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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 2723

Last change on this file since 2723 was 2718, checked in by maronga, 7 years ago
deleting of deprecated files; headers updated where needed
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 83.5 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1691]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	20	!
[1691]	21	! Current revisions:
[1747]	22	! ------------------
[1758]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1692]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga $
[2716]	28	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	29	!
	30	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	31	! - Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	32	! - Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
	33	! - Added calculation of pt1 and qv1 for all surface types. Added calculation of
	34	! pt_surface for default-type surfaces (BM)
	35	! - Add flag to disable computation of qsws in case of urban surface (MS)
	36	!
	37	! 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z schwenkel
[2547]	38	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	39	!
	40	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	41	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	42	!
	43	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	44	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	45	!
	46	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	47	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	48	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	49	! and cloud water content (qc).
	50	!
	51	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	52	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	53	!
	54	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	55	!
[2233]	56	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	57	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	58	! OpenMP bugfix
	59	!
[2119]	60	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	61	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	62	!
[2092]	63	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	64	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	65	!
[2077]	66	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	67	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	68	!
[2074]	69	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	70	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	71	!
[2038]	72	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	73	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	74	!
[2012]	75	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	76	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	77	!
[2008]	78	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	79	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	80	!
[2001]	81	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	82	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	83	!
[1993]	84	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	85	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	86	!
[1961]	87	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	88	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	89	!
[1930]	90	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	91	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	92	! completely surrounded by topography
	93	!
[1921]	94	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	95	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	96	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	97	!
[1916]	98	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	99	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	100	! timestep
	101	!
[1851]	102	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	103	! Module renamed
	104	!
	105	!
[1823]	106	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	107	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	108	!
[1789]	109	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	110	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	111	! humidity.
	112	! Syntax layout improved.
	113	!
[1758]	114	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	115	! Minor fixes.
	116	!
[1750]	117	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	118	! further OpenACC adjustments
	119	!
[1748]	120	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	121	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	122	!
[1710]	123	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	124	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	125	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	126	! neutral = .T.
	127	!
[1706]	128	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	129	! Typo removed
	130	!
[1698]	131	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	132	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	133	!
[1697]	134	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	135	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	136	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	137	! updated description.
	138	!
	139	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	140	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	141	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	142	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	143	! directly prescribed by the user.
	144	!
	145	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	146	! Adapted for land surface model
	147	!
	148	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	149	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	150	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	151	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	152	!
	153	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	154	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	155	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	156	!
	157	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	158	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	159	!
	160	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	161	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	162	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	163	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	164	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	165	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	166	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	167	! all variable declaration statements
	168	!
	169	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	170	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	171	!
	172	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	173	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	174	!
	175	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	176	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	177	!
	178	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	179	! OpenACC statements added
	180	!
	181	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	182	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	183	!
	184	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	185	! Initial revision
	186	!
	187	!
	188	! Description:
	189	! ------------
	190	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	191	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	192	!> available:
	193	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	194	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	195	!> slower
	196	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	197	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	198	!>
	199	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	200	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[2696]	201	!> @todo simplify if conditions (which flux need to be computed in which case)
[1691]	202	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	203	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	204
	205	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	206	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
	207	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw
[1691]	208
[2696]	209	#if defined( __chem )
	210	USE chem_modules, &
	211	ONLY: constant_csflux, nvar
	212	#endif
	213
[1691]	214	USE cloud_parameters, &
	215	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	216
	217	USE constants, &
	218	ONLY: pi
	219
	220	USE cpulog
	221
	222	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	223	ONLY: air_chemistry, cloud_droplets, cloud_physics, &
	224	constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	225	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	226	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
[2232]	227	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	228	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[2292]	229	message_string, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, &
	230	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	231	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[2299]	232	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	233
[2232]	234	USE grid_variables, &
	235	ONLY: dx, dy
	236
[1691]	237	USE indices, &
[2232]	238	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	239
	240	USE kinds
	241
	242	USE pegrid
	243
	244	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	245	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	246
[2232]	247	USE surface_mod, &
	248	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	249	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	250
[1691]	251
	252	IMPLICIT NONE
	253
[1992]	254	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	255	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	256	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	257	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	259
[2232]	260	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	261
[2232]	262	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	263	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	264	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	265	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	266	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	267	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	268
	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	270	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	271
	272	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	273	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	274	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	275	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	276	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	277
[2232]	278	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	279
[2232]	280
[1691]	281	SAVE
	282
	283	PRIVATE
	284
[2232]	285	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	286
	287	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	288	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	289	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	290
	291	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	292	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	293	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	294
	295
	296	CONTAINS
	297
	298
	299	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	300	! Description:
	301	! ------------
	302	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	303	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	304	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	305
	306	IMPLICIT NONE
	307
[2232]	308	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	309	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	310	!
[2696]	311	!-- Derive potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	312	!-- from the fields pt and q
[2232]	313	!
[2696]	314	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	315	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	316	DO l = 0, 1
	317	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	318	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	319	CALL calc_pt_q
	320	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_pt_surface
	321	ENDIF
	322	ENDDO
[2232]	323	!
[2696]	324	!-- Call for natural-type horizontal surfaces
	325	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	326	surf => surf_lsm_h
	327	CALL calc_pt_q
	328	ENDIF
	329
	330	!
	331	!-- Call for urban-type horizontal surfaces
	332	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	333	surf => surf_usm_h
	334	CALL calc_pt_q
	335	ENDIF
	336
	337	!
	338	!-- Call for natural-type vertical surfaces
	339	DO l = 0, 3
	340	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	341	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
[2232]	342	CALL calc_pt_q
	343	ENDIF
[2696]	344
[2232]	345	!
[2696]	346	!-- Call for urban-type vertical surfaces
	347	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	348	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
[2232]	349	CALL calc_pt_q
	350	ENDIF
[2696]	351	ENDDO
[1691]	352
	353	!
	354	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	355	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	356	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	357	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	358	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	359
	360	!
	361	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	362	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	363	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	364	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	365	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	366	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	367	!
	368	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	369	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	370	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	371	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	372	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	373	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	374	CALL calc_us
	375	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	376	ENDIF
	377	!
[2232]	378	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	379	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	380	surf => surf_lsm_h
	381	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	382	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	383	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	384	CALL calc_us
	385	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	386	ENDIF
	387	!
	388	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	389	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	390	surf => surf_usm_h
	391	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	392	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	393	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	394	CALL calc_us
	395	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	396	ENDIF
	397	!
[1691]	398	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	399	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	400	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	401	!
	402	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	403	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	404	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	405	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	406	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	407	CALL calc_us
	408	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	409	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	410	ENDIF
[2232]	411	!
	412	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	413	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	414	surf => surf_lsm_h
	415	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	416	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	417	CALL calc_us
	418	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	419	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	420	ENDIF
	421	!
	422	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	423	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	424	surf => surf_usm_h
	425	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	426	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	427	CALL calc_us
	428	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	429	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	430	ENDIF
[1691]	431
[2232]	432	ENDIF
	433	!
	434	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	435	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	436	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	437	!-- most_method is required.
	438	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	439	downward = .TRUE.
	440	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	441	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	442	CALL calc_us
	443	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	444	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	445	ENDIF
[2232]	446	!
	447	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	448	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	449	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	450	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	451	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	452	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	453	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	454	!
	455	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	456	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	457	!-- For default-type surfaces
	458	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	459	DO l = 0, 1
	460	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	461	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	462	!
	463	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	464	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	465	!
	466	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	467	CALL calc_us
	468	!
	469	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	470	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	471	ENDIF
	472	ENDDO
	473	!
	474	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	475	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	476	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	477	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	478	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	479	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	480	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	481	DO l = 0, 1
	482	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	483	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	484	!
	485	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	486	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	487	!
	488	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	489	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	490	!
	491	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	492	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	493	!
	494	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	495	CALL calc_us
	496	!
	497	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	498	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	499	ENDIF
	500	ENDDO
	501	ELSE
	502	DO l = 0, 1
	503	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	504	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	505	!
	506	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	507	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	508	!
	509	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	510	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	511	!
	512	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	513	CALL calc_us
	514	!
	515	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	516	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	517	!
	518	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	519	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	520	ENDIF
	521	ENDDO
	522	ENDIF
	523	!
	524	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	525	!-- to be computed.
	526	ELSE
	527	DO l = 0, 1
	528	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	529	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	530	!
	531	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	532	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	533	!
	534	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	535	CALL calc_us
	536	!
	537	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	538	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	539	ENDIF
	540	ENDDO
	541	ENDIF
	542	!
	543	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	544	DO l = 0, 1
	545	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	546	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	547	!
	548	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	549	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	550	!
	551	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	552	CALL calc_us
	553	!
	554	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	555	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	556	ENDIF
	557	ENDDO
	558	!
	559	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	560	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	561	!-- For default-type surfaces
	562	DO l = 2, 3
	563	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	564	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	565	!
	566	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	567	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	568	!
	569	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	570	CALL calc_us
	571	!
	572	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	573	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	574	ENDIF
	575	ENDDO
	576	!
	577	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	578	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	579	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	580	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	581	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	582	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	583	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	584	DO l = 2, 3
	585	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	586	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	587	!
	588	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	589	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	590	!
	591	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	592	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	593	!
	594	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	595	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	596	!
	597	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	598	CALL calc_us
	599	!
	600	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	601	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	602	ENDIF
	603	ENDDO
	604	ELSE
	605	DO l = 2, 3
	606	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	607	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	608	!
	609	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	610	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	611	!
	612	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	613	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	614	!
	615	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	616	CALL calc_us
	617	!
	618	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	619	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	620	!
	621	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	622	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	623	ENDIF
	624	ENDDO
	625	ENDIF
	626	ELSE
	627	DO l = 2, 3
	628	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	629	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	630	!
	631	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	632	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	633	!
	634	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	635	CALL calc_us
	636	!
	637	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	638	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	639	ENDIF
	640	ENDDO
	641	ENDIF
	642	!
	643	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	644	DO l = 2, 3
	645	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	646	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	647	!
	648	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	649	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	650	!
	651	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	652	CALL calc_us
	653	!
	654	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	655	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	656	ENDIF
	657	ENDDO
	658	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	659	!
	660	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	661	!-- surfaces.
	662	mom_w = .TRUE.
	663	!
	664	!-- Default-type surfaces
	665	DO l = 0, 3
	666	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	667	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	668	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	669	CALL calc_us
	670	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	671	ENDIF
	672	ENDDO
	673	!
	674	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	675	DO l = 0, 3
	676	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	677	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	678	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	679	CALL calc_us
	680	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	681	ENDIF
	682	ENDDO
	683	!
	684	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	685	DO l = 0, 3
	686	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	687	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	688	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	689	CALL calc_us
	690	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	691	ENDIF
	692	ENDDO
	693	mom_w = .FALSE.
	694	!
	695	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	696	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	697	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	698	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	699	!
	700	!-- Default-type surfaces
	701	DO l = 0, 3
	702	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	703	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	704	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	705	CALL calc_us
	706	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	707	ENDIF
	708	ENDDO
	709	!
	710	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	711	DO l = 0, 3
	712	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	713	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	714	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	715	CALL calc_us
	716	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	717	ENDIF
	718	ENDDO
	719	!
	720	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	721	DO l = 0, 3
	722	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	723	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	724	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	725	CALL calc_us
	726	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	727	ENDIF
	728	ENDDO
	729	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	730
[1691]	731
	732	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	733
	734
	735	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	736	! Description:
	737	! ------------
	738	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	739	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	740	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	741	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	742	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	743
	744	IMPLICIT NONE
	745
[2232]	746	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	747	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	748
	749	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	750
	751	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	752
	753	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	754
	755
	756	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	757	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	758	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	759	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	760	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	761
	762
[1709]	763
[2232]	764
[1709]	765	!
	766	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	767	!-- large value
[2232]	768	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	769	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	770	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	771	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	772	ENDIF
[1709]	773
[1691]	774	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	775
	776	!
	777	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	778	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	779	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	780	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	781	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	782	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	783	ENDIF
[1691]	784	ENDIF
[2232]	785	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	786	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	787	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	788	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	789	ENDIF
	790	ENDIF
	791	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	792	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	793	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	794	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	795	ENDIF
	796	ENDIF
	797	!
	798	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	799	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	800	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	801	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	802	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	803	ENDIF
	804	ENDIF
	805	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	806	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	807	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	808	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	809	ENDIF
	810	ENDIF
	811	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	812	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	813	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	814	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	815	ENDIF
	816	ENDIF
[1691]	817
[2232]	818
[1691]	819	#if defined( __parallel )
	820	!
	821	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	822	!-- is TRUE
	823	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	824	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	825	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	826	#else
	827	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	828	#endif
	829
	830	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	831	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	832	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	833	'heterogeneity'
	834	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	835	ENDIF
	836
	837	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	838
	839	!
	840	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	841	k = nzb
[1691]	842	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	843
	844	!
	845	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	846	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	847	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	848	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	849	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	850	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	851	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	852
[2232]	853	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	854	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	855	ENDDO
	856
	857	!
	858	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	859	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	860	regr_old = regr
	861	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	862	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	863	ENDDO
	864
	865	!
	866	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	867	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	868	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	869	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	870	ENDDO
	871
	872	!
[1757]	873	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	874	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	875	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	876	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	877	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	878	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	879	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	880	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	881	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	882	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	883	ENDIF
[1691]	884	!
	885	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	886	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	887	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	888	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	889	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	890	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	891	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	892	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	893	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	894	)**3
	895	ENDDO
	896	ELSE
[2232]	897	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	898	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	899	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	900	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	901	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	902	) &
	903	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	904	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	905	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	906	)**2
	907	ENDDO
	908	ENDIF
	909
	910	!
	911	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	912	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	913	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	914	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	915
	916	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	917	ENDIF
	918
	919	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	920
	921
	922	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	923	! Description:
	924	! ------------
[1709]	925	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	926	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	927	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	928	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	929
	930	IMPLICIT NONE
	931
[2232]	932	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	933	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	934	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	935	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	936	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	937
[2232]	938	!
	939	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	940	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	941
[2232]	942	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	943
[2232]	944	i = surf%i(m)
	945	j = surf%j(m)
	946	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	947	!
[2232]	948	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	949	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	950	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	951	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	952	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	953	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	954	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	955	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	956	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	957	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
	958	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	959	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	960	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	961	) * ibit &
	962	) &
	963	)**2 + &
	964	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	965	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	966	) * ibit &
	967	) &
	968	)**2 &
	969	)
	970
[1691]	971	ENDDO
	972
[2232]	973	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	974
	975
	976	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	977	! Description:
	978	! ------------
	979	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	980	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	981	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	982	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	983
	984	IMPLICIT NONE
	985
	986	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	987	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	988	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	989	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	990
	991	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	992	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	993
	994
	995	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	996	i = surf%i(m)
	997	j = surf%j(m)
	998	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	999	!
[2232]	1000	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	1001	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	1002	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1003	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1004
[2232]	1005	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	1006
[2232]	1007	ENDDO
[1709]	1008
[2232]	1009	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	1010
[1709]	1011	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1012	! Description:
	1013	! ------------
[2232]	1014	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1015	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1016	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1017	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1018
	1019	IMPLICIT NONE
	1020
	1021	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1022	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1023	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1024	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1025
	1026	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1027	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1028
	1029
	1030	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1031	i = surf%i(m)
	1032	j = surf%j(m)
	1033	k = surf%k(m)
	1034
	1035	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1036	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1037	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1038
	1039	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1040
	1041	ENDDO
	1042
	1043	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1044
	1045	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1046	! Description:
	1047	! ------------
	1048	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1049	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1050	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1051	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1052
	1053	IMPLICIT NONE
	1054
	1055	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1056	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1057	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1058	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1059
	1060	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1061	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1062	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1063	!
	1064	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1065	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1066	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1067	i = surf%i(m)
	1068	j = surf%j(m)
	1069	k = surf%k(m)
	1070
	1071	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1072	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1073	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1074	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1075
	1076	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1077	ENDDO
	1078	!
	1079	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1080	ELSE
	1081	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1082	i = surf%i(m)
	1083	j = surf%j(m)
	1084	k = surf%k(m)
	1085
	1086	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1087	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1088	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1089	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1090
	1091	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1092	ENDDO
	1093	ENDIF
	1094
	1095	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1096
	1097	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1098	! Description:
	1099	! ------------
	1100	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1101	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1102	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1103	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1104
	1105	IMPLICIT NONE
	1106
	1107	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1108	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1109	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1110	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1111
	1112	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1113	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1114	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1115
	1116	!
	1117	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1118	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1119	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1120	i = surf%i(m)
	1121	j = surf%j(m)
	1122	k = surf%k(m)
	1123
	1124	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1125	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1126	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1127
	1128	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1129	ENDDO
	1130	!
	1131	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1132	ELSE
	1133	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1134	i = surf%i(m)
	1135	j = surf%j(m)
	1136	k = surf%k(m)
	1137
	1138	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1139	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1140	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1141
	1142	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1143	ENDDO
	1144	ENDIF
	1145
	1146	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1147
	1148
	1149	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1150	! Description:
	1151	! ------------
[1709]	1152	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1154	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1155
	1156	IMPLICIT NONE
	1157
[2232]	1158	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1159	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1160	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1161
	1162	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1163	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1164	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1165	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1166	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1167	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1168
[1691]	1169	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1170	!
	1171	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1172	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1173	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1174	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1175	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1176	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1177
[2232]	1178	i = surf%i(m)
	1179	j = surf%j(m)
	1180	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1181
[2232]	1182	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1183
	1184	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1185	( vpt(k,j,i) - vpt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1186	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 vpt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1187	ENDDO
	1188	ELSE
	1189	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1190	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1191
	1192	i = surf%i(m)
	1193	j = surf%j(m)
	1194	k = surf%k(m)
	1195
	1196	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1197
	1198	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1199	( pt(k,j,i) - pt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1200	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 pt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1201	ENDDO
	1202	ENDIF
	1203	ELSE
	1204	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1205	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1206	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1207
	1208	i = surf%i(m)
	1209	j = surf%j(m)
	1210	k = surf%k(m)
	1211
	1212	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1213
	1214	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
	1215	* q(k,j,i) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1216	* pt(k,j,i) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
	1217	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1218	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 vpt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1219	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1220	ENDDO
	1221	ELSE
	1222	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1223	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1224
[2232]	1225	i = surf%i(m)
	1226	j = surf%j(m)
	1227	k = surf%k(m)
	1228
	1229	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1230
	1231	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1232	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1233	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 pt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
	1234	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1235	ENDDO
	1236	ENDIF
	1237	ENDIF
	1238
[1691]	1239	ENDIF
	1240
[2232]	1241
[1691]	1242	!
	1243	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1244	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1245	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1246
[2232]	1247	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1248
[2232]	1249	i = surf%i(m)
	1250	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1251
[2232]	1252	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1253
[1691]	1254	!
[2232]	1255	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1256	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1257
	1258	!
[2232]	1259	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1260	!-- length have the same sign
	1261	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1262	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1263	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1264	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1265	ENDIF
[1691]	1266	!
[2232]	1267	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1268	iter = 0
	1269	DO
	1270	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1271	!
[2232]	1272	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1273	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1274	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1275	EXIT
	1276	ENDIF
[1691]	1277
[2232]	1278	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1279	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1280	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1281
	1282
[2232]	1283	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1284	!
[2232]	1285	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1286	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1287	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1288	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1289	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1290	ol_m ) &
	1291	) &
	1292	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1293	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1294	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1295	ol_m ) &
	1296	)**2
[1691]	1297
	1298	!
[2232]	1299	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1300	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1301	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1302	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1303	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1304	) &
	1305	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1306	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1307	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1308	)**2 &
	1309	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1310	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1311	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1312	) &
	1313	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1314	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1315	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1316	)**2 &
	1317	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1318	ELSE
[1691]	1319	!
[2232]	1320	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1321	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1322	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1323	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1324	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1325	)**3
[1691]	1326
	1327	!
[2232]	1328	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1329	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1330	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1331	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1332	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1333	)**3 &
	1334	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1335	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1336	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1337	)**3 &
	1338	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1339	ENDIF
[1691]	1340	!
[2232]	1341	!-- Calculate new L
	1342	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1343
	1344	!
[2232]	1345	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1346	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1347	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1348	!
[2232]	1349	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1350	!-- value that is allowed
	1351	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1352	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1353	EXIT
	1354	ENDIF
[1691]	1355	!
[2232]	1356	!-- Check for convergence
	1357	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1358	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1359	EXIT
	1360	ELSE
	1361	CYCLE
	1362	ENDIF
[1691]	1363
	1364	ENDDO
	1365	ENDDO
	1366
	1367	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1368
[2281]	1369	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1370	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1371
[2232]	1372	i = surf%i(m)
	1373	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1374	!
[2232]	1375	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1376	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1377	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1378	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1379
	1380	!
[2232]	1381	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1382	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1383	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1384	!-- correct direction
	1385	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1386	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1387	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1388	li = li-1
	1389	ENDDO
	1390	ELSE
	1391	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1392	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1393	li = li+1
	1394	ENDDO
	1395	ENDIF
	1396	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1397
	1398	!
[2232]	1399	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1400	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1401	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1402	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1403
	1404	ENDDO
	1405
	1406	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1407
[2232]	1408	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
	1409	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1410	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1411
[2232]	1412	i = surf%i(m)
	1413	j = surf%j(m)
	1414	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1415
[2232]	1416	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1417
[2232]	1418	surf%ol(m) = ( pt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1419	( kappa * g * &
	1420	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1421	!
	1422	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1423	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1424	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1425	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1426	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1427	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1428	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1429	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1430	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1431
[1691]	1432	ENDDO
[2547]	1433	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1434	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1435	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1436
[2232]	1437	i = surf%i(m)
	1438	j = surf%j(m)
	1439	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1440
[2232]	1441	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1442
	1443
	1444	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1445	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1446	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1447	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1448	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1449	!
[2232]	1450	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1451	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1452	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1453	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1454	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1455	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1456	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1457	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1458	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1459
[2232]	1460	ENDDO
	1461	ELSE
	1462
	1463	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1464	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1465
	1466	i = surf%i(m)
	1467	j = surf%j(m)
	1468	k = surf%k(m)
	1469
	1470	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1471
	1472	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1473	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * pt(k,j,i) * &
	1474	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) * &
	1475	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1476
	1477	!
	1478	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1479	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1480	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1481	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1482	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1483	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1484	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1485	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1486	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1487
	1488	ENDDO
	1489
	1490	ENDIF
	1491
	1492	ENDIF
	1493
[1691]	1494	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1495
	1496	!
	1497	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1498	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1499
	1500	IMPLICIT NONE
	1501
[2232]	1502	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1503
[2232]	1504	!
	1505	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1506	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1507	!
	1508	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1509	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1510	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1511	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1512
[2232]	1513	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1514	!
[2232]	1515	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1516	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1517	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1518	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1519	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1520
	1521	ENDDO
	1522	!
	1523	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1524	!-- any stability.
	1525	ELSE
[2281]	1526	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1527	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1528
	1529	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1530	!
	1531	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1532	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1533
	1534	ENDDO
	1535	ENDIF
	1536	!
	1537	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1538	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1539	ELSE
	1540	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1541	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1542	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1543
	1544	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1545	ENDDO
[2232]	1546	ENDIF
[1691]	1547
	1548	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1549
	1550	!
	1551	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
[2232]	1552	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
[1691]	1553	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1554
	1555	IMPLICIT NONE
	1556
[2232]	1557	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1558
	1559	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1560	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1561
	1562	i = surf%i(m)
	1563	j = surf%j(m)
	1564	k = surf%k(m)
	1565
[2547]	1566	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1567	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1568	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1569	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
	1570	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1571	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
[2696]	1572	ELSE
	1573	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i)
	1574	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1575	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1576	ELSE
	1577	surf%qv1(m) = 0.0_wp
	1578	ENDIF
[2547]	1579	ENDIF
[2232]	1580
[1691]	1581	ENDDO
	1582
	1583	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1584
[2696]	1585
[1691]	1586	!
[2696]	1587	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	1588	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
	1589	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1590
	1591	IMPLICIT NONE
	1592
	1593	INTEGER(iwp) :: koff !< index offset between surface and atmosphere grid point (-1 for upward-, +1 for downward-facing walls)
	1594	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1595
	1596	koff = surf%koff
	1597	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1598	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1599
	1600	i = surf%i(m)
	1601	j = surf%j(m)
	1602	k = surf%k(m)
	1603
	1604	surf%pt_surface(m) = pt(k+koff,j,i)
	1605
	1606	ENDDO
	1607
	1608	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_surface
	1609
	1610	!
[2292]	1611	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1612	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1613
	1614	IMPLICIT NONE
	1615
[2232]	1616
	1617	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[2696]	1618	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1619	!
[2232]	1620	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1621	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1622	!
	1623	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1624
	1625	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1626	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1627
	1628	i = surf%i(m)
	1629	j = surf%j(m)
	1630	k = surf%k(m)
	1631
	1632	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1633	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1634
[1691]	1635	!
[2232]	1636	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1637	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1638	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1639	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1640
[1691]	1641	ENDDO
	1642
[2232]	1643	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1644	!
	1645	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1646	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1647
	1648	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1649	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1650	i = surf%i(m)
	1651	j = surf%j(m)
	1652	k = surf%k(m)
	1653
	1654	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1655	ENDDO
	1656	ENDIF
	1657
[2696]	1658	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1659	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1660
[2696]	1661	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1662
[2696]	1663	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - surf%pt_surface(m) ) &
	1664	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1665	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1666	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1667
[2696]	1668	ENDDO
[2232]	1669
	1670	ENDIF
	1671	!
	1672	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1673	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1674	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1675	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1676	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1677
	1678	i = surf%i(m)
	1679	j = surf%j(m)
	1680	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1681	!
	1682	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1683	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1684	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1685	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1686
[1691]	1687	ENDDO
	1688	ENDIF
	1689
	1690	!
[2232]	1691	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1692	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1693	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1694	!
[1788]	1695	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1696	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1697	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1698
	1699	i = surf%i(m)
	1700	j = surf%j(m)
	1701	k = surf%k(m)
	1702	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1703	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1704
[1691]	1705	ENDDO
	1706
[2232]	1707	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1708	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1709	run_coupled )
	1710
[1788]	1711	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1712	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1713	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1714
	1715	i = surf%i(m)
	1716	j = surf%j(m)
	1717	k = surf%k(m)
	1718	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1719
[1691]	1720	ENDDO
	1721	ENDIF
	1722
	1723	!
[2232]	1724	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1725	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1726	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1727	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1728	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1729	i = surf%i(m)
	1730	j = surf%j(m)
	1731	k = surf%k(m)
	1732	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1733	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1734	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1735	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1736	ENDDO
	1737	ENDIF
[1691]	1738
[2547]	1739	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1740	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1741	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1742
[2232]	1743	i = surf%i(m)
	1744	j = surf%j(m)
	1745	k = surf%k(m)
	1746
	1747	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1748
[2232]	1749	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1750	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1751	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1752	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1753	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1754	ENDDO
[2232]	1755	ELSE
	1756	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1757	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1758
	1759	i = surf%i(m)
	1760	j = surf%j(m)
	1761	k = surf%k(m)
	1762
	1763	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1764
	1765	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1766	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1767	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1768	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1769	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1770	ENDDO
	1771	ENDIF
	1772	ENDIF
	1773	!
	1774	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1775	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1776	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1777	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1778
	1779	i = surf%i(m)
	1780	j = surf%j(m)
	1781	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1782
[1691]	1783	ENDDO
	1784	ENDIF
	1785	ENDIF
[1960]	1786
	1787	!
	1788	!-- If required compute s*
	1789	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1790	!
[2232]	1791	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1792	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1793	!
	1794	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1795	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1796	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1797	i = surf%i(m)
	1798	j = surf%j(m)
	1799	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1800	ENDDO
	1801	ENDIF
[2232]	1802	!
	1803	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1804	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1805	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1806	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1807	i = surf%i(m)
	1808	j = surf%j(m)
	1809	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1810	ENDDO
	1811	ENDIF
[1960]	1812	ENDIF
[1691]	1813
[2292]	1814	!
[2696]	1815	!-- If required compute cs* (chemical species)
	1816	#if defined( __chem )
	1817	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
	1818	!
	1819	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1820	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1821	IF ( constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1822	!-- For a given chemical species' flux in the surface layer
	1823	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1824	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1825	i = surf%i(m)
	1826	j = surf%j(m)
	1827	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1828	ENDDO
	1829	ENDIF
	1830	ENDDO
	1831	!
	1832	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1833	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
	1834	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	1835	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1836	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1837	i = surf%i(m)
	1838	j = surf%j(m)
	1839	surf%css(lsp,m) = -surf%cssws(lsp,m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1840	ENDDO
	1841	ENDDO
	1842	ENDIF
	1843	ENDIF
	1844	#endif
	1845
	1846	!
[2292]	1847	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
	1848	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1849	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1850	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1851	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1852
[2292]	1853	i = surf%i(m)
	1854	j = surf%j(m)
	1855	k = surf%k(m)
	1856
	1857	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1858
	1859	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1860	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1861	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1862	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1863
	1864	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1865	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1866	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1867	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1868	ENDDO
	1869
	1870	ENDIF
	1871
[1691]	1872	!
	1873	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[2232]	1874	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
	1875	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1876	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1877	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1878
[2232]	1879	i = surf%i(m)
	1880	j = surf%j(m)
	1881	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1882
[2232]	1883	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1884
[2232]	1885	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1886	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1887	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1888	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1889
[2232]	1890	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1891	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1892	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1893	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1894	ENDDO
	1895
	1896	ENDIF
	1897
	1898	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1899
	1900
	1901
	1902	!
[2292]	1903	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1904	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1905
	1906	IMPLICIT NONE
	1907
[2696]	1908	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1909	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< running index for chemical species
[1691]	1910
[2232]	1911	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1912	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1913	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1914	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1915	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1916	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1917
	1918	!
[2232]	1919	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1920	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1921	!
	1922	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1923	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1924	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1925	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1926	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1927
	1928	i = surf%i(m)
	1929	j = surf%j(m)
	1930	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1931
[2232]	1932	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1933
[2232]	1934	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1935	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1936	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1937	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1938	!
	1939	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1940	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1941	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1942	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1943	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1944	!-- tests had shown.
	1945	!-- Same also for ol.
	1946	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1947
[2232]	1948	ENDDO
[1691]	1949	!
[2232]	1950	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1951	ELSE
	1952	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1953	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1954
	1955	i = surf%i(m)
	1956	j = surf%j(m)
	1957	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1958
[2232]	1959	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1960
	1961	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1962	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1963
[2232]	1964	ENDDO
	1965	ENDIF
[1691]	1966
[2232]	1967	!
	1968	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1969	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1970	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	1971	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1972	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1973	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1974	i = surf%i(m)
	1975	j = surf%j(m)
	1976	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1977
[2232]	1978	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1979
[2232]	1980	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1981	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1982	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1983	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1984	!
[2232]	1985	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1986	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	1987	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1988	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1989	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1990	!-- tests had shown.
	1991	!-- Same also for ol.
	1992	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1993	ENDDO
	1994	!
	1995	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	1996	ELSE
	1997	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1998	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1999	i = surf%i(m)
	2000	j = surf%j(m)
	2001	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2002
[2232]	2003	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2004
	2005	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2006	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	2007	ENDDO
	2008	ENDIF
[1691]	2009	!
[2232]	2010	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	2011	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	2012	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
[2696]	2013	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
[2299]	2014	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2015	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2016	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2017	i = surf%i(m)
	2018	j = surf%j(m)
	2019	k = surf%k(m)
	2020	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	2021	ENDDO
[2232]	2022	ENDIF
	2023	!
	2024	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	2025	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	2026	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
[2696]	2027	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	2028	.NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	2029	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2030	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2031	i = surf%i(m)
	2032	j = surf%j(m)
	2033	k = surf%k(m)
	2034	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	2035	ENDDO
	2036	ENDIF
	2037	!
	2038	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	2039	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	2040	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	2041	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2042	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	2043
[2232]	2044	i = surf%i(m)
	2045	j = surf%j(m)
	2046	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2047
[2232]	2048	ENDDO
[2292]	2049	ENDIF
[1691]	2050	!
[2696]	2051	!-- Compute the vertical chemical species' flux
	2052	#if defined( __chem )
	2053	DO lsp = 1, nvar
	2054	IF ( .NOT. constant_csflux(lsp) .AND. air_chemistry .AND. &
	2055	.NOT. downward ) THEN
	2056	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2057	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2058	i = surf%i(m)
	2059	j = surf%j(m)
	2060	surf%cssws(lsp,m) = -surf%css(lsp,m) * surf%us(m)
	2061	ENDDO
	2062	ENDIF
	2063	ENDDO
	2064	#endif
	2065
	2066	!
[2292]	2067	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
	2068	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	2069	.NOT. downward) THEN
	2070	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	2071	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2072
	2073	i = surf%i(m)
	2074	j = surf%j(m)
	2075
	2076	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2077	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2078	ENDDO
	2079	ENDIF
	2080	!
[2232]	2081	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[2292]	2082	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	2083	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	2084	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	2085	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2086
	2087	i = surf%i(m)
	2088	j = surf%j(m)
	2089
	2090	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2091	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2092	ENDDO
[2232]	2093	ENDIF
[1691]	2094
[1960]	2095	!
[2232]	2096	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2097	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2098	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2099	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2100
	2101	i = surf%i(m)
	2102	j = surf%j(m)
	2103	k = surf%k(m)
	2104
	2105	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2106	!
	2107	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2108	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2109	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2110
[1960]	2111	ENDDO
[2232]	2112	ENDIF
	2113	!
	2114	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2115	ELSE
	2116	!
	2117	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2118	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2119	!
	2120	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2121	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2122	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2123	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2124	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2125	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2126	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2127	i = surf%i(m)
	2128	j = surf%j(m)
	2129	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2130
[2232]	2131	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2132
[2232]	2133	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2134	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2135	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2136
	2137	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2138	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2139	ENDDO
	2140	ENDIF
[1691]	2141	!
[2232]	2142	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2143	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2144	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2145	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2146	i = surf%i(m)
	2147	j = surf%j(m)
	2148	k = surf%k(m)
	2149
	2150	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2151
	2152	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2153
	2154	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2155	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2156	ENDDO
[2232]	2157	ENDIF
	2158	!
	2159	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2160	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2161	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2162	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2163	!--
	2164	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2165	!
	2166	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2167	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2168	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2169	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2170
[2232]	2171	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2172	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2173	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2174	i = surf%i(m)
	2175	j = surf%j(m)
	2176	k = surf%k(m)
	2177
	2178	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2179	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2180	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2181	ENDDO
	2182	ELSE
	2183	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2184	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2185	i = surf%i(m)
	2186	j = surf%j(m)
	2187	k = surf%k(m)
	2188
	2189	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2190	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2191	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2192	ENDDO
	2193	ENDIF
	2194
[2281]	2195	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2196	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2197	i = surf%i(m)
	2198	j = surf%j(m)
	2199
	2200	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2201
	2202	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2203	!
[2232]	2204	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2205	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2206	!
[2232]	2207	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2208	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2209
	2210	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2211	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2212	ENDDO
[2232]	2213	!
	2214	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2215	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2216	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2217	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2218	ENDIF
[1691]	2219	ENDIF
	2220
	2221	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2222
	2223
	2224	!
	2225	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2226	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2227
	2228	USE kinds
	2229
	2230	IMPLICIT NONE
	2231
	2232	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2233	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2234	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2235
	2236	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2237	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2238	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2239	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2240	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2241	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2242
	2243
	2244	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2245	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2246	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2247	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2248	ELSE
	2249
	2250	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2251	- bc_d_d
	2252	!
	2253	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2254	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2255
	2256	ENDIF
	2257
	2258	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2259
	2260
	2261	!
	2262	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2263	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2264
	2265	USE kinds
	2266
	2267	IMPLICIT NONE
	2268
	2269	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2270	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2271	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2272
	2273	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2274	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2275	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2276	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2277	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2278	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2279
	2280
	2281	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2282	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2283	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2284	ELSE
	2285	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2286	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2287	+ 1.0_wp
	2288	!
	2289	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2290	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2291	ENDIF
	2292
	2293	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2294
[1697]	2295	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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