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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3358

Last change on this file since 3358 was 3294, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
modularization of the ocean code
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3294 2018-10-01 02:37:10Z knoop $
27	! ocean renamed ocean_mode
28	!
29	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
30	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
31	!
32	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
33	! unused variables removed
34	!
35	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
36	! dz was replaced by dzw or dz(1) to allow for right vertical stretching
37	!
38	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
39	! Error messages revised
40	!
41	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
42	! Error message revised
43	!
44	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
45	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
46	!
47	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
48	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
49	!
50	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
51	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
52	!
53	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
54	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
55	!
56	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
57	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
58	!
59	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
60	! Changes from last commit documented
61	!
62	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
63	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
64	!
65	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
66	! Change in file header (GPL part)
67	!
68	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
69	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
70	!
71	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
72	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
73	!
74	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
75	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
76	! with scalar grid point of same index.
77	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
78	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
79	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
80	!
81	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
82	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
83	!
84	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
85	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
86	!
87	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
88	! Get topography top index via Function call
89	!
90	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
91	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
92	!
93	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
94	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
95	!
96	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
97	! Changed error messages
98	!
99	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
100	! Unused variables removed.
101	!
102	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
103	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
104	!
105	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
106	!
107	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
108	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
109	!
110	!
111	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
112	! Add check for particle release at model top
113	!
114	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
115	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
116	!
117	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
118	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
119	! Calculation of particle ID
120	!
121	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
122	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
123	!
124	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
125	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
126	! seed_follows_topography.
127	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
128	! than one grid length.
129	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
130	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
131	!
132	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
133	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
134	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
135	! initialization.
136	!
137	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
138	! Module renamed (removed _mod
139	!
140	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
141	! Initialization of aerosols added.
142	!
143	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
144	! Module renamed
145	!
146	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
147	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
148	!
149	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
150	! Unused variables removed.
151	!
152	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
153	! netcdf module added
154	!
155	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
156	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
157	! used.
158	!
159	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
160	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
161	!
162	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
163	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
164	!
165	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
166	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
167	!
168	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
169	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
170	!
171	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
172	! New particle structure integrated.
173	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
174	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
175	!
176	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
177	! -netcdf_output
178	!
179	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
180	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
181	!
182	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
183	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
184	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
185	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
186	! revision history before 2012 removed,
187	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
188	! all variable declaration statements
189	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
190	!
191	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
192	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
193	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
194	!
195	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
196	! unused variables removed
197	!
198	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
199	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
200	!
201	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
202	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
203	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
204	! advec_particles),
205	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
206	!
207	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
208	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
209	!
210	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
211	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
212	! array particles implemented as pointer
213	!
214	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
215	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
216	! of arrays.
217	!
218	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
219	! Initial revision
220	!
221	!
222	! Description:
223	! ------------
224	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
225	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
226	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
227	MODULE lpm_init_mod
228
229	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
230
231	USE arrays_3d, &
232	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
233
234	USE control_parameters, &
235	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
236	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean_mode, &
237	simulated_time
238
239	USE grid_variables, &
240	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
241
242	USE indices, &
243	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
244	nzt, wall_flags_0
245
246	USE kinds
247
248	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
249	ONLY: init_kernels
250
251	USE netcdf_interface, &
252	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
253
254	USE particle_attributes, &
255	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
256	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
257	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
258	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
259	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
260	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
261	number_concentration, &
262	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
263	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
264	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
265	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
266	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
267	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
268	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
269	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
270	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
271	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
272	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
273
274	USE pegrid
275
276	USE random_function_mod, &
277	ONLY: random_function
278
279	USE surface_mod, &
280	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
281
282	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
283	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
284
285	IMPLICIT NONE
286
287	PRIVATE
288
289	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
290	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
291
292	INTERFACE lpm_init
293	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
294	END INTERFACE lpm_init
295
296	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
297	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
298	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
299
300	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
301
302	CONTAINS
303
304	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
305	! Description:
306	! ------------
307	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
308	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
309	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
310
311	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
312	ONLY: init_kernels
313
314	USE pmc_interface, &
315	ONLY: nested_run
316
317	IMPLICIT NONE
318
319	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
320	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
321	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
322
323	REAL(wp) :: div !<
324	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
325	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
326	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
327	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
328
329
330	!
331	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
332	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
333	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
334	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
335	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
336	ENDIF
337
338	!
339	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
340	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
341	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
342	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
343	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
344	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
345	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
346	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
347	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
348	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
349	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
350	!
351	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
352	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
353	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
354	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
355	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
356	max_number_of_particle_groups
357	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
358	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
359	ENDIF
360	!
361	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
362	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
363	!-- propably (not realized so far).
364	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
365	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
366	'with particles'
367	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
368
369	ENDIF
370
371	!
372	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
373	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
374	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
375	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
376	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
377	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
378	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
379
380	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
381	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
382	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
383
384	!
385	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
386	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
387	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
388	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
389	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
390	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
391	!
392	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
393	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
394	div = 1000.0_wp
395	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
396	div = div / 10.0_wp
397	ENDDO
398	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
399	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
400	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
401
402	ENDIF
403
404	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
405	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
406	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
407	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
408	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
409	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
410	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
411	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
412	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
413	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
414	ENDDO
415
416	!
417	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
418	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
419	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
420	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
421	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
422	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
423
424	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
425	ENDIF
426
427	!
428	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
429	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
430	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
431	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
432	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
433	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
434	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
435	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
436
437	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
438	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
439
440	!
441	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
442	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
443	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
444	!-- negligible.
445	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
446	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
447	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
448
449	#if defined( __parallel )
450	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
451	comm2d, ierr )
452	#else
453	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
454	#endif
455
456	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
457	!
458	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
459	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
460	!
461	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
462	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
463	!
464	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
465	height_p = z0_av_global
466	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
467
468	height_p = height_p + height_int
469	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
470
471	ENDDO
472
473	ENDIF
474
475	!
476	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
477	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
478
479	CASE ( 'absorb' )
480	ibc_par_b = 1
481
482	CASE ( 'reflect' )
483	ibc_par_b = 2
484
485	CASE DEFAULT
486	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
487	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
488	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
489
490	END SELECT
491	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
492
493	CASE ( 'absorb' )
494	ibc_par_t = 1
495
496	CASE ( 'reflect' )
497	ibc_par_t = 2
498
499	CASE ( 'nested' )
500	ibc_par_t = 3
501
502	CASE DEFAULT
503	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
504	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
505	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
506
507	END SELECT
508	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
509
510	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
511	ibc_par_lr = 0
512
513	CASE ( 'absorb' )
514	ibc_par_lr = 1
515
516	CASE ( 'reflect' )
517	ibc_par_lr = 2
518
519	CASE ( 'nested' )
520	ibc_par_lr = 3
521
522	CASE DEFAULT
523	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
524	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
525	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
526
527	END SELECT
528	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
529
530	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
531	ibc_par_ns = 0
532
533	CASE ( 'absorb' )
534	ibc_par_ns = 1
535
536	CASE ( 'reflect' )
537	ibc_par_ns = 2
538
539	CASE ( 'nested' )
540	ibc_par_ns = 3
541
542	CASE DEFAULT
543	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
544	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
545	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
546
547	END SELECT
548	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
549
550	CASE ( 'const' )
551	i_splitting_mode = 1
552
553	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
554	i_splitting_mode = 2
555
556	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
557	i_splitting_mode = 3
558
559	CASE DEFAULT
560	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
561	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
562	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
563
564	END SELECT
565	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
566
567	CASE ( 'gamma' )
568	isf = 1
569
570	CASE ( 'log' )
571	isf = 2
572
573	CASE ( 'exp' )
574	isf = 3
575
576	CASE DEFAULT
577	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
578	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
579	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
580
581	END SELECT
582
583
584	!
585	!-- Initialize collision kernels
586	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
587
588	!
589	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
590	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
591	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
592	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
593
594	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
595
596	ELSE
597
598	!
599	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
600	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
601	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
602	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
603
604	number_of_particles = 0
605
606	sort_count = 0
607	prt_count = 0
608
609	!
610	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
611	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
612
613	!
614	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
615	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
616	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
617	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
618	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
619	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
620	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
621	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
622
623	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
624
625	!
626	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
627	!-- groups, if necessary
628	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
629	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
630	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
631	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
632	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
633	ENDIF
634	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
635	ENDDO
636
637	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
638	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
639	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
640	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
641	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
642	ENDIF
643	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
644	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
645	ENDDO
646
647	!
648	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
649	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
650	!-- different on the different PEs.
651	iran_part = iran_part + myid
652
653	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
654	!
655	!-- User modification of initial particles
656	CALL user_lpm_init
657
658	!
659	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
660	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
661	CALL check_open( 80 )
662	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
663	number_of_particles
664	CALL close_file( 80 )
665	ENDIF
666
667	ENDIF
668
669	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
670
671	!
672	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
673	!-- first grid cell
674	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
675	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
676	!
677	!-- Formats
678	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
679
680	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
681
682	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
683	! Description:
684	! ------------
685	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
686	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
687	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
688
689	USE arrays_3d, &
690	ONLY: zw
691	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
692	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
693
694	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
695	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
696
697	USE particle_attributes, &
698	ONLY: deleted_particles
699
700	IMPLICIT NONE
701
702	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
703	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
704	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
705	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
706	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
707	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
708	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
709	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
710	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
711	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
712	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
713
714	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
715
716	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
717	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
718
719	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
720
721	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
722	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
723	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
724	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
725
726	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
727
728	!
729	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
730	!-- particle is situated on this PE
731	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
732	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
733	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
734	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
735	ELSE
736	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
737	ENDIF
738
739	!
740	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
741	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
742	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
743	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
744	END IF
745
746	n = 0
747	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
748
749	pos_z = psb(i)
750
751	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
752
753	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
754
755
756	pos_y = pss(i)
757
758	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
759
760	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
761	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
762
763	pos_x = psl(i)
764
765	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
766
767	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
768	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
769
770	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
771
772
773	n = n + 1
774	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
775	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
776	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
777	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
778	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
779	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
780	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
781	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
782	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
783	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
784	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
785	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
786	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
787	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
788	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
789	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
790	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
791	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
792	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
793	ELSE
794	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
795	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
796	ENDIF
797	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
798	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
799	tmp_particle%class = 1
800	tmp_particle%group = i
801	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
802	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
803	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
804	!
805	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
806	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
807	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
808	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
809	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
810	kp = kp + 1
811	ENDDO
812	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
813	kp = kp - 1
814	ENDDO
815	!
816	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
817	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
818	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
819
820	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
821	!
822	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
823	kp = kp + k_surf
824	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
825	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
826	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
827	!-- of overhanging structures.
828	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
829	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
830	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
831	CYCLE xloop
832	ENDIF
833	!
834	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
835	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
836	!-- of overhanging structures.
837	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
838	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
839	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
840	THEN
841	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
842	CYCLE xloop
843	ENDIF
844
845	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
846
847	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
848	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
849	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
850	ENDIF
851	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
852	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
853	ENDIF
854	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
855
856	ENDIF
857	ENDDO
858
859	ENDIF
860
861	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
862
863	ENDDO xloop
864
865	ENDIF
866
867	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
868
869	ENDDO
870
871	ENDIF
872
873	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
874
875	ENDDO
876
877	ENDDO
878
879	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
880	DO ip = nxl, nxr
881	DO jp = nys, nyn
882	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
883	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
884	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
885	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
886	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
887	min_nr_particle )
888	ELSE
889	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
890	ENDIF
891	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
892	DO n = 1, alloc_size
893	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
894	ENDDO
895	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
896	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
897	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
898	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
899	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
900	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
901	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
902	ENDIF
903	ENDIF
904	ENDIF
905	ENDDO
906	ENDDO
907	ENDDO
908	ENDIF
909
910	ENDDO
911
912
913
914	local_start = prt_count+1
915	prt_count = local_count
916
917	!
918	!-- Calculate particle IDs
919	DO ip = nxl, nxr
920	DO jp = nys, nyn
921	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
922	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
923	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
924	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
925
926	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
927
928	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
929	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
930	!
931	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
932	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
933	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
934
935	ENDDO
936
937	ENDDO
938	ENDDO
939	ENDDO
940
941	!
942	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
943	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
944	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
945	ENDIF
946
947	!
948	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
949	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
950	DO ip = nxl, nxr
951	DO jp = nys, nyn
952	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
953	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
954	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
955	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
956	!
957	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
958	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
959	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
960	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
961	!-- respectively.
962	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
963	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
964	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
965	pdx(particles(n)%group)
966	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
967	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
968	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
969	)
970	ENDIF
971	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
972	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
973	pdy(particles(n)%group)
974	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
975	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
976	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
977	)
978	ENDIF
979	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
980	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
981	pdz(particles(n)%group)
982	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
983	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dzw(kp), rand_contr ), &
984	ABS( rand_contr ) < dzw(kp) &
985	)
986	ENDIF
987	ENDDO
988	!
989	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
990	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
991	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
992	!
993	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
994	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
995	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
996	particles => &
997	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
998	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
999	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
1000	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
1001	k = particles(n)%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
1002	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
1003	k = k + 1
1004	ENDDO
1005	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
1006	k = k - 1
1007	ENDDO
1008	!
1009	!-- Check if particle is within topography
1010	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
1011	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1012	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
1013	ENDIF
1014
1015	ENDDO
1016	ENDDO
1017	ENDDO
1018	ENDDO
1019	!
1020	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
1021	CALL lpm_move_particle
1022	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
1023
1024	ENDIF
1025	!
1026	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
1027	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
1028	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
1029	!-- position.
1030	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
1031
1032	!
1033	!-- Determine the current number of particles
1034	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1035	DO jp = nys, nyn
1036	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1037	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
1038	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1039	ENDDO
1040	ENDDO
1041	ENDDO
1042	!
1043	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
1044	#if defined( __parallel )
1045	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1046	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
1047	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1048	#else
1049	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
1050	#endif
1051
1052	RETURN
1053
1054	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
1055
1056	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
1057
1058	USE arrays_3d, &
1059	ONLY: hyp, pt, q, exner
1060
1061	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
1062	ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, magnus, &
1063	pi, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
1064
1065	USE kinds
1066
1067	USE particle_attributes, &
1068	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1069
1070	IMPLICIT NONE
1071
1072	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1073	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1074	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1075	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1076	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1077	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1078	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1079	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1080	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1081	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1082	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1083	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1084
1085	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1086
1087	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1088	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1089	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1090	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1091
1092	!
1093	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1094	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1095	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1096	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1097	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1098	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1099	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1100	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1101	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1102	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1103	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1104	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1105	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1106	ELSE
1107	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1108	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1109	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1110	ENDIF
1111	!
1112	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1113	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1114	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1115	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1116	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1117	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1118	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1119	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1120	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1121	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1122	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1123	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1124	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1125	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1126	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1127	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1128	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1129	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1130	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1131	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1132	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1133	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1134	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1135	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1136	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1137	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1138	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1139	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1140	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1141	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1142	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1143	CONTINUE
1144	ELSE
1145	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1146	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1147	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1148	ENDIF
1149
1150	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1151	DO jp = nys, nyn
1152	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1153
1154	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1155	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1156	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1157
1158	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1159	!
1160	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1161	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1162	!-- weighting factor
1163	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1164
1165	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1166	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1167	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1168
1169	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1170	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1171	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1172	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1173	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1174	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1175	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1176	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1177	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
1178
1179	!
1180	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1181	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1182	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1183
1184	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1185	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1186	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1187	ELSE
1188	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1189	ENDIF
1190	!
1191	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1192	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1193
1194	ENDDO
1195	!
1196	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1197	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1198	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1199	!-- the simulation.
1200	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * exner(kp)
1201
1202	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1203	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1204
1205	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1206	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1207
1208	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1209	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1210	!
1211	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1212	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1213	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1214
1215	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1216	!
1217	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1218	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1219	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1220	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1221	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1222	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1223	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1224	)
1225
1226	ENDDO
1227
1228	ENDDO
1229	ENDDO
1230	ENDDO
1231
1232	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1233
1234	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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