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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 @ 2027

Last change on this file since 2027 was 2012, checked in by kanani, 8 years ago
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[1850]	1	!> @file surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1691]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1691]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[1818]	17	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1691]	18	!
[2000]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1691]	20	! Current revisions:
[1747]	21	! ------------------
[1758]	22	!
[2012]	23	!
[1692]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: surface_layer_fluxes_mod.f90 2012 2016-09-19 17:31:38Z suehring $
	27	!
[2012]	28	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	29	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
	30	!
[2008]	31	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
	32	! Account for urban surface model in computation of vertical kinematic heatflux
	33	!
[2001]	34	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	35	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	36	!
[1993]	37	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
	38	! Minor bug, declaration of look-up index as INTEGER
	39	!
[1961]	40	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	41	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
	42	!
[1930]	43	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	44	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case one grid point is horizontally
	45	! completely surrounded by topography
	46	!
[1921]	47	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
	48	! Avoid segmentation fault (see change in 1915) by different initialization of
	49	! us instead of adding a very small number in the denominator
	50	!
[1916]	51	! 1915 2016-05-27 11:05:02Z suehring
	52	! Bugfix: avoid segmentation fault in case of most_method = 'circular' at first
	53	! timestep
	54	!
[1851]	55	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	56	! Module renamed
	57	!
	58	!
[1823]	59	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	60	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
	61	!
[1789]	62	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
	63	! Added parameter z0q which replaces z0h in the similarity functions for
	64	! humidity.
	65	! Syntax layout improved.
	66	!
[1758]	67	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
	68	! Minor fixes.
	69	!
[1750]	70	! 1749 2016-02-09 12:19:56Z raasch
	71	! further OpenACC adjustments
	72	!
[1748]	73	! 1747 2016-02-08 12:25:53Z raasch
	74	! adjustments for OpenACC usage
	75	!
[1710]	76	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
	77	! Bugfix: division by zero could occur when calculating rib at low wind speeds
	78	! Bugfix: calculation of uv_total for neutral = .T., initial value for ol for
	79	! neutral = .T.
	80	!
[1706]	81	! 1705 2015-11-02 14:28:56Z maronga
	82	! Typo removed
	83	!
[1698]	84	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	85	! FORTRAN and OpenMP errors removed
	86	!
[1697]	87	! 1696 2015-10-27 10:03:34Z maronga
[1691]	88	! Modularized and completely re-written version of prandtl_fluxes.f90. In the
	89	! course of the re-writing two additional methods have been implemented. See
	90	! updated description.
	91	!
	92	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
	93	! Removed land surface model part. The surface fluxes are now always calculated
	94	! within prandtl_fluxes, based on the given surface temperature/humidity (which
	95	! is either provided by the land surface model, by large scale forcing data, or
	96	! directly prescribed by the user.
	97	!
	98	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	99	! Adapted for land surface model
	100	!
	101	! 1494 2014-11-21 17:14:03Z maronga
	102	! Bugfixes: qs is now calculated before calculation of Rif. calculation of
	103	! buoyancy flux in Rif corrected (added missing humidity term), allow use of
	104	! topography for coupled runs (not tested)
	105	!
	106	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
	107	! Bugfix: calculation of turbulent fluxes of rain water content (qrsws) and rain
	108	! drop concentration (nrsws) added
	109	!
	110	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	111	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	112	!
	113	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
	114	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	115	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	116	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	117	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	118	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	119	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	120	! all variable declaration statements
	121	!
	122	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
	123	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
	124	!
	125	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
	126	! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added
	127	!
	128	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	129	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	130	!
	131	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
	132	! OpenACC statements added
	133	!
	134	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
	135	! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added
	136	!
	137	! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch
	138	! Initial revision
	139	!
	140	!
	141	! Description:
	142	! ------------
	143	!> Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the constant flux layer from the
	144	!> values of the variables at grid point k=1. Three different methods are
	145	!> available:
	146	!> 1) the "old" version (most_method = 'circular') which is fast, but inaccurate
	147	!> 2) a Newton iteration method (most_method = 'newton'), which is accurate, but
	148	!> slower
	149	!> 3) a method using a lookup table which is fast and accurate. Note, however,
	150	!> that this method cannot be used in case of roughness heterogeneity
	151	!>
	152	!> @todo (re)move large_scale_forcing actions
	153	!> @todo check/optimize OpenMP and OpenACC directives
	154	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	155	MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod
	156
	157	USE arrays_3d, &
	158	ONLY: e, kh, nr, nrs, nrsws, ol, pt, q, ql, qr, qrs, qrsws, qs, qsws, &
[1960]	159	s, shf, ss, ssws, ts, u, us, usws, v, vpt, vsws, zu, zw, z0, &
	160	z0h, z0q
[1691]	161
	162	USE cloud_parameters, &
	163	ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t
	164
	165	USE constants, &
	166	ONLY: pi
	167
	168	USE cpulog
	169
	170	USE control_parameters, &
[1960]	171	ONLY: cloud_physics, constant_heatflux, constant_scalarflux, &
	172	constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, humidity, ibc_e_b, &
	173	ibc_pt_b, initializing_actions, kappa, &
	174	intermediate_timestep_count, &
[1691]	175	intermediate_timestep_count_max, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, &
[1822]	176	message_string, microphysics_seifert, most_method, neutral, &
	177	passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, run_coupled, &
[2011]	178	surface_pressure, simulated_time, terminate_run, &
	179	urban_surface, &
	180	zeta_max, zeta_min
[1691]	181
	182	USE indices, &
	183	ONLY: nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nysg, nyn, nyng, nzb_s_inner, &
	184	nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner
	185
	186	USE kinds
	187
	188	USE pegrid
	189
	190	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
	191	ONLY: land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
[2011]	192
[2007]	193
[1691]	194
	195	IMPLICIT NONE
	196
[1992]	197	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index x direction
	198	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index y direction
	199	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index z direction
	200	INTEGER(iwp) :: l_bnd = 7500 !< Lookup table index of the last time step
[1691]	201
	202	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: num_steps = 15000 !< number of steps in the lookup table
	203
	204	LOGICAL :: coupled_run !< Flag for coupled atmosphere-ocean runs
	205
	206	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pt1, & !< Potential temperature at first grid level (required for cloud_physics = .T.)
	207	qv1, & !< Specific humidity at first grid level (required for cloud_physics = .T.)
	208	uv_total !< Total velocity at first grid level
	209
	210	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:num_steps-1) :: rib_tab, & !< Lookup table bulk Richardson number
	211	ol_tab !< Lookup table values of L
	212
	213	REAL(wp) :: e_s, & !< Saturation water vapor pressure
	214	ol_max = 1.0E6_wp, & !< Maximum Obukhov length
	215	rib_max, & !< Maximum Richardson number in lookup table
	216	rib_min, & !< Minimum Richardson number in lookup table
	217	z_mo !< Height of the constant flux layer where MOST is assumed
	218
	219
	220	SAVE
	221
	222	PRIVATE
	223
[1747]	224	PUBLIC init_surface_layer_fluxes, pt1, qv1, surface_layer_fluxes, uv_total
[1691]	225
	226	INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	227	MODULE PROCEDURE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	228	END INTERFACE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	229
	230	INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	231	MODULE PROCEDURE surface_layer_fluxes
	232	END INTERFACE surface_layer_fluxes
	233
	234
	235	CONTAINS
	236
	237
	238	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	239	! Description:
	240	! ------------
	241	!> Main routine to compute the surface fluxes
	242	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	243	SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	244
	245	IMPLICIT NONE
	246
	247	!
	248	!-- In case cloud physics is used, it is required to derive potential
	249	!-- temperature and specific humidity at first grid level from the fields pt
	250	!-- and q
	251	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	252	CALL calc_pt_q
	253	ENDIF
	254
	255	!
	256	!-- First, calculate the new Obukhov length, then new friction velocity,
	257	!-- followed by the new scaling parameters (th, q, etc.), and the new
	258	!-- surface fluxes if required. The old routine ("circular") requires a
	259	!-- different order of calls as the scaling parameters from the previous time
	260	!-- steps are used to calculate the Obukhov length
	261
	262	!
	263	!-- Depending on setting of most_method use the "old" routine
	264	IF ( most_method == 'circular' ) THEN
	265
	266	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	267
[1709]	268	CALL calc_uv_total
	269
[1691]	270	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	271	CALL calc_ol
	272	ENDIF
	273
	274	CALL calc_us
	275
	276	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	277
	278	!
	279	!-- Use either Newton iteration or a lookup table for the bulk Richardson
	280	!-- number to calculate the Obukhov length
[1788]	281	ELSEIF ( most_method == 'newton' .OR. most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
[1691]	282
[1709]	283	CALL calc_uv_total
	284
[1691]	285	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
	286	CALL calc_ol
	287	ENDIF
	288
	289	CALL calc_us
	290
	291	CALL calc_scaling_parameters
	292
	293	CALL calc_surface_fluxes
	294
	295	ENDIF
	296
	297	END SUBROUTINE surface_layer_fluxes
	298
	299
	300	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	301	! Description:
	302	! ------------
	303	!> Initializing actions for the surface layer routine. Basically, this involves
	304	!> the preparation of a lookup table for the the bulk Richardson number vs
	305	!> Obukhov length L when using the lookup table method.
	306	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	307	SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	308
	309	IMPLICIT NONE
	310
	311	INTEGER(iwp) :: l, & !< Index for loop to create lookup table
	312	num_steps_n !< Number of non-stretched zeta steps
	313
	314	LOGICAL :: terminate_run_l = .FALSE. !< Flag to terminate run (global)
	315
	316	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: zeta_stretch = -10.0_wp !< Start of stretching in the free convection limit
	317
	318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: zeta_tmp
	319
	320
	321	REAL(wp) :: zeta_step, & !< Increment of zeta
	322	regr = 1.01_wp, & !< Stretching factor of zeta_step in the free convection limit
	323	regr_old = 1.0E9_wp, & !< Stretching factor of last iteration step
	324	z0h_min = 0.0_wp, & !< Minimum value of z0h to create table
	325	z0_min = 0.0_wp !< Minimum value of z0 to create table
	326	!
	327	!-- When cloud physics is used, arrays for storing potential temperature and
	328	!-- specific humidity at first grid level are required
	329	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	330	ALLOCATE ( pt1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	331	ALLOCATE ( qv1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	332	ENDIF
	333
	334	!
	335	!-- Allocate field for storing the horizontal velocity
	336	ALLOCATE ( uv_total(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	337
[1709]	338
	339	!
	340	!-- In case of runs with neutral statification, set Obukhov length to a
	341	!-- large value
	342	IF ( neutral ) ol = 1.0E10_wp
	343
[1691]	344	IF ( most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	345
	346	!
	347	!-- Check for roughness heterogeneity. In that case terminate run and
	348	!-- inform user
[1788]	349	IF ( MINVAL( z0h ) /= MAXVAL( z0h ) .OR. &
[1691]	350	MINVAL( z0 ) /= MAXVAL( z0 ) ) THEN
	351	terminate_run_l = .TRUE.
	352	ENDIF
	353
	354	#if defined( __parallel )
	355	!
	356	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force termiation of model if result
	357	!-- is TRUE
	358	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	359	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( terminate_run_l, terminate_run, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	360	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	361	#else
	362	terminate_run = terminate_run_l
	363	#endif
	364
	365	IF ( terminate_run ) THEN
	366	message_string = 'most_method = "lookup" cannot be used in ' // &
	367	'combination with a prescribed roughness ' // &
	368	'heterogeneity'
	369	CALL message( 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	370	ENDIF
	371
	372	ALLOCATE( zeta_tmp(0:num_steps-1) )
	373
	374	!
	375	!-- Use the lowest possible value for z_mo
	376	k = MINVAL(nzb_s_inner)
	377	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	378
	379	!
	380	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_stretch to zeta_max using 90% of the
	381	!-- available steps (num_steps). The calculation is done with negative
	382	!-- values of zeta in order to simplify the stretching in the free
	383	!-- convection limit for the remaining 10% of steps.
	384	zeta_tmp(0) = - zeta_max
	385	num_steps_n = ( num_steps * 9 / 10 ) - 1
	386	zeta_step = (zeta_max - zeta_stretch) / REAL(num_steps_n)
	387
	388	DO l = 1, num_steps_n
	389	zeta_tmp(l) = zeta_tmp(l-1) + zeta_step
	390	ENDDO
	391
	392	!
	393	!-- Calculate stretching factor for the free convection range
[1788]	394	DO WHILE ( ABS( (regr-regr_old) / regr_old ) > 1.0E-10_wp )
[1691]	395	regr_old = regr
	396	regr = ( 1.0_wp - ( -zeta_min / zeta_step ) * ( 1.0_wp - regr ) &
	397	)**( 10.0_wp / REAL(num_steps) )
	398	ENDDO
	399
	400	!
	401	!-- Calculate z/L range from zeta_min to zeta_stretch
	402	DO l = num_steps_n+1, num_steps-1
	403	zeta_tmp(l) = zeta_tmp(l-1) + zeta_step
	404	zeta_step = zeta_step * regr
	405	ENDDO
	406
	407	!
[1757]	408	!-- Save roughness lengths to temporary variables
	409	z0h_min = z0h(nys,nxl)
	410	z0_min = z0(nys,nxl)
[1691]	411
	412	!
	413	!-- Calculate lookup table for the Richardson number versus Obukhov length
	414	!-- The Richardson number (rib) is defined depending on the choice of
	415	!-- boundary conditions for temperature
	416	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
	417	DO l = 0, num_steps-1
	418	ol_tab(l) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-l)
	419	rib_tab(l) = z_mo / ol_tab(l) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	420	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(l) ) &
	421	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(l) ) &
	422	)**3
	423	ENDDO
	424	ELSE
	425	DO l = 0, num_steps-1
	426	ol_tab(l) = - z_mo / zeta_tmp(num_steps-1-l)
	427	rib_tab(l) = z_mo / ol_tab(l) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h_min ) &
	428	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_tab(l) ) &
	429	+ psi_h( z0h_min / ol_tab(l) ) &
	430	) &
	431	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0_min ) &
	432	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_tab(l) ) &
	433	+ psi_m( z0_min / ol_tab(l) ) &
	434	)**2
	435	ENDDO
	436	ENDIF
	437
	438	!
	439	!-- Determine minimum values of rib in the lookup table. Set upper limit
	440	!-- to critical Richardson number (0.25)
	441	rib_min = MINVAL(rib_tab)
	442	rib_max = 0.25 !MAXVAL(rib_tab)
	443
	444	DEALLOCATE( zeta_tmp )
	445	ENDIF
	446
	447	END SUBROUTINE init_surface_layer_fluxes
	448
	449
	450	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	451	! Description:
	452	! ------------
[1709]	453	!> Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity (relative to the
	454	!> surface). This is required by all methods
[1691]	455	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1709]	456	SUBROUTINE calc_uv_total
[1691]	457
	458	IMPLICIT NONE
	459
	460
[1747]	461	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k )
	462	!$acc kernels loop present( nzb_s_inner, u, uv_total, v ) private( j, k )
[1691]	463	DO i = nxl, nxr
	464	DO j = nys, nyn
	465
	466	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	467	uv_total(j,i) = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k+1,j,i) + u(k+1,j,i+1) &
	468	- u(k,j,i) - u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
	469	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k+1,j,i) + v(k+1,j+1,i) &
	470	- v(k,j,i) - v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 )
	471
	472	!
	473	!-- For too small values of the local wind, MOST does not work. A
	474	!-- threshold value is thus set if required
	475	! uv_total(j,i) = MAX(0.01_wp,uv_total(j,i))
	476
	477	ENDDO
	478	ENDDO
	479
	480	!
	481	!-- Values of uv_total need to be exchanged at the ghost boundaries
	482	!$acc update host( uv_total )
	483	CALL exchange_horiz_2d( uv_total )
	484	!$acc update device( uv_total )
	485
[1709]	486	END SUBROUTINE calc_uv_total
	487
	488
	489	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	490	! Description:
	491	! ------------
	492	!> Calculate the Obukhov length (L) and Richardson flux number (z/L)
	493	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	494	SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	495
	496	IMPLICIT NONE
	497
	498	INTEGER(iwp) :: iter, & !< Newton iteration step
	499	l !< look index
	500
	501	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: rib !< Bulk Richardson number
	502
	503	REAL(wp) :: f, & !< Function for Newton iteration: f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	504	f_d_ol, & !< Derivative of f
	505	ol_l, & !< Lower bound of L for Newton iteration
	506	ol_m, & !< Previous value of L for Newton iteration
	507	ol_old, & !< Previous time step value of L
	508	ol_u !< Upper bound of L for Newton iteration
	509
[1691]	510	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) /= 'circular' ) THEN
	511
[1747]	512	!$acc data present( nzb_s_inner, pt, q, qsws, rib, shf, uv_total, vpt, zu, zw )
	513
[1691]	514	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[1747]	515	!$acc kernels loop private( j, k, z_mo )
[1691]	516	DO i = nxl, nxr
	517	DO j = nys, nyn
	518
	519	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	520	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	521
	522	!
	523	!-- Evaluate bulk Richardson number (calculation depends on
	524	!-- definition based on setting of boundary conditions
	525	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	526	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	527	rib(j,i) = g * z_mo * ( vpt(k+1,j,i) - vpt(k,j,i) ) &
[1709]	528	/ ( uv_total(j,i)*2 vpt(k+1,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
[1691]	529	ELSE
	530	rib(j,i) = g * z_mo * ( pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i) ) &
[1709]	531	/ ( uv_total(j,i)*2 pt(k+1,j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp )
[1691]	532	ENDIF
	533	ELSE
	534	!
	535	!-- When using Neumann boundary conditions, the buoyancy flux
	536	!-- is required but cannot be calculated at the surface, as pt
	537	!-- and q are not known at the surface. Hence the values at
	538	!-- first grid level are used to estimate the buoyancy flux
	539	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	540	rib(j,i) = - g * z_mo * ( ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp &
	541	* q(k+1,j,i) ) * shf(j,i) + 0.61_wp &
	542	* pt(k+1,j,i) * qsws(j,i) ) &
[1709]	543	/ ( uv_total(j,i)*3 vpt(k+1,j,i) * kappa**2&
	544	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
[1691]	545	ELSE
	546	rib(j,i) = - g * z_mo * shf(j,i) &
[1709]	547	/ ( uv_total(j,i)*3 pt(k+1,j,i) * kappa**2 &
	548	+ 1.0E-20_wp )
[1691]	549	ENDIF
	550	ENDIF
	551
	552	ENDDO
	553	ENDDO
[1747]	554	!$acc end data
[1691]	555
	556	ENDIF
	557
	558	!
	559	!-- Calculate the Obukhov length either using a Newton iteration
	560	!-- method, via a lookup table, or using the old circular way
	561	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'newton' ) THEN
	562
	563	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[1749]	564	!# WARNING: does not work on GPU so far because of DO-loop with
	565	!# undetermined iterations
[1747]	566	!!!!!!$acc kernels loop
[1691]	567	DO i = nxl, nxr
	568	DO j = nys, nyn
	569
	570	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	571	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	572
	573	!
	574	!-- Store current value in case the Newton iteration fails
	575	ol_old = ol(j,i)
	576
	577	!
	578	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	579	!-- lengtH have the same sign
[1788]	580	IF ( rib(j,i) * ol(j,i) < 0.0_wp .OR. &
[1691]	581	ABS( ol(j,i) ) == ol_max ) THEN
	582	IF ( rib(j,i) > 0.0_wp ) ol(j,i) = 0.01_wp
	583	IF ( rib(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) ol(j,i) = -0.01_wp
	584	ENDIF
	585	!
	586	!-- Iteration to find Obukhov length
	587	iter = 0
	588	DO
	589	iter = iter + 1
	590	!
	591	!-- In case of divergence, use the value of the previous time step
	592	IF ( iter > 1000 ) THEN
	593	ol(j,i) = ol_old
	594	EXIT
	595	ENDIF
	596
	597	ol_m = ol(j,i)
	598	ol_l = ol_m - 0.001_wp * ol_m
	599	ol_u = ol_m + 0.001_wp * ol_m
	600
	601
	602	IF ( ibc_pt_b /= 1 ) THEN
	603	!
	604	!-- Calculate f = Ri - [...]/[...]^2 = 0
	605	f = rib(j,i) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h(j,i) )&
	606	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	607	+ psi_h( z0h(j,i) / ol_m ) &
	608	) &
	609	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) ) &
	610	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	611	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol_m ) &
	612	)**2
	613
	614	!
	615	!-- Calculate df/dL
	616	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h(j,i) ) &
	617	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	618	+ psi_h( z0h(j,i) / ol_u ) &
	619	) &
	620	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) ) &
	621	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	622	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol_u ) &
	623	)**2 &
	624	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) * ( LOG( z_mo / z0h(j,i) ) &
	625	- psi_h( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	626	+ psi_h( z0h(j,i) / ol_l ) &
	627	) &
	628	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) ) &
	629	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	630	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol_l ) &
	631	)**2 &
	632	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	633	ELSE
	634	!
	635	!-- Calculate f = Ri - 1 /[...]^3 = 0
	636	f = rib(j,i) - ( z_mo / ol_m ) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) )&
	637	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_m ) &
	638	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol_m ) &
	639	)**3
	640
	641	!
	642	!-- Calculate df/dL
	643	f_d_ol = ( - ( z_mo / ol_u ) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) ) &
	644	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_u ) &
	645	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol_u ) &
	646	)**3 &
	647	+ ( z_mo / ol_l ) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) ) &
	648	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_l ) &
	649	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol_l ) &
	650	)**3 &
	651	) / ( ol_u - ol_l )
	652	ENDIF
	653	!
	654	!-- Calculate new L
	655	ol(j,i) = ol_m - f / f_d_ol
	656
	657	!
	658	!-- Ensure that the bulk Richardson number and the Obukhov
	659	!-- length have the same sign and ensure convergence.
	660	IF ( ol(j,i) * ol_m < 0.0_wp ) ol(j,i) = ol_m * 0.5_wp
	661
	662	!
	663	!-- If unrealistic value occurs, set L to the maximum
	664	!-- value that is allowed
	665	IF ( ABS( ol(j,i) ) > ol_max ) THEN
	666	ol(j,i) = ol_max
	667	EXIT
	668	ENDIF
	669	!
	670	!-- Check for convergence
	671	IF ( ABS( ( ol(j,i) - ol_m ) / ol(j,i) ) < 1.0E-4_wp ) THEN
	672	EXIT
	673	ELSE
	674	CYCLE
	675	ENDIF
	676
	677	ENDDO
	678
	679	ENDDO
	680	ENDDO
	681
	682	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
	683
	684	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[1788]	685	!# WARNING: does not work on GPU so far because of DO WHILE construct
[1747]	686	!!!!!!$acc kernels loop
[1691]	687	DO i = nxl, nxr
	688	DO j = nys, nyn
	689
	690	!
	691	!-- If the bulk Richardson number is outside the range of the lookup
	692	!-- table, set it to the exceeding threshold value
	693	IF ( rib(j,i) < rib_min ) rib(j,i) = rib_min
	694	IF ( rib(j,i) > rib_max ) rib(j,i) = rib_max
	695
	696	!
	697	!-- Find the correct index bounds for linear interpolation. As the
	698	!-- Richardson number will not differ very much from time step to
	699	!-- time step , use the index from the last step and search in the
	700	!-- correct direction
	701	l = l_bnd
	702	IF ( rib_tab(l) - rib(j,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	703	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(l-1) - rib(j,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. l > 0 )
[1691]	704	l = l-1
	705	ENDDO
	706	ELSE
[1788]	707	DO WHILE ( rib_tab(l) - rib(j,i) < 0.0_wp &
	708	.AND. l < num_steps-1 )
[1691]	709	l = l+1
	710	ENDDO
	711	ENDIF
	712	l_bnd = l
	713
	714	!
	715	!-- Linear interpolation to find the correct value of z/L
[1788]	716	ol(j,i) = ( ol_tab(l-1) + ( ol_tab(l) - ol_tab(l-1) ) &
	717	/ ( rib_tab(l) - rib_tab(l-1) ) &
[1691]	718	* ( rib(j,i) - rib_tab(l-1) ) )
	719
	720	ENDDO
	721	ENDDO
	722
	723	ELSEIF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'circular' ) THEN
	724
	725	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[1747]	726	!$acc kernels loop present( nzb_s_inner, ol, pt, pt1, q, ql, qs, qv1, ts, us, vpt, zu, zw ) private( j, k, z_mo )
[1691]	727	DO i = nxl, nxr
	728	DO j = nys, nyn
	729
	730	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	731	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	732
	733	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
	734	ol(j,i) = ( pt(k+1,j,i) * us(j,i)*2 ) / ( kappa g &
	735	* ts(j,i) + 1E-30_wp )
	736	ELSEIF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	737
	738	ol(j,i) = ( vpt(k+1,j,i) * us(j,i)*2 ) / ( kappa g &
	739	* ( ts(j,i) + 0.61_wp * pt1(j,i) * qs(j,i) &
	740	+ 0.61_wp * qv1(j,i) * ts(j,i) - ts(j,i) &
	741	* ql(k+1,j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	742	ELSE
	743	ol(j,i) = ( vpt(k+1,j,i) * us(j,i)*2 ) / ( kappa g &
	744	* ( ts(j,i) + 0.61_wp * pt(k+1,j,i) * qs(j,i) &
	745	+ 0.61_wp * q(k+1,j,i) * ts(j,i) ) + 1E-30_wp )
	746	ENDIF
	747	!
	748	!-- Limit the value range of the Obukhov length.
	749	!-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 0), because
	750	!-- the absolute value of ol can then become very small, which in
	751	!-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very
	752	!-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic).
[1929]	753	IF ( ( z_mo / ( ol(j,i) + 1E-30_wp ) ) < zeta_min ) &
	754	ol(j,i) = z_mo / zeta_min
	755	IF ( ( z_mo / ( ol(j,i) + 1E-30_wp ) ) > zeta_max ) &
	756	ol(j,i) = z_mo / zeta_max
[1691]	757	ENDDO
	758	ENDDO
	759
	760	ENDIF
	761
	762	!
	763	!-- Values of ol at ghost point locations are needed for the evaluation
	764	!-- of usws and vsws.
	765	!$acc update host( ol )
	766	CALL exchange_horiz_2d( ol )
	767	!$acc update device( ol )
	768
	769	END SUBROUTINE calc_ol
	770
	771	!
	772	!-- Calculate friction velocity u*
	773	SUBROUTINE calc_us
	774
	775	IMPLICIT NONE
	776
[1697]	777	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[1749]	778	!$acc kernels loop present( nzb_s_inner, ol, us, uv_total, zu, zw, z0 ) private( j, k, z_mo )
[1691]	779	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	780	DO j = nysg, nyng
	781
	782	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1
	783	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	784
	785	!
	786	!-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points
	787	us(j,i) = kappa * uv_total(j,i) / ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) ) &
	788	- psi_m( z_mo / ol(j,i) ) &
	789	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol(j,i) ) )
	790	ENDDO
	791	ENDDO
	792
	793	END SUBROUTINE calc_us
	794
	795	!
	796	!-- Calculate potential temperature and specific humidity at first grid level
	797	SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	798
	799	IMPLICIT NONE
	800
[1747]	801	!$acc kernels loop present( nzb_s_inner, pt, pt1, pt_d_t, q, ql, qv1 ) private( j, k )
[1691]	802	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	803	DO j = nysg, nyng
	804	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1
	805	pt1(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
	806	qv1(j,i) = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
	807	ENDDO
	808	ENDDO
	809
	810	END SUBROUTINE calc_pt_q
	811
	812	!
	813	!-- Calculate the other MOST scaling parameters theta, q, (qr, nr)
	814	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	815
	816	IMPLICIT NONE
	817
	818	!
	819	!-- Data information for accelerators
	820	!$acc data present( e, nrsws, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_s_inner, pt ) &
	821	!$acc present( q, qs, qsws, qrsws, shf, ts, u, us, usws, v ) &
	822	!$acc present( vpt, vsws, zu, zw, z0, z0h )
	823	!
	824	!-- Compute theta*
	825	IF ( constant_heatflux ) THEN
	826
	827	!
	828	!-- For a given heat flux in the surface layer:
	829	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
[1747]	830	!$acc kernels loop private( j )
[1691]	831	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	832	DO j = nysg, nyng
	833	ts(j,i) = -shf(j,i) / ( us(j,i) + 1E-30_wp )
	834	!
	835	!-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case
	836	!-- of us=0 when computing ol further below
	837	IF ( ts(j,i) < -1.05E5_wp ) ts(j,i) = -1.0E5_wp
	838	IF ( ts(j,i) > 1.0E5_wp ) ts(j,i) = 1.0E5_wp
	839	ENDDO
	840	ENDDO
	841
	842	ELSE
	843	!
	844	!-- For a given surface temperature:
[1788]	845	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[1691]	846	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
[1747]	847	!$acc kernels loop private( j, k )
[1691]	848	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	849	DO j = nysg, nyng
	850	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	851	pt(k,j,i) = pt_surface
	852	ENDDO
	853	ENDDO
	854	ENDIF
	855
[1697]	856	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[1749]	857	!$acc kernels loop present( nzb_s_inner, ol, pt, pt1, ts, zu, zw, z0h ) private( j, k, z_mo )
[1691]	858	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	859	DO j = nysg, nyng
	860
	861	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	862	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	863
	864	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	865	ts(j,i) = kappa * ( pt1(j,i) - pt(k,j,i) ) &
	866	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0h(j,i) ) &
	867	- psi_h( z_mo / ol(j,i) ) &
	868	+ psi_h( z0h(j,i) / ol(j,i) ) )
	869	ELSE
	870	ts(j,i) = kappa * ( pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i) ) &
	871	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0h(j,i) ) &
	872	- psi_h( z_mo / ol(j,i) ) &
	873	+ psi_h( z0h(j,i) / ol(j,i) ) )
	874	ENDIF
	875
	876	ENDDO
	877	ENDDO
	878	ENDIF
	879
	880	!
	881	!-- If required compute q*
[1960]	882	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1691]	883	IF ( constant_waterflux ) THEN
	884	!
[1788]	885	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
[1691]	886	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
[1747]	887	!$acc kernels loop private( j )
[1691]	888	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	889	DO j = nysg, nyng
	890	qs(j,i) = -qsws(j,i) / ( us(j,i) + 1E-30_wp )
	891	ENDDO
	892	ENDDO
	893
	894	ELSE
[1788]	895	coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. &
[1691]	896	run_coupled )
	897
[1788]	898	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
[1691]	899	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
[1747]	900	!$acc kernels loop private( j, k )
[1691]	901	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	902	DO j = nysg, nyng
	903	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	904	q(k,j,i) = q_surface
	905	ENDDO
	906	ENDDO
	907	ENDIF
	908
[1697]	909	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( e_s, k, z_mo )
[1788]	910	!$acc kernels loop independent present( nzb_s_inner, ol, pt, q, qs, qv1, zu, zw, z0q ) private( e_s, j, k, z_mo )
[1691]	911	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
[1749]	912	!$acc loop independent
[1691]	913	DO j = nysg, nyng
	914
	915	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	916	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	917
	918	!
	919	!-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not
	920	!-- in case of precursor runs)
	921	IF ( coupled_run ) THEN
	922	e_s = 6.1_wp * &
	923	EXP( 0.07_wp * ( MIN(pt(k,j,i),pt(k+1,j,i)) &
	924	- 273.15_wp ) )
	925	q(k,j,i) = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( surface_pressure - e_s )
	926	ENDIF
	927
	928	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	929	qs(j,i) = kappa * ( qv1(j,i) - q(k,j,i) ) &
[1788]	930	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0q(j,i) ) &
[1691]	931	- psi_h( z_mo / ol(j,i) ) &
[1788]	932	+ psi_h( z0q(j,i) / ol(j,i) ) )
[1691]	933
	934	ELSE
	935	qs(j,i) = kappa * ( q(k+1,j,i) - q(k,j,i) ) &
[1788]	936	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0q(j,i) ) &
[1691]	937	- psi_h( z_mo / ol(j,i) ) &
[1788]	938	+ psi_h( z0q(j,i) / ol(j,i) ) )
[1691]	939	ENDIF
	940
	941	ENDDO
	942	ENDDO
	943	ENDIF
	944	ENDIF
[1960]	945
	946	!
	947	!-- If required compute s*
	948	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	949	IF ( constant_scalarflux ) THEN
	950	!
	951	!-- For a given water flux in the surface layer
	952	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
	953	!$acc kernels loop private( j )
	954	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	955	DO j = nysg, nyng
	956	ss(j,i) = -ssws(j,i) / ( us(j,i) + 1E-30_wp )
	957	ENDDO
	958	ENDDO
	959	ENDIF
	960	ENDIF
[1691]	961
	962
	963	!
	964	!-- If required compute qr* and nr*
[1822]	965	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) &
[1788]	966	THEN
[1691]	967
[1697]	968	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_mo )
[1788]	969	!$acc kernels loop independent present( nr, nrs, nzb_s_inner, ol, qr, qrs, zu, zw, z0q ) private( j, k, z_mo )
[1691]	970	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
[1749]	971	!$acc loop independent
[1691]	972	DO j = nysg, nyng
	973
	974	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	975	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	976
[1749]	977	qrs(j,i) = kappa * ( qr(k+1,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) ) &
[1788]	978	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0q(j,i) ) &
[1749]	979	- psi_h( z_mo / ol(j,i) ) &
[1788]	980	+ psi_h( z0q(j,i) / ol(j,i) ) )
[1691]	981
[1749]	982	nrs(j,i) = kappa * ( nr(k+1,j,i) - nr(k,j,i) ) &
[1788]	983	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0q(j,i) ) &
[1749]	984	- psi_h( z_mo / ol(j,i) ) &
[1788]	985	+ psi_h( z0q(j,i) / ol(j,i) ) )
[1691]	986	ENDDO
	987	ENDDO
	988
	989	ENDIF
[1747]	990	!$acc end data
[1691]	991
	992	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_parameters
	993
	994
	995
	996	!
	997	!-- Calculate surface fluxes usws, vsws, shf, qsws, (qrsws, nrsws)
	998	SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	999
	1000	IMPLICIT NONE
	1001
	1002	REAL(wp) :: ol_mid !< Grid-interpolated L
	1003
	1004	!
	1005	!-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain.
	1006	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1007	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, ol_mid, z_mo )
[1749]	1008	!$acc kernels loop present( nzb_u_inner, ol, u, us, usws, zu, zw, z0 ) private( j, k, z_mo )
[1691]	1009	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1010	DO j = nys, nyn
	1011
	1012	k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)
	1013	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	1014	!
	1015	!-- Compute bulk Obukhov length for this point
	1016	ol_mid = 0.5_wp * ( ol(j,i-1) + ol(j,i) )
	1017
	1018	IF ( ol_mid == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1019	ol_mid = MIN(ol(j,i-1), ol(j,i))
	1020	ENDIF
	1021
	1022	usws(j,i) = kappa * ( u(k+1,j,i) - u(k,j,i) ) &
	1023	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) ) &
	1024	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_mid ) &
	1025	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol_mid ) )
	1026
	1027	usws(j,i) = -usws(j,i) * 0.5_wp * ( us(j,i-1) + us(j,i) )
	1028	ENDDO
	1029	ENDDO
	1030
	1031	!
	1032	!-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain.
	1033	!-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it.
	1034	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, ol_mid, z_mo )
[1749]	1035	!$acc kernels loop present( nzb_v_inner, ol, v, us, vsws, zu, zw, z0 ) private( j, k, ol_mid, z_mo )
[1691]	1036	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1037	DO j = nys, nyn
	1038
	1039	k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)
	1040	z_mo = zu(k+1) - zw(k)
	1041	!
	1042	!-- Compute bulk Obukhov length for this point
	1043	ol_mid = 0.5_wp * ( ol(j-1,i) + ol(j,i) )
	1044
	1045	IF ( ol_mid == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1046	ol_mid = MIN(ol(j-1,i), ol(j-1,i))
	1047	ENDIF
	1048
	1049	vsws(j,i) = kappa * ( v(k+1,j,i) - v(k,j,i) ) &
	1050	/ ( LOG( z_mo / z0(j,i) ) &
	1051	- psi_m( z_mo / ol_mid ) &
	1052	+ psi_m( z0(j,i) / ol_mid ) )
	1053
	1054	vsws(j,i) = -vsws(j,i) * 0.5_wp * ( us(j,i-1) + us(j,i) )
	1055
	1056	ENDDO
	1057	ENDDO
	1058
	1059	!
	1060	!-- Exchange the boundaries for the momentum fluxes (is this still required?)
[1749]	1061	!$acc update host( usws, vsws )
[1691]	1062	CALL exchange_horiz_2d( usws )
	1063	CALL exchange_horiz_2d( vsws )
	1064	!$acc update device( usws, vsws )
	1065
	1066	!
	1067	!-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux
[2007]	1068	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux .AND. ( simulated_time <= &
	1069	skip_time_do_lsm .OR. .NOT. land_surface ) .AND. &
	1070	.NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[1691]	1071	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
[1747]	1072	!$acc kernels loop independent present( shf, ts, us )
[1691]	1073	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1074	!$acc loop independent
	1075	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1076	shf(j,i) = -ts(j,i) * us(j,i)
	1077	ENDDO
	1078	ENDDO
	1079
	1080	ENDIF
	1081
	1082	!
[1960]	1083	!-- Compute the vertical water flux
	1084	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. humidity .AND. &
	1085	( simulated_time <= skip_time_do_lsm &
[1788]	1086	.OR. .NOT. land_surface ) ) THEN
[1691]	1087	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
[1747]	1088	!$acc kernels loop independent present( qs, qsws, us )
[1691]	1089	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1090	!$acc loop independent
	1091	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1092	qsws(j,i) = -qs(j,i) * us(j,i)
	1093	ENDDO
	1094	ENDDO
	1095
	1096	ENDIF
[1960]	1097
	1098	!
	1099	!-- Compute the vertical scalar flux
	1100	IF ( .NOT. constant_scalarflux .AND. passive_scalar .AND. &
	1101	( simulated_time <= skip_time_do_lsm &
	1102	.OR. .NOT. land_surface ) ) THEN
	1103	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
	1104	!$acc kernels loop independent present( qs, qsws, us )
	1105	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1106	!$acc loop independent
	1107	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1108	ssws(j,i) = -ss(j,i) * us(j,i)
	1109	ENDDO
	1110	ENDDO
[1691]	1111
[1960]	1112	ENDIF
	1113
[1691]	1114	!
	1115	!-- Compute (turbulent) fluxes of rain water content and rain drop conc.
[1822]	1116	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1691]	1117	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
[1747]	1118	!$acc kernels loop independent present( nrs, nrsws, qrs, qrsws, us )
[1691]	1119	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1120	!$acc loop independent
	1121	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1122	qrsws(j,i) = -qrs(j,i) * us(j,i)
	1123	nrsws(j,i) = -nrs(j,i) * us(j,i)
	1124	ENDDO
	1125	ENDDO
	1126	ENDIF
	1127
	1128	!
	1129	!-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE
	1130	IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN
	1131	!$OMP PARALLEL DO
[1747]	1132	!$acc kernels loop independent present( e, nzb_s_inner, us )
[1691]	1133	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1134	!$acc loop independent
	1135	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1757]	1136	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1137	e(k+1,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.1_wp )**2
[1691]	1138	!
	1139	!-- As a test: cm = 0.4
[1757]	1140	! e(k+1,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4_wp )**2
	1141	e(k,j,i) = e(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1142	ENDDO
	1143	ENDDO
	1144	ENDIF
	1145
	1146	END SUBROUTINE calc_surface_fluxes
	1147
	1148
	1149	!
	1150	!-- Integrated stability function for momentum
	1151	FUNCTION psi_m( zeta )
	1152
	1153	USE kinds
	1154
	1155	IMPLICIT NONE
	1156
	1157	REAL(wp) :: psi_m !< Integrated similarity function result
	1158	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	1159	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	1160
	1161	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	1162	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	1163	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	1164	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	1165	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	1166	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	1167
	1168
	1169	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	1170	x = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta ) )
[1691]	1171	psi_m = pi * 0.5_wp - 2.0_wp * ATAN( x ) + LOG( ( 1.0_wp + x )**2 &
	1172	* ( 1.0_wp + x*2 ) 0.125_wp )
	1173	ELSE
	1174
	1175	psi_m = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - a * zeta &
	1176	- bc_d_d
	1177	!
	1178	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	1179	!-- psi_m = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	1180
	1181	ENDIF
	1182
	1183	END FUNCTION psi_m
	1184
	1185
	1186	!
	1187	!-- Integrated stability function for heat and moisture
	1188	FUNCTION psi_h( zeta )
	1189
	1190	USE kinds
	1191
	1192	IMPLICIT NONE
	1193
	1194	REAL(wp) :: psi_h !< Integrated similarity function result
	1195	REAL(wp) :: zeta !< Stability parameter z/L
	1196	REAL(wp) :: x !< dummy variable
	1197
	1198	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a = 1.0_wp !< constant
	1199	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b = 0.66666666666_wp !< constant
	1200	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c = 5.0_wp !< constant
	1201	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d = 0.35_wp !< constant
	1202	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_d_d = c / d !< constant
	1203	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: bc_d_d = b * c / d !< constant
	1204
	1205
	1206	IF ( zeta < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1788]	1207	x = SQRT( 1.0_wp - 16.0_wp * zeta )
[1691]	1208	psi_h = 2.0_wp * LOG( (1.0_wp + x ) / 2.0_wp )
	1209	ELSE
	1210	psi_h = - b * ( zeta - c_d_d ) * EXP( -d * zeta ) - (1.0_wp &
	1211	+ 0.66666666666_wp * a * zeta )**1.5_wp - bc_d_d &
	1212	+ 1.0_wp
	1213	!
	1214	!-- Old version for stable conditions (only valid for z/L < 0.5)
	1215	!-- psi_h = - 5.0_wp * zeta
	1216	ENDIF
	1217
	1218	END FUNCTION psi_h
	1219
[1697]	1220	END MODULE surface_layer_fluxes_mod

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