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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3270

Last change on this file since 3270 was 3241, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
various changes to avoid compiler warnings (mainly removal of unused variables)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 47.5 KB

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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch $
27	! unused variables removed
28	!
29	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
30	! dz was replaced by dzw or dz(1) to allow for right vertical stretching
31	!
32	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
33	! Error messages revised
34	!
35	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
36	! Error message revised
37	!
38	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
39	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
40	!
41	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
42	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
43	!
44	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
45	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
46	!
47	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
48	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
49	!
50	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
51	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
52	!
53	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
54	! Changes from last commit documented
55	!
56	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
57	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
58	!
59	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
60	! Change in file header (GPL part)
61	!
62	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
63	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
64	!
65	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
66	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
67	!
68	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
69	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
70	! with scalar grid point of same index.
71	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
72	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
73	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
74	!
75	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
76	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
77	!
78	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
79	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
80	!
81	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
82	! Get topography top index via Function call
83	!
84	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
85	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
86	!
87	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
88	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
89	!
90	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
91	! Changed error messages
92	!
93	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
94	! Unused variables removed.
95	!
96	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
97	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
98	!
99	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
100	!
101	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
102	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
103	!
104	!
105	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
106	! Add check for particle release at model top
107	!
108	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
109	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
110	!
111	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
112	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
113	! Calculation of particle ID
114	!
115	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
116	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
117	!
118	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
119	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
120	! seed_follows_topography.
121	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
122	! than one grid length.
123	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
124	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
125	!
126	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
127	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
128	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
129	! initialization.
130	!
131	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
132	! Module renamed (removed _mod
133	!
134	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
135	! Initialization of aerosols added.
136	!
137	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
138	! Module renamed
139	!
140	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
141	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
142	!
143	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
144	! Unused variables removed.
145	!
146	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
147	! netcdf module added
148	!
149	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
150	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
151	! used.
152	!
153	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
154	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
155	!
156	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
157	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
158	!
159	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
160	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
161	!
162	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
163	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
164	!
165	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
166	! New particle structure integrated.
167	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
168	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
169	!
170	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
171	! -netcdf_output
172	!
173	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
174	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
175	!
176	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
177	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
178	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
179	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
180	! revision history before 2012 removed,
181	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
182	! all variable declaration statements
183	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
184	!
185	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
186	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
187	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
188	!
189	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
190	! unused variables removed
191	!
192	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
193	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
194	!
195	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
196	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
197	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
198	! advec_particles),
199	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
200	!
201	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
202	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
203	!
204	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
205	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
206	! array particles implemented as pointer
207	!
208	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
209	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
210	! of arrays.
211	!
212	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
213	! Initial revision
214	!
215	!
216	! Description:
217	! ------------
218	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
219	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
220	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
221	MODULE lpm_init_mod
222
223	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
224
225	USE arrays_3d, &
226	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
227
228	USE control_parameters, &
229	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
230	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
231	simulated_time
232
233	USE grid_variables, &
234	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
235
236	USE indices, &
237	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
238	nzt, wall_flags_0
239
240	USE kinds
241
242	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
243	ONLY: init_kernels
244
245	USE netcdf_interface, &
246	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
247
248	USE particle_attributes, &
249	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
250	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
251	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
252	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
253	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
254	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
255	number_concentration, &
256	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
257	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
258	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
259	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
260	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
261	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
262	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
263	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
264	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
265	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
266	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
267
268	USE pegrid
269
270	USE random_function_mod, &
271	ONLY: random_function
272
273	USE surface_mod, &
274	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
275
276	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
277	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
278
279	IMPLICIT NONE
280
281	PRIVATE
282
283	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
284	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
285
286	INTERFACE lpm_init
287	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
288	END INTERFACE lpm_init
289
290	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
291	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
292	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
293
294	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
295
296	CONTAINS
297
298	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
299	! Description:
300	! ------------
301	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
302	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
303	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
304
305	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
306	ONLY: init_kernels
307
308	USE pmc_interface, &
309	ONLY: nested_run
310
311	IMPLICIT NONE
312
313	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
314	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
315	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
316
317	REAL(wp) :: div !<
318	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
319	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
320	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
321	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
322
323
324	!
325	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
326	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
327	IF ( ocean ) THEN
328	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
329	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
330	ENDIF
331
332	!
333	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
334	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
335	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
336	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
337	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
338	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
339	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
340	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
341	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
342	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
343	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
344	!
345	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
346	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
347	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
348	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
349	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
350	max_number_of_particle_groups
351	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
352	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
353	ENDIF
354	!
355	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
356	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
357	!-- propably (not realized so far).
358	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
359	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
360	'with particles'
361	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
362
363	ENDIF
364
365	!
366	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
367	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
368	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
369	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
370	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
371	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
372	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
373
374	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
375	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
376	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
377
378	!
379	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
380	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
381	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
382	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
383	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
384	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
385	!
386	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
387	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
388	div = 1000.0_wp
389	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
390	div = div / 10.0_wp
391	ENDDO
392	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
393	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
394	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
395
396	ENDIF
397
398	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
399	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
400	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
401	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
402	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
403	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
404	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
405	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
406	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
407	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
408	ENDDO
409
410	!
411	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
412	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
413	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
414	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
415	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
416	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
417
418	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
419	ENDIF
420
421	!
422	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
423	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
424	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
425	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
426	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
427	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
428	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
429	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
430
431	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
432	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
433
434	!
435	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
436	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
437	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
438	!-- negligible.
439	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
440	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
441	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
442
443	#if defined( __parallel )
444	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
445	comm2d, ierr )
446	#else
447	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
448	#endif
449
450	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
451	!
452	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
453	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
454	!
455	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
456	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
457	!
458	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
459	height_p = z0_av_global
460	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
461
462	height_p = height_p + height_int
463	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
464
465	ENDDO
466
467	ENDIF
468
469	!
470	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
471	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
472
473	CASE ( 'absorb' )
474	ibc_par_b = 1
475
476	CASE ( 'reflect' )
477	ibc_par_b = 2
478
479	CASE DEFAULT
480	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
481	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
482	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
483
484	END SELECT
485	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
486
487	CASE ( 'absorb' )
488	ibc_par_t = 1
489
490	CASE ( 'reflect' )
491	ibc_par_t = 2
492
493	CASE ( 'nested' )
494	ibc_par_t = 3
495
496	CASE DEFAULT
497	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
498	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
499	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
500
501	END SELECT
502	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
503
504	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
505	ibc_par_lr = 0
506
507	CASE ( 'absorb' )
508	ibc_par_lr = 1
509
510	CASE ( 'reflect' )
511	ibc_par_lr = 2
512
513	CASE ( 'nested' )
514	ibc_par_lr = 3
515
516	CASE DEFAULT
517	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
518	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
519	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
520
521	END SELECT
522	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
523
524	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
525	ibc_par_ns = 0
526
527	CASE ( 'absorb' )
528	ibc_par_ns = 1
529
530	CASE ( 'reflect' )
531	ibc_par_ns = 2
532
533	CASE ( 'nested' )
534	ibc_par_ns = 3
535
536	CASE DEFAULT
537	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
538	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
539	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
540
541	END SELECT
542	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
543
544	CASE ( 'const' )
545	i_splitting_mode = 1
546
547	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
548	i_splitting_mode = 2
549
550	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
551	i_splitting_mode = 3
552
553	CASE DEFAULT
554	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
555	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
556	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
557
558	END SELECT
559	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
560
561	CASE ( 'gamma' )
562	isf = 1
563
564	CASE ( 'log' )
565	isf = 2
566
567	CASE ( 'exp' )
568	isf = 3
569
570	CASE DEFAULT
571	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
572	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
573	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
574
575	END SELECT
576
577
578	!
579	!-- Initialize collision kernels
580	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
581
582	!
583	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
584	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
585	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
586	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
587
588	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
589
590	ELSE
591
592	!
593	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
594	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
595	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
596	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
597
598	number_of_particles = 0
599
600	sort_count = 0
601	prt_count = 0
602
603	!
604	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
605	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
606
607	!
608	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
609	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
610	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
611	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
612	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
613	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
614	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
615	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
616
617	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
618
619	!
620	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
621	!-- groups, if necessary
622	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
623	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
624	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
625	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
626	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
627	ENDIF
628	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
629	ENDDO
630
631	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
632	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
633	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
634	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
635	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
636	ENDIF
637	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
638	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
639	ENDDO
640
641	!
642	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
643	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
644	!-- different on the different PEs.
645	iran_part = iran_part + myid
646
647	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
648	!
649	!-- User modification of initial particles
650	CALL user_lpm_init
651
652	!
653	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
654	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
655	CALL check_open( 80 )
656	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
657	number_of_particles
658	CALL close_file( 80 )
659	ENDIF
660
661	ENDIF
662
663	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
664
665	!
666	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
667	!-- first grid cell
668	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
669	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
670	!
671	!-- Formats
672	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
673
674	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
675
676	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
677	! Description:
678	! ------------
679	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
680	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
681	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
682
683	USE arrays_3d, &
684	ONLY: zw
685	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
686	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
687
688	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
689	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
690
691	USE particle_attributes, &
692	ONLY: deleted_particles
693
694	IMPLICIT NONE
695
696	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
697	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
698	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
699	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
700	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
701	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
702	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
703	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
704	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
705	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
706	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
707
708	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
709
710	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
711	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
712
713	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
714
715	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
716	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
717	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
718	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
719
720	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
721
722	!
723	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
724	!-- particle is situated on this PE
725	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
726	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
727	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
728	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
729	ELSE
730	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
731	ENDIF
732
733	!
734	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
735	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
736	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
737	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
738	END IF
739
740	n = 0
741	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
742
743	pos_z = psb(i)
744
745	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
746
747	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
748
749
750	pos_y = pss(i)
751
752	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
753
754	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
755	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
756
757	pos_x = psl(i)
758
759	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
760
761	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
762	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
763
764	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
765
766
767	n = n + 1
768	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
769	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
770	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
771	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
772	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
773	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
774	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
775	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
776	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
777	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
778	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
779	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
780	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
781	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
782	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
783	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
784	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
785	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
786	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
787	ELSE
788	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
789	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
790	ENDIF
791	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
792	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
793	tmp_particle%class = 1
794	tmp_particle%group = i
795	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
796	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
797	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
798	!
799	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
800	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
801	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
802	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
803	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
804	kp = kp + 1
805	ENDDO
806	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
807	kp = kp - 1
808	ENDDO
809	!
810	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
811	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
812	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
813
814	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
815	!
816	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
817	kp = kp + k_surf
818	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
819	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
820	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
821	!-- of overhanging structures.
822	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
823	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
824	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
825	CYCLE xloop
826	ENDIF
827	!
828	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
829	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
830	!-- of overhanging structures.
831	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
832	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
833	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
834	THEN
835	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
836	CYCLE xloop
837	ENDIF
838
839	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
840
841	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
842	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
843	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
844	ENDIF
845	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
846	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
847	ENDIF
848	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
849
850	ENDIF
851	ENDDO
852
853	ENDIF
854
855	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
856
857	ENDDO xloop
858
859	ENDIF
860
861	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
862
863	ENDDO
864
865	ENDIF
866
867	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
868
869	ENDDO
870
871	ENDDO
872
873	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
874	DO ip = nxl, nxr
875	DO jp = nys, nyn
876	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
877	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
878	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
879	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
880	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
881	min_nr_particle )
882	ELSE
883	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
884	ENDIF
885	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
886	DO n = 1, alloc_size
887	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
888	ENDDO
889	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
890	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
891	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
892	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
893	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
894	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
895	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
896	ENDIF
897	ENDIF
898	ENDIF
899	ENDDO
900	ENDDO
901	ENDDO
902	ENDIF
903
904	ENDDO
905
906
907
908	local_start = prt_count+1
909	prt_count = local_count
910
911	!
912	!-- Calculate particle IDs
913	DO ip = nxl, nxr
914	DO jp = nys, nyn
915	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
916	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
917	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
918	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
919
920	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
921
922	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
923	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
924	!
925	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
926	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
927	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
928
929	ENDDO
930
931	ENDDO
932	ENDDO
933	ENDDO
934
935	!
936	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
937	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
938	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
939	ENDIF
940
941	!
942	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
943	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
944	DO ip = nxl, nxr
945	DO jp = nys, nyn
946	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
947	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
948	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
949	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
950	!
951	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
952	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
953	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
954	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
955	!-- respectively.
956	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
957	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
958	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
959	pdx(particles(n)%group)
960	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
961	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
962	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
963	)
964	ENDIF
965	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
966	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
967	pdy(particles(n)%group)
968	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
969	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
970	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
971	)
972	ENDIF
973	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
974	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
975	pdz(particles(n)%group)
976	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
977	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dzw(kp), rand_contr ), &
978	ABS( rand_contr ) < dzw(kp) &
979	)
980	ENDIF
981	ENDDO
982	!
983	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
984	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
985	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
986	!
987	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
988	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
989	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
990	particles => &
991	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
992	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
993	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
994	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
995	k = particles(n)%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
996	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
997	k = k + 1
998	ENDDO
999	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
1000	k = k - 1
1001	ENDDO
1002	!
1003	!-- Check if particle is within topography
1004	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
1005	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1006	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
1007	ENDIF
1008
1009	ENDDO
1010	ENDDO
1011	ENDDO
1012	ENDDO
1013	!
1014	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
1015	CALL lpm_move_particle
1016	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
1017
1018	ENDIF
1019	!
1020	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
1021	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
1022	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
1023	!-- position.
1024	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
1025
1026	!
1027	!-- Determine the current number of particles
1028	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1029	DO jp = nys, nyn
1030	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1031	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
1032	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1033	ENDDO
1034	ENDDO
1035	ENDDO
1036	!
1037	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
1038	#if defined( __parallel )
1039	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1040	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
1041	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1042	#else
1043	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
1044	#endif
1045
1046	RETURN
1047
1048	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
1049
1050	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
1051
1052	USE arrays_3d, &
1053	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
1054
1055	USE cloud_parameters, &
1056	ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, &
1057	r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
1058
1059	USE constants, &
1060	ONLY: pi
1061
1062	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
1063	ONLY: magnus
1064
1065
1066	USE kinds
1067
1068	USE particle_attributes, &
1069	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1070
1071	IMPLICIT NONE
1072
1073	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1074	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1075	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1076	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1077	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1078	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1079	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1080	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1081	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1082	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1083	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1084	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1085
1086	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1087
1088	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1089	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1090	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1091	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1092
1093	!
1094	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1095	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1096	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1097	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1098	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1099	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1100	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1101	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1102	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1103	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1104	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1105	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1106	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1107	ELSE
1108	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1109	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1110	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1111	ENDIF
1112	!
1113	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1114	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1115	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1116	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1117	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1118	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1119	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1120	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1121	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1122	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1123	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1124	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1125	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1126	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1127	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1128	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1129	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1130	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1131	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1132	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1133	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1134	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1135	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1136	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1137	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1138	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1139	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1140	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1141	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1142	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1143	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1144	CONTINUE
1145	ELSE
1146	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1147	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1148	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1149	ENDIF
1150
1151	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1152	DO jp = nys, nyn
1153	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1154
1155	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1156	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1157	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1158
1159	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1160	!
1161	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1162	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1163	!-- weighting factor
1164	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1165
1166	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1167	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1168	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1169
1170	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1171	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1172	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1173	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1174	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1175	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1176	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1177	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1178	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
1179
1180	!
1181	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1182	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1183	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1184
1185	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1186	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1187	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1188	ELSE
1189	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1190	ENDIF
1191	!
1192	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1193	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1194
1195	ENDDO
1196	!
1197	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1198	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1199	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1200	!-- the simulation.
1201	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1202
1203	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1204	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1205
1206	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1207	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1208
1209	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1210	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1211	!
1212	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1213	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1214	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1215
1216	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1217	!
1218	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1219	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1220	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1221	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1222	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1223	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1224	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1225	)
1226
1227	ENDDO
1228
1229	ENDDO
1230	ENDDO
1231	ENDDO
1232
1233	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1234
1235	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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