1 | !> @file microphysics.f90 |
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2 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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3 | ! This file is part of PALM. |
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4 | ! |
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5 | ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms |
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6 | ! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, |
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7 | ! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
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8 | ! |
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9 | ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY |
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10 | ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR |
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11 | ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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12 | ! |
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13 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with |
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14 | ! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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15 | ! |
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16 | ! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover |
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17 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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18 | ! |
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19 | ! Current revisions: |
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20 | ! ------------------ |
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21 | ! turbulence renamed collision_turbulence, |
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22 | ! drizzle renamed cloud_water_sedimentation. cloud_water_sedimentation also |
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23 | ! avaialble for microphysics_kessler. |
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24 | ! |
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25 | ! Former revisions: |
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26 | ! ----------------- |
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27 | ! $Id: microphysics.f90 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann $ |
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28 | ! |
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29 | ! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann |
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30 | ! Unused variables removed. |
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31 | ! Kessler scheme integrated. |
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32 | ! |
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33 | ! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga |
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34 | ! Added new routine calc_precipitation_amount. The routine now allows to account |
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35 | ! for precipitation due to sedimenation of cloud (fog) droplets |
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36 | ! |
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37 | ! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop |
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38 | ! Code annotations made doxygen readable |
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39 | ! |
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40 | ! 1646 2015-09-02 16:00:10Z hoffmann |
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41 | ! Bugfix: Wrong computation of d_mean. |
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42 | ! |
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43 | ! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann |
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44 | ! Bugfix in sedimentation_rain: Index corrected. |
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45 | ! Vectorized version of adjust_cloud added. |
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46 | ! Little reformatting of the code. |
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47 | ! |
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48 | ! 1353 2014-04-08 15:21:23Z heinze |
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49 | ! REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute |
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50 | ! |
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51 | ! 1346 2014-03-27 13:18:20Z heinze |
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52 | ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute especially in call of |
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53 | ! intrinsic function like MAX, MIN, SIGN |
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54 | ! |
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55 | ! 1334 2014-03-25 12:21:40Z heinze |
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56 | ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute |
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57 | ! |
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58 | ! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch |
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59 | ! REAL constants defined as wp-kind |
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60 | ! |
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61 | ! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch |
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62 | ! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements, |
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63 | ! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements, |
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64 | ! kinds are defined in new module kinds, |
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65 | ! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to |
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66 | ! all variable declaration statements |
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67 | ! |
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68 | ! 1241 2013-10-30 11:36:58Z heinze |
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69 | ! hyp and rho have to be calculated at each time step if data from external |
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70 | ! file LSF_DATA are used |
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71 | ! |
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72 | ! 1115 2013-03-26 18:16:16Z hoffmann |
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73 | ! microphyical tendencies are calculated in microphysics_control in an optimized |
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74 | ! way; unrealistic values are prevented; bugfix in evaporation; some reformatting |
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75 | ! |
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76 | ! 1106 2013-03-04 05:31:38Z raasch |
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77 | ! small changes in code formatting |
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78 | ! |
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79 | ! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch |
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80 | ! unused variables removed |
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81 | ! file put under GPL |
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82 | ! |
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83 | ! 1065 2012-11-22 17:42:36Z hoffmann |
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84 | ! Sedimentation process implemented according to Stevens and Seifert (2008). |
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85 | ! Turbulence effects on autoconversion and accretion added (Seifert, Nuijens |
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86 | ! and Stevens, 2010). |
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87 | ! |
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88 | ! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann |
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89 | ! initial revision |
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90 | ! |
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91 | ! Description: |
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92 | ! ------------ |
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93 | !> Calculate cloud microphysics according to the two moment bulk |
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94 | !> scheme by Seifert and Beheng (2006). |
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95 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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96 | MODULE microphysics_mod |
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97 | |
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98 | |
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99 | PRIVATE |
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100 | PUBLIC microphysics_control |
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101 | |
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102 | INTERFACE microphysics_control |
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103 | MODULE PROCEDURE microphysics_control |
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104 | MODULE PROCEDURE microphysics_control_ij |
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105 | END INTERFACE microphysics_control |
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106 | |
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107 | INTERFACE adjust_cloud |
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108 | MODULE PROCEDURE adjust_cloud |
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109 | MODULE PROCEDURE adjust_cloud_ij |
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110 | END INTERFACE adjust_cloud |
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111 | |
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112 | INTERFACE autoconversion |
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113 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion |
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114 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_ij |
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115 | END INTERFACE autoconversion |
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116 | |
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117 | INTERFACE autoconversion_kessler |
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118 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_kessler |
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119 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_kessler_ij |
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120 | END INTERFACE autoconversion_kessler |
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121 | |
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122 | INTERFACE accretion |
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123 | MODULE PROCEDURE accretion |
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124 | MODULE PROCEDURE accretion_ij |
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125 | END INTERFACE accretion |
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126 | |
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127 | INTERFACE selfcollection_breakup |
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128 | MODULE PROCEDURE selfcollection_breakup |
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129 | MODULE PROCEDURE selfcollection_breakup_ij |
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130 | END INTERFACE selfcollection_breakup |
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131 | |
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132 | INTERFACE evaporation_rain |
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133 | MODULE PROCEDURE evaporation_rain |
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134 | MODULE PROCEDURE evaporation_rain_ij |
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135 | END INTERFACE evaporation_rain |
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136 | |
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137 | INTERFACE sedimentation_cloud |
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138 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_cloud |
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139 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_cloud_ij |
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140 | END INTERFACE sedimentation_cloud |
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141 | |
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142 | INTERFACE sedimentation_rain |
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143 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_rain |
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144 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_rain_ij |
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145 | END INTERFACE sedimentation_rain |
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146 | |
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147 | INTERFACE calc_precipitation_amount |
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148 | MODULE PROCEDURE calc_precipitation_amount |
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149 | MODULE PROCEDURE calc_precipitation_amount_ij |
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150 | END INTERFACE calc_precipitation_amount |
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151 | |
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152 | |
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153 | CONTAINS |
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154 | |
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155 | |
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156 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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157 | ! Description: |
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158 | ! ------------ |
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159 | !> Call for all grid points |
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160 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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161 | SUBROUTINE microphysics_control |
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162 | |
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163 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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164 | ONLY: hyp, pt_init, zu |
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165 | |
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166 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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167 | ONLY: cloud_water_sedimentation, cp, hyrho, prr, pt_d_t, r_d, t_d_pt |
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168 | |
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169 | USE control_parameters, & |
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170 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_3d, dt_micro, & |
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171 | g, intermediate_timestep_count, large_scale_forcing, & |
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172 | lsf_surf, microphysics_kessler, microphysics_seifert, & |
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173 | pt_surface, rho_surface,surface_pressure |
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174 | |
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175 | USE indices, & |
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176 | ONLY: nzb, nzt |
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177 | |
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178 | USE kinds |
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179 | |
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180 | USE statistics, & |
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181 | ONLY: weight_pres |
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182 | |
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183 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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184 | |
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185 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
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186 | |
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187 | REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< |
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188 | |
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189 | IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN |
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190 | ! |
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191 | !-- Calculate: |
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192 | !-- pt / t : ratio of potential and actual temperature (pt_d_t) |
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193 | !-- t / pt : ratio of actual and potential temperature (t_d_pt) |
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194 | !-- p_0(z) : vertical profile of the hydrostatic pressure (hyp) |
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195 | t_surface = pt_surface * ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
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196 | DO k = nzb, nzt+1 |
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197 | hyp(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * & |
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198 | ( ( t_surface - g / cp * zu(k) ) / & |
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199 | t_surface )**(1.0_wp / 0.286_wp) |
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200 | pt_d_t(k) = ( 100000.0_wp / hyp(k) )**0.286_wp |
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201 | t_d_pt(k) = 1.0_wp / pt_d_t(k) |
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202 | hyrho(k) = hyp(k) / ( r_d * t_d_pt(k) * pt_init(k) ) |
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203 | ENDDO |
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204 | |
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205 | ! |
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206 | !-- Compute reference density |
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207 | rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * t_surface ) |
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208 | ENDIF |
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209 | |
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210 | ! |
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211 | !-- Compute length of time step |
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212 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
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213 | dt_micro = dt_3d * weight_pres(intermediate_timestep_count) |
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214 | ELSE |
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215 | dt_micro = dt_3d |
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216 | ENDIF |
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217 | |
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218 | ! |
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219 | !-- Reset precipitation rate |
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220 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) prr = 0.0_wp |
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221 | |
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222 | ! |
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223 | !-- Compute cloud physics |
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224 | IF ( microphysics_kessler ) THEN |
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225 | |
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226 | CALL autoconversion_kessler |
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227 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud |
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228 | |
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229 | ELSEIF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
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230 | |
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231 | CALL adjust_cloud |
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232 | CALL autoconversion |
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233 | CALL accretion |
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234 | CALL selfcollection_breakup |
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235 | CALL evaporation_rain |
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236 | CALL sedimentation_rain |
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237 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud |
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238 | |
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239 | ENDIF |
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240 | |
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241 | CALL calc_precipitation_amount |
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242 | |
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243 | END SUBROUTINE microphysics_control |
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244 | |
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245 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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246 | ! Description: |
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247 | ! ------------ |
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248 | !> Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in sedimentation and |
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249 | !> evaporation of rain drops due to too small or too big weights |
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250 | !> of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
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251 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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252 | SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud |
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253 | |
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254 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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255 | ONLY: qr, nr |
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256 | |
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257 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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258 | ONLY: eps_sb, xrmin, xrmax, hyrho |
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259 | |
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260 | USE cpulog, & |
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261 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
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262 | |
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263 | USE indices, & |
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264 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
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265 | |
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266 | USE kinds |
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267 | |
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268 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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269 | |
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270 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
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271 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
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272 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
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273 | |
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274 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(54), 'adjust_cloud', 'start' ) |
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275 | |
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276 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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277 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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278 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
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279 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
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280 | qr(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
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281 | nr(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
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282 | ELSE |
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283 | IF ( nr(k,j,i) * xrmin > qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
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284 | nr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xrmin |
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285 | ELSEIF ( nr(k,j,i) * xrmax < qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
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286 | nr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xrmax |
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287 | ENDIF |
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288 | ENDIF |
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289 | ENDDO |
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290 | ENDDO |
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291 | ENDDO |
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292 | |
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293 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(54), 'adjust_cloud', 'stop' ) |
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294 | |
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295 | END SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud |
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296 | |
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297 | |
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298 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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299 | ! Description: |
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300 | ! ------------ |
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301 | !> Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). |
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302 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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303 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion |
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304 | |
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305 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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306 | ONLY: diss, dzu, nr, qc, qr |
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307 | |
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308 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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309 | ONLY: a_1, a_2, a_3, b_1, b_2, b_3, beta_cc, c_1, c_2, c_3, & |
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310 | c_const, collision_turbulence, dpirho_l, eps_sb, hyrho, & |
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311 | k_cc, kin_vis_air, nc_const, x0 |
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312 | |
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313 | USE control_parameters, & |
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314 | ONLY: dt_micro, rho_surface |
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315 | |
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316 | USE cpulog, & |
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317 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
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318 | |
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319 | USE grid_variables, & |
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320 | ONLY: dx, dy |
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321 | |
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322 | USE indices, & |
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323 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
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324 | |
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325 | USE kinds |
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326 | |
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327 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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328 | |
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329 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
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330 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
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331 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
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332 | |
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333 | REAL(wp) :: alpha_cc !< |
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334 | REAL(wp) :: autocon !< |
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335 | REAL(wp) :: dissipation !< |
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336 | REAL(wp) :: k_au !< |
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337 | REAL(wp) :: l_mix !< |
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338 | REAL(wp) :: nu_c !< |
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339 | REAL(wp) :: phi_au !< |
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340 | REAL(wp) :: r_cc !< |
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341 | REAL(wp) :: rc !< |
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342 | REAL(wp) :: re_lambda !< |
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343 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_cc !< |
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344 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
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345 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
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346 | |
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347 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(55), 'autoconversion', 'start' ) |
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348 | |
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349 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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350 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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351 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
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352 | |
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353 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
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354 | |
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355 | k_au = k_cc / ( 20.0_wp * x0 ) |
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356 | ! |
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357 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
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358 | !-- (1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) )) |
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359 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qr(k,j,i) + qc(k,j,i) ) |
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360 | ! |
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361 | !-- Universal function for autoconversion process |
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362 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
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363 | phi_au = 600.0_wp * tau_cloud**0.68_wp * & |
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364 | ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud**0.68_wp )**3 |
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365 | ! |
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366 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Geoffroy et al., 2010): |
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367 | !-- (Use constant nu_c = 1.0_wp instead?) |
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368 | nu_c = 1.0_wp !MAX( 0.0_wp, 1580.0_wp * hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) - 0.28_wp ) |
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369 | ! |
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370 | !-- Mean weight of cloud droplets: |
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371 | xc = hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) / nc_const |
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372 | ! |
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373 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
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374 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010) |
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375 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
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376 | ! |
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377 | !-- Weight averaged radius of cloud droplets: |
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378 | rc = 0.5_wp * ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
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379 | |
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380 | alpha_cc = ( a_1 + a_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + a_3 * nu_c ) |
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381 | r_cc = ( b_1 + b_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + b_3 * nu_c ) |
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382 | sigma_cc = ( c_1 + c_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + c_3 * nu_c ) |
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383 | ! |
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384 | !-- Mixing length (neglecting distance to ground and |
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385 | !-- stratification) |
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386 | l_mix = ( dx * dy * dzu(k) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
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387 | ! |
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388 | !-- Limit dissipation rate according to Seifert, Nuijens and |
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389 | !-- Stevens (2010) |
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390 | dissipation = MIN( 0.06_wp, diss(k,j,i) ) |
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391 | ! |
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392 | !-- Compute Taylor-microscale Reynolds number: |
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393 | re_lambda = 6.0_wp / 11.0_wp * & |
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394 | ( l_mix / c_const )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
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395 | SQRT( 15.0_wp / kin_vis_air ) * & |
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396 | dissipation**( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) |
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397 | ! |
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398 | !-- The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to convert the dissipation |
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399 | !-- rate from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
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400 | k_au = k_au * ( 1.0_wp + & |
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401 | dissipation * 1.0E4_wp * & |
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402 | ( re_lambda * 1.0E-3_wp )**0.25_wp * & |
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403 | ( alpha_cc * EXP( -1.0_wp * ( ( rc - & |
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404 | r_cc ) / & |
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405 | sigma_cc )**2 & |
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406 | ) + beta_cc & |
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407 | ) & |
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408 | ) |
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409 | ENDIF |
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410 | ! |
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411 | !-- Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
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412 | autocon = k_au * ( nu_c + 2.0_wp ) * ( nu_c + 4.0_wp ) / & |
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413 | ( nu_c + 1.0_wp )**2 * qc(k,j,i)**2 * xc**2 * & |
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414 | ( 1.0_wp + phi_au / ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud )**2 ) * & |
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415 | rho_surface |
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416 | autocon = MIN( autocon, qc(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
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417 | |
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418 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + autocon * dt_micro |
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419 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - autocon * dt_micro |
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420 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
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421 | |
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422 | ENDIF |
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423 | |
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424 | ENDDO |
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425 | ENDDO |
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426 | ENDDO |
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427 | |
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428 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(55), 'autoconversion', 'stop' ) |
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429 | |
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430 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion |
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431 | |
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432 | |
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433 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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434 | ! Description: |
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435 | ! ------------ |
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436 | !> Autoconversion process (Kessler, 1969). |
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437 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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438 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler |
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439 | |
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440 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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441 | ONLY: dzw, pt, q, qc |
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442 | |
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443 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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444 | ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t, prec_time_const, prr, ql_crit |
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445 | |
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446 | USE control_parameters, & |
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447 | ONLY: dt_micro |
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448 | |
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449 | USE indices, & |
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450 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nyn, nys, nzb_2d, nzt |
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451 | |
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452 | USE kinds |
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453 | |
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454 | |
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455 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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456 | |
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457 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
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458 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
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459 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
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460 | |
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461 | REAL(wp) :: dqdt_precip !< |
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462 | |
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463 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
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464 | DO j = nys, nyn |
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465 | DO k = nzb_2d(j,i)+1, nzt |
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466 | |
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467 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > ql_crit ) THEN |
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468 | dqdt_precip = prec_time_const * ( qc(k,j,i) - ql_crit ) |
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469 | ELSE |
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470 | dqdt_precip = 0.0_wp |
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471 | ENDIF |
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472 | |
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473 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro |
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474 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro |
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475 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) + dqdt_precip * dt_micro * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) |
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476 | |
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477 | ! |
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478 | !-- Compute the rain rate |
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479 | prr(nzb_2d(j,i)+1,j,i) = prr(nzb_2d(j,i)+1,j,i) + dqdt_precip * dzw(k) |
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480 | |
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481 | ENDDO |
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482 | ENDDO |
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483 | ENDDO |
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484 | |
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485 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler |
---|
486 | |
---|
487 | |
---|
488 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
489 | ! Description: |
---|
490 | ! ------------ |
---|
491 | !> Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). |
---|
492 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
493 | SUBROUTINE accretion |
---|
494 | |
---|
495 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
496 | ONLY: diss, qc, qr |
---|
497 | |
---|
498 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
499 | ONLY: collision_turbulence, eps_sb, hyrho, k_cr0 |
---|
500 | |
---|
501 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
502 | ONLY: dt_micro, rho_surface |
---|
503 | |
---|
504 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
505 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
506 | |
---|
507 | USE indices, & |
---|
508 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
509 | |
---|
510 | USE kinds |
---|
511 | |
---|
512 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
513 | |
---|
514 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
515 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
516 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
517 | |
---|
518 | REAL(wp) :: accr !< |
---|
519 | REAL(wp) :: k_cr !< |
---|
520 | REAL(wp) :: phi_ac !< |
---|
521 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
---|
522 | |
---|
523 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(56), 'accretion', 'start' ) |
---|
524 | |
---|
525 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
---|
526 | DO j = nys, nyn |
---|
527 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
528 | |
---|
529 | IF ( ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) .AND. ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) ) THEN |
---|
530 | ! |
---|
531 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
532 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) ) |
---|
533 | ! |
---|
534 | !-- Universal function for accretion process (Seifert and |
---|
535 | !-- Beheng, 2001): |
---|
536 | phi_ac = ( tau_cloud / ( tau_cloud + 5.0E-5_wp ) )**4 |
---|
537 | ! |
---|
538 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
---|
539 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010). The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to |
---|
540 | !-- convert the dissipation rate (diss) from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
---|
541 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
---|
542 | k_cr = k_cr0 * ( 1.0_wp + 0.05_wp * & |
---|
543 | MIN( 600.0_wp, & |
---|
544 | diss(k,j,i) * 1.0E4_wp )**0.25_wp & |
---|
545 | ) |
---|
546 | ELSE |
---|
547 | k_cr = k_cr0 |
---|
548 | ENDIF |
---|
549 | ! |
---|
550 | !-- Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
551 | accr = k_cr * qc(k,j,i) * qr(k,j,i) * phi_ac * & |
---|
552 | SQRT( rho_surface * hyrho(k) ) |
---|
553 | accr = MIN( accr, qc(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
554 | |
---|
555 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + accr * dt_micro |
---|
556 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - accr * dt_micro |
---|
557 | |
---|
558 | ENDIF |
---|
559 | |
---|
560 | ENDDO |
---|
561 | ENDDO |
---|
562 | ENDDO |
---|
563 | |
---|
564 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(56), 'accretion', 'stop' ) |
---|
565 | |
---|
566 | END SUBROUTINE accretion |
---|
567 | |
---|
568 | |
---|
569 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
570 | ! Description: |
---|
571 | ! ------------ |
---|
572 | !> Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008). |
---|
573 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
574 | SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup |
---|
575 | |
---|
576 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
577 | ONLY: nr, qr |
---|
578 | |
---|
579 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
580 | ONLY: dpirho_l, eps_sb, hyrho, k_br, k_rr |
---|
581 | |
---|
582 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
583 | ONLY: dt_micro, rho_surface |
---|
584 | |
---|
585 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
586 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
587 | |
---|
588 | USE indices, & |
---|
589 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
590 | |
---|
591 | USE kinds |
---|
592 | |
---|
593 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
594 | |
---|
595 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
596 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
597 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
598 | |
---|
599 | REAL(wp) :: breakup !< |
---|
600 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
601 | REAL(wp) :: phi_br !< |
---|
602 | REAL(wp) :: selfcoll !< |
---|
603 | |
---|
604 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(57), 'selfcollection', 'start' ) |
---|
605 | |
---|
606 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
---|
607 | DO j = nys, nyn |
---|
608 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
609 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
610 | ! |
---|
611 | !-- Selfcollection rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
---|
612 | selfcoll = k_rr * nr(k,j,i) * qr(k,j,i) * & |
---|
613 | SQRT( hyrho(k) * rho_surface ) |
---|
614 | ! |
---|
615 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
616 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / & |
---|
617 | nr(k,j,i) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
618 | ! |
---|
619 | !-- Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
620 | IF ( dr >= 0.3E-3_wp ) THEN |
---|
621 | phi_br = k_br * ( dr - 1.1E-3_wp ) |
---|
622 | breakup = selfcoll * ( phi_br + 1.0_wp ) |
---|
623 | ELSE |
---|
624 | breakup = 0.0_wp |
---|
625 | ENDIF |
---|
626 | |
---|
627 | selfcoll = MAX( breakup - selfcoll, -nr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
628 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + selfcoll * dt_micro |
---|
629 | |
---|
630 | ENDIF |
---|
631 | ENDDO |
---|
632 | ENDDO |
---|
633 | ENDDO |
---|
634 | |
---|
635 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(57), 'selfcollection', 'stop' ) |
---|
636 | |
---|
637 | END SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup |
---|
638 | |
---|
639 | |
---|
640 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
641 | ! Description: |
---|
642 | ! ------------ |
---|
643 | !> Evaporation of precipitable water. Condensation is neglected for |
---|
644 | !> precipitable water. |
---|
645 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
646 | SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain |
---|
647 | |
---|
648 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
649 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr |
---|
650 | |
---|
651 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
652 | ONLY: a_term, a_vent, b_term, b_vent, c_evap, c_term, & |
---|
653 | diff_coeff_l, dpirho_l, eps_sb, hyrho, kin_vis_air, & |
---|
654 | l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, schmidt_p_1d3, & |
---|
655 | thermal_conductivity_l, t_d_pt, ventilation_effect |
---|
656 | |
---|
657 | USE constants, & |
---|
658 | ONLY: pi |
---|
659 | |
---|
660 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
661 | ONLY: dt_micro |
---|
662 | |
---|
663 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
664 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
665 | |
---|
666 | USE indices, & |
---|
667 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
668 | |
---|
669 | USE kinds |
---|
670 | |
---|
671 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
672 | |
---|
673 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
674 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
675 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
676 | |
---|
677 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
---|
678 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
679 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
---|
680 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
---|
681 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nr !< |
---|
682 | REAL(wp) :: f_vent !< |
---|
683 | REAL(wp) :: g_evap !< |
---|
684 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
---|
685 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
---|
686 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_2 !< |
---|
687 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_5d2 !< |
---|
688 | REAL(wp) :: nr_0 !< |
---|
689 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
---|
690 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
---|
691 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
---|
692 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
---|
693 | REAL(wp) :: xr !< |
---|
694 | |
---|
695 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(58), 'evaporation', 'start' ) |
---|
696 | |
---|
697 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
---|
698 | DO j = nys, nyn |
---|
699 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
700 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
701 | ! |
---|
702 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
---|
703 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt(k,j,i) |
---|
704 | ! |
---|
705 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
---|
706 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
---|
707 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
---|
708 | ) |
---|
709 | ! |
---|
710 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
---|
711 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
---|
712 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
---|
713 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q(k,j,i) ) / & |
---|
714 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
---|
715 | ! |
---|
716 | !-- Supersaturation: |
---|
717 | sat = ( q(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) - qc(k,j,i) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
---|
718 | ! |
---|
719 | !-- Evaporation needs only to be calculated in subsaturated regions |
---|
720 | IF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
---|
721 | ! |
---|
722 | !-- Actual temperature: |
---|
723 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) ) |
---|
724 | |
---|
725 | g_evap = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * & |
---|
726 | l_v / ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) & |
---|
727 | + r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
---|
728 | ) |
---|
729 | ! |
---|
730 | !-- Mean weight of rain drops |
---|
731 | xr = hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / nr(k,j,i) |
---|
732 | ! |
---|
733 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
734 | dr = ( xr * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
735 | ! |
---|
736 | !-- Compute ventilation factor and intercept parameter |
---|
737 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006; Seifert, 2008): |
---|
738 | IF ( ventilation_effect ) THEN |
---|
739 | ! |
---|
740 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, |
---|
741 | !-- 2005; Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
---|
742 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * & |
---|
743 | ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
---|
744 | ! |
---|
745 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
746 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
---|
747 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) & |
---|
748 | )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
---|
749 | |
---|
750 | mu_r_2 = mu_r + 2.0_wp |
---|
751 | mu_r_5d2 = mu_r + 2.5_wp |
---|
752 | |
---|
753 | f_vent = a_vent * gamm( mu_r_2 ) * & |
---|
754 | lambda_r**( -mu_r_2 ) + b_vent * & |
---|
755 | schmidt_p_1d3 * SQRT( a_term / kin_vis_air ) *& |
---|
756 | gamm( mu_r_5d2 ) * lambda_r**( -mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
---|
757 | ( 1.0_wp - & |
---|
758 | 0.5_wp * ( b_term / a_term ) * & |
---|
759 | ( lambda_r / ( c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
760 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
761 | 0.125_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**2 * & |
---|
762 | ( lambda_r / ( 2.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
763 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
764 | 0.0625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**3 * & |
---|
765 | ( lambda_r / ( 3.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
766 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
767 | 0.0390625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**4 * & |
---|
768 | ( lambda_r / ( 4.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
769 | )**mu_r_5d2 & |
---|
770 | ) |
---|
771 | |
---|
772 | nr_0 = nr(k,j,i) * lambda_r**( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) / & |
---|
773 | gamm( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) |
---|
774 | ELSE |
---|
775 | f_vent = 1.0_wp |
---|
776 | nr_0 = nr(k,j,i) * dr |
---|
777 | ENDIF |
---|
778 | ! |
---|
779 | !-- Evaporation rate of rain water content (Seifert and |
---|
780 | !-- Beheng, 2006): |
---|
781 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nr_0 * g_evap * f_vent * sat / & |
---|
782 | hyrho(k) |
---|
783 | evap = MAX( evap, -qr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
784 | evap_nr = MAX( c_evap * evap / xr * hyrho(k), & |
---|
785 | -nr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
786 | |
---|
787 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + evap * dt_micro |
---|
788 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + evap_nr * dt_micro |
---|
789 | |
---|
790 | ENDIF |
---|
791 | ENDIF |
---|
792 | |
---|
793 | ENDDO |
---|
794 | ENDDO |
---|
795 | ENDDO |
---|
796 | |
---|
797 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(58), 'evaporation', 'stop' ) |
---|
798 | |
---|
799 | END SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain |
---|
800 | |
---|
801 | |
---|
802 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
803 | ! Description: |
---|
804 | ! ------------ |
---|
805 | !> Sedimentation of cloud droplets (Ackermann et al., 2009, MWR). |
---|
806 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
807 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud |
---|
808 | |
---|
809 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
810 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, pt, q, qc |
---|
811 | |
---|
812 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
813 | ONLY: eps_sb, hyrho, l_d_cp, nc_const, prr, pt_d_t, sed_qc_const |
---|
814 | |
---|
815 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
816 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_micro, & |
---|
817 | intermediate_timestep_count |
---|
818 | |
---|
819 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
820 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
821 | |
---|
822 | USE indices, & |
---|
823 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
824 | |
---|
825 | USE kinds |
---|
826 | |
---|
827 | USE statistics, & |
---|
828 | ONLY: weight_substep |
---|
829 | |
---|
830 | |
---|
831 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
832 | |
---|
833 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
834 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
835 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
836 | |
---|
837 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qc !< |
---|
838 | |
---|
839 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(59), 'sed_cloud', 'start' ) |
---|
840 | |
---|
841 | sed_qc(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
842 | |
---|
843 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
---|
844 | DO j = nys, nyn |
---|
845 | DO k = nzt, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, -1 |
---|
846 | |
---|
847 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
848 | sed_qc(k) = sed_qc_const * nc_const**( -2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
849 | ( qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) )**( 5.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
850 | ELSE |
---|
851 | sed_qc(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
852 | ENDIF |
---|
853 | |
---|
854 | sed_qc(k) = MIN( sed_qc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * q(k,j,i) / & |
---|
855 | dt_micro + sed_qc(k+1) & |
---|
856 | ) |
---|
857 | |
---|
858 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
---|
859 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
860 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
---|
861 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
862 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) - ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
---|
863 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * & |
---|
864 | pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro |
---|
865 | |
---|
866 | ! |
---|
867 | !-- Compute the precipitation rate due to cloud (fog) droplets |
---|
868 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
869 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) & |
---|
870 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) |
---|
871 | ELSE |
---|
872 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) |
---|
873 | ENDIF |
---|
874 | |
---|
875 | ENDDO |
---|
876 | ENDDO |
---|
877 | ENDDO |
---|
878 | |
---|
879 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(59), 'sed_cloud', 'stop' ) |
---|
880 | |
---|
881 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud |
---|
882 | |
---|
883 | |
---|
884 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
885 | ! Description: |
---|
886 | ! ------------ |
---|
887 | !> Computation of sedimentation flux. Implementation according to Stevens |
---|
888 | !> and Seifert (2008). Code is based on UCLA-LES. |
---|
889 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
890 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain |
---|
891 | |
---|
892 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
893 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, nr, pt, q, qr |
---|
894 | |
---|
895 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
896 | ONLY: a_term, b_term, c_term, dpirho_l, eps_sb, hyrho, & |
---|
897 | limiter_sedimentation, l_d_cp, prr, pt_d_t |
---|
898 | |
---|
899 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
900 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_micro, & |
---|
901 | intermediate_timestep_count |
---|
902 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
903 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
904 | |
---|
905 | USE indices, & |
---|
906 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
907 | |
---|
908 | USE kinds |
---|
909 | |
---|
910 | USE statistics, & |
---|
911 | ONLY: weight_substep |
---|
912 | |
---|
913 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
914 | |
---|
915 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
916 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
917 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
918 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_run !< |
---|
919 | |
---|
920 | REAL(wp) :: c_run !< |
---|
921 | REAL(wp) :: d_max !< |
---|
922 | REAL(wp) :: d_mean !< |
---|
923 | REAL(wp) :: d_min !< |
---|
924 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
925 | REAL(wp) :: flux !< |
---|
926 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
---|
927 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
---|
928 | REAL(wp) :: z_run !< |
---|
929 | |
---|
930 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_nr !< |
---|
931 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_qr !< |
---|
932 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nr_slope !< |
---|
933 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: qr_slope !< |
---|
934 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nr !< |
---|
935 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qr !< |
---|
936 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_nr !< |
---|
937 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_qr !< |
---|
938 | |
---|
939 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(60), 'sed_rain', 'start' ) |
---|
940 | |
---|
941 | ! |
---|
942 | !-- Compute velocities |
---|
943 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
---|
944 | DO j = nys, nyn |
---|
945 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
946 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
947 | ! |
---|
948 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
949 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / & |
---|
950 | nr(k,j,i) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
951 | ! |
---|
952 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
---|
953 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
---|
954 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * & |
---|
955 | ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
---|
956 | ! |
---|
957 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
958 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
---|
959 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
---|
960 | |
---|
961 | w_nr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
---|
962 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
963 | c_term / & |
---|
964 | lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
---|
965 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) ) & |
---|
966 | ) & |
---|
967 | ) |
---|
968 | |
---|
969 | w_qr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
---|
970 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
971 | c_term / & |
---|
972 | lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
---|
973 | ( mu_r + 4.0_wp ) ) & |
---|
974 | ) & |
---|
975 | ) |
---|
976 | ELSE |
---|
977 | w_nr(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
978 | w_qr(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
979 | ENDIF |
---|
980 | ENDDO |
---|
981 | ! |
---|
982 | !-- Adjust boundary values |
---|
983 | w_nr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)) = w_nr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1) |
---|
984 | w_qr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)) = w_qr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1) |
---|
985 | w_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
986 | w_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
987 | ! |
---|
988 | !-- Compute Courant number |
---|
989 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
990 | c_nr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_nr(k-1) + & |
---|
991 | 2.0_wp * w_nr(k) + w_nr(k+1) ) * & |
---|
992 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) |
---|
993 | c_qr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_qr(k-1) + & |
---|
994 | 2.0_wp * w_qr(k) + w_qr(k+1) ) * & |
---|
995 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) |
---|
996 | ENDDO |
---|
997 | ! |
---|
998 | !-- Limit slopes with monotonized centered (MC) limiter (van Leer, 1977): |
---|
999 | IF ( limiter_sedimentation ) THEN |
---|
1000 | |
---|
1001 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1002 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( qr(k+1,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) |
---|
1003 | d_min = qr(k,j,i) - MIN( qr(k+1,j,i), qr(k,j,i), qr(k-1,j,i) ) |
---|
1004 | d_max = MAX( qr(k+1,j,i), qr(k,j,i), qr(k-1,j,i) ) - qr(k,j,i) |
---|
1005 | |
---|
1006 | qr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
---|
1007 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
---|
1008 | ABS( d_mean ) ) |
---|
1009 | |
---|
1010 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( nr(k+1,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) |
---|
1011 | d_min = nr(k,j,i) - MIN( nr(k+1,j,i), nr(k,j,i), nr(k-1,j,i) ) |
---|
1012 | d_max = MAX( nr(k+1,j,i), nr(k,j,i), nr(k-1,j,i) ) - nr(k,j,i) |
---|
1013 | |
---|
1014 | nr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
---|
1015 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
---|
1016 | ABS( d_mean ) ) |
---|
1017 | ENDDO |
---|
1018 | |
---|
1019 | ELSE |
---|
1020 | |
---|
1021 | nr_slope = 0.0_wp |
---|
1022 | qr_slope = 0.0_wp |
---|
1023 | |
---|
1024 | ENDIF |
---|
1025 | |
---|
1026 | sed_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1027 | sed_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1028 | ! |
---|
1029 | !-- Compute sedimentation flux |
---|
1030 | DO k = nzt, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, -1 |
---|
1031 | ! |
---|
1032 | !-- Sum up all rain drop number densities which contribute to the flux |
---|
1033 | !-- through k-1/2 |
---|
1034 | flux = 0.0_wp |
---|
1035 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
---|
1036 | k_run = k |
---|
1037 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k) ) |
---|
1038 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
---|
1039 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
---|
1040 | ( nr(k_run,j,i) + nr_slope(k_run) * & |
---|
1041 | ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) |
---|
1042 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) |
---|
1043 | k_run = k_run + 1 |
---|
1044 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) |
---|
1045 | ENDDO |
---|
1046 | ! |
---|
1047 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain drop number density than |
---|
1048 | !-- available |
---|
1049 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
---|
1050 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * nr(k,j,i) + sed_nr(k+1) * & |
---|
1051 | dt_micro & |
---|
1052 | ) |
---|
1053 | |
---|
1054 | sed_nr(k) = flux / dt_micro |
---|
1055 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + ( sed_nr(k+1) - sed_nr(k) ) * & |
---|
1056 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1057 | ! |
---|
1058 | !-- Sum up all rain water content which contributes to the flux |
---|
1059 | !-- through k-1/2 |
---|
1060 | flux = 0.0_wp |
---|
1061 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
---|
1062 | k_run = k |
---|
1063 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k) ) |
---|
1064 | |
---|
1065 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
---|
1066 | |
---|
1067 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * ( qr(k_run,j,i) + & |
---|
1068 | qr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
---|
1069 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) |
---|
1070 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) |
---|
1071 | k_run = k_run + 1 |
---|
1072 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) |
---|
1073 | |
---|
1074 | ENDDO |
---|
1075 | ! |
---|
1076 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain water content than |
---|
1077 | !-- available |
---|
1078 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
---|
1079 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k) * qr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k+1) * & |
---|
1080 | dt_micro & |
---|
1081 | ) |
---|
1082 | |
---|
1083 | sed_qr(k) = flux / dt_micro |
---|
1084 | |
---|
1085 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
---|
1086 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1087 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
---|
1088 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1089 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) - ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
---|
1090 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * & |
---|
1091 | pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1092 | ! |
---|
1093 | !-- Compute the rain rate |
---|
1094 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
1095 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) & |
---|
1096 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) |
---|
1097 | ELSE |
---|
1098 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) |
---|
1099 | ENDIF |
---|
1100 | |
---|
1101 | ENDDO |
---|
1102 | ENDDO |
---|
1103 | ENDDO |
---|
1104 | |
---|
1105 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(60), 'sed_rain', 'stop' ) |
---|
1106 | |
---|
1107 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain |
---|
1108 | |
---|
1109 | |
---|
1110 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1111 | ! Description: |
---|
1112 | ! ------------ |
---|
1113 | !> Computation of the precipitation amount due to gravitational settling of |
---|
1114 | !> rain and cloud (fog) droplets |
---|
1115 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1116 | SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount |
---|
1117 | |
---|
1118 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1119 | ONLY: hyrho, precipitation_amount, prr |
---|
1120 | |
---|
1121 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1122 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d, & |
---|
1123 | intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max,& |
---|
1124 | precipitation_amount_interval, time_do2d_xy |
---|
1125 | |
---|
1126 | USE indices, & |
---|
1127 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb_s_inner |
---|
1128 | |
---|
1129 | USE kinds |
---|
1130 | |
---|
1131 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1132 | |
---|
1133 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: |
---|
1134 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: |
---|
1135 | |
---|
1136 | |
---|
1137 | IF ( ( dt_do2d_xy - time_do2d_xy ) < precipitation_amount_interval .AND.& |
---|
1138 | ( .NOT. call_microphysics_at_all_substeps .OR. & |
---|
1139 | intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) ) & |
---|
1140 | THEN |
---|
1141 | |
---|
1142 | DO i = nxl, nxr |
---|
1143 | DO j = nys, nyn |
---|
1144 | |
---|
1145 | precipitation_amount(j,i) = precipitation_amount(j,i) + & |
---|
1146 | prr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) * & |
---|
1147 | hyrho(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1) * dt_3d |
---|
1148 | |
---|
1149 | ENDDO |
---|
1150 | ENDDO |
---|
1151 | ENDIF |
---|
1152 | |
---|
1153 | END SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount |
---|
1154 | |
---|
1155 | |
---|
1156 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1157 | ! Description: |
---|
1158 | ! ------------ |
---|
1159 | !> Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1160 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1161 | |
---|
1162 | SUBROUTINE microphysics_control_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1163 | |
---|
1164 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1165 | ONLY: hyp, nc_1d, nr, nr_1d, pt, pt_init, pt_1d, q, q_1d, qc, & |
---|
1166 | qc_1d, qr, qr_1d, zu |
---|
1167 | |
---|
1168 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1169 | ONLY: cloud_water_sedimentation, cp, hyrho, nc_const, prr, pt_d_t, & |
---|
1170 | r_d, t_d_pt |
---|
1171 | |
---|
1172 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1173 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_3d, dt_micro, & |
---|
1174 | g, intermediate_timestep_count, large_scale_forcing, & |
---|
1175 | lsf_surf, microphysics_seifert, microphysics_kessler, & |
---|
1176 | pt_surface, rho_surface, surface_pressure |
---|
1177 | |
---|
1178 | USE indices, & |
---|
1179 | ONLY: nzb, nzt |
---|
1180 | |
---|
1181 | USE kinds |
---|
1182 | |
---|
1183 | USE statistics, & |
---|
1184 | ONLY: weight_pres |
---|
1185 | |
---|
1186 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1187 | |
---|
1188 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1189 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1190 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1191 | |
---|
1192 | REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< |
---|
1193 | |
---|
1194 | IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN |
---|
1195 | ! |
---|
1196 | !-- Calculate: |
---|
1197 | !-- pt / t : ratio of potential and actual temperature (pt_d_t) |
---|
1198 | !-- t / pt : ratio of actual and potential temperature (t_d_pt) |
---|
1199 | !-- p_0(z) : vertical profile of the hydrostatic pressure (hyp) |
---|
1200 | t_surface = pt_surface * ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
---|
1201 | DO k = nzb, nzt+1 |
---|
1202 | hyp(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * & |
---|
1203 | ( ( t_surface - g / cp * zu(k) ) / t_surface )**(1.0_wp / 0.286_wp) |
---|
1204 | pt_d_t(k) = ( 100000.0_wp / hyp(k) )**0.286_wp |
---|
1205 | t_d_pt(k) = 1.0_wp / pt_d_t(k) |
---|
1206 | hyrho(k) = hyp(k) / ( r_d * t_d_pt(k) * pt_init(k) ) |
---|
1207 | ENDDO |
---|
1208 | ! |
---|
1209 | !-- Compute reference density |
---|
1210 | rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * t_surface ) |
---|
1211 | ENDIF |
---|
1212 | |
---|
1213 | ! |
---|
1214 | !-- Compute length of time step |
---|
1215 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
1216 | dt_micro = dt_3d * weight_pres(intermediate_timestep_count) |
---|
1217 | ELSE |
---|
1218 | dt_micro = dt_3d |
---|
1219 | ENDIF |
---|
1220 | |
---|
1221 | ! |
---|
1222 | !-- Use 1d arrays |
---|
1223 | q_1d(:) = q(:,j,i) |
---|
1224 | pt_1d(:) = pt(:,j,i) |
---|
1225 | qc_1d(:) = qc(:,j,i) |
---|
1226 | nc_1d(:) = nc_const |
---|
1227 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
---|
1228 | qr_1d(:) = qr(:,j,i) |
---|
1229 | nr_1d(:) = nr(:,j,i) |
---|
1230 | ENDIF |
---|
1231 | |
---|
1232 | ! |
---|
1233 | !-- Reset precipitation rate |
---|
1234 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) prr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1235 | |
---|
1236 | ! |
---|
1237 | !-- Compute cloud physics |
---|
1238 | IF( microphysics_kessler ) THEN |
---|
1239 | |
---|
1240 | CALL autoconversion_kessler( i,j ) |
---|
1241 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud( i,j ) |
---|
1242 | |
---|
1243 | ELSEIF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
---|
1244 | |
---|
1245 | CALL adjust_cloud( i,j ) |
---|
1246 | CALL autoconversion( i,j ) |
---|
1247 | CALL accretion( i,j ) |
---|
1248 | CALL selfcollection_breakup( i,j ) |
---|
1249 | CALL evaporation_rain( i,j ) |
---|
1250 | CALL sedimentation_rain( i,j ) |
---|
1251 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud( i,j ) |
---|
1252 | |
---|
1253 | ENDIF |
---|
1254 | |
---|
1255 | CALL calc_precipitation_amount( i,j ) |
---|
1256 | |
---|
1257 | ! |
---|
1258 | !-- Store results on the 3d arrays |
---|
1259 | q(:,j,i) = q_1d(:) |
---|
1260 | pt(:,j,i) = pt_1d(:) |
---|
1261 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
---|
1262 | qr(:,j,i) = qr_1d(:) |
---|
1263 | nr(:,j,i) = nr_1d(:) |
---|
1264 | ENDIF |
---|
1265 | |
---|
1266 | END SUBROUTINE microphysics_control_ij |
---|
1267 | |
---|
1268 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1269 | ! Description: |
---|
1270 | ! ------------ |
---|
1271 | !> Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in |
---|
1272 | !> sedimentation and evaporation of rain drops due to too small or |
---|
1273 | !> too big weights of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
---|
1274 | !> The same procedure is applied to cloud droplets if they are determined |
---|
1275 | !> prognostically. Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1276 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1277 | SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1278 | |
---|
1279 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1280 | ONLY: qr_1d, nr_1d |
---|
1281 | |
---|
1282 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1283 | ONLY: eps_sb, xrmin, xrmax, hyrho |
---|
1284 | |
---|
1285 | USE indices, & |
---|
1286 | ONLY: nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
1287 | |
---|
1288 | USE kinds |
---|
1289 | |
---|
1290 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1291 | |
---|
1292 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1293 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1294 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1295 | |
---|
1296 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1297 | |
---|
1298 | IF ( qr_1d(k) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1299 | qr_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1300 | nr_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1301 | ELSE |
---|
1302 | ! |
---|
1303 | !-- Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in |
---|
1304 | !-- sedimentation and evaporation of rain drops due to too small or |
---|
1305 | !-- too big weights of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
---|
1306 | IF ( nr_1d(k) * xrmin > qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
1307 | nr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) / xrmin |
---|
1308 | ELSEIF ( nr_1d(k) * xrmax < qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
1309 | nr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) / xrmax |
---|
1310 | ENDIF |
---|
1311 | |
---|
1312 | ENDIF |
---|
1313 | |
---|
1314 | ENDDO |
---|
1315 | |
---|
1316 | END SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud_ij |
---|
1317 | |
---|
1318 | |
---|
1319 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1320 | ! Description: |
---|
1321 | ! ------------ |
---|
1322 | !> Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1323 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1324 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1325 | |
---|
1326 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1327 | ONLY: diss, dzu, nc_1d, nr_1d, qc_1d, qr_1d |
---|
1328 | |
---|
1329 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1330 | ONLY: a_1, a_2, a_3, b_1, b_2, b_3, beta_cc, c_1, c_2, c_3, & |
---|
1331 | c_const, collision_turbulence, dpirho_l, eps_sb, hyrho, & |
---|
1332 | kin_vis_air, k_cc, x0 |
---|
1333 | |
---|
1334 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1335 | ONLY: dt_micro, rho_surface |
---|
1336 | |
---|
1337 | USE grid_variables, & |
---|
1338 | ONLY: dx, dy |
---|
1339 | |
---|
1340 | USE indices, & |
---|
1341 | ONLY: nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
1342 | |
---|
1343 | USE kinds |
---|
1344 | |
---|
1345 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1346 | |
---|
1347 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1348 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1349 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1350 | |
---|
1351 | REAL(wp) :: alpha_cc !< |
---|
1352 | REAL(wp) :: autocon !< |
---|
1353 | REAL(wp) :: dissipation !< |
---|
1354 | REAL(wp) :: k_au !< |
---|
1355 | REAL(wp) :: l_mix !< |
---|
1356 | REAL(wp) :: nu_c !< |
---|
1357 | REAL(wp) :: phi_au !< |
---|
1358 | REAL(wp) :: r_cc !< |
---|
1359 | REAL(wp) :: rc !< |
---|
1360 | REAL(wp) :: re_lambda !< |
---|
1361 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_cc !< |
---|
1362 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
---|
1363 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
---|
1364 | |
---|
1365 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1366 | |
---|
1367 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1368 | |
---|
1369 | k_au = k_cc / ( 20.0_wp * x0 ) |
---|
1370 | ! |
---|
1371 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1372 | !-- (1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr_1d(k) )) |
---|
1373 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc_1d(k) / ( qr_1d(k) + qc_1d(k) ) |
---|
1374 | ! |
---|
1375 | !-- Universal function for autoconversion process |
---|
1376 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1377 | phi_au = 600.0_wp * tau_cloud**0.68_wp * ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud**0.68_wp )**3 |
---|
1378 | ! |
---|
1379 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Geoffroy et al., 2010): |
---|
1380 | !-- (Use constant nu_c = 1.0_wp instead?) |
---|
1381 | nu_c = 1.0_wp !MAX( 0.0_wp, 1580.0_wp * hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) - 0.28_wp ) |
---|
1382 | ! |
---|
1383 | !-- Mean weight of cloud droplets: |
---|
1384 | xc = hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) / nc_1d(k) |
---|
1385 | ! |
---|
1386 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
---|
1387 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010) |
---|
1388 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
---|
1389 | ! |
---|
1390 | !-- Weight averaged radius of cloud droplets: |
---|
1391 | rc = 0.5_wp * ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1392 | |
---|
1393 | alpha_cc = ( a_1 + a_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + a_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
1394 | r_cc = ( b_1 + b_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + b_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
1395 | sigma_cc = ( c_1 + c_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + c_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
1396 | ! |
---|
1397 | !-- Mixing length (neglecting distance to ground and stratification) |
---|
1398 | l_mix = ( dx * dy * dzu(k) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1399 | ! |
---|
1400 | !-- Limit dissipation rate according to Seifert, Nuijens and |
---|
1401 | !-- Stevens (2010) |
---|
1402 | dissipation = MIN( 0.06_wp, diss(k,j,i) ) |
---|
1403 | ! |
---|
1404 | !-- Compute Taylor-microscale Reynolds number: |
---|
1405 | re_lambda = 6.0_wp / 11.0_wp * & |
---|
1406 | ( l_mix / c_const )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1407 | SQRT( 15.0_wp / kin_vis_air ) * & |
---|
1408 | dissipation**( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) |
---|
1409 | ! |
---|
1410 | !-- The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to convert the dissipation rate |
---|
1411 | !-- from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
---|
1412 | k_au = k_au * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
1413 | dissipation * 1.0E4_wp * & |
---|
1414 | ( re_lambda * 1.0E-3_wp )**0.25_wp * & |
---|
1415 | ( alpha_cc * EXP( -1.0_wp * ( ( rc - r_cc ) / & |
---|
1416 | sigma_cc )**2 & |
---|
1417 | ) + beta_cc & |
---|
1418 | ) & |
---|
1419 | ) |
---|
1420 | ENDIF |
---|
1421 | ! |
---|
1422 | !-- Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1423 | autocon = k_au * ( nu_c + 2.0_wp ) * ( nu_c + 4.0_wp ) / & |
---|
1424 | ( nu_c + 1.0_wp )**2 * qc_1d(k)**2 * xc**2 * & |
---|
1425 | ( 1.0_wp + phi_au / ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud )**2 ) * & |
---|
1426 | rho_surface |
---|
1427 | autocon = MIN( autocon, qc_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1428 | |
---|
1429 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + autocon * dt_micro |
---|
1430 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - autocon * dt_micro |
---|
1431 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1432 | |
---|
1433 | ENDIF |
---|
1434 | |
---|
1435 | ENDDO |
---|
1436 | |
---|
1437 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_ij |
---|
1438 | |
---|
1439 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1440 | ! Description: |
---|
1441 | ! ------------ |
---|
1442 | !> Autoconversion process (Kessler, 1969). |
---|
1443 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1444 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1445 | |
---|
1446 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1447 | ONLY: dzw, pt_1d, q_1d, qc_1d |
---|
1448 | |
---|
1449 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1450 | ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t, prec_time_const, prr, ql_crit |
---|
1451 | |
---|
1452 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1453 | ONLY: dt_micro |
---|
1454 | |
---|
1455 | USE indices, & |
---|
1456 | ONLY: nzb_2d, nzt |
---|
1457 | |
---|
1458 | USE kinds |
---|
1459 | |
---|
1460 | |
---|
1461 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1462 | |
---|
1463 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1464 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1465 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1466 | |
---|
1467 | REAL(wp) :: dqdt_precip !< |
---|
1468 | |
---|
1469 | DO k = nzb_2d(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1470 | |
---|
1471 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > ql_crit ) THEN |
---|
1472 | dqdt_precip = prec_time_const * ( qc_1d(k) - ql_crit ) |
---|
1473 | ELSE |
---|
1474 | dqdt_precip = 0.0_wp |
---|
1475 | ENDIF |
---|
1476 | |
---|
1477 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro |
---|
1478 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro |
---|
1479 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) + dqdt_precip * dt_micro * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) |
---|
1480 | |
---|
1481 | ! |
---|
1482 | !-- Compute the rain rate |
---|
1483 | prr(nzb_2d(j,i)+1,j,i) = prr(nzb_2d(j,i)+1,j,i) + & |
---|
1484 | dqdt_precip * dzw(k) |
---|
1485 | |
---|
1486 | ENDDO |
---|
1487 | |
---|
1488 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler_ij |
---|
1489 | |
---|
1490 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1491 | ! Description: |
---|
1492 | ! ------------ |
---|
1493 | !> Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1494 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1495 | SUBROUTINE accretion_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1496 | |
---|
1497 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1498 | ONLY: diss, qc_1d, qr_1d |
---|
1499 | |
---|
1500 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1501 | ONLY: collision_turbulence, eps_sb, hyrho, k_cr0 |
---|
1502 | |
---|
1503 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1504 | ONLY: dt_micro, rho_surface |
---|
1505 | |
---|
1506 | USE indices, & |
---|
1507 | ONLY: nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
1508 | |
---|
1509 | USE kinds |
---|
1510 | |
---|
1511 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1512 | |
---|
1513 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1514 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1515 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1516 | |
---|
1517 | REAL(wp) :: accr !< |
---|
1518 | REAL(wp) :: k_cr !< |
---|
1519 | REAL(wp) :: phi_ac !< |
---|
1520 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
---|
1521 | |
---|
1522 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1523 | IF ( ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb ) .AND. ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) ) THEN |
---|
1524 | ! |
---|
1525 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1526 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc_1d(k) / ( qc_1d(k) + qr_1d(k) ) |
---|
1527 | ! |
---|
1528 | !-- Universal function for accretion process |
---|
1529 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
---|
1530 | phi_ac = ( tau_cloud / ( tau_cloud + 5.0E-5_wp ) )**4 |
---|
1531 | ! |
---|
1532 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
---|
1533 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010). The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to |
---|
1534 | !-- convert the dissipation rate (diss) from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
---|
1535 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
---|
1536 | k_cr = k_cr0 * ( 1.0_wp + 0.05_wp * & |
---|
1537 | MIN( 600.0_wp, & |
---|
1538 | diss(k,j,i) * 1.0E4_wp )**0.25_wp & |
---|
1539 | ) |
---|
1540 | ELSE |
---|
1541 | k_cr = k_cr0 |
---|
1542 | ENDIF |
---|
1543 | ! |
---|
1544 | !-- Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1545 | accr = k_cr * qc_1d(k) * qr_1d(k) * phi_ac * SQRT( rho_surface * hyrho(k) ) |
---|
1546 | accr = MIN( accr, qc_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1547 | |
---|
1548 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + accr * dt_micro |
---|
1549 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - accr * dt_micro |
---|
1550 | |
---|
1551 | ENDIF |
---|
1552 | |
---|
1553 | ENDDO |
---|
1554 | |
---|
1555 | END SUBROUTINE accretion_ij |
---|
1556 | |
---|
1557 | |
---|
1558 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1559 | ! Description: |
---|
1560 | ! ------------ |
---|
1561 | !> Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008). Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1562 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1563 | SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1564 | |
---|
1565 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1566 | ONLY: nr_1d, qr_1d |
---|
1567 | |
---|
1568 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1569 | ONLY: dpirho_l, eps_sb, hyrho, k_br, k_rr |
---|
1570 | |
---|
1571 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1572 | ONLY: dt_micro, rho_surface |
---|
1573 | |
---|
1574 | USE indices, & |
---|
1575 | ONLY: nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
1576 | |
---|
1577 | USE kinds |
---|
1578 | |
---|
1579 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1580 | |
---|
1581 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1582 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1583 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1584 | |
---|
1585 | REAL(wp) :: breakup !< |
---|
1586 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
1587 | REAL(wp) :: phi_br !< |
---|
1588 | REAL(wp) :: selfcoll !< |
---|
1589 | |
---|
1590 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1591 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1592 | ! |
---|
1593 | !-- Selfcollection rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
---|
1594 | selfcoll = k_rr * nr_1d(k) * qr_1d(k) * SQRT( hyrho(k) * rho_surface ) |
---|
1595 | ! |
---|
1596 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
1597 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1598 | ! |
---|
1599 | !-- Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1600 | IF ( dr >= 0.3E-3_wp ) THEN |
---|
1601 | phi_br = k_br * ( dr - 1.1E-3_wp ) |
---|
1602 | breakup = selfcoll * ( phi_br + 1.0_wp ) |
---|
1603 | ELSE |
---|
1604 | breakup = 0.0_wp |
---|
1605 | ENDIF |
---|
1606 | |
---|
1607 | selfcoll = MAX( breakup - selfcoll, -nr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1608 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + selfcoll * dt_micro |
---|
1609 | |
---|
1610 | ENDIF |
---|
1611 | ENDDO |
---|
1612 | |
---|
1613 | END SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup_ij |
---|
1614 | |
---|
1615 | |
---|
1616 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1617 | ! Description: |
---|
1618 | ! ------------ |
---|
1619 | !> Evaporation of precipitable water. Condensation is neglected for |
---|
1620 | !> precipitable water. Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1621 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1622 | SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1623 | |
---|
1624 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1625 | ONLY: hyp, nr_1d, pt_1d, q_1d, qc_1d, qr_1d |
---|
1626 | |
---|
1627 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1628 | ONLY: a_term, a_vent, b_term, b_vent, c_evap, c_term, diff_coeff_l,& |
---|
1629 | dpirho_l, eps_sb, hyrho, kin_vis_air, l_d_cp, l_d_r, & |
---|
1630 | l_v, r_v, schmidt_p_1d3, thermal_conductivity_l, & |
---|
1631 | t_d_pt, ventilation_effect |
---|
1632 | |
---|
1633 | USE constants, & |
---|
1634 | ONLY: pi |
---|
1635 | |
---|
1636 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1637 | ONLY: dt_micro |
---|
1638 | |
---|
1639 | USE indices, & |
---|
1640 | ONLY: nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
1641 | |
---|
1642 | USE kinds |
---|
1643 | |
---|
1644 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1645 | |
---|
1646 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1647 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1648 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1649 | |
---|
1650 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
---|
1651 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
1652 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
---|
1653 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
---|
1654 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nr !< |
---|
1655 | REAL(wp) :: f_vent !< |
---|
1656 | REAL(wp) :: g_evap !< |
---|
1657 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
---|
1658 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
---|
1659 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_2 !< |
---|
1660 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_5d2 !< |
---|
1661 | REAL(wp) :: nr_0 !< |
---|
1662 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
---|
1663 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
---|
1664 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
---|
1665 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
---|
1666 | REAL(wp) :: xr !< |
---|
1667 | |
---|
1668 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1669 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1670 | ! |
---|
1671 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
---|
1672 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt_1d(k) |
---|
1673 | ! |
---|
1674 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
---|
1675 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
---|
1676 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
---|
1677 | ) |
---|
1678 | ! |
---|
1679 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
---|
1680 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
---|
1681 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
---|
1682 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_1d(k) ) / ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
---|
1683 | ! |
---|
1684 | !-- Supersaturation: |
---|
1685 | sat = ( q_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) - qc_1d(k) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
---|
1686 | ! |
---|
1687 | !-- Evaporation needs only to be calculated in subsaturated regions |
---|
1688 | IF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
---|
1689 | ! |
---|
1690 | !-- Actual temperature: |
---|
1691 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc_1d(k) + qr_1d(k) ) |
---|
1692 | |
---|
1693 | g_evap = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * l_v / & |
---|
1694 | ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) + & |
---|
1695 | r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
---|
1696 | ) |
---|
1697 | ! |
---|
1698 | !-- Mean weight of rain drops |
---|
1699 | xr = hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) |
---|
1700 | ! |
---|
1701 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
1702 | dr = ( xr * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1703 | ! |
---|
1704 | !-- Compute ventilation factor and intercept parameter |
---|
1705 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006; Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1706 | IF ( ventilation_effect ) THEN |
---|
1707 | ! |
---|
1708 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
---|
1709 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1710 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
---|
1711 | ! |
---|
1712 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1713 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1714 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) & |
---|
1715 | )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
---|
1716 | |
---|
1717 | mu_r_2 = mu_r + 2.0_wp |
---|
1718 | mu_r_5d2 = mu_r + 2.5_wp |
---|
1719 | |
---|
1720 | f_vent = a_vent * gamm( mu_r_2 ) * lambda_r**( -mu_r_2 ) + & |
---|
1721 | b_vent * schmidt_p_1d3 * & |
---|
1722 | SQRT( a_term / kin_vis_air ) * gamm( mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
---|
1723 | lambda_r**( -mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
---|
1724 | ( 1.0_wp - & |
---|
1725 | 0.5_wp * ( b_term / a_term ) * & |
---|
1726 | ( lambda_r / ( c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
1727 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
1728 | 0.125_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**2 * & |
---|
1729 | ( lambda_r / ( 2.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
1730 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
1731 | 0.0625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**3 * & |
---|
1732 | ( lambda_r / ( 3.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
1733 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
1734 | 0.0390625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**4 * & |
---|
1735 | ( lambda_r / ( 4.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
1736 | )**mu_r_5d2 & |
---|
1737 | ) |
---|
1738 | |
---|
1739 | nr_0 = nr_1d(k) * lambda_r**( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) / & |
---|
1740 | gamm( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) |
---|
1741 | ELSE |
---|
1742 | f_vent = 1.0_wp |
---|
1743 | nr_0 = nr_1d(k) * dr |
---|
1744 | ENDIF |
---|
1745 | ! |
---|
1746 | !-- Evaporation rate of rain water content (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1747 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nr_0 * g_evap * f_vent * sat / hyrho(k) |
---|
1748 | evap = MAX( evap, -qr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1749 | evap_nr = MAX( c_evap * evap / xr * hyrho(k), & |
---|
1750 | -nr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1751 | |
---|
1752 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + evap * dt_micro |
---|
1753 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + evap_nr * dt_micro |
---|
1754 | |
---|
1755 | ENDIF |
---|
1756 | ENDIF |
---|
1757 | |
---|
1758 | ENDDO |
---|
1759 | |
---|
1760 | END SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain_ij |
---|
1761 | |
---|
1762 | |
---|
1763 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1764 | ! Description: |
---|
1765 | ! ------------ |
---|
1766 | !> Sedimentation of cloud droplets (Ackermann et al., 2009, MWR). |
---|
1767 | !> Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1768 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1769 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1770 | |
---|
1771 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1772 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, nc_1d, pt_1d, q_1d, qc_1d |
---|
1773 | |
---|
1774 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1775 | ONLY: eps_sb, hyrho, l_d_cp, prr, pt_d_t, sed_qc_const |
---|
1776 | |
---|
1777 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1778 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_micro, & |
---|
1779 | intermediate_timestep_count |
---|
1780 | |
---|
1781 | USE indices, & |
---|
1782 | ONLY: nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
1783 | |
---|
1784 | USE kinds |
---|
1785 | |
---|
1786 | USE statistics, & |
---|
1787 | ONLY: weight_substep |
---|
1788 | |
---|
1789 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1790 | |
---|
1791 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1792 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1793 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1794 | |
---|
1795 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qc !< |
---|
1796 | |
---|
1797 | sed_qc(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1798 | |
---|
1799 | DO k = nzt, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, -1 |
---|
1800 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1801 | sed_qc(k) = sed_qc_const * nc_1d(k)**( -2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1802 | ( qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) )**( 5.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1803 | ELSE |
---|
1804 | sed_qc(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1805 | ENDIF |
---|
1806 | |
---|
1807 | sed_qc(k) = MIN( sed_qc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * q_1d(k) / & |
---|
1808 | dt_micro + sed_qc(k+1) & |
---|
1809 | ) |
---|
1810 | |
---|
1811 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
1812 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1813 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
1814 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1815 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) - ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
1816 | hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1817 | |
---|
1818 | ! |
---|
1819 | !-- Compute the precipitation rate of cloud (fog) droplets |
---|
1820 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
1821 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) * & |
---|
1822 | weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) |
---|
1823 | ELSE |
---|
1824 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) |
---|
1825 | ENDIF |
---|
1826 | |
---|
1827 | ENDDO |
---|
1828 | |
---|
1829 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud_ij |
---|
1830 | |
---|
1831 | |
---|
1832 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1833 | ! Description: |
---|
1834 | ! ------------ |
---|
1835 | !> Computation of sedimentation flux. Implementation according to Stevens |
---|
1836 | !> and Seifert (2008). Code is based on UCLA-LES. Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1837 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1838 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1839 | |
---|
1840 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1841 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, nr_1d, pt_1d, q_1d, qr_1d |
---|
1842 | |
---|
1843 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1844 | ONLY: a_term, b_term, c_term, dpirho_l, eps_sb, hyrho, & |
---|
1845 | limiter_sedimentation, l_d_cp, prr, pt_d_t |
---|
1846 | |
---|
1847 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1848 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_micro, & |
---|
1849 | intermediate_timestep_count |
---|
1850 | |
---|
1851 | USE indices, & |
---|
1852 | ONLY: nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzt |
---|
1853 | |
---|
1854 | USE kinds |
---|
1855 | |
---|
1856 | USE statistics, & |
---|
1857 | ONLY: weight_substep |
---|
1858 | |
---|
1859 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1860 | |
---|
1861 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1862 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1863 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1864 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_run !< |
---|
1865 | |
---|
1866 | REAL(wp) :: c_run !< |
---|
1867 | REAL(wp) :: d_max !< |
---|
1868 | REAL(wp) :: d_mean !< |
---|
1869 | REAL(wp) :: d_min !< |
---|
1870 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
1871 | REAL(wp) :: flux !< |
---|
1872 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
---|
1873 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
---|
1874 | REAL(wp) :: z_run !< |
---|
1875 | |
---|
1876 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_nr !< |
---|
1877 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_qr !< |
---|
1878 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nr_slope !< |
---|
1879 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: qr_slope !< |
---|
1880 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nr !< |
---|
1881 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qr !< |
---|
1882 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_nr !< |
---|
1883 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_qr !< |
---|
1884 | |
---|
1885 | ! |
---|
1886 | !-- Compute velocities |
---|
1887 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1888 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1889 | ! |
---|
1890 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
1891 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1892 | ! |
---|
1893 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
---|
1894 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1895 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
---|
1896 | ! |
---|
1897 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1898 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1899 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
---|
1900 | |
---|
1901 | w_nr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
---|
1902 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
1903 | c_term / lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
---|
1904 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) ) & |
---|
1905 | ) & |
---|
1906 | ) |
---|
1907 | w_qr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
---|
1908 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
1909 | c_term / lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
---|
1910 | ( mu_r + 4.0_wp ) ) & |
---|
1911 | ) & |
---|
1912 | ) |
---|
1913 | ELSE |
---|
1914 | w_nr(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1915 | w_qr(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1916 | ENDIF |
---|
1917 | ENDDO |
---|
1918 | ! |
---|
1919 | !-- Adjust boundary values |
---|
1920 | w_nr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)) = w_nr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1) |
---|
1921 | w_qr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)) = w_qr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1) |
---|
1922 | w_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1923 | w_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1924 | ! |
---|
1925 | !-- Compute Courant number |
---|
1926 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1927 | c_nr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_nr(k-1) + 2.0_wp * w_nr(k) + w_nr(k+1) ) * & |
---|
1928 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) |
---|
1929 | c_qr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_qr(k-1) + 2.0_wp * w_qr(k) + w_qr(k+1) ) * & |
---|
1930 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) |
---|
1931 | ENDDO |
---|
1932 | ! |
---|
1933 | !-- Limit slopes with monotonized centered (MC) limiter (van Leer, 1977): |
---|
1934 | IF ( limiter_sedimentation ) THEN |
---|
1935 | |
---|
1936 | DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzt |
---|
1937 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( qr_1d(k+1) - qr_1d(k-1) ) |
---|
1938 | d_min = qr_1d(k) - MIN( qr_1d(k+1), qr_1d(k), qr_1d(k-1) ) |
---|
1939 | d_max = MAX( qr_1d(k+1), qr_1d(k), qr_1d(k-1) ) - qr_1d(k) |
---|
1940 | |
---|
1941 | qr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
---|
1942 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
---|
1943 | ABS( d_mean ) ) |
---|
1944 | |
---|
1945 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( nr_1d(k+1) - nr_1d(k-1) ) |
---|
1946 | d_min = nr_1d(k) - MIN( nr_1d(k+1), nr_1d(k), nr_1d(k-1) ) |
---|
1947 | d_max = MAX( nr_1d(k+1), nr_1d(k), nr_1d(k-1) ) - nr_1d(k) |
---|
1948 | |
---|
1949 | nr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
---|
1950 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
---|
1951 | ABS( d_mean ) ) |
---|
1952 | ENDDO |
---|
1953 | |
---|
1954 | ELSE |
---|
1955 | |
---|
1956 | nr_slope = 0.0_wp |
---|
1957 | qr_slope = 0.0_wp |
---|
1958 | |
---|
1959 | ENDIF |
---|
1960 | |
---|
1961 | sed_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1962 | sed_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1963 | ! |
---|
1964 | !-- Compute sedimentation flux |
---|
1965 | DO k = nzt, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, -1 |
---|
1966 | ! |
---|
1967 | !-- Sum up all rain drop number densities which contribute to the flux |
---|
1968 | !-- through k-1/2 |
---|
1969 | flux = 0.0_wp |
---|
1970 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
---|
1971 | k_run = k |
---|
1972 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k) ) |
---|
1973 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
---|
1974 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
---|
1975 | ( nr_1d(k_run) + nr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
---|
1976 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) |
---|
1977 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) |
---|
1978 | k_run = k_run + 1 |
---|
1979 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) |
---|
1980 | ENDDO |
---|
1981 | ! |
---|
1982 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain drop number density than |
---|
1983 | !-- available |
---|
1984 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
---|
1985 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * nr_1d(k) + sed_nr(k+1) * dt_micro ) |
---|
1986 | |
---|
1987 | sed_nr(k) = flux / dt_micro |
---|
1988 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + ( sed_nr(k+1) - sed_nr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
1989 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
1990 | ! |
---|
1991 | !-- Sum up all rain water content which contributes to the flux |
---|
1992 | !-- through k-1/2 |
---|
1993 | flux = 0.0_wp |
---|
1994 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
---|
1995 | k_run = k |
---|
1996 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k) ) |
---|
1997 | |
---|
1998 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
---|
1999 | |
---|
2000 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
---|
2001 | ( qr_1d(k_run) + qr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
---|
2002 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) |
---|
2003 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) |
---|
2004 | k_run = k_run + 1 |
---|
2005 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) |
---|
2006 | |
---|
2007 | ENDDO |
---|
2008 | ! |
---|
2009 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain water content than available |
---|
2010 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
---|
2011 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k) * qr_1d(k) + sed_qr(k+1) * dt_micro ) |
---|
2012 | |
---|
2013 | sed_qr(k) = flux / dt_micro |
---|
2014 | |
---|
2015 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
2016 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
2017 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
2018 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro |
---|
2019 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) - ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
2020 | hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro |
---|
2021 | ! |
---|
2022 | !-- Compute the rain rate |
---|
2023 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
2024 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) & |
---|
2025 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) |
---|
2026 | ELSE |
---|
2027 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) |
---|
2028 | ENDIF |
---|
2029 | |
---|
2030 | ENDDO |
---|
2031 | |
---|
2032 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain_ij |
---|
2033 | |
---|
2034 | |
---|
2035 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2036 | ! Description: |
---|
2037 | ! ------------ |
---|
2038 | !> This subroutine computes the precipitation amount due to gravitational |
---|
2039 | !> settling of rain and cloud (fog) droplets |
---|
2040 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2041 | SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2042 | |
---|
2043 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2044 | ONLY: hyrho, precipitation_amount, prr |
---|
2045 | |
---|
2046 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
2047 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d, & |
---|
2048 | intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max,& |
---|
2049 | precipitation_amount_interval, time_do2d_xy |
---|
2050 | |
---|
2051 | USE indices, & |
---|
2052 | ONLY: nzb_s_inner |
---|
2053 | |
---|
2054 | USE kinds |
---|
2055 | |
---|
2056 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2057 | |
---|
2058 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: |
---|
2059 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: |
---|
2060 | |
---|
2061 | |
---|
2062 | IF ( ( dt_do2d_xy - time_do2d_xy ) < precipitation_amount_interval .AND.& |
---|
2063 | ( .NOT. call_microphysics_at_all_substeps .OR. & |
---|
2064 | intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) ) & |
---|
2065 | THEN |
---|
2066 | |
---|
2067 | precipitation_amount(j,i) = precipitation_amount(j,i) + & |
---|
2068 | prr(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) * & |
---|
2069 | hyrho(nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1) * dt_3d |
---|
2070 | ENDIF |
---|
2071 | |
---|
2072 | END SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount_ij |
---|
2073 | |
---|
2074 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2075 | ! Description: |
---|
2076 | ! ------------ |
---|
2077 | !> This function computes the gamma function (Press et al., 1992). |
---|
2078 | !> The gamma function is needed for the calculation of the evaporation |
---|
2079 | !> of rain drops. |
---|
2080 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2081 | FUNCTION gamm( xx ) |
---|
2082 | |
---|
2083 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2084 | ONLY: cof, stp |
---|
2085 | |
---|
2086 | USE kinds |
---|
2087 | |
---|
2088 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2089 | |
---|
2090 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2091 | |
---|
2092 | REAL(wp) :: gamm !< |
---|
2093 | REAL(wp) :: ser !< |
---|
2094 | REAL(wp) :: tmp !< |
---|
2095 | REAL(wp) :: x_gamm !< |
---|
2096 | REAL(wp) :: xx !< |
---|
2097 | REAL(wp) :: y_gamm !< |
---|
2098 | |
---|
2099 | x_gamm = xx |
---|
2100 | y_gamm = x_gamm |
---|
2101 | tmp = x_gamm + 5.5_wp |
---|
2102 | tmp = ( x_gamm + 0.5_wp ) * LOG( tmp ) - tmp |
---|
2103 | ser = 1.000000000190015_wp |
---|
2104 | |
---|
2105 | DO j = 1, 6 |
---|
2106 | y_gamm = y_gamm + 1.0_wp |
---|
2107 | ser = ser + cof( j ) / y_gamm |
---|
2108 | ENDDO |
---|
2109 | |
---|
2110 | ! |
---|
2111 | !-- Until this point the algorithm computes the logarithm of the gamma |
---|
2112 | !-- function. Hence, the exponential function is used. |
---|
2113 | ! gamm = EXP( tmp + LOG( stp * ser / x_gamm ) ) |
---|
2114 | gamm = EXP( tmp ) * stp * ser / x_gamm |
---|
2115 | |
---|
2116 | RETURN |
---|
2117 | |
---|
2118 | END FUNCTION gamm |
---|
2119 | |
---|
2120 | END MODULE microphysics_mod |
---|