| 1 | SUBROUTINE prandtl_fluxes |
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| 2 | |
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| 3 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 4 | ! This file is part of PALM. |
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| 5 | ! |
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| 6 | ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms |
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| 7 | ! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, |
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| 8 | ! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
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| 9 | ! |
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| 10 | ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY |
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| 11 | ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR |
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| 12 | ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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| 13 | ! |
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| 14 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with |
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| 15 | ! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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| 16 | ! |
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| 17 | ! Copyright 1997-2014 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover |
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| 18 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 19 | ! |
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| 20 | ! Current revisions: |
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| 21 | ! ----------------- |
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| 22 | ! |
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| 23 | ! |
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| 24 | ! Former revisions: |
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| 25 | ! ----------------- |
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| 26 | ! $Id: prandtl_fluxes.f90 1321 2014-03-20 09:40:40Z maronga $ |
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| 27 | ! |
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| 28 | ! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch |
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| 29 | ! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements, |
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| 30 | ! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements, |
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| 31 | ! kinds are defined in new module kinds, |
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| 32 | ! old module precision_kind is removed, |
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| 33 | ! revision history before 2012 removed, |
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| 34 | ! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to |
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| 35 | ! all variable declaration statements |
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| 36 | ! |
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| 37 | ! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze |
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| 38 | ! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars |
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| 39 | ! |
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| 40 | ! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch |
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| 41 | ! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added |
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| 42 | ! |
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| 43 | ! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch |
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| 44 | ! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9) |
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| 45 | ! |
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| 46 | ! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch |
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| 47 | ! OpenACC statements added |
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| 48 | ! |
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| 49 | ! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke |
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| 50 | ! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added |
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| 51 | ! |
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| 52 | ! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch |
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| 53 | ! Initial revision |
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| 54 | ! |
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| 55 | ! |
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| 56 | ! Description: |
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| 57 | ! ------------ |
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| 58 | ! Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the Prandtl layer from the |
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| 59 | ! values of the variables at grid point k=1 |
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| 60 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 61 | |
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| 62 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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| 63 | ONLY: e, pt, q, qs, qsws, rif, shf, ts, u, us, usws, v, vpt, vsws, & |
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| 64 | zu, zw, z0, z0h |
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| 65 | |
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| 66 | USE control_parameters, & |
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| 67 | ONLY: constant_heatflux, constant_waterflux, coupling_mode, g, & |
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| 68 | humidity, ibc_e_b, kappa, large_scale_forcing, lsf_surf, & |
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| 69 | passive_scalar, pt_surface, q_surface, rif_max, rif_min, & |
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| 70 | run_coupled, surface_pressure |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | USE indices, & |
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| 73 | ONLY: nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nysg, nyn, nyng, nzb_s_inner, & |
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| 74 | nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner |
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| 75 | |
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| 76 | USE kinds |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: |
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| 81 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: |
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| 82 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !: |
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| 83 | |
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| 84 | LOGICAL :: coupled_run !: |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | REAL(wp) :: a !: |
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| 87 | REAL(wp) :: b !: |
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| 88 | REAL(wp) :: e_q !: |
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| 89 | REAL(wp) :: rifm !: |
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| 90 | REAL(wp) :: uv_total !: |
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| 91 | REAL(wp) :: z_p !: |
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| 92 | |
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| 93 | ! |
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| 94 | !-- Data information for accelerators |
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| 95 | !$acc data present( e, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_s_inner, pt, q, qs ) & |
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| 96 | !$acc present( qsws, rif, shf, ts, u, us, usws, v, vpt, vsws, zu, zw, z0, z0h ) |
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| 97 | ! |
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| 98 | !-- Compute theta* |
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| 99 | IF ( constant_heatflux ) THEN |
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| 100 | ! |
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| 101 | !-- For a given heat flux in the Prandtl layer: |
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| 102 | !-- for u* use the value from the previous time step |
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| 103 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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| 104 | !$acc kernels loop |
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| 105 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 106 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 107 | ts(j,i) = -shf(j,i) / ( us(j,i) + 1E-30 ) |
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| 108 | ! |
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| 109 | !-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case of |
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| 110 | !-- us=0 when computing rif further below |
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| 111 | IF ( ts(j,i) < -1.05E5 ) ts(j,i) = -1.0E5 |
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| 112 | IF ( ts(j,i) > 1.0E5 ) ts(j,i) = 1.0E5 |
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| 113 | ENDDO |
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| 114 | ENDDO |
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| 115 | |
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| 116 | ELSE |
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| 117 | ! |
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| 118 | !-- For a given surface temperature: |
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| 119 | !-- (the Richardson number is still the one from the previous time step) |
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| 120 | |
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| 121 | IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN |
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| 122 | pt(0,:,:) = pt_surface |
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| 123 | ENDIF |
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| 124 | |
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| 125 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, z_p ) |
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| 126 | !$acc kernels loop |
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| 127 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 128 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 129 | |
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| 130 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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| 131 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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| 132 | |
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| 133 | IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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| 134 | ! |
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| 135 | !-- Stable stratification |
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| 136 | ts(j,i) = kappa * ( pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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| 137 | LOG( z_p / z0h(j,i) ) + & |
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| 138 | 5.0 * rif(j,i) * ( z_p - z0h(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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| 139 | ) |
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| 140 | ELSE |
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| 141 | ! |
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| 142 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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| 143 | a = SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) ) |
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| 144 | b = SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) * z0h(j,i) / z_p ) |
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| 145 | |
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| 146 | ts(j,i) = kappa * ( pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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| 147 | LOG( z_p / z0h(j,i) ) - & |
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| 148 | 2.0 * LOG( ( 1.0 + a ) / ( 1.0 + b ) ) ) |
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| 149 | ENDIF |
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| 150 | |
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| 151 | ENDDO |
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| 152 | ENDDO |
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| 153 | ENDIF |
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| 154 | |
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| 155 | ! |
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| 156 | !-- Compute z_p/L (corresponds to the Richardson-flux number) |
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| 157 | IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN |
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| 158 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_p ) |
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| 159 | !$acc kernels loop |
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| 160 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 161 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 162 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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| 163 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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| 164 | rif(j,i) = z_p * kappa * g * ts(j,i) / & |
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| 165 | ( pt(k+1,j,i) * ( us(j,i)**2 + 1E-30 ) ) |
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| 166 | ! |
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| 167 | !-- Limit the value range of the Richardson numbers. |
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| 168 | !-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 0), because |
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| 169 | !-- the absolute value of rif can then become very large, which in |
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| 170 | !-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very |
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| 171 | !-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic). |
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| 172 | IF ( rif(j,i) < rif_min ) rif(j,i) = rif_min |
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| 173 | IF ( rif(j,i) > rif_max ) rif(j,i) = rif_max |
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| 174 | ENDDO |
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| 175 | ENDDO |
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| 176 | ELSE |
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| 177 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_p ) |
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| 178 | !$acc kernels loop |
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| 179 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 180 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 181 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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| 182 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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| 183 | rif(j,i) = z_p * kappa * g * & |
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| 184 | ( ts(j,i) + 0.61 * pt(k+1,j,i) * qs(j,i) ) / & |
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| 185 | ( vpt(k+1,j,i) * ( us(j,i)**2 + 1E-30 ) ) |
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| 186 | ! |
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| 187 | !-- Limit the value range of the Richardson numbers. |
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| 188 | !-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 0), because |
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| 189 | !-- the absolute value of rif can then become very large, which in |
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| 190 | !-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very |
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| 191 | !-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic). |
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| 192 | IF ( rif(j,i) < rif_min ) rif(j,i) = rif_min |
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| 193 | IF ( rif(j,i) > rif_max ) rif(j,i) = rif_max |
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| 194 | ENDDO |
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| 195 | ENDDO |
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| 196 | ENDIF |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | ! |
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| 199 | !-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points |
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| 200 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, uv_total, z_p ) |
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| 201 | !$acc kernels loop |
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| 202 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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| 203 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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| 204 | |
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| 205 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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| 206 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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| 207 | |
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| 208 | ! |
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| 209 | !-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity |
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| 210 | !-- (relative to the surface) |
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| 211 | uv_total = SQRT( ( 0.5 * ( u(k+1,j,i) + u(k+1,j,i+1) & |
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| 212 | - u(k,j,i) - u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + & |
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| 213 | ( 0.5 * ( v(k+1,j,i) + v(k+1,j+1,i) & |
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| 214 | - v(k,j,i) - v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 ) |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | |
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| 217 | IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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| 218 | ! |
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| 219 | !-- Stable stratification |
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| 220 | us(j,i) = kappa * uv_total / ( & |
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| 221 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) + & |
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| 222 | 5.0 * rif(j,i) * ( z_p - z0(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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| 223 | ) |
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| 224 | ELSE |
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| 225 | ! |
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| 226 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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| 227 | a = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) ) ) |
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| 228 | b = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) / z_p * z0(j,i) ) ) |
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| 229 | |
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| 230 | us(j,i) = kappa * uv_total / ( & |
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| 231 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) - & |
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| 232 | LOG( ( 1.0 + a )**2 * ( 1.0 + a**2 ) / ( & |
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| 233 | ( 1.0 + b )**2 * ( 1.0 + b**2 ) ) ) + & |
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| 234 | 2.0 * ( ATAN( a ) - ATAN( b ) ) & |
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| 235 | ) |
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| 236 | ENDIF |
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| 237 | ENDDO |
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| 238 | ENDDO |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | ! |
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| 241 | !-- Values of us at ghost point locations are needed for the evaluation of usws |
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| 242 | !-- and vsws. |
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| 243 | !$acc update host( us ) |
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| 244 | CALL exchange_horiz_2d( us ) |
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| 245 | !$acc update device( us ) |
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| 246 | |
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| 247 | ! |
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| 248 | !-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain. |
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| 249 | !-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it. |
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| 250 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, rifm, z_p ) |
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| 251 | !$acc kernels loop |
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| 252 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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| 253 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | k = nzb_u_inner(j,i) |
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| 256 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | ! |
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| 259 | !-- Compute Richardson-flux number for this point |
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| 260 | rifm = 0.5 * ( rif(j,i-1) + rif(j,i) ) |
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| 261 | IF ( rifm >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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| 262 | ! |
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| 263 | !-- Stable stratification |
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| 264 | usws(j,i) = kappa * ( u(k+1,j,i) - u(k,j,i) )/ ( & |
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| 265 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) + & |
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| 266 | 5.0 * rifm * ( z_p - z0(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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| 267 | ) |
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| 268 | ELSE |
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| 269 | ! |
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| 270 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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| 271 | a = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rifm ) ) |
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| 272 | b = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rifm / z_p * z0(j,i) ) ) |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | usws(j,i) = kappa * ( u(k+1,j,i) - u(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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| 275 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) - & |
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| 276 | LOG( (1.0 + a )**2 * ( 1.0 + a**2 ) / ( & |
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| 277 | (1.0 + b )**2 * ( 1.0 + b**2 ) ) ) + & |
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| 278 | 2.0 * ( ATAN( a ) - ATAN( b ) ) & |
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| 279 | ) |
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| 280 | ENDIF |
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| 281 | usws(j,i) = -usws(j,i) * 0.5 * ( us(j,i-1) + us(j,i) ) |
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| 282 | ENDDO |
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| 283 | ENDDO |
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| 284 | |
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| 285 | ! |
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| 286 | !-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain. |
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| 287 | !-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it. |
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| 288 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, rifm, z_p ) |
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| 289 | !$acc kernels loop |
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| 290 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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| 291 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | k = nzb_v_inner(j,i) |
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| 294 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | ! |
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| 297 | !-- Compute Richardson-flux number for this point |
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| 298 | rifm = 0.5 * ( rif(j-1,i) + rif(j,i) ) |
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| 299 | IF ( rifm >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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| 300 | ! |
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| 301 | !-- Stable stratification |
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| 302 | vsws(j,i) = kappa * ( v(k+1,j,i) - v(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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| 303 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) + & |
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| 304 | 5.0 * rifm * ( z_p - z0(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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| 305 | ) |
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| 306 | ELSE |
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| 307 | ! |
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| 308 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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| 309 | a = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rifm ) ) |
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| 310 | b = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rifm / z_p * z0(j,i) ) ) |
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| 311 | |
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| 312 | vsws(j,i) = kappa * ( v(k+1,j,i) - v(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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| 313 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) - & |
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| 314 | LOG( (1.0 + a )**2 * ( 1.0 + a**2 ) / ( & |
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| 315 | (1.0 + b )**2 * ( 1.0 + b**2 ) ) ) + & |
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| 316 | 2.0 * ( ATAN( a ) - ATAN( b ) ) & |
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| 317 | ) |
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| 318 | ENDIF |
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| 319 | vsws(j,i) = -vsws(j,i) * 0.5 * ( us(j-1,i) + us(j,i) ) |
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| 320 | ENDDO |
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| 321 | ENDDO |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | ! |
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| 324 | !-- If required compute q* |
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| 325 | IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN |
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| 326 | IF ( constant_waterflux ) THEN |
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| 327 | ! |
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| 328 | !-- For a given water flux in the Prandtl layer: |
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| 329 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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| 330 | !$acc kernels loop |
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| 331 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 332 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 333 | qs(j,i) = -qsws(j,i) / ( us(j,i) + 1E-30 ) |
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| 334 | ENDDO |
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| 335 | ENDDO |
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| 336 | |
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| 337 | ELSE |
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| 338 | coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. run_coupled ) |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN |
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| 341 | q(0,:,:) = q_surface |
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| 342 | ENDIF |
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| 343 | |
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| 344 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, z_p ) |
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| 345 | !$acc kernels loop independent |
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| 346 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 347 | !$acc loop independent |
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| 348 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 349 | |
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| 350 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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| 351 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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| 352 | |
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| 353 | ! |
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| 354 | !-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not |
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| 355 | !-- in case of precursor runs) |
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| 356 | IF ( coupled_run ) THEN |
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| 357 | e_q = 6.1 * & |
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| 358 | EXP( 0.07 * ( MIN(pt(0,j,i),pt(1,j,i)) - 273.15 ) ) |
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| 359 | q(k,j,i) = 0.622 * e_q / ( surface_pressure - e_q ) |
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| 360 | ENDIF |
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| 361 | IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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| 362 | ! |
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| 363 | !-- Stable stratification |
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| 364 | qs(j,i) = kappa * ( q(k+1,j,i) - q(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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| 365 | LOG( z_p / z0h(j,i) ) + & |
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| 366 | 5.0 * rif(j,i) * ( z_p - z0h(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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| 367 | ) |
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| 368 | ELSE |
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| 369 | ! |
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| 370 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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| 371 | a = SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) ) |
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| 372 | b = SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) * z0h(j,i) / z_p ) |
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| 373 | |
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| 374 | qs(j,i) = kappa * ( q(k+1,j,i) - q(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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| 375 | LOG( z_p / z0h(j,i) ) - & |
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| 376 | 2.0 * LOG( (1.0 + a ) / ( 1.0 + b ) ) ) |
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| 377 | ENDIF |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | ENDDO |
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| 380 | ENDDO |
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| 381 | ENDIF |
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| 382 | ENDIF |
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| 383 | |
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| 384 | ! |
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| 385 | !-- Exchange the boundaries for the momentum fluxes (only for sake of |
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| 386 | !-- completeness) |
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| 387 | !$acc update host( usws, vsws ) |
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| 388 | CALL exchange_horiz_2d( usws ) |
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| 389 | CALL exchange_horiz_2d( vsws ) |
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| 390 | !$acc update device( usws, vsws ) |
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| 391 | IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN |
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| 392 | !$acc update host( qsws ) |
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| 393 | CALL exchange_horiz_2d( qsws ) |
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| 394 | !$acc update device( qsws ) |
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| 395 | ENDIF |
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| 396 | |
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| 397 | ! |
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| 398 | !-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux |
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| 399 | IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux ) THEN |
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| 400 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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| 401 | !$acc kernels loop independent |
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| 402 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 403 | !$acc loop independent |
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| 404 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 405 | shf(j,i) = -ts(j,i) * us(j,i) |
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| 406 | ENDDO |
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| 407 | ENDDO |
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| 408 | ENDIF |
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| 409 | |
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| 410 | ! |
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| 411 | !-- Compute the vertical water/scalar flux |
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| 412 | IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) ) THEN |
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| 413 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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| 414 | !$acc kernels loop independent |
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| 415 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 416 | !$acc loop independent |
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| 417 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 418 | qsws(j,i) = -qs(j,i) * us(j,i) |
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| 419 | ENDDO |
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| 420 | ENDDO |
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| 421 | ENDIF |
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| 422 | |
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| 423 | ! |
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| 424 | !-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE |
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| 425 | IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN |
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| 426 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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| 427 | !$acc kernels loop independent |
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| 428 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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| 429 | !$acc loop independent |
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| 430 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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| 431 | e(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.1 )**2 |
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| 432 | ! |
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| 433 | !-- As a test: cm = 0.4 |
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| 434 | ! e(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4 )**2 |
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| 435 | e(nzb_s_inner(j,i),j,i) = e(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) |
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| 436 | ENDDO |
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| 437 | ENDDO |
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| 438 | ENDIF |
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| 439 | |
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| 440 | !$acc end data |
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| 441 | |
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| 442 | END SUBROUTINE prandtl_fluxes |
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