1 | SUBROUTINE prandtl_fluxes |
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2 | |
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3 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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4 | ! This file is part of PALM. |
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5 | ! |
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6 | ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms |
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7 | ! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, |
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8 | ! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
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9 | ! |
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10 | ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY |
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11 | ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR |
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12 | ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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13 | ! |
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14 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with |
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15 | ! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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16 | ! |
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17 | ! Copyright 1997-2012 Leibniz University Hannover |
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18 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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19 | ! |
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20 | ! Current revisions: |
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21 | ! ----------------- |
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22 | ! |
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23 | ! |
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24 | ! Former revisions: |
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25 | ! ----------------- |
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26 | ! $Id: prandtl_fluxes.f90 1258 2013-11-08 16:09:09Z raasch $ |
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27 | ! |
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28 | ! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch |
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29 | ! openACC "kernels do" replaced by "kernels loop", "loop independent" added |
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30 | ! |
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31 | ! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch |
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32 | ! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9) |
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33 | ! |
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34 | ! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch |
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35 | ! OpenACC statements added |
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36 | ! |
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37 | ! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke |
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38 | ! roughness length for scalar quantities z0h added |
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39 | ! |
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40 | ! 759 2011-09-15 13:58:31Z raasch |
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41 | ! Bugfix for ts limitation |
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42 | ! |
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43 | ! 709 2011-03-30 09:31:40Z raasch |
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44 | ! formatting adjustments |
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45 | ! |
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46 | ! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka |
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47 | ! Changed surface boundary conditions for u and v from mirror to Dirichlet. |
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48 | ! Therefore u(uzb,:,:) and v(nzb,:,:) are now representative for height z0. |
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49 | ! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng |
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50 | ! |
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51 | ! 315 2009-05-13 10:57:59Z raasch |
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52 | ! Saturation condition at (sea) surface is not used in precursor runs (only |
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53 | ! in the following coupled runs) |
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54 | ! Bugfix: qsws was calculated in case of constant heatflux = .FALSE. |
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55 | ! |
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56 | ! 187 2008-08-06 16:25:09Z letzel |
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57 | ! Bugfix: modification of the calculation of the vertical turbulent momentum |
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58 | ! fluxes u'w' and v'w' |
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59 | ! Bugfix: change definition of us_wall from 1D to 2D |
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60 | ! Change: modification of the integrated version of the profile function for |
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61 | ! momentum for unstable stratification (does not effect results) |
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62 | ! |
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63 | ! 108 2007-08-24 15:10:38Z letzel |
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64 | ! assume saturation at k=nzb_s_inner(j,i) for atmosphere coupled to ocean |
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65 | ! |
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66 | ! 75 2007-03-22 09:54:05Z raasch |
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67 | ! moisture renamed humidity |
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68 | ! |
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69 | ! RCS Log replace by Id keyword, revision history cleaned up |
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70 | ! |
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71 | ! Revision 1.19 2006/04/26 12:24:35 raasch |
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72 | ! +OpenMP directives and optimization (array assignments replaced by DO loops) |
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73 | ! |
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74 | ! Revision 1.1 1998/01/23 10:06:06 raasch |
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75 | ! Initial revision |
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76 | ! |
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77 | ! |
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78 | ! Description: |
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79 | ! ------------ |
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80 | ! Diagnostic computation of vertical fluxes in the Prandtl layer from the |
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81 | ! values of the variables at grid point k=1 |
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82 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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83 | |
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84 | USE arrays_3d |
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85 | USE control_parameters |
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86 | USE grid_variables |
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87 | USE indices |
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88 | |
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89 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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90 | |
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91 | INTEGER :: i, j, k |
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92 | LOGICAL :: coupled_run |
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93 | REAL :: a, b, e_q, rifm, uv_total, z_p |
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94 | |
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95 | ! |
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96 | !-- Data information for accelerators |
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97 | !$acc data present( e, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_s_inner, pt, q, qs ) & |
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98 | !$acc present( qsws, rif, shf, ts, u, us, usws, v, vpt, vsws, zu, zw, z0, z0h ) |
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99 | ! |
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100 | !-- Compute theta* |
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101 | IF ( constant_heatflux ) THEN |
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102 | ! |
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103 | !-- For a given heat flux in the Prandtl layer: |
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104 | !-- for u* use the value from the previous time step |
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105 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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106 | !$acc kernels loop |
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107 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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108 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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109 | ts(j,i) = -shf(j,i) / ( us(j,i) + 1E-30 ) |
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110 | ! |
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111 | !-- ts must be limited, because otherwise overflow may occur in case of |
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112 | !-- us=0 when computing rif further below |
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113 | IF ( ts(j,i) < -1.05E5 ) ts(j,i) = -1.0E5 |
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114 | IF ( ts(j,i) > 1.0E5 ) ts(j,i) = 1.0E5 |
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115 | ENDDO |
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116 | ENDDO |
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117 | |
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118 | ELSE |
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119 | ! |
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120 | !-- For a given surface temperature: |
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121 | !-- (the Richardson number is still the one from the previous time step) |
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122 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, z_p ) |
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123 | !$acc kernels loop |
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124 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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125 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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126 | |
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127 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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128 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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129 | |
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130 | IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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131 | ! |
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132 | !-- Stable stratification |
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133 | ts(j,i) = kappa * ( pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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134 | LOG( z_p / z0h(j,i) ) + & |
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135 | 5.0 * rif(j,i) * ( z_p - z0h(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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136 | ) |
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137 | ELSE |
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138 | ! |
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139 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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140 | a = SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) ) |
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141 | b = SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) * z0h(j,i) / z_p ) |
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142 | |
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143 | ts(j,i) = kappa * ( pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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144 | LOG( z_p / z0h(j,i) ) - & |
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145 | 2.0 * LOG( ( 1.0 + a ) / ( 1.0 + b ) ) ) |
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146 | ENDIF |
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147 | |
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148 | ENDDO |
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149 | ENDDO |
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150 | ENDIF |
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151 | |
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152 | ! |
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153 | !-- Compute z_p/L (corresponds to the Richardson-flux number) |
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154 | IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN |
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155 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_p ) |
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156 | !$acc kernels loop |
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157 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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158 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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159 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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160 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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161 | rif(j,i) = z_p * kappa * g * ts(j,i) / & |
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162 | ( pt(k+1,j,i) * ( us(j,i)**2 + 1E-30 ) ) |
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163 | ! |
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164 | !-- Limit the value range of the Richardson numbers. |
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165 | !-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 0), because |
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166 | !-- the absolute value of rif can then become very large, which in |
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167 | !-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very |
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168 | !-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic). |
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169 | IF ( rif(j,i) < rif_min ) rif(j,i) = rif_min |
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170 | IF ( rif(j,i) > rif_max ) rif(j,i) = rif_max |
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171 | ENDDO |
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172 | ENDDO |
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173 | ELSE |
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174 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( k, z_p ) |
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175 | !$acc kernels loop |
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176 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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177 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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178 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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179 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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180 | rif(j,i) = z_p * kappa * g * & |
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181 | ( ts(j,i) + 0.61 * pt(k+1,j,i) * qs(j,i) ) / & |
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182 | ( vpt(k+1,j,i) * ( us(j,i)**2 + 1E-30 ) ) |
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183 | ! |
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184 | !-- Limit the value range of the Richardson numbers. |
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185 | !-- This is necessary for very small velocities (u,v --> 0), because |
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186 | !-- the absolute value of rif can then become very large, which in |
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187 | !-- consequence would result in very large shear stresses and very |
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188 | !-- small momentum fluxes (both are generally unrealistic). |
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189 | IF ( rif(j,i) < rif_min ) rif(j,i) = rif_min |
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190 | IF ( rif(j,i) > rif_max ) rif(j,i) = rif_max |
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191 | ENDDO |
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192 | ENDDO |
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193 | ENDIF |
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194 | |
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195 | ! |
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196 | !-- Compute u* at the scalars' grid points |
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197 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, uv_total, z_p ) |
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198 | !$acc kernels loop |
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199 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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200 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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201 | |
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202 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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203 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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204 | |
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205 | ! |
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206 | !-- Compute the absolute value of the horizontal velocity |
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207 | !-- (relative to the surface) |
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208 | uv_total = SQRT( ( 0.5 * ( u(k+1,j,i) + u(k+1,j,i+1) & |
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209 | - u(k,j,i) - u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + & |
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210 | ( 0.5 * ( v(k+1,j,i) + v(k+1,j+1,i) & |
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211 | - v(k,j,i) - v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 ) |
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212 | |
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213 | |
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214 | IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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215 | ! |
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216 | !-- Stable stratification |
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217 | us(j,i) = kappa * uv_total / ( & |
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218 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) + & |
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219 | 5.0 * rif(j,i) * ( z_p - z0(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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220 | ) |
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221 | ELSE |
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222 | ! |
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223 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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224 | a = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) ) ) |
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225 | b = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) / z_p * z0(j,i) ) ) |
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226 | |
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227 | us(j,i) = kappa * uv_total / ( & |
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228 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) - & |
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229 | LOG( ( 1.0 + a )**2 * ( 1.0 + a**2 ) / ( & |
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230 | ( 1.0 + b )**2 * ( 1.0 + b**2 ) ) ) + & |
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231 | 2.0 * ( ATAN( a ) - ATAN( b ) ) & |
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232 | ) |
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233 | ENDIF |
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234 | ENDDO |
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235 | ENDDO |
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236 | |
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237 | ! |
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238 | !-- Values of us at ghost point locations are needed for the evaluation of usws |
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239 | !-- and vsws. |
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240 | !$acc update host( us ) |
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241 | CALL exchange_horiz_2d( us ) |
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242 | !$acc update device( us ) |
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243 | |
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244 | ! |
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245 | !-- Compute u'w' for the total model domain. |
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246 | !-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it. |
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247 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, rifm, z_p ) |
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248 | !$acc kernels loop |
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249 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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250 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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251 | |
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252 | k = nzb_u_inner(j,i) |
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253 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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254 | |
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255 | ! |
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256 | !-- Compute Richardson-flux number for this point |
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257 | rifm = 0.5 * ( rif(j,i-1) + rif(j,i) ) |
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258 | IF ( rifm >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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259 | ! |
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260 | !-- Stable stratification |
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261 | usws(j,i) = kappa * ( u(k+1,j,i) - u(k,j,i) )/ ( & |
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262 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) + & |
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263 | 5.0 * rifm * ( z_p - z0(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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264 | ) |
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265 | ELSE |
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266 | ! |
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267 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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268 | a = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rifm ) ) |
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269 | b = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rifm / z_p * z0(j,i) ) ) |
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270 | |
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271 | usws(j,i) = kappa * ( u(k+1,j,i) - u(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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272 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) - & |
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273 | LOG( (1.0 + a )**2 * ( 1.0 + a**2 ) / ( & |
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274 | (1.0 + b )**2 * ( 1.0 + b**2 ) ) ) + & |
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275 | 2.0 * ( ATAN( a ) - ATAN( b ) ) & |
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276 | ) |
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277 | ENDIF |
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278 | usws(j,i) = -usws(j,i) * 0.5 * ( us(j,i-1) + us(j,i) ) |
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279 | ENDDO |
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280 | ENDDO |
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281 | |
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282 | ! |
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283 | !-- Compute v'w' for the total model domain. |
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284 | !-- First compute the corresponding component of u* and square it. |
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285 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, rifm, z_p ) |
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286 | !$acc kernels loop |
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287 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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288 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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289 | |
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290 | k = nzb_v_inner(j,i) |
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291 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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292 | |
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293 | ! |
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294 | !-- Compute Richardson-flux number for this point |
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295 | rifm = 0.5 * ( rif(j-1,i) + rif(j,i) ) |
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296 | IF ( rifm >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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297 | ! |
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298 | !-- Stable stratification |
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299 | vsws(j,i) = kappa * ( v(k+1,j,i) - v(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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300 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) + & |
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301 | 5.0 * rifm * ( z_p - z0(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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302 | ) |
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303 | ELSE |
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304 | ! |
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305 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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306 | a = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rifm ) ) |
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307 | b = SQRT( SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rifm / z_p * z0(j,i) ) ) |
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308 | |
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309 | vsws(j,i) = kappa * ( v(k+1,j,i) - v(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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310 | LOG( z_p / z0(j,i) ) - & |
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311 | LOG( (1.0 + a )**2 * ( 1.0 + a**2 ) / ( & |
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312 | (1.0 + b )**2 * ( 1.0 + b**2 ) ) ) + & |
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313 | 2.0 * ( ATAN( a ) - ATAN( b ) ) & |
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314 | ) |
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315 | ENDIF |
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316 | vsws(j,i) = -vsws(j,i) * 0.5 * ( us(j-1,i) + us(j,i) ) |
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317 | ENDDO |
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318 | ENDDO |
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319 | |
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320 | ! |
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321 | !-- If required compute q* |
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322 | IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN |
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323 | IF ( constant_waterflux ) THEN |
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324 | ! |
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325 | !-- For a given water flux in the Prandtl layer: |
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326 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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327 | !$acc kernels loop |
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328 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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329 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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330 | qs(j,i) = -qsws(j,i) / ( us(j,i) + 1E-30 ) |
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331 | ENDDO |
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332 | ENDDO |
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333 | |
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334 | ELSE |
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335 | coupled_run = ( coupling_mode == 'atmosphere_to_ocean' .AND. run_coupled ) |
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336 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( a, b, k, z_p ) |
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337 | !$acc kernels loop independent |
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338 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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339 | !$acc loop independent |
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340 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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341 | |
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342 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
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343 | z_p = zu(k+1) - zw(k) |
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344 | |
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345 | ! |
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346 | !-- Assume saturation for atmosphere coupled to ocean (but not |
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347 | !-- in case of precursor runs) |
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348 | IF ( coupled_run ) THEN |
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349 | e_q = 6.1 * & |
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350 | EXP( 0.07 * ( MIN(pt(0,j,i),pt(1,j,i)) - 273.15 ) ) |
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351 | q(k,j,i) = 0.622 * e_q / ( surface_pressure - e_q ) |
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352 | ENDIF |
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353 | IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0 ) THEN |
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354 | ! |
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355 | !-- Stable stratification |
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356 | qs(j,i) = kappa * ( q(k+1,j,i) - q(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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357 | LOG( z_p / z0h(j,i) ) + & |
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358 | 5.0 * rif(j,i) * ( z_p - z0h(j,i) ) / z_p & |
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359 | ) |
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360 | ELSE |
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361 | ! |
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362 | !-- Unstable stratification |
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363 | a = SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) ) |
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364 | b = SQRT( 1.0 - 16.0 * rif(j,i) * z0h(j,i) / z_p ) |
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365 | |
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366 | qs(j,i) = kappa * ( q(k+1,j,i) - q(k,j,i) ) / ( & |
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367 | LOG( z_p / z0h(j,i) ) - & |
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368 | 2.0 * LOG( (1.0 + a ) / ( 1.0 + b ) ) ) |
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369 | ENDIF |
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370 | |
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371 | ENDDO |
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372 | ENDDO |
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373 | ENDIF |
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374 | ENDIF |
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375 | |
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376 | ! |
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377 | !-- Exchange the boundaries for the momentum fluxes (only for sake of |
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378 | !-- completeness) |
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379 | !$acc update host( usws, vsws ) |
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380 | CALL exchange_horiz_2d( usws ) |
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381 | CALL exchange_horiz_2d( vsws ) |
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382 | !$acc update device( usws, vsws ) |
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383 | IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN |
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384 | !$acc update host( qsws ) |
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385 | CALL exchange_horiz_2d( qsws ) |
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386 | !$acc update device( qsws ) |
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387 | ENDIF |
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388 | |
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389 | ! |
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390 | !-- Compute the vertical kinematic heat flux |
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391 | IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux ) THEN |
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392 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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393 | !$acc kernels loop independent |
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394 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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395 | !$acc loop independent |
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396 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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397 | shf(j,i) = -ts(j,i) * us(j,i) |
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398 | ENDDO |
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399 | ENDDO |
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400 | ENDIF |
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401 | |
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402 | ! |
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403 | !-- Compute the vertical water/scalar flux |
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404 | IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux .AND. ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) ) THEN |
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405 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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406 | !$acc kernels loop independent |
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407 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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408 | !$acc loop independent |
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409 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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410 | qsws(j,i) = -qs(j,i) * us(j,i) |
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411 | ENDDO |
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412 | ENDDO |
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413 | ENDIF |
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414 | |
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415 | ! |
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416 | !-- Bottom boundary condition for the TKE |
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417 | IF ( ibc_e_b == 2 ) THEN |
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418 | !$OMP PARALLEL DO |
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419 | !$acc kernels loop independent |
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420 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
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421 | !$acc loop independent |
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422 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
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423 | e(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.1 )**2 |
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424 | ! |
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425 | !-- As a test: cm = 0.4 |
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426 | ! e(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = ( us(j,i) / 0.4 )**2 |
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427 | e(nzb_s_inner(j,i),j,i) = e(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) |
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428 | ENDDO |
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429 | ENDDO |
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430 | ENDIF |
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431 | |
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432 | !$acc end data |
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433 | |
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434 | END SUBROUTINE prandtl_fluxes |
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