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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3053

Last change on this file since 3053 was 3049, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z suehring $
27	! Error messages revised
28	!
29	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
30	! Error message revised
31	!
32	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
33	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
34	!
35	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
36	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
37	!
38	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
39	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
40	!
41	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
42	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
43	!
44	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
45	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
46	!
47	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
48	! Changes from last commit documented
49	!
50	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
51	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
52	!
53	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
54	! Change in file header (GPL part)
55	!
56	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
57	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
58	!
59	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
60	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
61	!
62	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
63	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
64	! with scalar grid point of same index.
65	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
66	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
67	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
68	!
69	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
70	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
71	!
72	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
73	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
74	!
75	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
76	! Get topography top index via Function call
77	!
78	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
79	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
80	!
81	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
82	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
83	!
84	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
85	! Changed error messages
86	!
87	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
88	! Unused variables removed.
89	!
90	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
91	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
92	!
93	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
94	!
95	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
96	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
97	!
98	!
99	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
100	! Add check for particle release at model top
101	!
102	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
103	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
104	!
105	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
106	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
107	! Calculation of particle ID
108	!
109	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
110	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
111	!
112	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
113	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
114	! seed_follows_topography.
115	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
116	! than one grid length.
117	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
118	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
119	!
120	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
121	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
122	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
123	! initialization.
124	!
125	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
126	! Module renamed (removed _mod
127	!
128	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
129	! Initialization of aerosols added.
130	!
131	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
132	! Module renamed
133	!
134	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
135	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
136	!
137	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
138	! Unused variables removed.
139	!
140	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
141	! netcdf module added
142	!
143	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
144	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
145	! used.
146	!
147	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
148	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
149	!
150	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
151	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
152	!
153	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
154	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
155	!
156	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
157	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
158	!
159	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
160	! New particle structure integrated.
161	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
162	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
163	!
164	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
165	! -netcdf_output
166	!
167	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
168	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
169	!
170	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
171	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
172	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
173	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
174	! revision history before 2012 removed,
175	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
176	! all variable declaration statements
177	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
178	!
179	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
180	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
181	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
182	!
183	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
184	! unused variables removed
185	!
186	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
187	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
188	!
189	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
190	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
191	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
192	! advec_particles),
193	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
194	!
195	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
196	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
197	!
198	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
199	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
200	! array particles implemented as pointer
201	!
202	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
203	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
204	! of arrays.
205	!
206	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
207	! Initial revision
208	!
209	!
210	! Description:
211	! ------------
212	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
213	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
214	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
215	MODULE lpm_init_mod
216
217	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
218
219	USE arrays_3d, &
220	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
221
222	USE control_parameters, &
223	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
224	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
225	simulated_time
226
227	USE grid_variables, &
228	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
229
230	USE indices, &
231	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
232	nzt, wall_flags_0
233
234	USE kinds
235
236	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
237	ONLY: init_kernels
238
239	USE netcdf_interface, &
240	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
241
242	USE particle_attributes, &
243	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
244	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
245	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
246	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
247	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
248	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
249	number_concentration, &
250	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
251	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
252	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
253	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
254	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
255	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
256	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
257	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
258	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
259	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
260	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
261
262	USE pegrid
263
264	USE random_function_mod, &
265	ONLY: random_function
266
267	USE surface_mod, &
268	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
269
270	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
271	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
272
273	IMPLICIT NONE
274
275	PRIVATE
276
277	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
278	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
279
280	INTERFACE lpm_init
281	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
282	END INTERFACE lpm_init
283
284	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
285	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
286	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
287
288	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
289
290	CONTAINS
291
292	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
293	! Description:
294	! ------------
295	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
296	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
297	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
298
299	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
300	ONLY: init_kernels
301
302	USE pmc_interface, &
303	ONLY: nested_run
304
305	IMPLICIT NONE
306
307	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
308	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
309	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
310
311	REAL(wp) :: div !<
312	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
313	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
314	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
315	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
316
317
318	!
319	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
320	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
321	IF ( ocean ) THEN
322	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
323	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
324	ENDIF
325
326	!
327	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
328	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
329	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
330	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
331	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
332	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
333	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
334	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
335	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
336	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
337	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
338	!
339	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
340	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
341	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
342	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
343	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
344	max_number_of_particle_groups
345	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
346	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
347	ENDIF
348	!
349	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
350	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
351	!-- propably (not realized so far).
352	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
353	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
354	'with particles'
355	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
356
357	ENDIF
358
359	!
360	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
361	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
362	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
363	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
364	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
365	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
366	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
367
368	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
369	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
370	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
371
372	!
373	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
374	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
375	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
376	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
377	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
378	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
379	!
380	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
381	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
382	div = 1000.0_wp
383	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
384	div = div / 10.0_wp
385	ENDDO
386	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
387	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
388	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
389
390	ENDIF
391
392	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
393	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
394	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
395	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
396	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
397	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
398	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
399	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
400	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
401	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
402	ENDDO
403
404	!
405	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
406	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
407	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
408	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
409	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
410	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
411
412	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
413	ENDIF
414
415	!
416	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
417	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
418	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
419	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
420	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
421	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
422	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
423	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
424
425	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
426	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
427
428	!
429	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
430	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
431	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
432	!-- negligible.
433	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
434	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
435	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
436
437	#if defined( __parallel )
438	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
439	comm2d, ierr )
440	#else
441	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
442	#endif
443
444	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
445	!
446	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
447	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
448	!
449	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
450	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
451	!
452	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
453	height_p = z0_av_global
454	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
455
456	height_p = height_p + height_int
457	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
458
459	ENDDO
460
461	ENDIF
462
463	!
464	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
465	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
466
467	CASE ( 'absorb' )
468	ibc_par_b = 1
469
470	CASE ( 'reflect' )
471	ibc_par_b = 2
472
473	CASE DEFAULT
474	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
475	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
476	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
477
478	END SELECT
479	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
480
481	CASE ( 'absorb' )
482	ibc_par_t = 1
483
484	CASE ( 'reflect' )
485	ibc_par_t = 2
486
487	CASE ( 'nested' )
488	ibc_par_t = 3
489
490	CASE DEFAULT
491	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
492	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
493	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
494
495	END SELECT
496	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
497
498	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
499	ibc_par_lr = 0
500
501	CASE ( 'absorb' )
502	ibc_par_lr = 1
503
504	CASE ( 'reflect' )
505	ibc_par_lr = 2
506
507	CASE ( 'nested' )
508	ibc_par_lr = 3
509
510	CASE DEFAULT
511	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
512	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
513	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
514
515	END SELECT
516	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
517
518	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
519	ibc_par_ns = 0
520
521	CASE ( 'absorb' )
522	ibc_par_ns = 1
523
524	CASE ( 'reflect' )
525	ibc_par_ns = 2
526
527	CASE ( 'nested' )
528	ibc_par_ns = 3
529
530	CASE DEFAULT
531	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
532	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
533	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
534
535	END SELECT
536	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
537
538	CASE ( 'const' )
539	i_splitting_mode = 1
540
541	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
542	i_splitting_mode = 2
543
544	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
545	i_splitting_mode = 3
546
547	CASE DEFAULT
548	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
549	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
550	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
551
552	END SELECT
553	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
554
555	CASE ( 'gamma' )
556	isf = 1
557
558	CASE ( 'log' )
559	isf = 2
560
561	CASE ( 'exp' )
562	isf = 3
563
564	CASE DEFAULT
565	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
566	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
567	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
568
569	END SELECT
570
571
572	!
573	!-- Initialize collision kernels
574	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
575
576	!
577	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
578	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
579	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
580	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
581
582	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
583
584	ELSE
585
586	!
587	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
588	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
589	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
590	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
591
592	number_of_particles = 0
593
594	sort_count = 0
595	prt_count = 0
596
597	!
598	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
599	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
600
601	!
602	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
603	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
604	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
605	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
606	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
607	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
608	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
609	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
610
611	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
612
613	!
614	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
615	!-- groups, if necessary
616	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
617	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
618	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
619	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
620	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
621	ENDIF
622	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
623	ENDDO
624
625	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
626	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
627	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
628	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
629	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
630	ENDIF
631	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
632	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
633	ENDDO
634
635	!
636	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
637	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
638	!-- different on the different PEs.
639	iran_part = iran_part + myid
640
641	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
642	!
643	!-- User modification of initial particles
644	CALL user_lpm_init
645
646	!
647	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
648	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
649	CALL check_open( 80 )
650	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
651	number_of_particles
652	CALL close_file( 80 )
653	ENDIF
654
655	ENDIF
656
657	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
658
659	!
660	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
661	!-- first grid cell
662	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
663	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
664	!
665	!-- Formats
666	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
667
668	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
669
670	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
671	! Description:
672	! ------------
673	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
674	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
675	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
676
677	USE arrays_3d, &
678	ONLY: zw
679	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
680	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
681
682	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
683	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
684
685	USE particle_attributes, &
686	ONLY: deleted_particles
687
688	IMPLICIT NONE
689
690	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
691	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
692	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
693	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
694	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
695	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
696	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
697	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
698	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
699	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
700	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
701
702	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
703
704	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
705	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
706
707	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
708
709	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
710	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
711	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
712	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
713
714	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
715
716	!
717	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
718	!-- particle is situated on this PE
719	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
720	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
721	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
722	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
723	ELSE
724	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
725	ENDIF
726
727	!
728	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
729	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
730	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
731	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
732	END IF
733
734	n = 0
735	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
736
737	pos_z = psb(i)
738
739	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
740
741	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
742
743
744	pos_y = pss(i)
745
746	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
747
748	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
749	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
750
751	pos_x = psl(i)
752
753	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
754
755	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
756	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
757
758	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
759
760
761	n = n + 1
762	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
763	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
764	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
765	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
766	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
767	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
768	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
769	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
770	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
771	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
772	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
773	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
774	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
775	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
776	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
777	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
778	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
779	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
780	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
781	ELSE
782	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
783	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
784	ENDIF
785	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
786	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
787	tmp_particle%class = 1
788	tmp_particle%group = i
789	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
790	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
791	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
792	!
793	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
794	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
795	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
796	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
797	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
798	kp = kp + 1
799	ENDDO
800	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
801	kp = kp - 1
802	ENDDO
803	!
804	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
805	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
806	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
807
808	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
809	!
810	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
811	kp = kp + k_surf
812	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
813	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
814	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
815	!-- of overhanging structures.
816	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
817	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
818	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
819	CYCLE xloop
820	ENDIF
821	!
822	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
823	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
824	!-- of overhanging structures.
825	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
826	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
827	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
828	THEN
829	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
830	CYCLE xloop
831	ENDIF
832
833	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
834
835	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
836	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
837	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
838	ENDIF
839	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
840	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
841	ENDIF
842	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
843
844	ENDIF
845	ENDDO
846
847	ENDIF
848
849	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
850
851	ENDDO xloop
852
853	ENDIF
854
855	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
856
857	ENDDO
858
859	ENDIF
860
861	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
862
863	ENDDO
864
865	ENDDO
866
867	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
868	DO ip = nxl, nxr
869	DO jp = nys, nyn
870	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
871	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
872	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
873	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
874	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
875	min_nr_particle )
876	ELSE
877	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
878	ENDIF
879	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
880	DO n = 1, alloc_size
881	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
882	ENDDO
883	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
884	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
885	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
886	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
887	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
888	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
889	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
890	ENDIF
891	ENDIF
892	ENDIF
893	ENDDO
894	ENDDO
895	ENDDO
896	ENDIF
897
898	ENDDO
899
900
901
902	local_start = prt_count+1
903	prt_count = local_count
904
905	!
906	!-- Calculate particle IDs
907	DO ip = nxl, nxr
908	DO jp = nys, nyn
909	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
910	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
911	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
912	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
913
914	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
915
916	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
917	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
918	!
919	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
920	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
921	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
922
923	ENDDO
924
925	ENDDO
926	ENDDO
927	ENDDO
928
929	!
930	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
931	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
932	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
933	ENDIF
934
935	!
936	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
937	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
938	DO ip = nxl, nxr
939	DO jp = nys, nyn
940	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
941	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
942	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
943	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
944	!
945	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
946	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
947	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
948	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
949	!-- respectively.
950	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
951	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
952	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
953	pdx(particles(n)%group)
954	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
955	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
956	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
957	)
958	ENDIF
959	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
960	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
961	pdy(particles(n)%group)
962	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
963	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
964	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
965	)
966	ENDIF
967	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
968	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
969	pdz(particles(n)%group)
970	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
971	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
972	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
973	)
974	ENDIF
975	ENDDO
976	!
977	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
978	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
979	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
980	!
981	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
982	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
983	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
984	particles => &
985	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
986	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
987	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
988	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
989	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
990	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
991	k = k + 1
992	ENDDO
993	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
994	k = k - 1
995	ENDDO
996	!
997	!-- Check if particle is within topography
998	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
999	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1000	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
1001	ENDIF
1002
1003	ENDDO
1004	ENDDO
1005	ENDDO
1006	ENDDO
1007	!
1008	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
1009	CALL lpm_move_particle
1010	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
1011
1012	ENDIF
1013	!
1014	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
1015	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
1016	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
1017	!-- position.
1018	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
1019
1020	!
1021	!-- Determine the current number of particles
1022	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1023	DO jp = nys, nyn
1024	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1025	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
1026	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1027	ENDDO
1028	ENDDO
1029	ENDDO
1030	!
1031	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
1032	#if defined( __parallel )
1033	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1034	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
1035	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1036	#else
1037	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
1038	#endif
1039
1040	RETURN
1041
1042	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
1043
1044	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
1045
1046	USE arrays_3d, &
1047	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
1048
1049	USE cloud_parameters, &
1050	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
1051	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
1052
1053	USE constants, &
1054	ONLY: pi
1055
1056	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
1057	ONLY: magnus
1058
1059
1060	USE kinds
1061
1062	USE particle_attributes, &
1063	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1064
1065	IMPLICIT NONE
1066
1067	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1068	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1069	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1070	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1071	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1072	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1073	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1074	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1075	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1076	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1077	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1078	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1079
1080	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1081
1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1084	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1085	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1086
1087	!
1088	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1089	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1090	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1091	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1092	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1093	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1094	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1095	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1096	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1097	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1098	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1099	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1100	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1101	ELSE
1102	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1103	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1104	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1105	ENDIF
1106	!
1107	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1108	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1109	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1110	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1111	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1112	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1113	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1114	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1115	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1116	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1117	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1118	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1119	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1120	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1121	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1122	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1123	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1124	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1125	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1126	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1127	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1128	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1129	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1130	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1131	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1132	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1133	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1134	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1135	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1136	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1137	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1138	CONTINUE
1139	ELSE
1140	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1141	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1142	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1143	ENDIF
1144
1145	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1146	DO jp = nys, nyn
1147	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1148
1149	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1150	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1151	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1152
1153	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1154	!
1155	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1156	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1157	!-- weighting factor
1158	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1159
1160	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1161	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1162	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1163
1164	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1165	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1166	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1167	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1168	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1169	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1170	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1171	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1172	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
1173
1174	!
1175	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1176	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1177	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1178
1179	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1180	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1181	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1182	ELSE
1183	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1184	ENDIF
1185	!
1186	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1187	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1188
1189	ENDDO
1190	!
1191	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1192	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1193	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1194	!-- the simulation.
1195	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1196
1197	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1198	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1199
1200	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1201	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1202
1203	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1204	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1205	!
1206	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1207	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1208	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1209
1210	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1211	!
1212	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1213	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1214	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1215	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1216	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1217	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1218	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1219	)
1220
1221	ENDDO
1222
1223	ENDDO
1224	ENDDO
1225	ENDDO
1226
1227	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1228
1229	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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