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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 2868

Last change on this file since 2868 was 2766, checked in by kanani, 7 years ago
Removal of chem directive, plus minor changes
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 83.5 KB

Rev	Line
[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z hellstea $
[2766]	28	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
	29	!
	30	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	31	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	32	!
	33	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	34	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	35	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	36	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	37	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	38	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	39	!
	40	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	41	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	42	!
	43	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	44	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	45	!
	46	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	47	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	48	!
	49	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	50	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	51	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	52	! and cloud water content (qc).
	53	!
	54	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	55	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	56	!
	57	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	58	!
[2233]	59	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	60	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	61	! OpenMP bugfix
	62	!
[2119]	63	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	64	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	65	!
[2092]	66	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	67	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	68	!
[2077]	69	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	70	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	71	!
[2074]	72	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	73	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	74	!
[2038]	75	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	76	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	77	!
[2012]	78	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	79	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	80	!
[2008]	81	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	82	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	83	!
[2001]	84	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	85	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	86	!
[1993]	87	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	88	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	89	!
[1961]	90	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	91	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	92	!
[1930]	93	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	94	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	95	! completely surrounded by topography
	96	!
[1921]	97	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	98	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	99	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	100	!
[1916]	101	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	102	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	103	! timestep
	104	!
[1851]	105	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	106	! Module renamed
	107	!
	108	!
[1823]	109	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	110	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	111	!
[1789]	112	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	113	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	114	! humidity.
	115	! Syntax layout improved.
	116	!
[1758]	117	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	118	! Minor fixes.
	119	!
[1750]	120	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	121	! further OpenACC adjustments
	122	!
[1748]	123	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	124	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	125	!
[1710]	126	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	127	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	128	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	129	! neutral = .T.
	130	!
[1706]	131	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	132	! Typo removed
	133	!
[1698]	134	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	135	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	136	!
[1697]	137	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	138	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	139	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	140	! updated description.
	141	!
	142	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	143	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	144	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	145	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	146	! directly prescribed by the user.
	147	!
	148	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	149	! Adapted for land surface model
	150	!
	151	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	152	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	153	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	154	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	155	!
	156	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	157	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	158	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	159	!
	160	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	161	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	162	!
	163	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	164	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	165	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	166	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	167	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	168	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	169	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	170	! all variable declaration statements
	171	!
	172	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	173	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	174	!
	175	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	176	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	177	!
	178	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	179	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	180	!
	181	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	182	! OpenACC statements added
	183	!
	184	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	185	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	186	!
	187	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	188	! Initial revision
	189	!
	190	!
	191	! Description:
	192	! ------------
	193	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	194	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	195	!> available:
	196	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	197	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	198	!> slower
	199	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	200	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	201	!>
	202	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	203	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	204	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	205	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	206	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	207
	208	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	209	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
	210	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw
[1691]	211
[2696]	212	USE chem_modules, &
	213	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	214
[1691]	215	USE cloud_parameters, &
	216	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	217
	218	USE constants, &
	219	ONLY: pi
	220
	221	USE cpulog
	222
	223	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	224	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, cloud_physics, &
	225	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	226	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	227	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
[2232]	228	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	229	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[2292]	230	message_string, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, &
	231	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	232	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[2299]	233	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	234
[2232]	235	USE grid_variables, &
	236	ONLY: dx, dy
	237
[1691]	238	USE indices, &
[2232]	239	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	240
	241	USE kinds
	242
	243	USE pegrid
	244
	245	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	246	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	247
[2232]	248	USE surface_mod, &
	249	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	250	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	251
[1691]	252
	253	IMPLICIT NONE
	254
[1992]	255	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	256	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	257	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	259	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	260
[2232]	261	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	262
[2232]	263	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	264	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	265	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	266	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	267	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	268	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	269
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	271	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	272
	273	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	274	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	275	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	276	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	277	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	278
[2232]	279	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	280
[2232]	281
[1691]	282	SAVE
	283
	284	PRIVATE
	285
[2232]	286	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	287
	288	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	289	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	290	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	291
	292	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	293	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	294	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	295
	296
	297	CONTAINS
	298
	299
	300	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	301	! Description:
	302	! ------------
	303	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	304	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	305	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	306
	307	IMPLICIT NONE
	308
[2232]	309	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	310	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	311	!
[2696]	312	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	313	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	314	!
[2696]	315	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	316	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	317	DO l = 0, 1
	318	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	319	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	320	CALL calc_pt_q
	321	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_pt_surface
	322	ENDIF
	323	ENDDO
[2232]	324	!
[2696]	325	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	326	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	327	surf => surf_lsm_h
	328	CALL calc_pt_q
	329	ENDIF
	330
	331	!
	332	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	333	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	334	surf => surf_usm_h
	335	CALL calc_pt_q
	336	ENDIF
	337
	338	!
	339	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	340	DO l = 0, 3
	341	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	342	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	343	CALL calc_pt_q
	344	ENDIF
[2696]	345
[2232]	346	!
[2696]	347	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
	348	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	349	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	350	CALL calc_pt_q
	351	ENDIF
[2696]	352	ENDDO
[1691]	353
	354	!
	355	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	356	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	357	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	358	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	359	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	360
	361	!
	362	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	363	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	364	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	365	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	366	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	367	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	368	!
	369	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	370	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	371	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	372	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	373	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	374	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	375	CALL calc_us
	376	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	377	ENDIF
	378	!
[2232]	379	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	380	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	381	surf => surf_lsm_h
	382	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	383	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	384	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	385	CALL calc_us
	386	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	387	ENDIF
	388	!
	389	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	390	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	391	surf => surf_usm_h
	392	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	393	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	394	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	395	CALL calc_us
	396	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	397	ENDIF
	398	!
[1691]	399	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	400	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	401	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	402	!
	403	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	404	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	405	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	406	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	407	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	408	CALL calc_us
	409	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	410	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	411	ENDIF
[2232]	412	!
	413	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	414	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	415	surf => surf_lsm_h
	416	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	417	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	418	CALL calc_us
	419	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	420	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	421	ENDIF
	422	!
	423	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	424	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	425	surf => surf_usm_h
	426	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	427	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	428	CALL calc_us
	429	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	430	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	431	ENDIF
[1691]	432
[2232]	433	ENDIF
	434	!
	435	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	436	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	437	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	438	!-- most_method is required.
	439	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	440	downward = .TRUE.
	441	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	442	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	443	CALL calc_us
	444	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	445	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	446	ENDIF
[2232]	447	!
	448	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	449	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	450	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	451	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	452	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	453	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	454	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	455	!
	456	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	457	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	458	!-- For default-type surfaces
	459	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	460	DO l = 0, 1
	461	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	462	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	463	!
	464	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	465	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	466	!
	467	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	468	CALL calc_us
	469	!
	470	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	471	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	472	ENDIF
	473	ENDDO
	474	!
	475	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	476	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	477	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	478	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	479	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	480	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	481	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	482	DO l = 0, 1
	483	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	484	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	485	!
	486	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	487	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	488	!
	489	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	490	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	491	!
	492	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	493	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	494	!
	495	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	496	CALL calc_us
	497	!
	498	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	499	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	500	ENDIF
	501	ENDDO
	502	ELSE
	503	DO l = 0, 1
	504	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	505	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	506	!
	507	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	508	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	509	!
	510	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	511	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	512	!
	513	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	514	CALL calc_us
	515	!
	516	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	517	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	518	!
	519	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	520	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	521	ENDIF
	522	ENDDO
	523	ENDIF
	524	!
	525	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	526	!-- to be computed.
	527	ELSE
	528	DO l = 0, 1
	529	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	530	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	531	!
	532	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	533	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	534	!
	535	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	536	CALL calc_us
	537	!
	538	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	539	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	540	ENDIF
	541	ENDDO
	542	ENDIF
	543	!
	544	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	545	DO l = 0, 1
	546	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	547	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	548	!
	549	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	550	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	551	!
	552	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	553	CALL calc_us
	554	!
	555	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	556	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	557	ENDIF
	558	ENDDO
	559	!
	560	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	561	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	562	!-- For default-type surfaces
	563	DO l = 2, 3
	564	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	565	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	566	!
	567	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	568	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	569	!
	570	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	571	CALL calc_us
	572	!
	573	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	574	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	575	ENDIF
	576	ENDDO
	577	!
	578	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	579	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	580	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	581	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	582	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	583	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	584	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	585	DO l = 2, 3
	586	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	587	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	588	!
	589	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	590	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	591	!
	592	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	593	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	594	!
	595	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	596	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	597	!
	598	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	599	CALL calc_us
	600	!
	601	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	602	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	603	ENDIF
	604	ENDDO
	605	ELSE
	606	DO l = 2, 3
	607	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	608	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	609	!
	610	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	611	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	612	!
	613	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	614	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	615	!
	616	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	617	CALL calc_us
	618	!
	619	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	620	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	621	!
	622	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	623	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	624	ENDIF
	625	ENDDO
	626	ENDIF
	627	ELSE
	628	DO l = 2, 3
	629	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	630	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	631	!
	632	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	633	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	634	!
	635	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	636	CALL calc_us
	637	!
	638	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	639	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	640	ENDIF
	641	ENDDO
	642	ENDIF
	643	!
	644	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	645	DO l = 2, 3
	646	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	647	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	648	!
	649	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	650	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	651	!
	652	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	653	CALL calc_us
	654	!
	655	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	656	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	657	ENDIF
	658	ENDDO
	659	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	660	!
	661	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	662	!-- surfaces.
	663	mom_w = .TRUE.
	664	!
	665	!-- Default-type surfaces
	666	DO l = 0, 3
	667	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	668	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	669	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	670	CALL calc_us
	671	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	672	ENDIF
	673	ENDDO
	674	!
	675	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	676	DO l = 0, 3
	677	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	678	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	679	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	680	CALL calc_us
	681	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	682	ENDIF
	683	ENDDO
	684	!
	685	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	686	DO l = 0, 3
	687	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	688	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	689	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	690	CALL calc_us
	691	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	692	ENDIF
	693	ENDDO
	694	mom_w = .FALSE.
	695	!
	696	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	697	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	698	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	699	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	700	!
	701	!-- Default-type surfaces
	702	DO l = 0, 3
	703	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	704	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	705	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	706	CALL calc_us
	707	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	708	ENDIF
	709	ENDDO
	710	!
	711	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	712	DO l = 0, 3
	713	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	714	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	715	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	716	CALL calc_us
	717	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	718	ENDIF
	719	ENDDO
	720	!
	721	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	722	DO l = 0, 3
	723	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	724	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	725	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	726	CALL calc_us
	727	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	728	ENDIF
	729	ENDDO
	730	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	731
[1691]	732
	733	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	734
	735
	736	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	737	! Description:
	738	! ------------
	739	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	740	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	741	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	742	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	743	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	744
	745	IMPLICIT NONE
	746
[2232]	747	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	748	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	749
	750	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	751
	752	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	753
	754	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	755
	756
	757	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	758	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	759	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	760	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	761	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	762
	763
[1709]	764
[2232]	765
[1709]	766	!
	767	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	768	!-- large value
[2232]	769	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	770	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	771	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	772	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	773	ENDIF
[1709]	774
[1691]	775	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	776
	777	!
	778	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	779	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	780	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	781	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	782	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	783	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	784	ENDIF
[1691]	785	ENDIF
[2232]	786	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	787	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	788	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	789	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	790	ENDIF
	791	ENDIF
	792	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	793	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	794	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	795	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	796	ENDIF
	797	ENDIF
	798	!
	799	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	800	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	801	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	802	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	803	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	804	ENDIF
	805	ENDIF
	806	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	807	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	808	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	809	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	810	ENDIF
	811	ENDIF
	812	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	813	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	814	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	815	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	816	ENDIF
	817	ENDIF
[1691]	818
[2232]	819
[1691]	820	#if defined( __parallel )
	821	!
	822	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	823	!-- is TRUE
	824	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	825	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	826	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	827	#else
	828	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	829	#endif
	830
	831	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	832	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	833	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	834	'heterogeneity'
	835	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	836	ENDIF
	837
	838	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	839
	840	!
	841	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	842	k = nzb
[1691]	843	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	844
	845	!
	846	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	847	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	848	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	849	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	850	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	851	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	852	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	853
[2232]	854	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	855	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	856	ENDDO
	857
	858	!
	859	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	860	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	861	regr_old = regr
	862	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	863	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	864	ENDDO
	865
	866	!
	867	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	868	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	869	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	870	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	871	ENDDO
	872
	873	!
[1757]	874	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	875	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	876	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	877	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	878	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	879	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	880	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	881	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	882	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	883	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	884	ENDIF
[1691]	885	!
	886	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	887	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	888	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	889	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	890	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	891	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	892	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	893	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	894	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	895	)**3
	896	ENDDO
	897	ELSE
[2232]	898	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	899	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	900	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	901	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	902	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	903	) &
	904	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	905	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	906	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	907	)**2
	908	ENDDO
	909	ENDIF
	910
	911	!
	912	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	913	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	914	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	915	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	916
	917	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	918	ENDIF
	919
	920	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	921
	922
	923	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	924	! Description:
	925	! ------------
[1709]	926	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	927	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	928	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	929	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	930
	931	IMPLICIT NONE
	932
[2232]	933	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	934	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	935	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	936	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	937	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	938
[2232]	939	!
	940	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	941	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	942
[2232]	943	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	944
[2232]	945	i = surf%i(m)
	946	j = surf%j(m)
	947	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	948	!
[2232]	949	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	950	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	951	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	952	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	953	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	954	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	955	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	956	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	957	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	958	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	959	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	960	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	961	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	962	) * ibit &
	963	) &
	964	)**2 + &
	965	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	966	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	967	) * ibit &
	968	) &
	969	)**2 &
	970	)
	971
[1691]	972	ENDDO
	973
[2232]	974	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	975
	976
	977	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	978	! Description:
	979	! ------------
	980	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	981	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	982	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	983	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	984
	985	IMPLICIT NONE
	986
	987	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	988	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	989	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	990	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	991
	992	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	993	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	994
	995
	996	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	997	i = surf%i(m)
	998	j = surf%j(m)
	999	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1000	!
[2232]	1001	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1002	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1003	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1004	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1005
[2232]	1006	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1007
[2232]	1008	ENDDO
[1709]	1009
[2232]	1010	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1011
[1709]	1012	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1013	! Description:
	1014	! ------------
[2232]	1015	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1016	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1017	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1018	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1019
	1020	IMPLICIT NONE
	1021
	1022	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1023	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1024	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1025	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1026
	1027	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1028	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1029
	1030
	1031	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1032	i = surf%i(m)
	1033	j = surf%j(m)
	1034	k = surf%k(m)
	1035
	1036	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1037	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1038	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1039
	1040	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1041
	1042	ENDDO
	1043
	1044	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1045
	1046	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1047	! Description:
	1048	! ------------
	1049	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1050	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1052	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1053
	1054	IMPLICIT NONE
	1055
	1056	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1057	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1058	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1059	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1060
	1061	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1062	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1063	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1064	!
	1065	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1066	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1067	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1068	i = surf%i(m)
	1069	j = surf%j(m)
	1070	k = surf%k(m)
	1071
	1072	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1073	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1074	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1075	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1076
	1077	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1078	ENDDO
	1079	!
	1080	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1081	ELSE
	1082	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1083	i = surf%i(m)
	1084	j = surf%j(m)
	1085	k = surf%k(m)
	1086
	1087	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1088	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1089	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1090	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1091
	1092	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1093	ENDDO
	1094	ENDIF
	1095
	1096	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1097
	1098	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1099	! Description:
	1100	! ------------
	1101	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1102	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1103	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1104	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1105
	1106	IMPLICIT NONE
	1107
	1108	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1109	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1110	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1111	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1112
	1113	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1114	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1115	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1116
	1117	!
	1118	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1119	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1120	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1121	i = surf%i(m)
	1122	j = surf%j(m)
	1123	k = surf%k(m)
	1124
	1125	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1126	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1127	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1128
	1129	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1130	ENDDO
	1131	!
	1132	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1133	ELSE
	1134	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1135	i = surf%i(m)
	1136	j = surf%j(m)
	1137	k = surf%k(m)
	1138
	1139	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1140	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1141	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1142
	1143	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1144	ENDDO
	1145	ENDIF
	1146
	1147	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1148
	1149
	1150	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1151	! Description:
	1152	! ------------
[1709]	1153	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1154	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1155	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1156
	1157	IMPLICIT NONE
	1158
[2232]	1159	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1160	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1161	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1162
	1163	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1164	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1165	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1166	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1167	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1168	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1169
[1691]	1170	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1171	!
	1172	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1173	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1174	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1175	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1176	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1177	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1178
[2232]	1179	i = surf%i(m)
	1180	j = surf%j(m)
	1181	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1182
[2232]	1183	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1184
	1185	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1186	( vpt(k,j,i) - vpt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1187	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 vpt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1188	ENDDO
	1189	ELSE
	1190	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1191	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1192
	1193	i = surf%i(m)
	1194	j = surf%j(m)
	1195	k = surf%k(m)
	1196
	1197	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1198
	1199	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1200	( pt(k,j,i) - pt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1201	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 pt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1202	ENDDO
	1203	ENDIF
	1204	ELSE
	1205	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1206	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1207	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1208
	1209	i = surf%i(m)
	1210	j = surf%j(m)
	1211	k = surf%k(m)
	1212
	1213	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1214
	1215	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
	1216	* q(k,j,i) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1217	* pt(k,j,i) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
	1218	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1219	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 vpt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1220	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1221	ENDDO
	1222	ELSE
	1223	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1224	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1225
[2232]	1226	i = surf%i(m)
	1227	j = surf%j(m)
	1228	k = surf%k(m)
	1229
	1230	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1231
	1232	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1233	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1234	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 pt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
	1235	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1236	ENDDO
	1237	ENDIF
	1238	ENDIF
	1239
[1691]	1240	ENDIF
	1241
[2232]	1242
[1691]	1243	!
	1244	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1245	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1246	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1247
[2232]	1248	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1249
[2232]	1250	i = surf%i(m)
	1251	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1252
[2232]	1253	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1254
[1691]	1255	!
[2232]	1256	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1257	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1258
	1259	!
[2232]	1260	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1261	!-- length have the same sign
	1262	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1263	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1264	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1265	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1266	ENDIF
[1691]	1267	!
[2232]	1268	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1269	iter = 0
	1270	DO
	1271	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1272	!
[2232]	1273	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1274	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1275	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1276	EXIT
	1277	ENDIF
[1691]	1278
[2232]	1279	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1280	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1281	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1282
	1283
[2232]	1284	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1285	!
[2232]	1286	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1287	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1288	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1289	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1290	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1291	ol_m ) &
	1292	) &
	1293	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1294	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1295	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1296	ol_m ) &
	1297	)**2
[1691]	1298
	1299	!
[2232]	1300	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1301	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1302	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1303	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1304	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1305	) &
	1306	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1307	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1308	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1309	)**2 &
	1310	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1311	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1312	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1313	) &
	1314	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1315	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1316	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1317	)**2 &
	1318	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1319	ELSE
[1691]	1320	!
[2232]	1321	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1322	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1323	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1324	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1325	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1326	)**3
[1691]	1327
	1328	!
[2232]	1329	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1330	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1331	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1332	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1333	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1334	)**3 &
	1335	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1336	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1337	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1338	)**3 &
	1339	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1340	ENDIF
[1691]	1341	!
[2232]	1342	!-- Calculate new L
	1343	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1344
	1345	!
[2232]	1346	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1347	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1348	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1349	!
[2232]	1350	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1351	!-- value that is allowed
	1352	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1353	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1354	EXIT
	1355	ENDIF
[1691]	1356	!
[2232]	1357	!-- Check for convergence
	1358	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1359	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1360	EXIT
	1361	ELSE
	1362	CYCLE
	1363	ENDIF
[1691]	1364
	1365	ENDDO
	1366	ENDDO
	1367
	1368	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1369
[2281]	1370	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1371	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1372
[2232]	1373	i = surf%i(m)
	1374	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1375	!
[2232]	1376	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1377	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1378	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1379	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1380
	1381	!
[2232]	1382	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1383	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1384	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1385	!-- correct direction
	1386	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1387	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1388	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1389	li = li-1
	1390	ENDDO
	1391	ELSE
	1392	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1393	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1394	li = li+1
	1395	ENDDO
	1396	ENDIF
	1397	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1398
	1399	!
[2232]	1400	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1401	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1402	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1403	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1404
	1405	ENDDO
	1406
	1407	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1408
[2232]	1409	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
	1410	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1411	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1412
[2232]	1413	i = surf%i(m)
	1414	j = surf%j(m)
	1415	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1416
[2232]	1417	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1418
[2232]	1419	surf%ol(m) = ( pt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1420	( kappa * g * &
	1421	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1422	!
	1423	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1424	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1425	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1426	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1427	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1428	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1429	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1430	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1431	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1432
[1691]	1433	ENDDO
[2547]	1434	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1435	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1436	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1437
[2232]	1438	i = surf%i(m)
	1439	j = surf%j(m)
	1440	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1441
[2232]	1442	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1443
	1444
	1445	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1446	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1447	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1448	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1449	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1450	!
[2232]	1451	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1452	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1453	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1454	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1455	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1456	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1457	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1458	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1459	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1460
[2232]	1461	ENDDO
	1462	ELSE
	1463
	1464	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1465	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1466
	1467	i = surf%i(m)
	1468	j = surf%j(m)
	1469	k = surf%k(m)
	1470
	1471	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1472
	1473	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1474	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * pt(k,j,i) * &
	1475	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) * &
	1476	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1477
	1478	!
	1479	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1480	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1481	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1482	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1483	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1484	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1485	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1486	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1487	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1488
	1489	ENDDO
	1490
	1491	ENDIF
	1492
	1493	ENDIF
	1494
[1691]	1495	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1496
	1497	!
	1498	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1499	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1500
	1501	IMPLICIT NONE
	1502
[2232]	1503	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1504
[2232]	1505	!
	1506	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1507	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1508	!
	1509	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1510	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1511	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1512	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1513
[2232]	1514	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1515	!
[2232]	1516	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1517	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1518	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1519	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1520	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1521
	1522	ENDDO
	1523	!
	1524	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1525	!-- any stability.
	1526	ELSE
[2281]	1527	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1528	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1529
	1530	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1531	!
	1532	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1533	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1534
	1535	ENDDO
	1536	ENDIF
	1537	!
	1538	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1539	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1540	ELSE
	1541	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1542	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1543	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1544
	1545	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1546	ENDDO
[2232]	1547	ENDIF
[1691]	1548
	1549	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1550
	1551	!
	1552	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
[2232]	1553	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
[1691]	1554	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1555
	1556	IMPLICIT NONE
	1557
[2232]	1558	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1559
	1560	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1561	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1562
	1563	i = surf%i(m)
	1564	j = surf%j(m)
	1565	k = surf%k(m)
	1566
[2547]	1567	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1568	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1569	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1570	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
	1571	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1572	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1573	ELSE
	1574	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1575	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1576	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1577	ELSE
	1578	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1579	ENDIF
[2547]	1580	ENDIF
[2232]	1581
[1691]	1582	ENDDO
	1583
	1584	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1585
[2696]	1586
[1691]	1587	!
[2696]	1588	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	1589	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1590	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1591
	1592	IMPLICIT NONE
	1593
	1594	INTEGER(iwp) :: koff !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1595	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1596
	1597	koff = surf%koff
	1598	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1599	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1600
	1601	i = surf%i(m)
	1602	j = surf%j(m)
	1603	k = surf%k(m)
	1604
	1605	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+koff,j,i)
	1606
	1607	ENDDO
	1608
	1609	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1610
	1611	!
[2292]	1612	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1613	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1614
	1615	IMPLICIT NONE
	1616
[2232]	1617
	1618	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1619	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1620	!
[2232]	1621	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1622	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1623	!
	1624	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1625
	1626	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1627	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1628
	1629	i = surf%i(m)
	1630	j = surf%j(m)
	1631	k = surf%k(m)
	1632
	1633	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1634	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1635
[1691]	1636	!
[2232]	1637	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1638	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1639	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1640	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1641
[1691]	1642	ENDDO
	1643
[2232]	1644	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1645	!
	1646	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1647	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1648
	1649	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1650	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1651	i = surf%i(m)
	1652	j = surf%j(m)
	1653	k = surf%k(m)
	1654
	1655	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1656	ENDDO
	1657	ENDIF
	1658
[2696]	1659	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1660	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1661
[2696]	1662	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1663
[2696]	1664	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1665	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1666	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1667	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1668
[2696]	1669	ENDDO
[2232]	1670
	1671	ENDIF
	1672	!
	1673	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1674	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1675	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1676	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1677	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1678
	1679	i = surf%i(m)
	1680	j = surf%j(m)
	1681	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1682	!
	1683	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1684	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1685	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1686	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1687
[1691]	1688	ENDDO
	1689	ENDIF
	1690
	1691	!
[2232]	1692	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1693	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1694	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1695	!
[1788]	1696	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1697	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1698	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1699
	1700	i = surf%i(m)
	1701	j = surf%j(m)
	1702	k = surf%k(m)
	1703	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1704	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1705
[1691]	1706	ENDDO
	1707
[2232]	1708	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1709	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1710	run_coupled )
	1711
[1788]	1712	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1713	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1714	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1715
	1716	i = surf%i(m)
	1717	j = surf%j(m)
	1718	k = surf%k(m)
	1719	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1720
[1691]	1721	ENDDO
	1722	ENDIF
	1723
	1724	!
[2232]	1725	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1726	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1727	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1728	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1729	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1730	i = surf%i(m)
	1731	j = surf%j(m)
	1732	k = surf%k(m)
	1733	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1734	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1735	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1736	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1737	ENDDO
	1738	ENDIF
[1691]	1739
[2547]	1740	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1741	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1742	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1743
[2232]	1744	i = surf%i(m)
	1745	j = surf%j(m)
	1746	k = surf%k(m)
	1747
	1748	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1749
[2232]	1750	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1751	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1752	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1753	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1754	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1755	ENDDO
[2232]	1756	ELSE
	1757	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1758	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1759
	1760	i = surf%i(m)
	1761	j = surf%j(m)
	1762	k = surf%k(m)
	1763
	1764	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1765
	1766	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1767	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1768	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1769	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1770	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1771	ENDDO
	1772	ENDIF
	1773	ENDIF
	1774	!
	1775	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1776	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1777	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1778	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1779
	1780	i = surf%i(m)
	1781	j = surf%j(m)
	1782	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1783
[1691]	1784	ENDDO
	1785	ENDIF
	1786	ENDIF
[1960]	1787
	1788	!
	1789	!-- If required compute s*
	1790	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1791	!
[2232]	1792	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1793	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1794	!
	1795	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1796	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1797	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1798	i = surf%i(m)
	1799	j = surf%j(m)
	1800	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1801	ENDDO
	1802	ENDIF
[2232]	1803	!
	1804	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1805	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1806	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1807	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1808	i = surf%i(m)
	1809	j = surf%j(m)
	1810	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1811	ENDDO
	1812	ENDIF
[1960]	1813	ENDIF
[1691]	1814
[2292]	1815	!
[2696]	1816	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1817	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1818	!
	1819	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1820	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1821	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1822	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1823	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1824	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1825	i = surf%i(m)
	1826	j = surf%j(m)
	1827	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1828	ENDDO
	1829	ENDIF
	1830	ENDDO
	1831	!
	1832	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1833	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1834	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1835	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1836	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1837	i = surf%i(m)
	1838	j = surf%j(m)
	1839	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1840	ENDDO
	1841	ENDDO
	1842	ENDIF
	1843	ENDIF
	1844
	1845	!
[2292]	1846	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
	1847	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1848	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1849	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1850	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1851
[2292]	1852	i = surf%i(m)
	1853	j = surf%j(m)
	1854	k = surf%k(m)
	1855
	1856	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1857
	1858	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1859	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1860	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1861	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1862
	1863	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1864	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1865	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1866	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1867	ENDDO
	1868
	1869	ENDIF
	1870
[1691]	1871	!
	1872	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[2232]	1873	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
	1874	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1875	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1876	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1877
[2232]	1878	i = surf%i(m)
	1879	j = surf%j(m)
	1880	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1881
[2232]	1882	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1883
[2232]	1884	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1885	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1886	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1887	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1888
[2232]	1889	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1890	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1891	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1892	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1893	ENDDO
	1894
	1895	ENDIF
	1896
	1897	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1898
	1899
	1900
	1901	!
[2292]	1902	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1903	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1904
	1905	IMPLICIT NONE
	1906
[2696]	1907	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1908	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1909
[2232]	1910	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1911	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1912	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1913	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1914	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1915	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1916
	1917	!
[2232]	1918	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1919	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1920	!
	1921	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1922	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1923	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1924	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1925	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1926
	1927	i = surf%i(m)
	1928	j = surf%j(m)
	1929	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1930
[2232]	1931	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1932
[2232]	1933	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1934	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1935	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1936	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1937	!
	1938	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1939	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1940	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1941	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1942	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1943	!-- tests had shown.
	1944	!-- Same also for ol.
	1945	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1946
[2232]	1947	ENDDO
[1691]	1948	!
[2232]	1949	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1950	ELSE
	1951	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1952	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1953
	1954	i = surf%i(m)
	1955	j = surf%j(m)
	1956	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1957
[2232]	1958	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1959
	1960	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1961	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1962
[2232]	1963	ENDDO
	1964	ENDIF
[1691]	1965
[2232]	1966	!
	1967	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1968	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1969	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	1970	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1971	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1972	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1973	i = surf%i(m)
	1974	j = surf%j(m)
	1975	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1976
[2232]	1977	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1978
[2232]	1979	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1980	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1981	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1982	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1983	!
[2232]	1984	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1985	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	1986	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1987	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1988	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1989	!-- tests had shown.
	1990	!-- Same also for ol.
	1991	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1992	ENDDO
	1993	!
	1994	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	1995	ELSE
	1996	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1997	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1998	i = surf%i(m)
	1999	j = surf%j(m)
	2000	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2001
[2232]	2002	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2003
	2004	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2005	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2006	ENDDO
	2007	ENDIF
[1691]	2008	!
[2232]	2009	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2010	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2011	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2012	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2013	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2014	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2015	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2016	i = surf%i(m)
	2017	j = surf%j(m)
	2018	k = surf%k(m)
	2019	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2020	ENDDO
[2232]	2021	ENDIF
	2022	!
	2023	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2024	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2025	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2026	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2027	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2028	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2029	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2030	i = surf%i(m)
	2031	j = surf%j(m)
	2032	k = surf%k(m)
	2033	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2034	ENDDO
	2035	ENDIF
	2036	!
	2037	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2038	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2039	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2040	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2041	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2042
[2232]	2043	i = surf%i(m)
	2044	j = surf%j(m)
	2045	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2046
[2232]	2047	ENDDO
[2292]	2048	ENDIF
[1691]	2049	!
[2696]	2050	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2051	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2052	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2053	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2054	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2055	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2056	i = surf%i(m)
	2057	j = surf%j(m)
	2058	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2059	ENDDO
	2060	ENDIF
	2061	ENDDO
	2062
	2063	!
[2292]	2064	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
	2065	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	2066	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2067	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2068	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2069
	2070	i = surf%i(m)
	2071	j = surf%j(m)
	2072
	2073	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2074	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2075	ENDDO
	2076	ENDIF
	2077	!
[2232]	2078	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[2292]	2079	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2080	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2081	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2082	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2083
	2084	i = surf%i(m)
	2085	j = surf%j(m)
	2086
	2087	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2088	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2089	ENDDO
[2232]	2090	ENDIF
[1691]	2091
[1960]	2092	!
[2232]	2093	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2094	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2095	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2096	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2097
	2098	i = surf%i(m)
	2099	j = surf%j(m)
	2100	k = surf%k(m)
	2101
	2102	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2103	!
	2104	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2105	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2106	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2107
[1960]	2108	ENDDO
[2232]	2109	ENDIF
	2110	!
	2111	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2112	ELSE
	2113	!
	2114	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2115	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2116	!
	2117	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2118	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2119	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2120	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2121	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2122	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2123	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2124	i = surf%i(m)
	2125	j = surf%j(m)
	2126	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2127
[2232]	2128	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2129
[2232]	2130	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2131	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2132	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2133
	2134	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2135	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2136	ENDDO
	2137	ENDIF
[1691]	2138	!
[2232]	2139	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2140	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2141	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2142	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2143	i = surf%i(m)
	2144	j = surf%j(m)
	2145	k = surf%k(m)
	2146
	2147	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2148
	2149	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2150
	2151	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2152	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2153	ENDDO
[2232]	2154	ENDIF
	2155	!
	2156	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2157	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2158	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2159	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2160	!--
	2161	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2162	!
	2163	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2164	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2165	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2166	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2167
[2232]	2168	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2169	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2170	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2171	i = surf%i(m)
	2172	j = surf%j(m)
	2173	k = surf%k(m)
	2174
	2175	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2176	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2177	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2178	ENDDO
	2179	ELSE
	2180	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2181	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2182	i = surf%i(m)
	2183	j = surf%j(m)
	2184	k = surf%k(m)
	2185
	2186	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2187	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2188	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2189	ENDDO
	2190	ENDIF
	2191
[2281]	2192	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2193	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2194	i = surf%i(m)
	2195	j = surf%j(m)
	2196
	2197	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2198
	2199	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2200	!
[2232]	2201	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2202	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2203	!
[2232]	2204	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2205	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2206
	2207	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2208	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2209	ENDDO
[2232]	2210	!
	2211	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2212	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2213	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2214	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2215	ENDIF
[1691]	2216	ENDIF
	2217
	2218	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2219
	2220
	2221	!
	2222	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2223	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2224
	2225	USE kinds
	2226
	2227	IMPLICIT NONE
	2228
	2229	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2230	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2231	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2232
	2233	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2234	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2235	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2236	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2237	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2238	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2239
	2240
	2241	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2242	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2243	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2244	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2245	ELSE
	2246
	2247	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2248	- bc_d_d
	2249	!
	2250	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2251	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2252
	2253	ENDIF
	2254
	2255	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2256
	2257
	2258	!
	2259	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2260	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2261
	2262	USE kinds
	2263
	2264	IMPLICIT NONE
	2265
	2266	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2267	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2268	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2269
	2270	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2271	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2272	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2273	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2274	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2275	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2276
	2277
	2278	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2279	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2280	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2281	ELSE
	2282	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2283	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2284	+ 1.0_wp
	2285	!
	2286	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2287	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2288	ENDIF
	2289
	2290	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2291
[1697]	2292	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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