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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3555

Last change on this file since 3555 was 3524, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
unused variables removed, missing working precision added, missing preprocessor directives added, bugfix concerning allocation of t_surf_wall_v in nopointer case, declaration statements rearranged to avoid compile time errors, mpi_abort arguments replaced to avoid compile errors
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 47.6 KB

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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3524 2018-11-14 13:36:44Z raasch $
27	! added missing working precision
28	!
29	! 3361 2018-10-16 20:39:37Z knoop
30	! ocean renamed ocean_mode
31	!
32	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
33	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
34	!
35	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
36	! unused variables removed
37	!
38	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
39	! dz was replaced by dzw or dz(1) to allow for right vertical stretching
40	!
41	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
42	! Error messages revised
43	!
44	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
45	! Error message revised
46	!
47	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
48	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
49	!
50	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
51	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
52	!
53	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
54	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
55	!
56	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
57	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
58	!
59	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
60	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
61	!
62	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
63	! Changes from last commit documented
64	!
65	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
66	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
67	!
68	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
69	! Change in file header (GPL part)
70	!
71	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
72	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
73	!
74	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
75	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
76	!
77	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
78	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
79	! with scalar grid point of same index.
80	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
81	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
82	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
83	!
84	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
85	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
86	!
87	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
88	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
89	!
90	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
91	! Get topography top index via Function call
92	!
93	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
94	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
95	!
96	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
97	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
98	!
99	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
100	! Changed error messages
101	!
102	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
103	! Unused variables removed.
104	!
105	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
106	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
107	!
108	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
109	!
110	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
111	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
112	!
113	!
114	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
115	! Add check for particle release at model top
116	!
117	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
118	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
119	!
120	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
121	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
122	! Calculation of particle ID
123	!
124	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
125	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
126	!
127	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
128	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
129	! seed_follows_topography.
130	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
131	! than one grid length.
132	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
133	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
134	!
135	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
136	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
137	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
138	! initialization.
139	!
140	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
141	! Module renamed (removed _mod
142	!
143	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
144	! Initialization of aerosols added.
145	!
146	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
147	! Module renamed
148	!
149	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
150	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
151	!
152	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
153	! Unused variables removed.
154	!
155	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
156	! netcdf module added
157	!
158	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
159	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
160	! used.
161	!
162	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
163	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
164	!
165	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
166	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
167	!
168	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
169	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
170	!
171	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
172	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
173	!
174	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
175	! New particle structure integrated.
176	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
177	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
178	!
179	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
180	! -netcdf_output
181	!
182	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
183	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
184	!
185	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
186	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
187	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
188	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
189	! revision history before 2012 removed,
190	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
191	! all variable declaration statements
192	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
193	!
194	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
195	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
196	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
197	!
198	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
199	! unused variables removed
200	!
201	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
202	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
203	!
204	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
205	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
206	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
207	! advec_particles),
208	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
209	!
210	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
211	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
212	!
213	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
214	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
215	! array particles implemented as pointer
216	!
217	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
218	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
219	! of arrays.
220	!
221	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
222	! Initial revision
223	!
224	!
225	! Description:
226	! ------------
227	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
228	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
229	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
230	MODULE lpm_init_mod
231
232	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
233
234	USE arrays_3d, &
235	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
236
237	USE control_parameters, &
238	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
239	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean_mode, &
240	simulated_time
241
242	USE grid_variables, &
243	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
244
245	USE indices, &
246	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
247	nzt, wall_flags_0
248
249	USE kinds
250
251	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
252	ONLY: init_kernels
253
254	USE netcdf_interface, &
255	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
256
257	USE particle_attributes, &
258	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
259	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
260	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
261	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
262	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
263	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
264	number_concentration, &
265	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
266	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
267	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
268	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
269	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
270	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
271	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
272	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
273	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
274	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
275	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
276
277	USE pegrid
278
279	USE random_function_mod, &
280	ONLY: random_function
281
282	USE surface_mod, &
283	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
284
285	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
286	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
287
288	IMPLICIT NONE
289
290	PRIVATE
291
292	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
293	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
294
295	INTERFACE lpm_init
296	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
297	END INTERFACE lpm_init
298
299	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
300	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
301	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
302
303	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
304
305	CONTAINS
306
307	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
308	! Description:
309	! ------------
310	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
311	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
312	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
313
314	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
315	ONLY: init_kernels
316
317	USE pmc_interface, &
318	ONLY: nested_run
319
320	IMPLICIT NONE
321
322	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
323	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
324	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
325
326	REAL(wp) :: div !<
327	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
328	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
329	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
330	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
331
332
333	!
334	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
335	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
336	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
337	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
338	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
339	ENDIF
340
341	!
342	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
343	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
344	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
345	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
346	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
347	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
348	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
349	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
350	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
351	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
352	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
353	!
354	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
355	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
356	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
357	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
358	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
359	max_number_of_particle_groups
360	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
361	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
362	ENDIF
363	!
364	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
365	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
366	!-- propably (not realized so far).
367	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
368	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
369	'with particles'
370	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
371
372	ENDIF
373
374	!
375	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
376	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
377	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
378	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
379	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
380	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
381	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
382
383	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
384	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
385	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
386
387	!
388	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
389	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
390	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
391	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
392	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
393	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
394	!
395	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
396	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
397	div = 1000.0_wp
398	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
399	div = div / 10.0_wp
400	ENDDO
401	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
402	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
403	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
404
405	ENDIF
406
407	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
408	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
409	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
410	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
411	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
412	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
413	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
414	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
415	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
416	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
417	ENDDO
418
419	!
420	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
421	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
422	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
423	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
424	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
425	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
426
427	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
428	ENDIF
429
430	!
431	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
432	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
433	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
434	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
435	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
436	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
437	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
438	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
439
440	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
441	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
442
443	!
444	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
445	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
446	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
447	!-- negligible.
448	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
449	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
450	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
451
452	#if defined( __parallel )
453	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
454	comm2d, ierr )
455	#else
456	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
457	#endif
458
459	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
460	!
461	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
462	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
463	!
464	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
465	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
466	!
467	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
468	height_p = z0_av_global
469	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
470
471	height_p = height_p + height_int
472	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
473
474	ENDDO
475
476	ENDIF
477
478	!
479	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
480	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
481
482	CASE ( 'absorb' )
483	ibc_par_b = 1
484
485	CASE ( 'reflect' )
486	ibc_par_b = 2
487
488	CASE DEFAULT
489	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
490	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
491	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
492
493	END SELECT
494	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
495
496	CASE ( 'absorb' )
497	ibc_par_t = 1
498
499	CASE ( 'reflect' )
500	ibc_par_t = 2
501
502	CASE ( 'nested' )
503	ibc_par_t = 3
504
505	CASE DEFAULT
506	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
507	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
508	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
509
510	END SELECT
511	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
512
513	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
514	ibc_par_lr = 0
515
516	CASE ( 'absorb' )
517	ibc_par_lr = 1
518
519	CASE ( 'reflect' )
520	ibc_par_lr = 2
521
522	CASE ( 'nested' )
523	ibc_par_lr = 3
524
525	CASE DEFAULT
526	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
527	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
528	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
529
530	END SELECT
531	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
532
533	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
534	ibc_par_ns = 0
535
536	CASE ( 'absorb' )
537	ibc_par_ns = 1
538
539	CASE ( 'reflect' )
540	ibc_par_ns = 2
541
542	CASE ( 'nested' )
543	ibc_par_ns = 3
544
545	CASE DEFAULT
546	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
547	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
548	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
549
550	END SELECT
551	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
552
553	CASE ( 'const' )
554	i_splitting_mode = 1
555
556	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
557	i_splitting_mode = 2
558
559	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
560	i_splitting_mode = 3
561
562	CASE DEFAULT
563	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
564	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
565	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
566
567	END SELECT
568	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
569
570	CASE ( 'gamma' )
571	isf = 1
572
573	CASE ( 'log' )
574	isf = 2
575
576	CASE ( 'exp' )
577	isf = 3
578
579	CASE DEFAULT
580	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
581	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
582	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
583
584	END SELECT
585
586
587	!
588	!-- Initialize collision kernels
589	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
590
591	!
592	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
593	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
594	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
595	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
596
597	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
598
599	ELSE
600
601	!
602	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
603	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
604	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
605	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
606
607	number_of_particles = 0
608
609	sort_count = 0
610	prt_count = 0
611
612	!
613	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
614	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
615
616	!
617	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
618	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
619	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
620	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
621	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
622	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
623	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
624	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
625
626	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
627
628	!
629	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
630	!-- groups, if necessary
631	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
632	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
633	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
634	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
635	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
636	ENDIF
637	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
638	ENDDO
639
640	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
641	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
642	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
643	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
644	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
645	ENDIF
646	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
647	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
648	ENDDO
649
650	!
651	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
652	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
653	!-- different on the different PEs.
654	iran_part = iran_part + myid
655
656	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
657	!
658	!-- User modification of initial particles
659	CALL user_lpm_init
660
661	!
662	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
663	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
664	CALL check_open( 80 )
665	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
666	number_of_particles
667	CALL close_file( 80 )
668	ENDIF
669
670	ENDIF
671
672	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
673
674	!
675	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
676	!-- first grid cell
677	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
678	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
679	!
680	!-- Formats
681	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
682
683	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
684
685	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
686	! Description:
687	! ------------
688	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
689	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
690	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
691
692	USE arrays_3d, &
693	ONLY: zw
694	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
695	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
696
697	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
698	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
699
700	USE particle_attributes, &
701	ONLY: deleted_particles
702
703	IMPLICIT NONE
704
705	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
706	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
707	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
708	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
709	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
710	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
711	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
712	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
713	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
714	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
715	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
716
717	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
718
719	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
720	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
721
722	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
723
724	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
725	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
726	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
727	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
728
729	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
730
731	!
732	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
733	!-- particle is situated on this PE
734	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
735	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
736	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
737	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
738	ELSE
739	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
740	ENDIF
741
742	!
743	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
744	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
745	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
746	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
747	END IF
748
749	n = 0
750	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
751
752	pos_z = psb(i)
753
754	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
755
756	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
757
758
759	pos_y = pss(i)
760
761	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
762
763	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
764	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
765
766	pos_x = psl(i)
767
768	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
769
770	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
771	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
772
773	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
774
775
776	n = n + 1
777	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
778	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
779	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
780	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
781	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
782	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
783	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
784	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
785	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
786	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
787	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
788	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
789	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
790	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
791	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
792	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
793	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
794	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
795	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
796	ELSE
797	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
798	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
799	ENDIF
800	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
801	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
802	tmp_particle%class = 1
803	tmp_particle%group = i
804	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
805	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
806	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
807	!
808	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
809	ip = INT( tmp_particle%x * ddx )
810	jp = INT( tmp_particle%y * ddy )
811	kp = INT( tmp_particle%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt )
812	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
813	kp = kp + 1
814	ENDDO
815	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
816	kp = kp - 1
817	ENDDO
818	!
819	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
820	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
821	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
822
823	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
824	!
825	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
826	kp = kp + k_surf
827	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
828	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
829	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
830	!-- of overhanging structures.
831	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
832	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
833	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
834	CYCLE xloop
835	ENDIF
836	!
837	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
838	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
839	!-- of overhanging structures.
840	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
841	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
842	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
843	THEN
844	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
845	CYCLE xloop
846	ENDIF
847
848	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
849
850	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
851	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
852	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
853	ENDIF
854	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
855	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
856	ENDIF
857	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
858
859	ENDIF
860	ENDDO
861
862	ENDIF
863
864	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
865
866	ENDDO xloop
867
868	ENDIF
869
870	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
871
872	ENDDO
873
874	ENDIF
875
876	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
877
878	ENDDO
879
880	ENDDO
881
882	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
883	DO ip = nxl, nxr
884	DO jp = nys, nyn
885	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
886	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
887	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
888	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
889	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
890	min_nr_particle )
891	ELSE
892	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
893	ENDIF
894	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
895	DO n = 1, alloc_size
896	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
897	ENDDO
898	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
899	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
900	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
901	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
902	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
903	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
904	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
905	ENDIF
906	ENDIF
907	ENDIF
908	ENDDO
909	ENDDO
910	ENDDO
911	ENDIF
912
913	ENDDO
914
915
916
917	local_start = prt_count+1
918	prt_count = local_count
919
920	!
921	!-- Calculate particle IDs
922	DO ip = nxl, nxr
923	DO jp = nys, nyn
924	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
925	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
926	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
927	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
928
929	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
930
931	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
932	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
933	!
934	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
935	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
936	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
937
938	ENDDO
939
940	ENDDO
941	ENDDO
942	ENDDO
943
944	!
945	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
946	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
947	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
948	ENDIF
949
950	!
951	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
952	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
953	DO ip = nxl, nxr
954	DO jp = nys, nyn
955	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
956	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
957	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
958	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
959	!
960	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
961	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
962	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
963	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
964	!-- respectively.
965	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
966	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
967	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
968	pdx(particles(n)%group)
969	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
970	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
971	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
972	)
973	ENDIF
974	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
975	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
976	pdy(particles(n)%group)
977	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
978	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
979	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
980	)
981	ENDIF
982	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
983	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
984	pdz(particles(n)%group)
985	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
986	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dzw(kp), rand_contr ), &
987	ABS( rand_contr ) < dzw(kp) &
988	)
989	ENDIF
990	ENDDO
991	!
992	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
993	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
994	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
995	!
996	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
997	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
998	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
999	particles => &
1000	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1001	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
1002	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
1003	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
1004	k = particles(n)%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
1005	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
1006	k = k + 1
1007	ENDDO
1008	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
1009	k = k - 1
1010	ENDDO
1011	!
1012	!-- Check if particle is within topography
1013	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
1014	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1015	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
1016	ENDIF
1017
1018	ENDDO
1019	ENDDO
1020	ENDDO
1021	ENDDO
1022	!
1023	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
1024	CALL lpm_move_particle
1025	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
1026
1027	ENDIF
1028	!
1029	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
1030	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
1031	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
1032	!-- position.
1033	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
1034
1035	!
1036	!-- Determine the current number of particles
1037	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1038	DO jp = nys, nyn
1039	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1040	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
1041	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1042	ENDDO
1043	ENDDO
1044	ENDDO
1045	!
1046	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
1047	#if defined( __parallel )
1048	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1049	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
1050	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1051	#else
1052	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
1053	#endif
1054
1055	RETURN
1056
1057	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
1058
1059	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
1060
1061	USE arrays_3d, &
1062	ONLY: hyp, pt, q, exner
1063
1064	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
1065	ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, magnus, &
1066	pi, rd_d_rv, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
1067
1068	USE kinds
1069
1070	USE particle_attributes, &
1071	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1072
1073	IMPLICIT NONE
1074
1075	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1076	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1077	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1078	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1079	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1080	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1081	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1082	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1083	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1084	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1085	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1086	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1087
1088	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1089
1090	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1091	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1092	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1093	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1094
1095	!
1096	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1097	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1098	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1099	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1100	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1101	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1102	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1103	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1104	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1105	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1106	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1107	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1108	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1109	ELSE
1110	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1111	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1112	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1113	ENDIF
1114	!
1115	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1116	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1117	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1118	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1119	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1120	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1121	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1122	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1123	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1124	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1125	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1126	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1127	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1128	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1129	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1130	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1131	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1132	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1133	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1134	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1135	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1136	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1137	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1138	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1139	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1140	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1141	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1142	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1143	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1144	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1145	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1146	CONTINUE
1147	ELSE
1148	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1149	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1150	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1151	ENDIF
1152
1153	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1154	DO jp = nys, nyn
1155	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1156
1157	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1158	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1159	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1160
1161	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1162	!
1163	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1164	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1165	!-- weighting factor
1166	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1167
1168	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1169	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1170	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1171
1172	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1173	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1174	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1175	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1176	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1177	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1178	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1179	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1180	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
1181
1182	!
1183	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1184	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1185	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1186
1187	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1188	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1189	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0_wp
1190	ELSE
1191	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1192	ENDIF
1193	!
1194	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1195	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1196
1197	ENDDO
1198	!
1199	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1200	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1201	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1202	!-- the simulation.
1203	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * exner(kp)
1204
1205	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1206	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + rd_d_rv )
1207
1208	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1209	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1210
1211	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1212	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1213	!
1214	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1215	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1216	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1217
1218	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1219	!
1220	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1221	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1222	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1223	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1224	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1225	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1226	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1227	)
1228
1229	ENDDO
1230
1231	ENDDO
1232	ENDDO
1233	ENDDO
1234
1235	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1236
1237	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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