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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3039

Last change on this file since 3039 was 3039, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel $
27	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
28	!
29	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
30	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
31	!
32	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
33	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
34	!
35	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
36	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
37	!
38	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
39	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
40	!
41	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
42	! Changes from last commit documented
43	!
44	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
45	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
46	!
47	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
48	! Change in file header (GPL part)
49	!
50	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
51	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
52	!
53	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
54	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
55	!
56	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
57	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
58	! with scalar grid point of same index.
59	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
60	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
61	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
62	!
63	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
64	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
65	!
66	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
67	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
68	!
69	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
70	! Get topography top index via Function call
71	!
72	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
73	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
74	!
75	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
76	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
77	!
78	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
79	! Changed error messages
80	!
81	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
82	! Unused variables removed.
83	!
84	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
85	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
86	!
87	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
88	!
89	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
90	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
91	!
92	!
93	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
94	! Add check for particle release at model top
95	!
96	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
97	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
98	!
99	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
100	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
101	! Calculation of particle ID
102	!
103	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
104	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
105	!
106	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
107	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
108	! seed_follows_topography.
109	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
110	! than one grid length.
111	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
112	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
113	!
114	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
115	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
116	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
117	! initialization.
118	!
119	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
120	! Module renamed (removed _mod
121	!
122	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
123	! Initialization of aerosols added.
124	!
125	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
126	! Module renamed
127	!
128	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
129	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
130	!
131	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
132	! Unused variables removed.
133	!
134	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
135	! netcdf module added
136	!
137	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
138	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
139	! used.
140	!
141	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
142	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
143	!
144	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
145	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
146	!
147	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
148	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
149	!
150	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
151	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
152	!
153	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
154	! New particle structure integrated.
155	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
156	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
157	!
158	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
159	! -netcdf_output
160	!
161	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
162	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
163	!
164	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
165	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
166	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
167	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
168	! revision history before 2012 removed,
169	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
170	! all variable declaration statements
171	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
172	!
173	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
174	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
175	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
176	!
177	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
178	! unused variables removed
179	!
180	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
181	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
182	!
183	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
184	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
185	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
186	! advec_particles),
187	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
188	!
189	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
190	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
191	!
192	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
193	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
194	! array particles implemented as pointer
195	!
196	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
197	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
198	! of arrays.
199	!
200	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
201	! Initial revision
202	!
203	!
204	! Description:
205	! ------------
206	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
207	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
208	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
209	MODULE lpm_init_mod
210
211	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
212
213	USE arrays_3d, &
214	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
215
216	USE control_parameters, &
217	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
218	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
219	simulated_time
220
221	USE grid_variables, &
222	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
223
224	USE indices, &
225	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
226	nzt, wall_flags_0
227
228	USE kinds
229
230	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
231	ONLY: init_kernels
232
233	USE netcdf_interface, &
234	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
235
236	USE particle_attributes, &
237	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
238	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
239	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
240	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
241	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
242	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
243	number_concentration, &
244	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
245	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
246	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
247	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
248	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
249	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
250	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
251	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
252	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
253	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
254	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
255
256	USE pegrid
257
258	USE random_function_mod, &
259	ONLY: random_function
260
261	USE surface_mod, &
262	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
263
264	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
265	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
266
267	IMPLICIT NONE
268
269	PRIVATE
270
271	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
272	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
273
274	INTERFACE lpm_init
275	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
276	END INTERFACE lpm_init
277
278	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
279	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
280	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
281
282	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
283
284	CONTAINS
285
286	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
287	! Description:
288	! ------------
289	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
290	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
291	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
292
293	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
294	ONLY: init_kernels
295
296	USE pmc_interface, &
297	ONLY: nested_run
298
299	IMPLICIT NONE
300
301	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
302	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
303	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
304
305	REAL(wp) :: div !<
306	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
307	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
308	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
309	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
310
311
312	!
313	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
314	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
315	IF ( ocean ) THEN
316	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
317	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
318	ENDIF
319
320	!
321	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
322	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
323	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
324	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
325	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
326	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
327	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
328	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
329	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
330	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
331	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
332	!
333	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
334	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
335	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
336	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
337	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
338	max_number_of_particle_groups
339	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
340	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
341	ENDIF
342	!
343	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
344	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
345	!-- propably (not realized so far).
346	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
347	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
348	'with particles'
349	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
350
351	ENDIF
352
353	!
354	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
355	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
356	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
357	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
358	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
359	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
360	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
361
362	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
363	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
364	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
365
366	!
367	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
368	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
369	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
370	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
371	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
372	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
373	!
374	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
375	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
376	div = 1000.0_wp
377	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
378	div = div / 10.0_wp
379	ENDDO
380	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
381	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
382	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
383
384	ENDIF
385
386	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
387	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
388	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
389	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
390	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
391	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
392	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
393	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
394	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
395	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
396	ENDDO
397
398	!
399	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
400	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
401	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
402	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
403	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
404	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
405
406	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
407	ENDIF
408
409	!
410	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
411	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
412	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
413	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
414	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
415	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
416	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
417	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
418
419	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
420	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
421
422	!
423	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
424	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
425	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
426	!-- negligible.
427	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
428	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
429	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
430
431	#if defined( __parallel )
432	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
433	comm2d, ierr )
434	#else
435	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
436	#endif
437
438	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
439	!
440	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
441	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
442	!
443	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
444	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
445	!
446	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
447	height_p = z0_av_global
448	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
449
450	height_p = height_p + height_int
451	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
452
453	ENDDO
454
455	ENDIF
456
457	!
458	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
459	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
460
461	CASE ( 'absorb' )
462	ibc_par_b = 1
463
464	CASE ( 'reflect' )
465	ibc_par_b = 2
466
467	CASE DEFAULT
468	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
469	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
470	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
471
472	END SELECT
473	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
474
475	CASE ( 'absorb' )
476	ibc_par_t = 1
477
478	CASE ( 'reflect' )
479	ibc_par_t = 2
480
481	CASE ( 'nested' )
482	ibc_par_t = 3
483
484	CASE DEFAULT
485	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
486	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
487	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
488
489	END SELECT
490	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
491
492	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
493	ibc_par_lr = 0
494
495	CASE ( 'absorb' )
496	ibc_par_lr = 1
497
498	CASE ( 'reflect' )
499	ibc_par_lr = 2
500
501	CASE ( 'nested' )
502	ibc_par_lr = 3
503
504	CASE DEFAULT
505	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
506	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
507	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
508
509	END SELECT
510	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
511
512	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
513	ibc_par_ns = 0
514
515	CASE ( 'absorb' )
516	ibc_par_ns = 1
517
518	CASE ( 'reflect' )
519	ibc_par_ns = 2
520
521	CASE ( 'nested' )
522	ibc_par_ns = 3
523
524	CASE DEFAULT
525	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
526	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
527	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
528
529	END SELECT
530	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
531
532	CASE ( 'const' )
533	i_splitting_mode = 1
534
535	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
536	i_splitting_mode = 2
537
538	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
539	i_splitting_mode = 3
540
541	CASE DEFAULT
542	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
543	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
544	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
545
546	END SELECT
547	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
548
549	CASE ( 'gamma' )
550	isf = 1
551
552	CASE ( 'log' )
553	isf = 2
554
555	CASE ( 'exp' )
556	isf = 3
557
558	CASE DEFAULT
559	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
560	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
561	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
562
563	END SELECT
564
565
566	!
567	!-- Initialize collision kernels
568	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
569
570	!
571	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
572	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
573	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
574	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
575
576	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
577
578	ELSE
579
580	!
581	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
582	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
583	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
584	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
585
586	number_of_particles = 0
587
588	sort_count = 0
589	prt_count = 0
590
591	!
592	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
593	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
594
595	!
596	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
597	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
598	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
599	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
600	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
601	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
602	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
603	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
604
605	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
606
607	!
608	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
609	!-- groups, if necessary
610	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
611	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
612	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
613	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
614	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
615	ENDIF
616	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
617	ENDDO
618
619	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
620	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
621	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
622	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
623	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
624	ENDIF
625	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
626	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
627	ENDDO
628
629	!
630	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
631	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
632	!-- different on the different PEs.
633	iran_part = iran_part + myid
634
635	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
636	!
637	!-- User modification of initial particles
638	CALL user_lpm_init
639
640	!
641	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
642	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
643	CALL check_open( 80 )
644	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
645	number_of_particles
646	CALL close_file( 80 )
647	ENDIF
648
649	ENDIF
650
651	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
652
653	!
654	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
655	!-- first grid cell
656	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
657	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
658	!
659	!-- Formats
660	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
661
662	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
663
664	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
665	! Description:
666	! ------------
667	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
668	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
669	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
670
671	USE arrays_3d, &
672	ONLY: zw
673	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
674	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
675
676	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
677	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
678
679	USE particle_attributes, &
680	ONLY: deleted_particles
681
682	IMPLICIT NONE
683
684	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
685	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
686	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
687	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
688	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
689	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
690	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
691	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
692	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
693	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
694	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
695
696	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
697
698	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
699	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
700
701	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
702
703	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
704	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
705	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
706	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
707
708	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
709
710	!
711	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
712	!-- particle is situated on this PE
713	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
714	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
715	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
716	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
717	ELSE
718	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
719	ENDIF
720
721	!
722	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
723	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
724	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
725	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
726	END IF
727
728	n = 0
729	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
730
731	pos_z = psb(i)
732
733	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
734
735	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
736
737
738	pos_y = pss(i)
739
740	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
741
742	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
743	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
744
745	pos_x = psl(i)
746
747	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
748
749	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
750	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
751
752	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
753
754
755	n = n + 1
756	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
757	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
758	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
759	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
760	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
761	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
762	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
763	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
764	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
765	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
766	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
767	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
768	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
769	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
770	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
771	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
772	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
773	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
774	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
775	ELSE
776	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
777	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
778	ENDIF
779	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
780	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
781	tmp_particle%class = 1
782	tmp_particle%group = i
783	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
784	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
785	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
786	!
787	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
788	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
789	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
790	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
791	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
792	kp = kp + 1
793	ENDDO
794	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
795	kp = kp - 1
796	ENDDO
797	!
798	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
799	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
800	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
801
802	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
803	!
804	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
805	kp = kp + k_surf
806	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
807	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
808	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
809	!-- of overhanging structures.
810	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
811	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
812	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
813	CYCLE xloop
814	ENDIF
815	!
816	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
817	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
818	!-- of overhanging structures.
819	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
820	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
821	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
822	THEN
823	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
824	CYCLE xloop
825	ENDIF
826
827	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
828
829	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
830	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
831	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
832	ENDIF
833	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
834	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
835	ENDIF
836	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
837
838	ENDIF
839	ENDDO
840
841	ENDIF
842
843	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
844
845	ENDDO xloop
846
847	ENDIF
848
849	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
850
851	ENDDO
852
853	ENDIF
854
855	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
856
857	ENDDO
858
859	ENDDO
860
861	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
862	DO ip = nxl, nxr
863	DO jp = nys, nyn
864	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
865	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
866	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
867	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
868	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
869	min_nr_particle )
870	ELSE
871	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
872	ENDIF
873	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
874	DO n = 1, alloc_size
875	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
876	ENDDO
877	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
878	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
879	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
880	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
881	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
882	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
883	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
884	ENDIF
885	ENDIF
886	ENDIF
887	ENDDO
888	ENDDO
889	ENDDO
890	ENDIF
891
892	ENDDO
893
894
895
896	local_start = prt_count+1
897	prt_count = local_count
898
899	!
900	!-- Calculate particle IDs
901	DO ip = nxl, nxr
902	DO jp = nys, nyn
903	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
904	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
905	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
906	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
907
908	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
909
910	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
911	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
912	!
913	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
914	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
915	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
916
917	ENDDO
918
919	ENDDO
920	ENDDO
921	ENDDO
922
923	!
924	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
925	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
926	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
927	ENDIF
928
929	!
930	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
931	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
932	DO ip = nxl, nxr
933	DO jp = nys, nyn
934	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
935	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
936	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
937	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
938	!
939	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
940	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
941	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
942	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
943	!-- respectively.
944	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
945	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
946	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
947	pdx(particles(n)%group)
948	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
949	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
950	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
951	)
952	ENDIF
953	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
954	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
955	pdy(particles(n)%group)
956	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
957	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
958	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
959	)
960	ENDIF
961	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
962	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
963	pdz(particles(n)%group)
964	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
965	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
966	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
967	)
968	ENDIF
969	ENDDO
970	!
971	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
972	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
973	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
974	!
975	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
976	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
977	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
978	particles => &
979	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
980	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
981	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
982	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
983	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
984	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
985	k = k + 1
986	ENDDO
987	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
988	k = k - 1
989	ENDDO
990	!
991	!-- Check if particle is within topography
992	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
993	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
994	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
995	ENDIF
996
997	ENDDO
998	ENDDO
999	ENDDO
1000	ENDDO
1001	!
1002	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
1003	CALL lpm_move_particle
1004	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
1005
1006	ENDIF
1007	!
1008	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
1009	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
1010	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
1011	!-- position.
1012	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
1013
1014	!
1015	!-- Determine the current number of particles
1016	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1017	DO jp = nys, nyn
1018	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1019	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
1020	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1021	ENDDO
1022	ENDDO
1023	ENDDO
1024	!
1025	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
1026	#if defined( __parallel )
1027	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1028	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
1029	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1030	#else
1031	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
1032	#endif
1033
1034	RETURN
1035
1036	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
1037
1038	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
1039
1040	USE arrays_3d, &
1041	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
1042
1043	USE cloud_parameters, &
1044	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
1045	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
1046
1047	USE constants, &
1048	ONLY: pi
1049
1050	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
1051	ONLY: magnus
1052
1053
1054	USE kinds
1055
1056	USE particle_attributes, &
1057	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1058
1059	IMPLICIT NONE
1060
1061	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1062	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1063	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1064	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1065	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1066	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1067	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1068	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1069	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1070	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1071	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1072	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1073
1074	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1075
1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1077	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1078	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1079	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1080
1081	!
1082	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1083	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1084	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1085	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1086	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1087	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1088	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1089	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1090	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1091	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1092	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1093	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1094	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1095	ELSE
1096	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1097	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1098	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1099	ENDIF
1100	!
1101	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1102	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1103	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1104	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1105	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1106	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1107	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1108	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1109	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1110	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1111	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1112	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1113	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1114	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1115	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1116	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1117	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1118	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1119	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1120	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1121	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1122	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1123	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1124	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1125	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1126	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1127	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1128	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1129	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1130	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1131	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1132	CONTINUE
1133	ELSE
1134	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1135	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1136	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1137	ENDIF
1138
1139	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1140	DO jp = nys, nyn
1141	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1142
1143	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1144	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1145	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1146
1147	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1148	!
1149	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1150	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1151	!-- weighting factor
1152	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1153
1154	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1155	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1156	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1157
1158	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1159	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1160	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1161	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1162	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1163	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1164	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1165	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1166	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
1167
1168	!
1169	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1170	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1171	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1172
1173	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1174	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1175	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1176	ELSE
1177	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1178	ENDIF
1179	!
1180	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1181	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1182
1183	ENDDO
1184	!
1185	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1186	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1187	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1188	!-- the simulation.
1189	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1190
1191	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1192	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1193
1194	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1195	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1196
1197	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1198	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1199	!
1200	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1201	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1202	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1203
1204	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1205	!
1206	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1207	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1208	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1209	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1210	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1211	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1212	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1213	)
1214
1215	ENDDO
1216
1217	ENDDO
1218	ENDDO
1219	ENDDO
1220
1221	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1222
1223	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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