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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 2549

Last change on this file since 2549 was 2547, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
extended by cloud_droplets option
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 80.8 KB

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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1691]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1691]	20	! Current revisions:
[1747]	21	! ------------------
[1758]	22	!
[2233]	23	!
[1692]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 2547 2017-10-16 12:41:56Z knoop $
[2547]	27	! extended by cloud_droplets option
	28	!
	29	! 2321 2017-07-24 15:57:07Z schwenkel
[2321]	30	! Bugfix: Correct index in lookup table for Obukhov length
	31	!
	32	! 2299 2017-06-29 10:14:38Z suehring
[2299]	33	! Adjusted for allow separate spinups of LSM and atmosphere code
	34	!
	35	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
[2292]	36	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
	37	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
	38	! and cloud water content (qc).
	39	!
	40	! 2281 2017-06-13 11:34:50Z suehring
[2281]	41	! Clean-up unnecessary index access to surface type
	42	!
	43	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1692]	44	!
[2233]	45	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	46	! Adjustments to new surface concept
	47	! OpenMP bugfix
	48	!
[2119]	49	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
	50	! OpenACC directives and related code removed
	51	!
[2092]	52	! 2091 2016-12-21 16:38:18Z suehring
	53	! Bugfix in calculation of vsws ( incorrect linear interpolation of us )
	54	!
[2077]	55	! 2076 2016-12-02 13:54:20Z raasch
	56	! further openmp bugfix for lookup method
	57	!
[2074]	58	! 2073 2016-11-30 14:34:05Z raasch
	59	! openmp bugfix for lookup method
	60	!
[2038]	61	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
	62	! Anelastic approximation implemented
	63	!
[2012]	64	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	65	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	66	!
[2008]	67	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	68	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	69	!
[2001]	70	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	71	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	72	!
[1993]	73	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	74	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	75	!
[1961]	76	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	77	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	78	!
[1930]	79	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	80	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	81	! completely surrounded by topography
	82	!
[1921]	83	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	84	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	85	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	86	!
[1916]	87	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	88	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	89	! timestep
	90	!
[1851]	91	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	92	! Module renamed
	93	!
	94	!
[1823]	95	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	96	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	97	!
[1789]	98	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	99	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	100	! humidity.
	101	! Syntax layout improved.
	102	!
[1758]	103	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	104	! Minor fixes.
	105	!
[1750]	106	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	107	! further OpenACC adjustments
	108	!
[1748]	109	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	110	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	111	!
[1710]	112	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	113	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	114	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	115	! neutral = .T.
	116	!
[1706]	117	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	118	! Typo removed
	119	!
[1698]	120	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	121	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	122	!
[1697]	123	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	124	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	125	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	126	! updated description.
	127	!
	128	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	129	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	130	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	131	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	132	! directly prescribed by the user.
	133	!
	134	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	135	! Adapted for land surface model
	136	!
	137	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	138	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	139	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	140	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	141	!
	142	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	143	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	144	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	145	!
	146	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	147	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	148	!
	149	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	150	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	151	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	152	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	153	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	154	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	155	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	156	! all variable declaration statements
	157	!
	158	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	159	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	160	!
	161	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	162	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	163	!
	164	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	165	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	166	!
	167	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	168	! OpenACC statements added
	169	!
	170	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	171	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	172	!
	173	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	174	! Initial revision
	175	!
	176	!
	177	! Description:
	178	! ------------
	179	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	180	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	181	!> available:
	182	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	183	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	184	!> slower
	185	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	186	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	187	!>
	188	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
[2118]	189	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP directives
[1691]	190	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	191	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	192
	193	USE arrays_3d, &
[2292]	194	ONLY: e, kh, nc, nr, pt, q, ql, qc, qr, s, u, v, vpt, w, zu, zw, &
	195	drho_air_zw, rho_air_zw
[1691]	196
	197	USE cloud_parameters, &
	198	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	199
	200	USE constants, &
	201	ONLY: pi
	202
	203	USE cpulog
	204
	205	USE control_parameters, &
[2547]	206	ONLY: cloud_droplets, cloud_physics, constant_heatflux, &
	207	constant_scalarflux, constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, &
	208	humidity, ibc_e_b, ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
[2232]	209	intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	210	land_surface, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[2292]	211	message_string, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, &
	212	most_method, neutral, passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, &
	213	run_coupled, surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
[2299]	214	time_since_reference_point, urban_surface, zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	215
[2232]	216	USE grid_variables, &
	217	ONLY: dx, dy
	218
[1691]	219	USE indices, &
[2232]	220	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb
[1691]	221
	222	USE kinds
	223
	224	USE pegrid
	225
	226	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
[2232]	227	ONLY: aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	228
[2232]	229	USE surface_mod, &
	230	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type, &
	231	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
[2007]	232
[1691]	233
	234	IMPLICIT NONE
	235
[1992]	236	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	237	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	238	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
[2232]	239	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for surf type
	240	INTEGER(iwp) :: li_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	241
[2232]	242	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
[1691]	243
[2232]	244	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	245	LOGICAL :: downward = .FALSE.!< Flag indicating downward-facing horizontal surface
	246	LOGICAL :: mom_uv = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of usvs and vsus at vertical surfaces
	247	LOGICAL :: mom_w = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of wsus and wsvs at vertical surfaces
	248	LOGICAL :: mom_tke = .FALSE. !< Flag indicating calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces used for TKE production
	249	LOGICAL :: surf_vertical !< Flag indicating vertical surfaces
[1691]	250
	251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	252	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	253
	254	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	255	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	256	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	257	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	258	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	259
[2232]	260	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surf-type array, used to generalize subroutines
[1691]	261
[2232]	262
[1691]	263	SAVE
	264
	265	PRIVATE
	266
[2232]	267	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, surface_layer_fluxes
[1691]	268
	269	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	270	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	271	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	272
	273	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	274	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	275	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	276
	277
	278	CONTAINS
	279
	280
	281	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	282	! Description:
	283	! ------------
	284	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	285	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	286	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	287
	288	IMPLICIT NONE
	289
[2232]	290	surf_vertical = .FALSE.
	291	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	292	!
	293	!-- In case cloud physics is used, it is required to derive potential
	294	!-- temperature and specific humidity at first grid level from the fields pt
	295	!-- and q
[2547]	296	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	297	!
	298	!-- First call for horizontal default-type surfaces (l=0 - upward facing,
	299	!-- l=1 - downward facing)
	300	DO l = 0, 1
	301	IF ( surf_def_h(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	302	surf => surf_def_h(l)
	303	CALL calc_pt_q
	304	ENDIF
	305	ENDDO
	306	!
	307	!-- Call for natural-type surfaces
	308	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	309	surf => surf_lsm_h
	310	CALL calc_pt_q
	311	ENDIF
	312	!
	313	!-- Call for urban-type surfaces
	314	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	315	surf => surf_usm_h
	316	CALL calc_pt_q
	317	ENDIF
[1691]	318	ENDIF
	319
	320	!
	321	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	322	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	323	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	324	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	325	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	326
	327	!
	328	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
[2232]	329	!-- Note, each routine is called for different surface types.
	330	!-- First call for default-type horizontal surfaces, for natural- and
	331	!-- urban-type surfaces. Note, at this place only upward-facing horizontal
	332	!-- surfaces are treted.
[1691]	333	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	334	!
	335	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	336	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	337	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	338	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	339	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	340	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	341	CALL calc_us
	342	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	343	ENDIF
	344	!
[2232]	345	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	346	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	347	surf => surf_lsm_h
	348	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	349	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	350	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	351	CALL calc_us
	352	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	353	ENDIF
	354	!
	355	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	356	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	357	surf => surf_usm_h
	358	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	359	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	360	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	361	CALL calc_us
	362	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	363	ENDIF
	364	!
[1691]	365	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	366	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	367	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[2232]	368	!
	369	!-- Default-type upward-facing horizontal surfaces
	370	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	371	surf => surf_def_h(0)
	372	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	373	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	374	CALL calc_us
	375	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	376	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[1691]	377	ENDIF
[2232]	378	!
	379	!-- Natural-type horizontal surfaces
	380	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	381	surf => surf_lsm_h
	382	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	383	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	384	CALL calc_us
	385	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	386	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	387	ENDIF
	388	!
	389	!-- Urban-type horizontal surfaces
	390	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	391	surf => surf_usm_h
	392	CALL calc_uvw_abs
	393	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	394	CALL calc_us
	395	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	396	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	397	ENDIF
[1691]	398
[2232]	399	ENDIF
	400	!
	401	!-- Treat downward-facing horizontal surfaces. Note, so far, these are
	402	!-- always default type. Stratification is not considered
	403	!-- in this case, hence, no further distinction between different
	404	!-- most_method is required.
	405	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	406	downward = .TRUE.
	407	surf => surf_def_h(1)
	408	CALL calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	409	CALL calc_us
	410	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
[2232]	411	downward = .FALSE.
[1691]	412	ENDIF
[2232]	413	!
	414	!-- Calculate surfaces fluxes at vertical surfaces for momentum
	415	!-- and subgrid-scale TKE.
	416	!-- No stability is considered. Therefore, scaling parameters and Obukhov-
	417	!-- length do not need to be calculated and no distinction in 'circular',
	418	!-- 'Newton' or 'lookup' is necessary so far.
	419	!-- Note, this will change if stability is once considered.
	420	surf_vertical = .TRUE.
	421	!
	422	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at north- and south-facing
	423	!-- surfaces(usvs).
	424	!-- For default-type surfaces
	425	mom_uv = .TRUE.
	426	DO l = 0, 1
	427	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	428	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	429	!
	430	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	431	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	432	!
	433	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	434	CALL calc_us
	435	!
	436	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	437	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	438	ENDIF
	439	ENDDO
	440	!
	441	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	442	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	443	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	444	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	445	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	446	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	447	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	448	DO l = 0, 1
	449	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	450	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	451	!
	452	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	453	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	454	!
	455	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	456	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	457	!
	458	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	459	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	460	!
	461	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	462	CALL calc_us
	463	!
	464	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	465	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	466	ENDIF
	467	ENDDO
	468	ELSE
	469	DO l = 0, 1
	470	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	471	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	472	!
	473	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	474	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	475	!
	476	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	477	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	478	!
	479	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	480	CALL calc_us
	481	!
	482	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	483	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	484	!
	485	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	486	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	487	ENDIF
	488	ENDDO
	489	ENDIF
	490	!
	491	!-- No ts is required, so scaling parameters and Obukhov length do not need
	492	!-- to be computed.
	493	ELSE
	494	DO l = 0, 1
	495	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	496	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	497	!
	498	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	499	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	500	!
	501	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	502	CALL calc_us
	503	!
	504	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	505	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	506	ENDIF
	507	ENDDO
	508	ENDIF
	509	!
	510	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	511	DO l = 0, 1
	512	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	513	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	514	!
	515	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	516	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	517	!
	518	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	519	CALL calc_us
	520	!
	521	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	522	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	523	ENDIF
	524	ENDDO
	525	!
	526	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes at east- and west-facing
	527	!-- surfaces (vsus).
	528	!-- For default-type surfaces
	529	DO l = 2, 3
	530	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	531	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	532	!
	533	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	534	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	535	!
	536	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	537	CALL calc_us
	538	!
	539	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	540	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	541	ENDIF
	542	ENDDO
	543	!
	544	!-- For natural-type surfaces. Please note, even though stability is not
	545	!-- considered for the calculation of momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces,
	546	!-- scaling parameters and Obukov length are calculated nevertheless in this
	547	!-- case. This is due to the requirement of ts in parameterization of heat
	548	!-- flux in land-surface model in case of aero_resist_kray is not true.
	549	IF ( .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
	550	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	551	DO l = 2, 3
	552	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	553	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	554	!
	555	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	556	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	557	!
	558	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	559	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	560	!
	561	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	562	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	563	!
	564	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	565	CALL calc_us
	566	!
	567	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	568	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	569	ENDIF
	570	ENDDO
	571	ELSE
	572	DO l = 2, 3
	573	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	574	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	575	!
	576	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	577	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	578	!
	579	!-- Compute Obukhov length
	580	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) CALL calc_ol
	581	!
	582	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	583	CALL calc_us
	584	!
	585	!-- Compute scaling parameters
	586	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	587	!
	588	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	589	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	590	ENDIF
	591	ENDDO
	592	ENDIF
	593	ELSE
	594	DO l = 2, 3
	595	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	596	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	597	!
	598	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	599	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	600	!
	601	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	602	CALL calc_us
	603	!
	604	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	605	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	606	ENDIF
	607	ENDDO
	608	ENDIF
	609	!
	610	!-- For urban-type surfaces
	611	DO l = 2, 3
	612	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	613	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	614	!
	615	!-- Compute surface-parallel velocity
	616	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	617	!
	618	!-- Compute respective friction velocity on staggered grid
	619	CALL calc_us
	620	!
	621	!-- Compute respective surface fluxes for momentum and TKE
	622	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	623	ENDIF
	624	ENDDO
	625	mom_uv = .FALSE.
	626	!
	627	!-- Calculate horizontal momentum fluxes of w (wsus and wsvs) at vertial
	628	!-- surfaces.
	629	mom_w = .TRUE.
	630	!
	631	!-- Default-type surfaces
	632	DO l = 0, 3
	633	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	634	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	635	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	636	CALL calc_us
	637	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	638	ENDIF
	639	ENDDO
	640	!
	641	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	642	DO l = 0, 3
	643	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	644	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	645	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	646	CALL calc_us
	647	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	648	ENDIF
	649	ENDDO
	650	!
	651	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	652	DO l = 0, 3
	653	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	654	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	655	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	656	CALL calc_us
	657	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	658	ENDIF
	659	ENDDO
	660	mom_w = .FALSE.
	661	!
	662	!-- Calculate momentum fluxes usvs, vsus, wsus and wsvs at vertical
	663	!-- surfaces for TKE production. Note, here, momentum fluxes are defined
	664	!-- at grid center and are not staggered as before.
	665	mom_tke = .TRUE.
	666	!
	667	!-- Default-type surfaces
	668	DO l = 0, 3
	669	IF ( surf_def_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	670	surf => surf_def_v(l)
	671	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	672	CALL calc_us
	673	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	674	ENDIF
	675	ENDDO
	676	!
	677	!-- Natural-type surfaces
	678	DO l = 0, 3
	679	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	680	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
	681	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	682	CALL calc_us
	683	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	684	ENDIF
	685	ENDDO
	686	!
	687	!-- Urban-type surfaces
	688	DO l = 0, 3
	689	IF ( surf_usm_v(l)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	690	surf => surf_usm_v(l)
	691	CALL calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	692	CALL calc_us
	693	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	694	ENDIF
	695	ENDDO
	696	mom_tke = .FALSE.
	697
[1691]	698
	699	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	700
	701
	702	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	703	! Description:
	704	! ------------
	705	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	706	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	707	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	708	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	709	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	710
	711	IMPLICIT NONE
	712
[2232]	713	INTEGER(iwp) :: li, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
[1691]	714	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	715
	716	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	717
	718	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	719
	720	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	721
	722
	723	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	724	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	725	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	726	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	727	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	728
	729
[1709]	730
[2232]	731
[1709]	732	!
	733	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	734	!-- large value
[2232]	735	IF ( neutral ) THEN
	736	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) surf_def_h(0)%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	737	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_lsm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	738	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) surf_usm_h%ol = 1.0E10_wp
	739	ENDIF
[1709]	740
[1691]	741	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	742
	743	!
	744	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
[2232]	745	!-- inform user. Check for both, natural and non-natural walls.
	746	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	747	IF ( MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	748	MINVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	749	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	750	ENDIF
[1691]	751	ENDIF
[2232]	752	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	753	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	754	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	755	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	756	ENDIF
	757	ENDIF
	758	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	759	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	760	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	761	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	762	ENDIF
	763	ENDIF
	764	!
	765	!-- Check roughness homogeneity between differt surface types.
	766	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	767	IF ( MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	768	MINVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	769	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	770	ENDIF
	771	ENDIF
	772	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	773	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0h ) .OR. &
	774	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) ) THEN
	775	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	776	ENDIF
	777	ENDIF
	778	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 .AND. surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	779	IF ( MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0h ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0h ) .OR. &
	780	MINVAL( surf_usm_h%z0 ) /= MAXVAL( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) ) THEN
	781	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	782	ENDIF
	783	ENDIF
[1691]	784
[2232]	785
[1691]	786	#if defined( __parallel )
	787	!
	788	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	789	!-- is TRUE
	790	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	791	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	792	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	793	#else
	794	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	795	#endif
	796
	797	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	798	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	799	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	800	'heterogeneity'
	801	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	802	ENDIF
	803
	804	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	805
	806	!
	807	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
[2232]	808	k = nzb
[1691]	809	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	810
	811	!
	812	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	813	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	814	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	815	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	816	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	817	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	818	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	819
[2232]	820	DO li = 1, num_steps_n
	821	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	822	ENDDO
	823
	824	!
	825	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	826	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	827	regr_old = regr
	828	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	829	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	830	ENDDO
	831
	832	!
	833	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
[2232]	834	DO li = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	835	zeta_tmp(li) = zeta_tmp(li-1) + zeta_step
[1691]	836	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	837	ENDDO
	838
	839	!
[1757]	840	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
[2232]	841	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	842	z0h_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0h(1)
	843	z0_min = surf_def_h(0)%z0(1)
	844	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	845	z0h_min = surf_lsm_h%z0h(1)
	846	z0_min = surf_lsm_h%z0(1)
	847	ELSEIF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	848	z0h_min = surf_usm_h%z0h(1)
	849	z0_min = surf_usm_h%z0(1)
	850	ENDIF
[1691]	851	!
	852	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	853	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	854	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	855	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
[2232]	856	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	857	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	858	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	859	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	860	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	861	)**3
	862	ENDDO
	863	ELSE
[2232]	864	DO li = 0, num_steps-1
	865	ol_tab(li) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-li)
	866	rib_tab(li) = z_mo / ol_tab(li) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	867	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	868	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	869	) &
	870	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
[2232]	871	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(li) ) &
	872	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(li) ) &
[1691]	873	)**2
	874	ENDDO
	875	ENDIF
	876
	877	!
	878	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	879	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	880	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	881	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	882
	883	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	884	ENDIF
	885
	886	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	887
	888
	889	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	890	! Description:
	891	! ------------
[1709]	892	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
[2232]	893	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
[1691]	894	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2232]	895	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
[1691]	896
	897	IMPLICIT NONE
	898
[2232]	899	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	900	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibit !< flag to mask computation of relative velocity in case of downward-facing surfaces
	901	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	902	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	903	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
[1691]	904
[2232]	905	!
	906	!-- ibit is 1 for upward-facing surfaces, zero for downward-facing surfaces.
	907	ibit = MERGE( 1, 0, .NOT. downward )
[1691]	908
[2232]	909	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	910
[2232]	911	i = surf%i(m)
	912	j = surf%j(m)
	913	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	914	!
[2232]	915	!-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity.
	916	!-- (relative to the surface in case the lower surface is the ocean).
	917	!-- Please note, in new surface modelling concept the index values changed,
	918	!-- i.e. the reference grid point is not the surface-grid point itself but
	919	!-- the first grid point outside of the topography.
	920	!-- Note, in case of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations relative velocity
	921	!-- with respect to the ocean surface is used, hence, (k-1,j,i) values
	922	!-- are used to calculate the absolute velocity.
	923	!-- However, this do not apply for downward-facing walls. To mask this,
	924	!-- use ibit, which checks for upward/downward-facing surfaces.
[1691]	925
[2232]	926	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( &
	927	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) &
	928	- ( u(k-1,j,i) + u(k-1,j,i+1) &
	929	) * ibit &
	930	) &
	931	)**2 + &
	932	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) &
	933	- ( v(k-1,j,i) + v(k-1,j+1,i) &
	934	) * ibit &
	935	) &
	936	)**2 &
	937	)
	938
[1691]	939	ENDDO
	940
[2232]	941	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs
	942
	943
	944	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	945	! Description:
	946	! ------------
	947	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	948	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	949	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	950	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	951
	952	IMPLICIT NONE
	953
	954	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	955	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	956	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	957	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	958
	959	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	960	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	961
	962
	963	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	964	i = surf%i(m)
	965	j = surf%j(m)
	966	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	967	!
[2232]	968	!-- Compute the absolute value of the surface parallel velocity on u-grid.
	969	u_i = u(k,j,i)
	970	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	971	w(k,j,i-1) + w(k,j,i) )
[1691]	972
[2232]	973	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + w_i2 )
[1709]	974
[2232]	975	ENDDO
[1709]	976
[2232]	977	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_ugrid
	978
[1709]	979	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	980	! Description:
	981	! ------------
[2232]	982	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	983	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	984	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	985	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	986
	987	IMPLICIT NONE
	988
	989	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	990	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	991	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	992	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	993
	994	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	995	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	996
	997
	998	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	999	i = surf%i(m)
	1000	j = surf%j(m)
	1001	k = surf%k(m)
	1002
	1003	v_i = u(k,j,i)
	1004	w_i = 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1005	w(k,j-1,i) + w(k,j,i) )
	1006
	1007	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( v_i2 + w_i2 )
	1008
	1009	ENDDO
	1010
	1011	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_vgrid
	1012
	1013	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1014	! Description:
	1015	! ------------
	1016	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1017	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1018	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1019	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1020
	1021	IMPLICIT NONE
	1022
	1023	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1024	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1025	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1026	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1027
	1028	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1029	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1030	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1031	!
	1032	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) surfaces
	1033	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1034	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1035	i = surf%i(m)
	1036	j = surf%j(m)
	1037	k = surf%k(m)
	1038
	1039	u_i = 0.25_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i+1) + u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1040	u(k,j,i+1) + u(k,j,i) )
	1041	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1042	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1043
	1044	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1045	ENDDO
	1046	!
	1047	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces
	1048	ELSE
	1049	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1050	i = surf%i(m)
	1051	j = surf%j(m)
	1052	k = surf%k(m)
	1053
	1054	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1055	v_i = 0.25_wp * ( v(k+1,j+1,i) + v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1056	v(k,j+1,i) + v(k,j,i) )
	1057	w_i = w(k,j,i)
	1058
	1059	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1060	ENDDO
	1061	ENDIF
	1062
	1063	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_wgrid
	1064
	1065	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1066	! Description:
	1067	! ------------
	1068	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	1069	!> surface) for horizontal surface elements. This is required by all methods.
	1070	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1071	SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1072
	1073	IMPLICIT NONE
	1074
	1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
	1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
	1077	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
	1078	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
	1079
	1080	REAL(wp) :: u_i
	1081	REAL(wp) :: v_i
	1082	REAL(wp) :: w_i
	1083
	1084	!
	1085	!-- North- (l=0) and south-facing (l=1) walls
	1086	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	1087	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1088	i = surf%i(m)
	1089	j = surf%j(m)
	1090	k = surf%k(m)
	1091
	1092	u_i = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	1093	v_i = 0.0_wp
	1094	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1095
	1096	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1097	ENDDO
	1098	!
	1099	!-- East- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) walls
	1100	ELSE
	1101	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1102	i = surf%i(m)
	1103	j = surf%j(m)
	1104	k = surf%k(m)
	1105
	1106	u_i = 0.0_wp
	1107	v_i = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	1108	w_i = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	1109
	1110	surf%uvw_abs(m) = SQRT( u_i2 + v_i2 + w_i**2 )
	1111	ENDDO
	1112	ENDIF
	1113
	1114	END SUBROUTINE calc_uvw_abs_v_sgrid
	1115
	1116
	1117	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1118	! Description:
	1119	! ------------
[1709]	1120	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	1121	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1122	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1123
	1124	IMPLICIT NONE
	1125
[2232]	1126	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter !< Newton iteration step
	1127	INTEGER(iwp) :: li !< look index
	1128	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal wall elements
[1709]	1129
	1130	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1131	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	1132	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	1133	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	1134	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	1135	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	1136
[1691]	1137	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
[2232]	1138	!
	1139	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	1140	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	1141	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	1142	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1143	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1144	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1145
[2232]	1146	i = surf%i(m)
	1147	j = surf%j(m)
	1148	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1149
[2232]	1150	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1151
	1152	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1153	( vpt(k,j,i) - vpt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1154	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 vpt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1155	ENDDO
	1156	ELSE
	1157	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1158	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1159
	1160	i = surf%i(m)
	1161	j = surf%j(m)
	1162	k = surf%k(m)
	1163
	1164	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1165
	1166	surf%rib(m) = g * z_mo * &
	1167	( pt(k,j,i) - pt(k-1,j,i) ) / &
	1168	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*2 pt(k,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1169	ENDDO
	1170	ENDIF
	1171	ELSE
	1172	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1173	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1174	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1175
	1176	i = surf%i(m)
	1177	j = surf%j(m)
	1178	k = surf%k(m)
	1179
	1180	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1181
	1182	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
	1183	* q(k,j,i) ) * surf%shf(m) + 0.61_wp &
	1184	* pt(k,j,i) * surf%qsws(m) ) * &
	1185	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1186	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 vpt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
[1709]	1187	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[2232]	1188	ENDDO
	1189	ELSE
	1190	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1191	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1192
[2232]	1193	i = surf%i(m)
	1194	j = surf%j(m)
	1195	k = surf%k(m)
	1196
	1197	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1198
	1199	surf%rib(m) = - g * z_mo * surf%shf(m) * &
	1200	drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1201	( surf%uvw_abs(m)*3 pt(k,j,i) * kappa**2 &
	1202	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
	1203	ENDDO
	1204	ENDIF
	1205	ENDIF
	1206
[1691]	1207	ENDIF
	1208
[2232]	1209
[1691]	1210	!
	1211	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	1212	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	1213	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	1214
[2232]	1215	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1216
[2232]	1217	i = surf%i(m)
	1218	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1219
[2232]	1220	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1221
[1691]	1222	!
[2232]	1223	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	1224	ol_old = surf%ol(m)
[1691]	1225
	1226	!
[2232]	1227	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1228	!-- length have the same sign
	1229	IF ( surf%rib(m) * surf%ol(m) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
	1230	ABS( surf%ol(m) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	1231	IF ( surf%rib(m) > 1.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = 0.01_wp
	1232	IF ( surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = -0.01_wp
	1233	ENDIF
[1691]	1234	!
[2232]	1235	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	1236	iter = 0
	1237	DO
	1238	iter = iter + 1
[1691]	1239	!
[2232]	1240	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	1241	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	1242	surf%ol(m) = ol_old
	1243	EXIT
	1244	ENDIF
[1691]	1245
[2232]	1246	ol_m = surf%ol(m)
	1247	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	1248	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
[1691]	1249
	1250
[2232]	1251	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
[1691]	1252	!
[2232]	1253	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	1254	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( &
	1255	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1256	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1257	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / &
	1258	ol_m ) &
	1259	) &
	1260	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1261	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1262	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / &
	1263	ol_m ) &
	1264	)**2
[1691]	1265
	1266	!
[2232]	1267	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1268	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1269	surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1270	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1271	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_u ) &
	1272	) &
	1273	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1274	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1275	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1276	)**2 &
	1277	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1278	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1279	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / ol_l ) &
	1280	) &
	1281	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1282	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1283	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1284	)**2 &
	1285	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1286	ELSE
[1691]	1287	!
[2232]	1288	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	1289	f = surf%rib(m) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / &
	1290	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1291	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	1292	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_m ) &
	1293	)**3
[1691]	1294
	1295	!
[2232]	1296	!-- Calculate df/dL
	1297	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / &
	1298	surf%z0(m) ) &
	1299	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	1300	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_u ) &
	1301	)**3 &
	1302	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1303	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	1304	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / ol_l ) &
	1305	)**3 &
	1306	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	1307	ENDIF
[1691]	1308	!
[2232]	1309	!-- Calculate new L
	1310	surf%ol(m) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
[1691]	1311
	1312	!
[2232]	1313	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	1314	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	1315	IF ( surf%ol(m) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) surf%ol(m) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
[1691]	1316	!
[2232]	1317	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	1318	!-- value that is allowed
	1319	IF ( ABS( surf%ol(m) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	1320	surf%ol(m) = ol_max
	1321	EXIT
	1322	ENDIF
[1691]	1323	!
[2232]	1324	!-- Check for convergence
	1325	IF ( ABS( ( surf%ol(m) - ol_m ) / &
	1326	surf%ol(m) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	1327	EXIT
	1328	ELSE
	1329	CYCLE
	1330	ENDIF
[1691]	1331
	1332	ENDDO
	1333	ENDDO
	1334
	1335	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	1336
[2281]	1337	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, z_mo, li ) FIRSTPRIVATE( li_bnd ) LASTPRIVATE( li_bnd )
[2232]	1338	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1339
[2232]	1340	i = surf%i(m)
	1341	j = surf%j(m)
[1691]	1342	!
[2232]	1343	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	1344	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	1345	IF ( surf%rib(m) < rib_min ) surf%rib(m) = rib_min
	1346	IF ( surf%rib(m) > rib_max ) surf%rib(m) = rib_max
[1691]	1347
	1348	!
[2232]	1349	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	1350	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	1351	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	1352	!-- correct direction
	1353	li = li_bnd
[2321]	1354	IF ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1355	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li-1) - surf%rib(m) > 0.0_wp .AND. li > 0 )
[2232]	1356	li = li-1
	1357	ENDDO
	1358	ELSE
	1359	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(li) - surf%rib(m) < 0.0_wp &
	1360	.AND. li < num_steps-1 )
	1361	li = li+1
	1362	ENDDO
	1363	ENDIF
	1364	li_bnd = li
[1691]	1365
	1366	!
[2232]	1367	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
	1368	surf%ol(m) = ( ol_tab(li-1) + ( ol_tab(li) - ol_tab(li-1) ) &
	1369	/ ( rib_tab(li) - rib_tab(li-1) ) &
	1370	* ( surf%rib(m) - rib_tab(li-1) ) )
[1691]	1371
	1372	ENDDO
	1373
	1374	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	1375
[2232]	1376	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
	1377	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1378	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1379
[2232]	1380	i = surf%i(m)
	1381	j = surf%j(m)
	1382	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1383
[2232]	1384	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1385
[2232]	1386	surf%ol(m) = ( pt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1387	( kappa * g * &
	1388	surf%ts(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1389	!
	1390	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
[2232]	1391	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
[1691]	1392	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1393	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1394	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[2232]	1395	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1396	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1397	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1398	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1399
[1691]	1400	ENDDO
[2547]	1401	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1402	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1403	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1404
[2232]	1405	i = surf%i(m)
	1406	j = surf%j(m)
	1407	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1408
[2232]	1409	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1410
	1411
	1412	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1413	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + &
	1414	0.61_wp * surf%pt1(m) * surf%us(m) &
	1415	+ 0.61_wp * surf%qv1(m) * surf%ts(m) - &
	1416	surf%ts(m) * ql(k,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
[1691]	1417	!
[2232]	1418	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1419	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1420	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1421	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1422	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1423	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1424	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1425	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1426	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	1427
[2232]	1428	ENDDO
	1429	ELSE
	1430
	1431	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1432	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1433
	1434	i = surf%i(m)
	1435	j = surf%j(m)
	1436	k = surf%k(m)
	1437
	1438	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1439
	1440	surf%ol(m) = ( vpt(k,j,i) * surf%us(m)**2 ) / &
	1441	( kappa * g * ( surf%ts(m) + 0.61_wp * pt(k,j,i) * &
	1442	surf%qs(m) + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) * &
	1443	surf%ts(m) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	1444
	1445	!
	1446	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	1447	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 1), because
	1448	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	1449	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	1450	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
	1451	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	1452	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_min
	1453	IF ( ( z_mo / ( surf%ol(m) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	1454	surf%ol(m) = z_mo / zeta_max
	1455
	1456	ENDDO
	1457
	1458	ENDIF
	1459
	1460	ENDIF
	1461
[1691]	1462	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	1463
	1464	!
	1465	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	1466	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1467
	1468	IMPLICIT NONE
	1469
[2232]	1470	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1471
[2232]	1472	!
	1473	!-- Compute u* at horizontal surfaces at the scalars' grid points
	1474	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1475	!
	1476	!-- Compute u* at upward-facing surfaces
	1477	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1478	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1479	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1480
[2232]	1481	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1482	!
[2232]	1483	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1484	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / &
	1485	( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1486	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1487	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1488
	1489	ENDDO
	1490	!
	1491	!-- Compute u* at downward-facing surfaces. This case, do not consider
	1492	!-- any stability.
	1493	ELSE
[2281]	1494	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
[2232]	1495	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1496
	1497	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1498	!
	1499	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	1500	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1501
	1502	ENDDO
	1503	ENDIF
	1504	!
	1505	!-- Compute u* at vertical surfaces at the u/v/v grid, respectively.
	1506	!-- No stability is considered in this case.
	1507	ELSE
	1508	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( z_mo )
	1509	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1510	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1511
	1512	surf%us(m) = kappa * surf%uvw_abs(m) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1513	ENDDO
[2232]	1514	ENDIF
[1691]	1515
	1516	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	1517
	1518	!
	1519	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
[2232]	1520	!-- ( only for upward-facing surfs )
[1691]	1521	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1522
	1523	IMPLICIT NONE
	1524
[2232]	1525	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1526
	1527	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1528	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1529
	1530	i = surf%i(m)
	1531	j = surf%j(m)
	1532	k = surf%k(m)
	1533
[2547]	1534	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1535	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1536	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	1537	ELSEIF( cloud_droplets ) THEN
	1538	surf%pt1(m) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	1539	surf%qv1(m) = q(k,j,i)
	1540	ENDIF
[2232]	1541
[1691]	1542	ENDDO
	1543
	1544	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	1545
	1546	!
[2292]	1547	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qc, qr, nc, nr)
[1691]	1548	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1549
	1550	IMPLICIT NONE
	1551
[2232]	1552
	1553	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
	1554
[1691]	1555	!
[2232]	1556	!-- Compute theta* at horizontal surfaces
	1557	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1558	!
	1559	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
[2232]	1560
	1561	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1562	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1563
	1564	i = surf%i(m)
	1565	j = surf%j(m)
	1566	k = surf%k(m)
	1567
	1568	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1569	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1570
[1691]	1571	!
[2232]	1572	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1573	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1574	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1575	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1576
[1691]	1577	ENDDO
	1578
[2232]	1579	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1580	!
	1581	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	1582	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1583
	1584	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1585	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1586	i = surf%i(m)
	1587	j = surf%j(m)
	1588	k = surf%k(m)
	1589
	1590	pt(k-1,j,i) = pt_surface
[1691]	1591	ENDDO
	1592	ENDIF
	1593
[2547]	1594	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1595	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1596	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1597
[2232]	1598	i = surf%i(m)
	1599	j = surf%j(m)
	1600	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1601
[2232]	1602	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1603
[2232]	1604	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( surf%pt1(m) - pt(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1605	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1606	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1607	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1608
[1691]	1609	ENDDO
[2232]	1610	ELSE
	1611	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1612	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1613
	1614	i = surf%i(m)
	1615	j = surf%j(m)
	1616	k = surf%k(m)
	1617
	1618	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1619
	1620	surf%ts(m) = kappa * ( pt(k,j,i) - pt(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1621	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0h(m) ) &
	1622	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1623	+ psi_h( surf%z0h(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1624	ENDDO
	1625	ENDIF
	1626	ENDIF
	1627	!
	1628	!-- Compute theta* at vertical surfaces. This is only required in case of
	1629	!-- land-surface model, in order to compute aerodynamical resistance.
	1630	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1631	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1632	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1633
	1634	i = surf%i(m)
	1635	j = surf%j(m)
	1636	surf%ts(m) = -surf%shf(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1637	!
	1638	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	1639	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	1640	IF ( surf%ts(m) < -1.05E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = -1.0E5_wp
	1641	IF ( surf%ts(m) > 1.0E5_wp ) surf%ts(m) = 1.0E5_wp
	1642
[1691]	1643	ENDDO
	1644	ENDIF
	1645
	1646	!
[2232]	1647	!-- If required compute q* at horizontal surfaces
[1960]	1648	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[2232]	1649	IF ( constant_waterflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1691]	1650	!
[1788]	1651	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[2232]	1652	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1653	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1654
	1655	i = surf%i(m)
	1656	j = surf%j(m)
	1657	k = surf%k(m)
	1658	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) * drho_air_zw(k-1) / &
	1659	( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1660
[1691]	1661	ENDDO
	1662
[2232]	1663	ELSEIF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
[1788]	1664	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	1665	run_coupled )
	1666
[1788]	1667	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[2232]	1668	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1669	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1670
	1671	i = surf%i(m)
	1672	j = surf%j(m)
	1673	k = surf%k(m)
	1674	q(k-1,j,i) = q_surface
	1675
[1691]	1676	ENDDO
	1677	ENDIF
	1678
	1679	!
[2232]	1680	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	1681	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	1682	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	1683	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, e_s )
	1684	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1685	i = surf%i(m)
	1686	j = surf%j(m)
	1687	k = surf%k(m)
	1688	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	1689	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k-1,j,i),pt(k,j,i)) &
[1691]	1690	- 273.15_wp ) )
[2232]	1691	q(k-1,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	1692	ENDDO
	1693	ENDIF
[1691]	1694
[2547]	1695	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[2232]	1696	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1697	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1698
[2232]	1699	i = surf%i(m)
	1700	j = surf%j(m)
	1701	k = surf%k(m)
	1702
	1703	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1704
[2232]	1705	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( surf%qv1(m) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1706	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1707	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1708	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1709	surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1710	ENDDO
[2232]	1711	ELSE
	1712	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1713	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1714
	1715	i = surf%i(m)
	1716	j = surf%j(m)
	1717	k = surf%k(m)
	1718
	1719	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1720
	1721	surf%qs(m) = kappa * ( q(k,j,i) - q(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1722	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1723	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1724	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / &
	1725	surf%ol(m) ) )
	1726	ENDDO
	1727	ENDIF
	1728	ENDIF
	1729	!
	1730	!-- Compute q* at vertical surfaces
	1731	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1732	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1733	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1734
	1735	i = surf%i(m)
	1736	j = surf%j(m)
	1737	surf%qs(m) = -surf%qsws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1738
[1691]	1739	ENDDO
	1740	ENDIF
	1741	ENDIF
[1960]	1742
	1743	!
	1744	!-- If required compute s*
	1745	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	1746	!
[2232]	1747	!-- At horizontal surfaces
	1748	IF ( constant_scalarflux .AND. .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1749	!
	1750	!-- For a given scalar flux in the surface layer
[2281]	1751	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1752	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1753	i = surf%i(m)
	1754	j = surf%j(m)
	1755	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
[1960]	1756	ENDDO
	1757	ENDIF
[2232]	1758	!
	1759	!-- At vertical surfaces
	1760	IF ( surf_vertical ) THEN
[2281]	1761	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1762	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1763	i = surf%i(m)
	1764	j = surf%j(m)
	1765	surf%ss(m) = -surf%ssws(m) / ( surf%us(m) + 1E-30_wp )
	1766	ENDDO
	1767	ENDIF
[1960]	1768	ENDIF
[1691]	1769
[2292]	1770	!
	1771	!-- If required compute qc* and nc*
	1772	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1773	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1774	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1775	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1776
[2292]	1777	i = surf%i(m)
	1778	j = surf%j(m)
	1779	k = surf%k(m)
	1780
	1781	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1782
	1783	surf%qcs(m) = kappa * ( qc(k,j,i) - qc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1784	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1785	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1786	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1787
	1788	surf%ncs(m) = kappa * ( nc(k,j,i) - nc(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1789	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1790	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1791	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1792	ENDDO
	1793
	1794	ENDIF
	1795
[1691]	1796	!
	1797	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[2232]	1798	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
	1799	.NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1800	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1801	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1802
[2232]	1803	i = surf%i(m)
	1804	j = surf%j(m)
	1805	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1806
[2232]	1807	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1808
[2232]	1809	surf%qrs(m) = kappa * ( qr(k,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1810	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1811	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1812	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1813
[2232]	1814	surf%nrs(m) = kappa * ( nr(k,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1815	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0q(m) ) &
	1816	- psi_h( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1817	+ psi_h( surf%z0q(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1818	ENDDO
	1819
	1820	ENDIF
	1821
	1822	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	1823
	1824
	1825
	1826	!
[2292]	1827	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qcsws, qrsws, ncsws, nrsws)
[1691]	1828	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1829
	1830	IMPLICIT NONE
	1831
[2232]	1832	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop variable over all horizontal surf elements
[1691]	1833
[2232]	1834	REAL(wp) :: dum !< dummy to precalculate logarithm
	1835	REAL(wp) :: flag_u !< flag indicating u-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1836	REAL(wp) :: flag_v !< flag indicating v-grid, used for calculation of horizontal momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1837	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_i !< u-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1838	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_i !< v-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
	1839	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_i !< w-component interpolated onto scalar grid point, required for momentum fluxes at vertical surfaces
[1691]	1840
	1841	!
[2232]	1842	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at horizontal walls
	1843	IF ( .NOT. surf_vertical ) THEN
	1844	!
	1845	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain at upward-facing surfaces.
	1846	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1847	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1848	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1849	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1850
	1851	i = surf%i(m)
	1852	j = surf%j(m)
	1853	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1854
[2232]	1855	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1856
[2232]	1857	surf%usws(m) = kappa * ( u(k,j,i) - u(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1858	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1859	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1860	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
	1861	!
	1862	!-- Please note, the computation of usws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1863	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the u-grid, where usws is defined,
	1864	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1865	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1866	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1867	!-- tests had shown.
	1868	!-- Same also for ol.
	1869	surf%usws(m) = -surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1870
[2232]	1871	ENDDO
[1691]	1872	!
[2232]	1873	!-- At downward-facing surfaces
	1874	ELSE
	1875	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1876	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1877
	1878	i = surf%i(m)
	1879	j = surf%j(m)
	1880	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1881
[2232]	1882	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1883
	1884	surf%usws(m) = kappa * u(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	1885	!
[2232]	1886	!-- To Do: Is the sign correct???
	1887	surf%usws(m) = surf%usws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
[1691]	1888
[2232]	1889	ENDDO
	1890	ENDIF
[1691]	1891
[2232]	1892	!
	1893	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1894	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1895	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
	1896	IF ( .NOT. downward ) THEN
	1897	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1898	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1899	i = surf%i(m)
	1900	j = surf%j(m)
	1901	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1902
[2232]	1903	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1691]	1904
[2232]	1905	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1906	/ ( LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) ) &
	1907	- psi_m( z_mo / surf%ol(m) ) &
	1908	+ psi_m( surf%z0(m) / surf%ol(m) ) )
[1691]	1909	!
[2232]	1910	!-- Please note, the computation of vsws is not fully accurate. Actually
	1911	!-- a further interpolation of us onto the v-grid, where vsws is defined,
	1912	!-- is required. However, this is not done as this would require several
	1913	!-- data transfers between 2D-grid and the surf-type.
	1914	!-- The impact of the missing interpolation is negligible as several
	1915	!-- tests had shown.
	1916	!-- Same also for ol.
	1917	surf%vsws(m) = -surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1918	ENDDO
	1919	!
	1920	!-- Downward-facing surfaces
	1921	ELSE
	1922	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	1923	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1924	i = surf%i(m)
	1925	j = surf%j(m)
	1926	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	1927
[2232]	1928	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	1929
	1930	surf%vsws(m) = kappa * v(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	1931
	1932	surf%vsws(m) = surf%vsws(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k)
	1933	ENDDO
	1934	ENDIF
[1691]	1935	!
[2232]	1936	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2299]	1937	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( ( time_since_reference_point&
	1938	<= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. &
	1939	.NOT. land_surface ) .AND. .NOT. urban_surface .AND. &
	1940	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	1941	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1942	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1943	i = surf%i(m)
	1944	j = surf%j(m)
	1945	k = surf%k(m)
	1946	surf%shf(m) = -surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
[1691]	1947	ENDDO
[2232]	1948	ENDIF
	1949	!
	1950	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	1951	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
[2299]	1952	( ( time_since_reference_point <= skip_time_do_lsm .AND. &
	1953	simulated_time > 0.0_wp ) .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	1954	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2232]	1955	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	1956	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1957	i = surf%i(m)
	1958	j = surf%j(m)
	1959	k = surf%k(m)
	1960	surf%qsws(m) = -surf%qs(m) * surf%us(m) * rho_air_zw(k-1)
	1961	ENDDO
	1962	ENDIF
	1963	!
	1964	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	1965	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	1966	.NOT. downward ) THEN
[2281]	1967	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1968	DO m = 1, surf%ns
[1691]	1969
[2232]	1970	i = surf%i(m)
	1971	j = surf%j(m)
	1972	surf%ssws(m) = -surf%ss(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	1973
[2232]	1974	ENDDO
[2292]	1975	ENDIF
[1691]	1976	!
[2292]	1977	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of cloud water content and cloud drop conc.
	1978	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_morrison .AND. &
	1979	.NOT. downward) THEN
	1980	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
	1981	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1982
	1983	i = surf%i(m)
	1984	j = surf%j(m)
	1985
	1986	surf%qcsws(m) = -surf%qcs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1987	surf%ncsws(m) = -surf%ncs(m) * surf%us(m)
	1988	ENDDO
	1989	ENDIF
	1990	!
[2232]	1991	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[2292]	1992	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert .AND. &
[2232]	1993	.NOT. downward) THEN
[2281]	1994	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j )
[2232]	1995	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	1996
	1997	i = surf%i(m)
	1998	j = surf%j(m)
	1999
	2000	surf%qrsws(m) = -surf%qrs(m) * surf%us(m)
	2001	surf%nrsws(m) = -surf%nrs(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2002	ENDDO
[2232]	2003	ENDIF
[1691]	2004
[1960]	2005	!
[2232]	2006	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE.
	2007	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	2008	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2009	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2010
	2011	i = surf%i(m)
	2012	j = surf%j(m)
	2013	k = surf%k(m)
	2014
	2015	e(k,j,i) = ( surf%us(m) / 0.1_wp )**2
	2016	!
	2017	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
	2018	! e(k,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	2019	e(k-1,j,i) = e(k,j,i)
	2020
[1960]	2021	ENDDO
[2232]	2022	ENDIF
	2023	!
	2024	!-- Calcuate surface fluxes at vertical surfaces. No stability is considered.
	2025	ELSE
	2026	!
	2027	!-- Compute usvs l={0,1} and vsus l={2,3}
	2028	IF ( mom_uv ) THEN
	2029	!
	2030	!-- Generalize computation by introducing flags. At north- and south-
	2031	!-- facing surfaces u-component is used, at east- and west-facing
	2032	!-- surfaces v-component is used.
	2033	flag_u = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 0 .OR. l == 1 )
	2034	flag_v = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, l == 2 .OR. l == 3 )
	2035	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2036	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2037	i = surf%i(m)
	2038	j = surf%j(m)
	2039	k = surf%k(m)
[1691]	2040
[2232]	2041	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
[1960]	2042
[2232]	2043	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = kappa * &
	2044	( flag_u * u(k,j,i) + flag_v * v(k,j,i) ) / &
	2045	LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2046
	2047	surf%mom_flux_uv(m) = &
	2048	- surf%mom_flux_uv(m) * surf%us(m)
	2049	ENDDO
	2050	ENDIF
[1691]	2051	!
[2232]	2052	!-- Compute wsus l={0,1} and wsvs l={2,3}
	2053	IF ( mom_w ) THEN
	2054	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k, z_mo )
	2055	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2056	i = surf%i(m)
	2057	j = surf%j(m)
	2058	k = surf%k(m)
	2059
	2060	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2061
	2062	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = kappa * w(k,j,i) / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
	2063
	2064	surf%mom_flux_w(m) = &
	2065	- surf%mom_flux_w(m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2066	ENDDO
[2232]	2067	ENDIF
	2068	!
	2069	!-- Compute momentum fluxes used for subgrid-scale TKE production at
	2070	!-- vertical surfaces. In constrast to the calculated momentum fluxes at
	2071	!-- vertical surfaces before, which are defined on the u/v/w-grid,
	2072	!-- respectively), the TKE fluxes are defined at the scalar grid.
	2073	!--
	2074	IF ( mom_tke ) THEN
	2075	!
	2076	!-- Precalculate velocity components at scalar grid point.
	2077	ALLOCATE( u_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2078	ALLOCATE( v_i(1:surf%ns) )
	2079	ALLOCATE( w_i(1:surf%ns) )
[1691]	2080
[2232]	2081	IF ( l == 0 .OR. l == 1 ) THEN
	2082	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2083	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2084	i = surf%i(m)
	2085	j = surf%j(m)
	2086	k = surf%k(m)
	2087
	2088	u_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
	2089	v_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2090	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2091	ENDDO
	2092	ELSE
	2093	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
	2094	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2095	i = surf%i(m)
	2096	j = surf%j(m)
	2097	k = surf%k(m)
	2098
	2099	u_i(m) = 0.0_wp
	2100	v_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
	2101	w_i(m) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
	2102	ENDDO
	2103	ENDIF
	2104
[2281]	2105	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, dum, z_mo )
[2232]	2106	DO m = 1, surf%ns
	2107	i = surf%i(m)
	2108	j = surf%j(m)
	2109
	2110	z_mo = surf%z_mo(m)
	2111
	2112	dum = kappa / LOG( z_mo / surf%z0(m) )
[1691]	2113	!
[2232]	2114	!-- usvs (l=0,1) and vsus (l=2,3)
	2115	surf%mom_flux_tke(0,m) = dum * ( u_i(m) + v_i(m) )
[1691]	2116	!
[2232]	2117	!-- wsvs (l=0,1) and wsus (l=2,3)
	2118	surf%mom_flux_tke(1,m) = dum * w_i(m)
	2119
	2120	surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) = &
	2121	- surf%mom_flux_tke(0:1,m) * surf%us(m)
[1691]	2122	ENDDO
[2232]	2123	!
	2124	!-- Deallocate temporary arrays
	2125	DEALLOCATE( u_i )
	2126	DEALLOCATE( v_i )
	2127	DEALLOCATE( w_i )
	2128	ENDIF
[1691]	2129	ENDIF
	2130
	2131	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	2132
	2133
	2134	!
	2135	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	2136	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	2137
	2138	USE kinds
	2139
	2140	IMPLICIT NONE
	2141
	2142	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	2143	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2144	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2145
	2146	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2147	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2148	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2149	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2150	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2151	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2152
	2153
	2154	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2155	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	2156	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	2157	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	2158	ELSE
	2159
	2160	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	2161	- bc_d_d
	2162	!
	2163	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2164	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2165
	2166	ENDIF
	2167
	2168	END FUNCTION psi_m
	2169
	2170
	2171	!
	2172	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	2173	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	2174
	2175	USE kinds
	2176
	2177	IMPLICIT NONE
	2178
	2179	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	2180	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	2181	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	2182
	2183	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	2184	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	2185	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	2186	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	2187	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	2188	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	2189
	2190
	2191	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	2192	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	2193	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	2194	ELSE
	2195	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	2196	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	2197	+ 1.0_wp
	2198	!
	2199	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	2200	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	2201	ENDIF
	2202
	2203	END FUNCTION psi_h
	2204
[1697]	2205	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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