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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3568

Last change on this file since 3568 was 3560, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
bugfix to guarantee correct particle releases in case that the release interval is smaller than the model timestep
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 47.8 KB

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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3560 2018-11-23 09:20:21Z raasch $
27	! set the first particle release time
28	!
29	! 3524 2018-11-14 13:36:44Z raasch
30	! added missing working precision
31	!
32	! 3361 2018-10-16 20:39:37Z knoop
33	! ocean renamed ocean_mode
34	!
35	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
36	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
37	!
38	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
39	! unused variables removed
40	!
41	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
42	! dz was replaced by dzw or dz(1) to allow for right vertical stretching
43	!
44	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
45	! Error messages revised
46	!
47	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
48	! Error message revised
49	!
50	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
51	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
52	!
53	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
54	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
55	!
56	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
57	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
58	!
59	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
60	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
61	!
62	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
63	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
64	!
65	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
66	! Changes from last commit documented
67	!
68	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
69	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
70	!
71	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
72	! Change in file header (GPL part)
73	!
74	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
75	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
76	!
77	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
78	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
79	!
80	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
81	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
82	! with scalar grid point of same index.
83	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
84	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
85	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
86	!
87	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
88	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
89	!
90	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
91	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
92	!
93	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
94	! Get topography top index via Function call
95	!
96	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
97	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
98	!
99	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
100	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
101	!
102	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
103	! Changed error messages
104	!
105	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
106	! Unused variables removed.
107	!
108	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
109	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
110	!
111	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
112	!
113	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
114	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
115	!
116	!
117	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
118	! Add check for particle release at model top
119	!
120	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
121	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
122	!
123	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
124	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
125	! Calculation of particle ID
126	!
127	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
128	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
129	!
130	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
131	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
132	! seed_follows_topography.
133	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
134	! than one grid length.
135	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
136	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
137	!
138	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
139	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
140	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
141	! initialization.
142	!
143	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
144	! Module renamed (removed _mod
145	!
146	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
147	! Initialization of aerosols added.
148	!
149	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
150	! Module renamed
151	!
152	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
153	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
154	!
155	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
156	! Unused variables removed.
157	!
158	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
159	! netcdf module added
160	!
161	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
162	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
163	! used.
164	!
165	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
166	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
167	!
168	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
169	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
170	!
171	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
172	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
173	!
174	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
175	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
176	!
177	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
178	! New particle structure integrated.
179	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
180	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
181	!
182	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
183	! -netcdf_output
184	!
185	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
186	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
187	!
188	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
189	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
190	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
191	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
192	! revision history before 2012 removed,
193	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
194	! all variable declaration statements
195	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
196	!
197	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
198	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
199	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
200	!
201	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
202	! unused variables removed
203	!
204	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
205	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
206	!
207	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
208	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
209	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
210	! advec_particles),
211	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
212	!
213	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
214	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
215	!
216	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
217	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
218	! array particles implemented as pointer
219	!
220	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
221	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
222	! of arrays.
223	!
224	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
225	! Initial revision
226	!
227	!
228	! Description:
229	! ------------
230	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
231	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
232	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
233	MODULE lpm_init_mod
234
235	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
236
237	USE arrays_3d, &
238	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
239
240	USE control_parameters, &
241	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
242	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean_mode, &
243	simulated_time
244
245	USE grid_variables, &
246	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
247
248	USE indices, &
249	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
250	nzt, wall_flags_0
251
252	USE kinds
253
254	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
255	ONLY: init_kernels
256
257	USE netcdf_interface, &
258	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
259
260	USE particle_attributes, &
261	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
262	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
263	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
264	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
265	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, &
266	last_particle_release_time, log_z_z0, &
267	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
268	number_concentration, &
269	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
270	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
271	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
272	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
273	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
274	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
275	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
276	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
277	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
278	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
279	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
280
281	USE pegrid
282
283	USE random_function_mod, &
284	ONLY: random_function
285
286	USE surface_mod, &
287	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
288
289	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
290	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
291
292	IMPLICIT NONE
293
294	PRIVATE
295
296	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
297	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
298
299	INTERFACE lpm_init
300	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
301	END INTERFACE lpm_init
302
303	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
304	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
305	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
306
307	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
308
309	CONTAINS
310
311	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
312	! Description:
313	! ------------
314	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
315	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
316	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
317
318	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
319	ONLY: init_kernels
320
321	USE pmc_interface, &
322	ONLY: nested_run
323
324	IMPLICIT NONE
325
326	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
327	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
328	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
329
330	REAL(wp) :: div !<
331	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
332	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
333	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
334	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
335
336
337	!
338	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
339	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
340	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
341	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
342	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
343	ENDIF
344
345	!
346	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
347	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
348	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
349	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
350	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
351	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
352	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
353	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
354	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
355	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
356	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
357	!
358	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
359	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
360	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
361	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
362	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
363	max_number_of_particle_groups
364	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
365	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
366	ENDIF
367	!
368	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
369	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
370	!-- propably (not realized so far).
371	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
372	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
373	'with particles'
374	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
375
376	ENDIF
377
378	!
379	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
380	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
381	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
382	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
383	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
384	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
385	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
386
387	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
388	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
389	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
390
391	!
392	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
393	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
394	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
395	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
396	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
397	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
398	!
399	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
400	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
401	div = 1000.0_wp
402	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
403	div = div / 10.0_wp
404	ENDDO
405	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
406	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
407	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
408
409	ENDIF
410
411	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
412	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
413	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
414	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
415	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
416	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
417	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
418	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
419	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
420	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
421	ENDDO
422
423	!
424	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
425	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
426	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
427	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
428	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
429	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
430
431	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
432	ENDIF
433
434	!
435	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
436	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
437	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
438	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
439	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
440	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
441	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
442	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
443
444	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
445	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
446
447	!
448	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
449	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
450	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
451	!-- negligible.
452	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
453	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
454	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
455
456	#if defined( __parallel )
457	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
458	comm2d, ierr )
459	#else
460	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
461	#endif
462
463	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
464	!
465	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
466	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
467	!
468	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
469	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
470	!
471	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
472	height_p = z0_av_global
473	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
474
475	height_p = height_p + height_int
476	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
477
478	ENDDO
479
480	ENDIF
481
482	!
483	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
484	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
485
486	CASE ( 'absorb' )
487	ibc_par_b = 1
488
489	CASE ( 'reflect' )
490	ibc_par_b = 2
491
492	CASE DEFAULT
493	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
494	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
495	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
496
497	END SELECT
498	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
499
500	CASE ( 'absorb' )
501	ibc_par_t = 1
502
503	CASE ( 'reflect' )
504	ibc_par_t = 2
505
506	CASE ( 'nested' )
507	ibc_par_t = 3
508
509	CASE DEFAULT
510	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
511	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
512	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
513
514	END SELECT
515	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
516
517	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
518	ibc_par_lr = 0
519
520	CASE ( 'absorb' )
521	ibc_par_lr = 1
522
523	CASE ( 'reflect' )
524	ibc_par_lr = 2
525
526	CASE ( 'nested' )
527	ibc_par_lr = 3
528
529	CASE DEFAULT
530	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
531	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
532	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
533
534	END SELECT
535	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
536
537	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
538	ibc_par_ns = 0
539
540	CASE ( 'absorb' )
541	ibc_par_ns = 1
542
543	CASE ( 'reflect' )
544	ibc_par_ns = 2
545
546	CASE ( 'nested' )
547	ibc_par_ns = 3
548
549	CASE DEFAULT
550	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
551	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
552	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
553
554	END SELECT
555	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
556
557	CASE ( 'const' )
558	i_splitting_mode = 1
559
560	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
561	i_splitting_mode = 2
562
563	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
564	i_splitting_mode = 3
565
566	CASE DEFAULT
567	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
568	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
569	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
570
571	END SELECT
572	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
573
574	CASE ( 'gamma' )
575	isf = 1
576
577	CASE ( 'log' )
578	isf = 2
579
580	CASE ( 'exp' )
581	isf = 3
582
583	CASE DEFAULT
584	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
585	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
586	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
587
588	END SELECT
589
590
591	!
592	!-- Initialize collision kernels
593	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
594
595	!
596	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
597	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
598	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
599	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
600
601	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
602
603	ELSE
604
605	!
606	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
607	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
608	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
609	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
610
611	number_of_particles = 0
612
613	sort_count = 0
614	prt_count = 0
615
616	!
617	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
618	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
619
620	!
621	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
622	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
623	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
624	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
625	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
626	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
627	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
628	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
629
630	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
631
632	!
633	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
634	!-- groups, if necessary
635	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
636	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
637	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
638	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
639	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
640	ENDIF
641	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
642	ENDDO
643
644	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
645	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
646	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
647	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
648	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
649	ENDIF
650	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
651	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
652	ENDDO
653
654	!
655	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
656	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
657	!-- different on the different PEs.
658	iran_part = iran_part + myid
659
660	!
661	!-- Create the particle set, and set the initial particles
662	CALL lpm_create_particle( phase_init )
663	last_particle_release_time = particle_advection_start
664
665	!
666	!-- User modification of initial particles
667	CALL user_lpm_init
668
669	!
670	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
671	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
672	CALL check_open( 80 )
673	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
674	number_of_particles
675	CALL close_file( 80 )
676	ENDIF
677
678	ENDIF
679
680	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
681
682	!
683	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
684	!-- first grid cell
685	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
686	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
687	!
688	!-- Formats
689	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
690
691	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
692
693	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
694	! Description:
695	! ------------
696	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
697	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
698	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
699
700	USE arrays_3d, &
701	ONLY: zw
702	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
703	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
704
705	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
706	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
707
708	USE particle_attributes, &
709	ONLY: deleted_particles
710
711	IMPLICIT NONE
712
713	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
714	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
715	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
716	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
717	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
718	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
719	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
720	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
721	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
722	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
723	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
724
725	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
726
727	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
728	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
729
730	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
731
732	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
733	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
734	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
735	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
736
737	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
738
739	!
740	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
741	!-- particle is situated on this PE
742	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
743	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
744	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
745	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
746	ELSE
747	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
748	ENDIF
749
750	!
751	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
752	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
753	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
754	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
755	END IF
756
757	n = 0
758	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
759
760	pos_z = psb(i)
761
762	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
763
764	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
765
766
767	pos_y = pss(i)
768
769	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
770
771	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
772	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
773
774	pos_x = psl(i)
775
776	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
777
778	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
779	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
780
781	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
782
783
784	n = n + 1
785	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
786	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
787	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
788	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
789	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
790	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
791	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
792	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
793	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
794	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
795	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
796	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
797	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
798	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
799	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
800	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
801	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
802	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
803	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
804	ELSE
805	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
806	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
807	ENDIF
808	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
809	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
810	tmp_particle%class = 1
811	tmp_particle%group = i
812	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
813	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
814	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
815	!
816	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
817	ip = INT( tmp_particle%x * ddx )
818	jp = INT( tmp_particle%y * ddy )
819	kp = INT( tmp_particle%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt )
820	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
821	kp = kp + 1
822	ENDDO
823	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
824	kp = kp - 1
825	ENDDO
826	!
827	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
828	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
829	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
830
831	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
832	!
833	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
834	kp = kp + k_surf
835	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
836	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
837	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
838	!-- of overhanging structures.
839	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
840	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
841	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
842	CYCLE xloop
843	ENDIF
844	!
845	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
846	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
847	!-- of overhanging structures.
848	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
849	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
850	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
851	THEN
852	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
853	CYCLE xloop
854	ENDIF
855
856	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
857
858	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
859	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
860	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
861	ENDIF
862	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
863	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
864	ENDIF
865	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
866
867	ENDIF
868	ENDDO
869
870	ENDIF
871
872	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
873
874	ENDDO xloop
875
876	ENDIF
877
878	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
879
880	ENDDO
881
882	ENDIF
883
884	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
885
886	ENDDO
887
888	ENDDO
889
890	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
891	DO ip = nxl, nxr
892	DO jp = nys, nyn
893	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
894	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
895	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
896	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
897	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
898	min_nr_particle )
899	ELSE
900	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
901	ENDIF
902	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
903	DO n = 1, alloc_size
904	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
905	ENDDO
906	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
907	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
908	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
909	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
910	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
911	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
912	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
913	ENDIF
914	ENDIF
915	ENDIF
916	ENDDO
917	ENDDO
918	ENDDO
919	ENDIF
920
921	ENDDO
922
923
924
925	local_start = prt_count+1
926	prt_count = local_count
927
928	!
929	!-- Calculate particle IDs
930	DO ip = nxl, nxr
931	DO jp = nys, nyn
932	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
933	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
934	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
935	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
936
937	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
938
939	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
940	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
941	!
942	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
943	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
944	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
945
946	ENDDO
947
948	ENDDO
949	ENDDO
950	ENDDO
951
952	!
953	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
954	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
955	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
956	ENDIF
957
958	!
959	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
960	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
961	DO ip = nxl, nxr
962	DO jp = nys, nyn
963	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
964	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
965	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
966	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
967	!
968	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
969	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
970	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
971	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
972	!-- respectively.
973	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
974	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
975	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
976	pdx(particles(n)%group)
977	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
978	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
979	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
980	)
981	ENDIF
982	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
983	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
984	pdy(particles(n)%group)
985	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
986	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
987	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
988	)
989	ENDIF
990	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
991	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
992	pdz(particles(n)%group)
993	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
994	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dzw(kp), rand_contr ), &
995	ABS( rand_contr ) < dzw(kp) &
996	)
997	ENDIF
998	ENDDO
999	!
1000	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
1001	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
1002	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
1003	!
1004	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
1005	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
1006	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
1007	particles => &
1008	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1009	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
1010	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
1011	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
1012	k = particles(n)%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
1013	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
1014	k = k + 1
1015	ENDDO
1016	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
1017	k = k - 1
1018	ENDDO
1019	!
1020	!-- Check if particle is within topography
1021	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
1022	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1023	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
1024	ENDIF
1025
1026	ENDDO
1027	ENDDO
1028	ENDDO
1029	ENDDO
1030	!
1031	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
1032	CALL lpm_move_particle
1033	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
1034
1035	ENDIF
1036	!
1037	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
1038	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
1039	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
1040	!-- position.
1041	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
1042
1043	!
1044	!-- Determine the current number of particles
1045	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1046	DO jp = nys, nyn
1047	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1048	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
1049	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1050	ENDDO
1051	ENDDO
1052	ENDDO
1053	!
1054	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
1055	#if defined( __parallel )
1056	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1057	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
1058	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1059	#else
1060	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
1061	#endif
1062
1063	RETURN
1064
1065	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
1066
1067	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
1068
1069	USE arrays_3d, &
1070	ONLY: hyp, pt, q, exner
1071
1072	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
1073	ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, magnus, &
1074	pi, rd_d_rv, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
1075
1076	USE kinds
1077
1078	USE particle_attributes, &
1079	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1080
1081	IMPLICIT NONE
1082
1083	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1084	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1085	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1086	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1087	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1088	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1089	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1090	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1091	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1092	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1093	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1094	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1095
1096	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1097
1098	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1099	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1100	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1101	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1102
1103	!
1104	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1105	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1106	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1107	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1108	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1109	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1110	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1111	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1112	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1113	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1114	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1115	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1116	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1117	ELSE
1118	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1119	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1120	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1121	ENDIF
1122	!
1123	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1124	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1125	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1126	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1127	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1128	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1129	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1130	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1131	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1132	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1133	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1134	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1135	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1136	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1137	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1138	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1139	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1140	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1141	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1142	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1143	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1144	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1145	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1146	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1147	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1148	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1149	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1150	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1151	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1152	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1153	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1154	CONTINUE
1155	ELSE
1156	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1157	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1158	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1159	ENDIF
1160
1161	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1162	DO jp = nys, nyn
1163	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1164
1165	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1166	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1167	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1168
1169	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1170	!
1171	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1172	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1173	!-- weighting factor
1174	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1175
1176	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1177	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1178	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1179
1180	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1181	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1182	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1183	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1184	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1185	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1186	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1187	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1188	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
1189
1190	!
1191	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1192	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1193	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1194
1195	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1196	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1197	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0_wp
1198	ELSE
1199	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1200	ENDIF
1201	!
1202	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1203	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1204
1205	ENDDO
1206	!
1207	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1208	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1209	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1210	!-- the simulation.
1211	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * exner(kp)
1212
1213	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1214	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + rd_d_rv )
1215
1216	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1217	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1218
1219	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1220	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1221	!
1222	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1223	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1224	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1225
1226	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1227	!
1228	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1229	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1230	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1231	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1232	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1233	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1234	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1235	)
1236
1237	ENDDO
1238
1239	ENDDO
1240	ENDDO
1241	ENDDO
1242
1243	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1244
1245	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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