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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 1986

Last change on this file since 1986 was 1930, checked in by suehring, 8 years ago
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	!
22	!
23	! Former revisions:
24	! -----------------
25	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 1930 2016-06-09 16:32:12Z gronemeier $
26	!
27	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
28	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
29	! seed_follows_topography.
30	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
31	! than one grid length.
32	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
33	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
34	!
35	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
36	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
37	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
38	! initialization.
39	!
40	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
41	! Module renamed (removed _mod
42
43	!
44	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
45	! Initialization of aerosols added.
46	!
47	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
48	! Module renamed
49	!
50	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
51	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
52	!
53	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
54	! Unused variables removed.
55	!
56	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
57	! netcdf module added
58	!
59	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
60	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
61	! used.
62	!
63	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
64	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
65	!
66	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
67	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
68	!
69	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
70	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
71	!
72	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
73	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
74	!
75	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
76	! New particle structure integrated.
77	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
78	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
79	!
80	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
81	! -netcdf_output
82	!
83	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
84	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
85	!
86	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
87	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
88	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
89	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
90	! revision history before 2012 removed,
91	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
92	! all variable declaration statements
93	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
94	!
95	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
96	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
97	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
98	!
99	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
100	! unused variables removed
101	!
102	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
103	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
104	!
105	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
106	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
107	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
108	! advec_particles),
109	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
110	!
111	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
112	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
113	!
114	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
115	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
116	! array particles implemented as pointer
117	!
118	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
119	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
120	! of arrays.
121	!
122	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
123	! Initial revision
124	!
125	!
126	! Description:
127	! ------------
128	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
129	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
130	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
131	MODULE lpm_init_mod
132
133
134	USE arrays_3d, &
135	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
136
137	USE control_parameters, &
138	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
139	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
140
141	USE grid_variables, &
142	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
143
144	USE indices, &
145	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
146	nzb_w_inner, nzt
147
148	USE kinds
149
150	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
151	ONLY: init_kernels
152
153	USE netcdf_interface, &
154	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
155
156	USE particle_attributes, &
157	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
158	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
159	curvature_solution_effects, &
160	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
161	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
162	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
163	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
164	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
165	number_of_particles, &
166	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
167	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
168	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
169	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
170	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
171	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
172	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
173	seed_follows_topography, sgs_wf_part, sort_count, &
174	total_number_of_particles, &
175	use_sgs_for_particles, &
176	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
177	z0_av_global
178
179	USE pegrid
180
181	USE random_function_mod, &
182	ONLY: random_function
183
184	IMPLICIT NONE
185
186	PRIVATE
187
188	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
189	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
190
191	INTERFACE lpm_init
192	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
193	END INTERFACE lpm_init
194
195	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
196	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
197	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
198
199	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
200
201	CONTAINS
202
203	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
204	! Description:
205	! ------------
206	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
207	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
208	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
209
210	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
211	ONLY: init_kernels
212
213	IMPLICIT NONE
214
215	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
216	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
217	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
218
219	#if defined( __parallel )
220	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
221	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
222	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
223	#endif
224
225	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
226	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
227	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
228	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
229
230	#if defined( __parallel )
231	!
232	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
233	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
234	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
235	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
236
237	types(1) = MPI_REAL
238	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
239	types(3) = MPI_UB
240	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
241	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
242	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
243	#endif
244
245	!
246	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
247	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
248	IF ( ocean ) THEN
249	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
250	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
251	ENDIF
252
253	!
254	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
255
256	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
257	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
258	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
259	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
260	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
261	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
262	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
263	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
264	!
265	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
266	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
267	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
268	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
269	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
270	max_number_of_particle_groups
271	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
272	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
273	ENDIF
274
275	!
276	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
277	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
278	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
279	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
280	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
281	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
282	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
283
284	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
285	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
286	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
287
288	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
289	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
290	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
291	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
292	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
293	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
294	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
295	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
296	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
297	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
298	ENDDO
299
300	!
301	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
302	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
303	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
304	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
305	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
306	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
307
308	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
309	ENDIF
310
311	!
312	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
313	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
314	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
315	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
316	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
317	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
318	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
319	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
320
321	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
322	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
323
324	!
325	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
326	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
327	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
328	!-- negligible.
329	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
330	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
331
332	#if defined( __parallel )
333	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
334	comm2d, ierr )
335	#else
336	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
337	#endif
338
339	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
340	!
341	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
342	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
343	!
344	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
345	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
346	!
347	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
348	height_p = z0_av_global
349	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
350
351	height_p = height_p + height_int
352	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
353
354	ENDDO
355
356	ENDIF
357
358	!
359	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
360	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
361
362	CASE ( 'absorb' )
363	ibc_par_b = 1
364
365	CASE ( 'reflect' )
366	ibc_par_b = 2
367
368	CASE DEFAULT
369	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
370	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
371	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
372
373	END SELECT
374	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
375
376	CASE ( 'absorb' )
377	ibc_par_t = 1
378
379	CASE ( 'reflect' )
380	ibc_par_t = 2
381
382	CASE DEFAULT
383	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
384	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
385	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
386
387	END SELECT
388	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
389
390	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
391	ibc_par_lr = 0
392
393	CASE ( 'absorb' )
394	ibc_par_lr = 1
395
396	CASE ( 'reflect' )
397	ibc_par_lr = 2
398
399	CASE DEFAULT
400	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
401	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
402	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
403
404	END SELECT
405	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
406
407	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
408	ibc_par_ns = 0
409
410	CASE ( 'absorb' )
411	ibc_par_ns = 1
412
413	CASE ( 'reflect' )
414	ibc_par_ns = 2
415
416	CASE DEFAULT
417	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
418	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
419	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
420
421	END SELECT
422
423	!
424	!-- Initialize collision kernels
425	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
426
427	!
428	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
429	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
430	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
431	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
432
433	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
434
435	ELSE
436
437	!
438	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
439	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
440	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
441	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
442
443	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
444	number_of_particles = 0
445
446	sort_count = 0
447	prt_count = 0
448
449	!
450	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
451	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
452	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
453	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
454	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
455	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
456	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0, 0, 0, &
457	0, .FALSE., -1 )
458
459	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
460
461	!
462	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
463	!-- groups, if necessary
464	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
465	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
466	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
467	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
468	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
469	ENDIF
470	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
471	ENDDO
472
473	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
474	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
475	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
476	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
477	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
478	ENDIF
479	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
480	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
481	ENDDO
482
483	!
484	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
485	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
486	!-- different on the different PEs.
487	iran_part = iran_part + myid
488
489	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
490	!
491	!-- User modification of initial particles
492	CALL user_lpm_init
493
494	!
495	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
496	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
497	CALL check_open( 80 )
498	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
499	number_of_particles, &
500	maximum_number_of_particles
501	CALL close_file( 80 )
502	ENDIF
503
504	ENDIF
505
506	!
507	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
508	!-- first grid cell
509	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
510	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
511	!
512	!-- Formats
513	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
514
515	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
516
517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
518	! Description:
519	! ------------
520	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
522	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
523
524	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
525	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
526
527	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
528	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
529
530	USE particle_attributes, &
531	ONLY: deleted_particles, monodisperse_aerosols
532
533	IMPLICIT NONE
534
535	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
536	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
537	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
538	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
539	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
540	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
541	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
542	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
543	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
544
545	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
546
547	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
548	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
549
550	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
551
552	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
553	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
554	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
555	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
556
557	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
558
559	!
560	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
561	!-- particle is situated on this PE
562	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
563	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
564	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
565	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
566	ELSE
567	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
568	ENDIF
569
570	n = 0
571	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
572
573	pos_z = psb(i)
574
575	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
576
577	pos_y = pss(i)
578
579	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
580
581	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
582	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
583
584	pos_x = psl(i)
585
586	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
587
588	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
589	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
590
591	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
592
593	n = n + 1
594	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
595	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
596	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
597	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
598	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
599	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
600	tmp_particle%dvrp_psize = 0.0_wp !unused
601	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
602	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
603	!
604	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
605	!-- for Rosenbrock method
606	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
607	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
608	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused
609	ELSE
610	!
611	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
612	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
613	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
614	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
615	ENDIF
616	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
617	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
618	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
619	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
620	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
621	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
622	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
623	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
624	tmp_particle%class = 1
625	tmp_particle%group = i
626	tmp_particle%tailpoints = 0 !unused
627	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
628	tmp_particle%tail_id = 0 !unused
629
630
631	!
632	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
633	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
634	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
635	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
636
637	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
638	!
639	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
640	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
641	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + &
642	zw(nzb_w_inner(jp,ip))
643	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
644	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
645	CYCLE xloop
646	ENDIF
647	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
648	tmp_particle%z <= zw(nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)) ) THEN
649	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
650	CYCLE xloop
651	ENDIF
652
653	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
654	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
655	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
656	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
657	ENDIF
658	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
659	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
660	ENDIF
661	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
662
663	ENDIF
664	ENDDO
665
666	ENDIF
667
668	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
669
670	ENDDO xloop
671
672	ENDIF
673
674	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
675
676	ENDDO
677
678	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
679
680	ENDDO
681
682	ENDDO
683
684	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
685	DO ip = nxl, nxr
686	DO jp = nys, nyn
687	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
688	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
689	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
690	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
691	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
692	min_nr_particle )
693	ELSE
694	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
695	ENDIF
696	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
697	DO n = 1, alloc_size
698	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
699	ENDDO
700	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
701	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
702	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
703	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
704	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
705	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
706	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
707	ENDIF
708	ENDIF
709	ENDIF
710
711	ENDDO
712	ENDDO
713	ENDDO
714	ENDIF
715
716	ENDDO
717
718	local_start = prt_count+1
719	prt_count = local_count
720
721	!
722	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
723	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
724	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
725	ENDIF
726
727	!
728	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
729	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
730	DO ip = nxl, nxr
731	DO jp = nys, nyn
732	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
733	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
734	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
735	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
736	!
737	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
738	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
739	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
740	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
741	!-- respectively.
742	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
743	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
744	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
745	pdx(particles(n)%group)
746	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
747	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
748	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
749	)
750	ENDIF
751	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
752	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
753	pdy(particles(n)%group)
754	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
755	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
756	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
757	)
758	ENDIF
759	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
760	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
761	pdz(particles(n)%group)
762	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
763	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
764	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
765	)
766	ENDIF
767	ENDDO
768	!
769	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
770	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
771	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
772	!
773	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
774	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
775	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
776	particles => &
777	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
778	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
779	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
780	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
781	IF ( particles(n)%z <= zw(nzb_w_inner(j,i)) ) THEN
782	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
783	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
784	ENDIF
785	ENDDO
786	ENDDO
787	ENDDO
788	ENDDO
789	!
790	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
791	CALL lpm_move_particle
792	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
793
794	ENDIF
795	!
796	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
797	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
798	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
799	!-- position.
800	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
801
802	!
803	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
804	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
805	DO ip = nxl, nxr
806	DO jp = nys, nyn
807	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
808	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
809	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
810	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
811	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
812	ENDDO
813	ENDDO
814	ENDDO
815	!
816	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
817	#if defined( __parallel )
818	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
819	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
820	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
821	#else
822	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
823	#endif
824
825	RETURN
826
827	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
828
829	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
830
831	USE arrays_3d, &
832	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
833
834	USE cloud_parameters, &
835	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l
836
837	USE constants, &
838	ONLY: pi
839
840	USE kinds
841
842	USE particle_attributes, &
843	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
844	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
845	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
846
847	IMPLICIT NONE
848
849	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
850	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
851
852	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
853	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
854	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
855	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
856	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
857	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
858	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
859	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
860	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
861	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
862	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
863	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
864
865	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
866
867	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
868	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
869	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
870	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
871	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
872	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
873
874	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
875
876	!
877	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
878	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
879	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
880	DO n = 0, no_bins
881	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
882	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
883
884	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
885	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
886	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
887	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
888	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
889	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
890	) )
891	ENDIF
892	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
893	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
894	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
895	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
896	) )
897	ENDIF
898	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
899	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
900	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
901	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
902	) )
903	ENDIF
904
905	ENDDO
906	ENDIF
907
908	DO ip = nxl, nxr
909	DO jp = nys, nyn
910	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
911
912	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
913	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
914	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
915	!
916	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
917	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
918	!-- weighting factor
919	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
920
921	new_pdf = .FALSE.
922	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
923	new_pdf = .TRUE.
924	ELSE
925	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
926	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
927	new_pdf = .TRUE.
928	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
929	ENDIF
930	ENDIF
931
932	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
933
934	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
935	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
936
937	DO n = 0, no_bins
938	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
939	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
940	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
941	ENDDO
942
943	ENDIF
944
945	!
946	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
947	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
948
949	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
950
951	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
952	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
953
954	pdf = 0.0_wp
955	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
956	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
957	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
958	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
959	) * &
960	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
961	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
962	) &
963	)
964	ENDIF
965	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
966	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
967	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
968	) * &
969	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
970	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
971	) &
972	)
973	ENDIF
974	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
975	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
976	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
977	) * &
978	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
979	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
980	) &
981	)
982	ENDIF
983
984	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
985	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
986
987	END DO
988	!
989	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
990	!-- in every grid box
991	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
992
993	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
994	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
995	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
996
997	ENDIF
998	!
999	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
1000	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
1001	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
1002
1003	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1004
1005	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
1006	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
1007	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
1008	ENDDO
1009	!
1010	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
1011	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
1012	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
1013	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
1014	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
1015	EXIT
1016	ENDIF
1017	ENDDO
1018
1019	ENDDO
1020
1021	ENDIF
1022
1023	!
1024	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1025	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1026	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1027	!-- the simulation.
1028	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1029
1030	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
1031	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1032
1033	!
1034	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1035	!-- supersaturations higher than -1 %, the supersaturation is set to -1%.
1036	IF ( e_a / e_s < 0.99_wp ) THEN
1037
1038	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1039
1040	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1041	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
1042	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1043	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
1044	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
1045	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
1046
1047	ENDDO
1048
1049	ELSE
1050
1051	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1052
1053	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1054	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
1055	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1056	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
1057	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
1058	0.01_wp**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
1059
1060	ENDDO
1061
1062	ENDIF
1063
1064	ENDDO
1065	ENDDO
1066	ENDDO
1067	!
1068	!-- Deallocate used arrays
1069	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
1070	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
1071
1072	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1073
1074	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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