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	480	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	481	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	482	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	483	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	484	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	485	DO l = 0, 1
	486	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	487	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	488	!
	489	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	490	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	491	!
	492	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	493	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	494	!
	495	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	496	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	497	!
	498	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	499	CALL calc_us
	500	!
	501	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	502	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	503	ENDIF
	504	ENDDO
	505	ELSE
	506	DO l = 0, 1
	507	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	508	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	509	!
	510	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	511	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	512	!
	513	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	514	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	515	!
	516	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	517	CALL calc_us
	518	!
	519	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	520	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	521	!
	522	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	523	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	524	ENDIF
	525	ENDDO
	526	ENDIF
	527	!
	528	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	529	!-- to be computed.
	530	ELSE
	531	DO l = 0, 1
	532	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	533	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	534	!
	535	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	536	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	537	!
	538	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	539	CALL calc_us
	540	!
	541	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	542	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	543	ENDIF
	544	ENDDO
	545	ENDIF
	546	!
	547	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	548	DO l = 0, 1
	549	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	550	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	551	!
	552	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	553	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	554	!
	555	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	556	CALL calc_us
	557	!
	558	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	559	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	560	ENDIF
	561	ENDDO
	562	!
	563	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	564	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	565	!-- For default-type surfaces
	566	DO l = 2, 3
	567	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	568	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	569	!
	570	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	571	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	572	!
	573	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	574	CALL calc_us
	575	!
	576	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	577	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	578	ENDIF
	579	ENDDO
	580	!
	581	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	582	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	583	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	584	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	585	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	586	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	587	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	588	DO l = 2, 3
	589	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	590	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	591	!
	592	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	593	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	594	!
	595	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	596	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	597	!
	598	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	599	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	600	!
	601	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	602	CALL calc_us
	603	!
	604	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	605	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	606	ENDIF
	607	ENDDO
	608	ELSE
	609	DO l = 2, 3
	610	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	611	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	612	!
	613	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	614	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	615	!
	616	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	617	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	618	!
	619	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	620	CALL calc_us
	621	!
	622	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	623	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	624	!
	625	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	626	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	627	ENDIF
	628	ENDDO
	629	ENDIF
	630	ELSE
	631	DO l = 2, 3
	632	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	633	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	634	!
	635	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	636	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	637	!
	638	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	639	CALL calc_us
	640	!
	641	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	642	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	643	ENDIF
	644	ENDDO
	645	ENDIF
	646	!
	647	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	648	DO l = 2, 3
	649	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	650	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	651	!
	652	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	653	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	654	!
	655	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	656	CALL calc_us
	657	!
	658	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	659	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	660	ENDIF
	661	ENDDO
	662	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	663	!
	664	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	665	!-- surfaces.
	666	mom_w = .TRUE.
	667	!
	668	!-- Default-type surfaces
	669	DO l = 0, 3
	670	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	671	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	672	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	673	CALL calc_us
	674	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	675	ENDIF
	676	ENDDO
	677	!
	678	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	679	DO l = 0, 3
	680	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	681	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	682	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	683	CALL calc_us
	684	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	685	ENDIF
	686	ENDDO
	687	!
	688	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	689	DO l = 0, 3
	690	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	691	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	692	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	693	CALL calc_us
	694	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	695	ENDIF
	696	ENDDO
	697	mom_w = .FALSE.
	698	!
	699	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	700	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	701	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	702	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	703	!
	704	!-- Default-type surfaces
	705	DO l = 0, 3
	706	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	707	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	708	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	709	CALL calc_us
	710	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	711	ENDIF
	712	ENDDO
	713	!
	714	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	715	DO l = 0, 3
	716	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	717	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	718	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	719	CALL calc_us
	720	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	721	ENDIF
	722	ENDDO
	723	!
	724	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	725	DO l = 0, 3
	726	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	727	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	728	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	729	CALL calc_us
	730	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	731	ENDIF
	732	ENDDO
	733	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	734
[1691]	735
	736	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	737
	738
	739	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	740	! Description:
	741	! ------------
	742	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	743	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	744	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	745	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	746	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	747
	748	IMPLICIT NONE
	749
[2232]	750	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	751	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	752
	753	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	754
	755	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	756
	757	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	758
	759
	760	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	761	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	762	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	763	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	764	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	765
	766
[1709]	767
[2232]	768
[1709]	769	!
	770	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	771	!-- large value
[2232]	772	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	773	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	774	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	775	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	776	ENDIF
[1709]	777
[1691]	778	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	779
	780	!
	781	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	782	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	783	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	784	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	785	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	786	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	787	ENDIF
[1691]	788	ENDIF
[2232]	789	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	790	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	791	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	792	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	793	ENDIF
	794	ENDIF
	795	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	796	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	797	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	798	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	799	ENDIF
	800	ENDIF
	801	!
	802	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	803	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	804	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	805	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	806	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	807	ENDIF
	808	ENDIF
	809	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	810	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	811	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	812	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	813	ENDIF
	814	ENDIF
	815	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	816	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	817	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	818	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	819	ENDIF
	820	ENDIF
[1691]	821
[2232]	822
[1691]	823	#if defined( __parallel )
	824	!
	825	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	826	!-- is TRUE
	827	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	828	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	829	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	830	#else
	831	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	832	#endif
	833
	834	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	835	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	836	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	837	'heterogeneity'
[3045]	838	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0116', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1691]	839	ENDIF
	840
	841	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	842
	843	!
	844	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	845	k = nzb
[1691]	846	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	847
	848	!
	849	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	850	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	851	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	852	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	853	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	854	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	855	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	856
[2232]	857	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	858	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	859	ENDDO
	860
	861	!
	862	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	863	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	864	regr_old = regr
	865	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	866	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	867	ENDDO
	868
	869	!
	870	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	871	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	872	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	873	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	874	ENDDO
	875
	876	!
[1757]	877	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	878	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	879	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	880	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	881	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	882	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	883	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	884	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	885	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	886	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	887	ENDIF
[1691]	888	!
	889	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	890	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	891	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	892	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	893	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	894	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	895	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	896	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	897	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	898	)**3
	899	ENDDO
	900	ELSE
[2232]	901	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	902	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	903	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	904	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	905	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	906	) &
	907	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	908	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	909	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	910	)**2
	911	ENDDO
	912	ENDIF
	913
	914	!
	915	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	916	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	917	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	918	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	919
	920	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	921	ENDIF
	922
	923	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	924
	925
	926	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	927	! Description:
	928	! ------------
[1709]	929	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	930	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	932	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	933
	934	IMPLICIT NONE
	935
[2232]	936	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	937	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	938	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	939	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	940	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	941
[2232]	942	!
	943	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	944	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	945
[2232]	946	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	947
[2232]	948	i = surf%i(m)
	949	j = surf%j(m)
	950	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	951	!
[2232]	952	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	953	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	954	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	955	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	956	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	957	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	958	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	959	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	960	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	961	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	962	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	963	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	964	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	965	) * ibit &
	966	) &
	967	)**2 + &
	968	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	969	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	970	) * ibit &
	971	) &
	972	)**2 &
	973	)
	974
[1691]	975	ENDDO
	976
[2232]	977	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	978
	979
	980	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	981	! Description:
	982	! ------------
	983	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	984	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	985	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	986	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	987
	988	IMPLICIT NONE
	989
	990	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	991	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	992	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	993	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	994
	995	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	996	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	997
	998
	999	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1000	i = surf%i(m)
	1001	j = surf%j(m)
	1002	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1003	!
[2232]	1004	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1005	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1006	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1007	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1008
[2232]	1009	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1010
[2232]	1011	ENDDO
[1709]	1012
[2232]	1013	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1014
[1709]	1015	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1016	! Description:
	1017	! ------------
[2232]	1018	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1019	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1020	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1021	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1022
	1023	IMPLICIT NONE
	1024
	1025	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1026	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1027	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1028	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1029
	1030	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1031	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1032
	1033
	1034	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1035	i = surf%i(m)
	1036	j = surf%j(m)
	1037	k = surf%k(m)
	1038
	1039	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1040	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1041	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1042
	1043	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1044
	1045	ENDDO
	1046
	1047	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1048
	1049	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1050	! Description:
	1051	! ------------
	1052	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1053	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1054	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1055	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1056
	1057	IMPLICIT NONE
	1058
	1059	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1060	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1061	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1062	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1063
	1064	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1065	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1066	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1067	!
	1068	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1069	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1070	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1071	i = surf%i(m)
	1072	j = surf%j(m)
	1073	k = surf%k(m)
	1074
	1075	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1076	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1077	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1078	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1079
	1080	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1081	ENDDO
	1082	!
	1083	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1084	ELSE
	1085	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1086	i = surf%i(m)
	1087	j = surf%j(m)
	1088	k = surf%k(m)
	1089
	1090	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1091	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1092	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1093	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1094
	1095	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1096	ENDDO
	1097	ENDIF
	1098
	1099	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1100
	1101	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1102	! Description:
	1103	! ------------
	1104	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1105	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1106	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1107	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1108
	1109	IMPLICIT NONE
	1110
	1111	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1112	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1113	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1114	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1115
	1116	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1117	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1118	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1119
	1120	!
	1121	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1122	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1123	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1124	i = surf%i(m)
	1125	j = surf%j(m)
	1126	k = surf%k(m)
	1127
	1128	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1129	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1130	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1131
	1132	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1133	ENDDO
	1134	!
	1135	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1136	ELSE
	1137	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1138	i = surf%i(m)
	1139	j = surf%j(m)
	1140	k = surf%k(m)
	1141
	1142	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1143	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1144	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1145
	1146	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1147	ENDDO
	1148	ENDIF
	1149
	1150	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1151
	1152
	1153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1154	! Description:
	1155	! ------------
[1709]	1156	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1157	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1158	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1159
	1160	IMPLICIT NONE
	1161
[2232]	1162	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1163	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1164	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1165
	1166	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1167	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1168	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1169	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1170	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1171	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1172
[1691]	1173	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1174	!
	1175	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1176	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1177	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1178	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1179	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1180	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1181
[2232]	1182	i = surf%i(m)
	1183	j = surf%j(m)
	1184	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1185
[2232]	1186	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1187
	1188	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1189	( vpt(k,j,i) - vpt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1190	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 vpt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1191	ENDDO
	1192	ELSE
	1193	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1194	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1195
	1196	i = surf%i(m)
	1197	j = surf%j(m)
	1198	k = surf%k(m)
	1199
	1200	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1201
	1202	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1203	( pt(k,j,i) - pt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1204	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 pt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1205	ENDDO
	1206	ENDIF
	1207	ELSE
	1208	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1209	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1210	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1211
	1212	i = surf%i(m)
	1213	j = surf%j(m)
	1214	k = surf%k(m)
	1215
	1216	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1217
	1218	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
	1219	* q(k,j,i) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1220	* pt(k,j,i) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
	1221	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1222	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 vpt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1223	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1224	ENDDO
	1225	ELSE
	1226	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1227	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1228
[2232]	1229	i = surf%i(m)
	1230	j = surf%j(m)
	1231	k = surf%k(m)
	1232
	1233	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1234
	1235	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1236	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1237	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 pt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
	1238	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1239	ENDDO
	1240	ENDIF
	1241	ENDIF
	1242
[1691]	1243	ENDIF
	1244
[2232]	1245
[1691]	1246	!
	1247	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1248	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1249	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1250
[2232]	1251	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1252
[2232]	1253	i = surf%i(m)
	1254	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1255
[2232]	1256	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1257
[1691]	1258	!
[2232]	1259	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1260	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1261
	1262	!
[2232]	1263	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1264	!-- length have the same sign
	1265	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1266	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1267	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1268	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1269	ENDIF
[1691]	1270	!
[2232]	1271	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1272	iter = 0
	1273	DO
	1274	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1275	!
[2232]	1276	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1277	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1278	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1279	EXIT
	1280	ENDIF
[1691]	1281
[2232]	1282	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1283	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1284	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1285
	1286
[2232]	1287	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1288	!
[2232]	1289	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1290	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1291	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1292	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1293	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1294	ol_m ) &
	1295	) &
	1296	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1297	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1298	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1299	ol_m ) &
	1300	)**2
[1691]	1301
	1302	!
[2232]	1303	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1304	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1305	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1306	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1307	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1308	) &
	1309	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1310	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1311	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1312	)**2 &
	1313	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1314	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1315	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1316	) &
	1317	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1318	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1319	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1320	)**2 &
	1321	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1322	ELSE
[1691]	1323	!
[2232]	1324	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1325	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1326	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1327	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1328	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1329	)**3
[1691]	1330
	1331	!
[2232]	1332	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1333	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1334	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1335	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1336	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1337	)**3 &
	1338	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1339	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1340	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1341	)**3 &
	1342	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1343	ENDIF
[1691]	1344	!
[2232]	1345	!-- Calculate new L
	1346	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1347
	1348	!
[2232]	1349	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1350	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1351	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1352	!
[2232]	1353	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1354	!-- value that is allowed
	1355	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1356	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1357	EXIT
	1358	ENDIF
[1691]	1359	!
[2232]	1360	!-- Check for convergence
	1361	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1362	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1363	EXIT
	1364	ELSE
	1365	CYCLE
	1366	ENDIF
[1691]	1367
	1368	ENDDO
	1369	ENDDO
	1370
	1371	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1372
[2281]	1373	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1374	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1375
[2232]	1376	i = surf%i(m)
	1377	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1378	!
[2232]	1379	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1380	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1381	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1382	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1383
	1384	!
[2232]	1385	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1386	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1387	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1388	!-- correct direction
	1389	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1390	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1391	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1392	li = li-1
	1393	ENDDO
	1394	ELSE
	1395	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1396	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1397	li = li+1
	1398	ENDDO
	1399	ENDIF
	1400	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1401
	1402	!
[2232]	1403	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1404	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1405	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1406	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1407
	1408	ENDDO
	1409
	1410	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1411
[2232]	1412	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
	1413	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1414	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1415
[2232]	1416	i = surf%i(m)
	1417	j = surf%j(m)
	1418	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1419
[2232]	1420	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1421
[2232]	1422	surf%ol(m) = ( pt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1423	( kappa * g * &
	1424	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1425	!
	1426	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1427	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1428	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1429	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1430	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1431	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1432	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1433	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1434	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1435
[1691]	1436	ENDDO
[2547]	1437	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1438	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1439	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1440
[2232]	1441	i = surf%i(m)
	1442	j = surf%j(m)
	1443	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1444
[2232]	1445	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1446
	1447
	1448	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1449	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1450	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1451	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1452	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1453	!
[2232]	1454	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1455	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1456	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1457	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1458	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1459	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1460	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1461	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1462	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1463
[2232]	1464	ENDDO
	1465	ELSE
	1466
	1467	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1468	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1469
	1470	i = surf%i(m)
	1471	j = surf%j(m)
	1472	k = surf%k(m)
	1473
	1474	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1475
	1476	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1477	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * pt(k,j,i) * &
	1478	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) * &
	1479	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1480
	1481	!
	1482	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1483	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1484	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1485	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1486	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1487	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1488	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1489	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1490	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1491
	1492	ENDDO
	1493
	1494	ENDIF
	1495
	1496	ENDIF
	1497
[1691]	1498	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1499
	1500	!
	1501	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1502	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1503
	1504	IMPLICIT NONE
	1505
[2232]	1506	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1507
[2232]	1508	!
	1509	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1510	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1511	!
	1512	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1513	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1514	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1515	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1516
[2232]	1517	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1518	!
[2232]	1519	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1520	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1521	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1522	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1523	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1524
	1525	ENDDO
	1526	!
	1527	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1528	!-- any stability.
	1529	ELSE
[2281]	1530	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1531	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1532
	1533	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1534	!
	1535	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1536	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1537
	1538	ENDDO
	1539	ENDIF
	1540	!
	1541	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1542	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1543	ELSE
	1544	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1545	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1546	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1547
	1548	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1549	ENDDO
[2232]	1550	ENDIF
[1691]	1551
	1552	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1553
	1554	!
	1555	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
[2232]	1556	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
[1691]	1557	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1558
	1559	IMPLICIT NONE
	1560
[2232]	1561	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1562
	1563	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1564	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1565
	1566	i = surf%i(m)
	1567	j = surf%j(m)
	1568	k = surf%k(m)
	1569
[2547]	1570	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1571	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1572	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1573	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
	1574	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1575	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1576	ELSE
	1577	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1578	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1579	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1580	ELSE
	1581	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1582	ENDIF
[2547]	1583	ENDIF
[2232]	1584
[1691]	1585	ENDDO
	1586
	1587	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1588
[2696]	1589
[1691]	1590	!
[2696]	1591	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	1592	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1593	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1594
	1595	IMPLICIT NONE
	1596
	1597	INTEGER(iwp) :: koff !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1598	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1599
	1600	koff = surf%koff
	1601	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1602	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1603
	1604	i = surf%i(m)
	1605	j = surf%j(m)
	1606	k = surf%k(m)
	1607
	1608	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+koff,j,i)
	1609
	1610	ENDDO
	1611
	1612	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1613
	1614	!
[2292]	1615	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1616	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1617
	1618	IMPLICIT NONE
	1619
[2232]	1620
	1621	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1622	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1623	!
[2232]	1624	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1625	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1626	!
	1627	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1628
	1629	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1630	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1631
	1632	i = surf%i(m)
	1633	j = surf%j(m)
	1634	k = surf%k(m)
	1635
	1636	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1637	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1638
[1691]	1639	!
[2232]	1640	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1641	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1642	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1643	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1644
[1691]	1645	ENDDO
	1646
[2232]	1647	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1648	!
	1649	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1650	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1651
	1652	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1653	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1654	i = surf%i(m)
	1655	j = surf%j(m)
	1656	k = surf%k(m)
	1657
	1658	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1659	ENDDO
	1660	ENDIF
	1661
[2696]	1662	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1663	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1664
[2696]	1665	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1666
[2696]	1667	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1668	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1669	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1670	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1671
[2696]	1672	ENDDO
[2232]	1673
	1674	ENDIF
	1675	!
	1676	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1677	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1678	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1679	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1680	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1681
	1682	i = surf%i(m)
	1683	j = surf%j(m)
	1684	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1685	!
	1686	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1687	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1688	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1689	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1690
[1691]	1691	ENDDO
	1692	ENDIF
	1693
	1694	!
[2232]	1695	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1696	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1697	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1698	!
[1788]	1699	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1700	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1701	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1702
	1703	i = surf%i(m)
	1704	j = surf%j(m)
	1705	k = surf%k(m)
	1706	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1707	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1708
[1691]	1709	ENDDO
	1710
[2232]	1711	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1712	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1713	run_coupled )
	1714
[1788]	1715	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1716	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1717	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1718
	1719	i = surf%i(m)
	1720	j = surf%j(m)
	1721	k = surf%k(m)
	1722	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1723
[1691]	1724	ENDDO
	1725	ENDIF
	1726
	1727	!
[2232]	1728	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1729	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1730	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1731	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1732	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1733	i = surf%i(m)
	1734	j = surf%j(m)
	1735	k = surf%k(m)
	1736	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1737	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1738	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1739	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1740	ENDDO
	1741	ENDIF
[1691]	1742
[2547]	1743	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1744	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1745	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1746
[2232]	1747	i = surf%i(m)
	1748	j = surf%j(m)
	1749	k = surf%k(m)
	1750
	1751	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1752
[2232]	1753	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1754	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1755	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1756	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1757	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1758	ENDDO
[2232]	1759	ELSE
	1760	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1761	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1762
	1763	i = surf%i(m)
	1764	j = surf%j(m)
	1765	k = surf%k(m)
	1766
	1767	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1768
	1769	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1770	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1771	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1772	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1773	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1774	ENDDO
	1775	ENDIF
	1776	ENDIF
	1777	!
	1778	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1779	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1780	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1781	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1782
	1783	i = surf%i(m)
	1784	j = surf%j(m)
	1785	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1786
[1691]	1787	ENDDO
	1788	ENDIF
	1789	ENDIF
[1960]	1790
	1791	!
	1792	!-- If required compute s*
	1793	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1794	!
[2232]	1795	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1796	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1797	!
	1798	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1799	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1800	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1801	i = surf%i(m)
	1802	j = surf%j(m)
	1803	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1804	ENDDO
	1805	ENDIF
[2232]	1806	!
	1807	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1808	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1809	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1810	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1811	i = surf%i(m)
	1812	j = surf%j(m)
	1813	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1814	ENDDO
	1815	ENDIF
[1960]	1816	ENDIF
[1691]	1817
[2292]	1818	!
[2696]	1819	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1820	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1821	!
	1822	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1823	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1824	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1825	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1826	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1827	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1828	i = surf%i(m)
	1829	j = surf%j(m)
	1830	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1831	ENDDO
	1832	ENDIF
	1833	ENDDO
	1834	!
	1835	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1836	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1837	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1838	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1839	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1840	i = surf%i(m)
	1841	j = surf%j(m)
	1842	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1843	ENDDO
	1844	ENDDO
	1845	ENDIF
	1846	ENDIF
	1847
	1848	!
[2292]	1849	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
	1850	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1851	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1852	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1853	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1854
[2292]	1855	i = surf%i(m)
	1856	j = surf%j(m)
	1857	k = surf%k(m)
	1858
	1859	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1860
	1861	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1862	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1863	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1864	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1865
	1866	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1867	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1868	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1869	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1870	ENDDO
	1871
	1872	ENDIF
	1873
[1691]	1874	!
	1875	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[2232]	1876	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
	1877	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1878	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1879	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1880
[2232]	1881	i = surf%i(m)
	1882	j = surf%j(m)
	1883	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1884
[2232]	1885	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1886
[2232]	1887	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1888	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1889	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1890	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1891
[2232]	1892	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1893	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1894	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1895	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1896	ENDDO
	1897
	1898	ENDIF
	1899
	1900	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1901
	1902
	1903
	1904	!
[2292]	1905	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1906	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1907
	1908	IMPLICIT NONE
	1909
[2696]	1910	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1911	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1912
[2232]	1913	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1914	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1915	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1916	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1917	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1918	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1919
	1920	!
[2232]	1921	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1922	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1923	!
	1924	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1925	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1926	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1927	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1928	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1929
	1930	i = surf%i(m)
	1931	j = surf%j(m)
	1932	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1933
[2232]	1934	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1935
[2232]	1936	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1937	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1938	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1939	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1940	!
	1941	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1942	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1943	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1944	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1945	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1946	!-- tests had shown.
	1947	!-- Same also for ol.
	1948	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1949
[2232]	1950	ENDDO
[1691]	1951	!
[2232]	1952	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1953	ELSE
	1954	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1955	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1956
	1957	i = surf%i(m)
	1958	j = surf%j(m)
	1959	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1960
[2232]	1961	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1962
	1963	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1964	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1965
[2232]	1966	ENDDO
	1967	ENDIF
[1691]	1968
[2232]	1969	!
	1970	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1971	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1972	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	1973	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1974	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1975	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1976	i = surf%i(m)
	1977	j = surf%j(m)
	1978	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1979
[2232]	1980	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1981
[2232]	1982	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1983	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1984	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1985	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1986	!
[2232]	1987	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1988	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	1989	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1990	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1991	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1992	!-- tests had shown.
	1993	!-- Same also for ol.
	1994	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1995	ENDDO
	1996	!
	1997	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	1998	ELSE
	1999	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2000	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2001	i = surf%i(m)
	2002	j = surf%j(m)
	2003	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2004
[2232]	2005	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2006
	2007	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2008	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2009	ENDDO
	2010	ENDIF
[1691]	2011	!
[2232]	2012	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2013	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2014	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2015	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2016	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2017	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2018	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2019	i = surf%i(m)
	2020	j = surf%j(m)
	2021	k = surf%k(m)
	2022	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2023	ENDDO
[2232]	2024	ENDIF
	2025	!
	2026	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2027	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2028	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2029	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2030	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2031	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2032	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2033	i = surf%i(m)
	2034	j = surf%j(m)
	2035	k = surf%k(m)
	2036	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2037	ENDDO
	2038	ENDIF
	2039	!
	2040	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2041	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2042	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2043	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2044	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2045
[2232]	2046	i = surf%i(m)
	2047	j = surf%j(m)
	2048	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2049
[2232]	2050	ENDDO
[2292]	2051	ENDIF
[1691]	2052	!
[2696]	2053	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2054	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2055	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2056	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2057	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2058	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2059	i = surf%i(m)
	2060	j = surf%j(m)
	2061	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2062	ENDDO
	2063	ENDIF
	2064	ENDDO
	2065
	2066	!
[2292]	2067	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
	2068	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	2069	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2070	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2071	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2072
	2073	i = surf%i(m)
	2074	j = surf%j(m)
	2075
	2076	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2077	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2078	ENDDO
	2079	ENDIF
	2080	!
[2232]	2081	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[2292]	2082	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2083	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2084	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2085	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2086
	2087	i = surf%i(m)
	2088	j = surf%j(m)
	2089
	2090	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2091	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2092	ENDDO
[2232]	2093	ENDIF
[1691]	2094
[1960]	2095	!
[2232]	2096	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2097	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2098	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2099	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2100
	2101	i = surf%i(m)
	2102	j = surf%j(m)
	2103	k = surf%k(m)
	2104
	2105	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2106	!
	2107	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2108	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2109	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2110
[1960]	2111	ENDDO
[2232]	2112	ENDIF
	2113	!
	2114	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2115	ELSE
	2116	!
	2117	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2118	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2119	!
	2120	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2121	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2122	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2123	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2124	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2125	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2126	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2127	i = surf%i(m)
	2128	j = surf%j(m)
	2129	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2130
[2232]	2131	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2132
[2232]	2133	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2134	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2135	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2136
	2137	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2138	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2139	ENDDO
	2140	ENDIF
[1691]	2141	!
[2232]	2142	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2143	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2144	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2145	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2146	i = surf%i(m)
	2147	j = surf%j(m)
	2148	k = surf%k(m)
	2149
	2150	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2151
	2152	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2153
	2154	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2155	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2156	ENDDO
[2232]	2157	ENDIF
	2158	!
	2159	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2160	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2161	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2162	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2163	!--
	2164	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2165	!
	2166	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2167	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2168	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2169	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2170
[2232]	2171	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2172	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2173	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2174	i = surf%i(m)
	2175	j = surf%j(m)
	2176	k = surf%k(m)
	2177
	2178	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2179	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2180	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2181	ENDDO
	2182	ELSE
	2183	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2184	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2185	i = surf%i(m)
	2186	j = surf%j(m)
	2187	k = surf%k(m)
	2188
	2189	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2190	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2191	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2192	ENDDO
	2193	ENDIF
	2194
[2281]	2195	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2196	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2197	i = surf%i(m)
	2198	j = surf%j(m)
	2199
	2200	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2201
	2202	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2203	!
[2232]	2204	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2205	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2206	!
[2232]	2207	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2208	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2209
	2210	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2211	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2212	ENDDO
[2232]	2213	!
	2214	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2215	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2216	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2217	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2218	ENDIF
[1691]	2219	ENDIF
	2220
	2221	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2222
	2223
	2224	!
	2225	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2226	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2227
	2228	USE kinds
	2229
	2230	IMPLICIT NONE
	2231
	2232	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2233	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2234	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2235
	2236	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2237	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2238	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2239	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2240	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2241	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2242
	2243
	2244	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2245	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2246	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2247	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2248	ELSE
	2249
	2250	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2251	- bc_d_d
	2252	!
	2253	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2254	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2255
	2256	ENDIF
	2257
	2258	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2259
	2260
	2261	!
	2262	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2263	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2264
	2265	USE kinds
	2266
	2267	IMPLICIT NONE
	2268
	2269	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2270	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2271	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2272
	2273	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2274	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2275	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2276	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2277	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2278	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2279
	2280
	2281	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2282	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2283	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2284	ELSE
	2285	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2286	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2287	+ 1.0_wp
	2288	!
	2289	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2290	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2291	ENDIF
	2292
	2293	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2294
[1697]	2295	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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