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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2723

Last change on this file since 2723 was 2718, checked in by maronga, 7 years ago
deleting of deprecated files; headers updated where needed
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga $
27	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
28	!
29	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
30	! Changes from last commit documented
31	!
32	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
33	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
34	!
35	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
36	! Change in file header (GPL part)
37	!
38	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
39	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
40	!
41	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
42	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
43	!
44	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
45	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
46	! with scalar grid point of same index.
47	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
48	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
49	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
50	!
51	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
52	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
53	!
54	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
55	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
56	!
57	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
58	! Get topography top index via Function call
59	!
60	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
61	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
62	!
63	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
64	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
65	!
66	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
67	! Changed error messages
68	!
69	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
70	! Unused variables removed.
71	!
72	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
73	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
74	!
75	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
76	!
77	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
78	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
79	!
80	!
81	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
82	! Add check for particle release at model top
83	!
84	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
85	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
86	!
87	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
88	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
89	! Calculation of particle ID
90	!
91	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
92	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
93	!
94	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
95	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
96	! seed_follows_topography.
97	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
98	! than one grid length.
99	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
100	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
101	!
102	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
103	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
104	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
105	! initialization.
106	!
107	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
108	! Module renamed (removed _mod
109	!
110	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
111	! Initialization of aerosols added.
112	!
113	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
114	! Module renamed
115	!
116	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
117	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
118	!
119	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
120	! Unused variables removed.
121	!
122	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
123	! netcdf module added
124	!
125	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
126	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
127	! used.
128	!
129	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
130	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
131	!
132	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
133	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
134	!
135	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
136	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
137	!
138	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
139	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
140	!
141	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
142	! New particle structure integrated.
143	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
144	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
145	!
146	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
147	! -netcdf_output
148	!
149	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
150	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
151	!
152	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
153	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
154	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
155	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
156	! revision history before 2012 removed,
157	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
158	! all variable declaration statements
159	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
160	!
161	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
162	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
163	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
164	!
165	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
166	! unused variables removed
167	!
168	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
169	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
170	!
171	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
172	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
173	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
174	! advec_particles),
175	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
176	!
177	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
178	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
179	!
180	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
181	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
182	! array particles implemented as pointer
183	!
184	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
185	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
186	! of arrays.
187	!
188	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
189	! Initial revision
190	!
191	!
192	! Description:
193	! ------------
194	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
195	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
196	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
197	MODULE lpm_init_mod
198
199	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
200
201	USE arrays_3d, &
202	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
203
204	USE control_parameters, &
205	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
206	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
207	simulated_time
208
209	USE grid_variables, &
210	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
211
212	USE indices, &
213	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
214	nzt, wall_flags_0
215
216	USE kinds
217
218	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
219	ONLY: init_kernels
220
221	USE netcdf_interface, &
222	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
223
224	USE particle_attributes, &
225	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
226	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
227	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
228	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
229	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
230	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
231	number_concentration, &
232	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
233	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
234	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
235	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
236	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
237	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
238	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
239	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
240	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
241	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
242	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
243
244	USE pegrid
245
246	USE random_function_mod, &
247	ONLY: random_function
248
249	USE surface_mod, &
250	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
251
252	IMPLICIT NONE
253
254	PRIVATE
255
256	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
257	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
258
259	INTERFACE lpm_init
260	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
261	END INTERFACE lpm_init
262
263	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
264	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
265	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
266
267	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
268
269	CONTAINS
270
271	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
272	! Description:
273	! ------------
274	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
275	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
276	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
277
278	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
279	ONLY: init_kernels
280
281	IMPLICIT NONE
282
283	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
284	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
285	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
286
287	REAL(wp) :: div !<
288	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
289	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
290	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
291	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
292
293
294	!
295	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
296	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
297	IF ( ocean ) THEN
298	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
299	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
300	ENDIF
301
302	!
303	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
304	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
305	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
306	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
307	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
308	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
309	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
310	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
311	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
312	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
313	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
314	!
315	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
316	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
317	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
318	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
319	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
320	max_number_of_particle_groups
321	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
322	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
323	ENDIF
324	!
325	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
326	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
327	!-- propably (not realized so far).
328	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
329	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
330	'with particles'
331	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
332
333	ENDIF
334
335	!
336	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
337	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
338	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
339	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
340	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
341	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
342	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
343
344	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
345	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
346	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
347
348	!
349	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
350	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
351	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
352	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
353	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
354	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
355	!
356	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
357	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
358	div = 1000.0_wp
359	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
360	div = div / 10.0_wp
361	ENDDO
362	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
363	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
364	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
365
366	ENDIF
367
368	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
369	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
370	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
371	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
372	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
373	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
374	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
375	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
376	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
377	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
378	ENDDO
379
380	!
381	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
382	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
383	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
384	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
385	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
386	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
387
388	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
389	ENDIF
390
391	!
392	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
393	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
394	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
395	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
396	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
397	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
398	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
399	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
400
401	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
402	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
403
404	!
405	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
406	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
407	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
408	!-- negligible.
409	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
410	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
411	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
412
413	#if defined( __parallel )
414	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
415	comm2d, ierr )
416	#else
417	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
418	#endif
419
420	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
421	!
422	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
423	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
424	!
425	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
426	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
427	!
428	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
429	height_p = z0_av_global
430	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
431
432	height_p = height_p + height_int
433	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
434
435	ENDDO
436
437	ENDIF
438
439	!
440	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
441	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
442
443	CASE ( 'absorb' )
444	ibc_par_b = 1
445
446	CASE ( 'reflect' )
447	ibc_par_b = 2
448
449	CASE DEFAULT
450	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
451	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
452	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
453
454	END SELECT
455	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
456
457	CASE ( 'absorb' )
458	ibc_par_t = 1
459
460	CASE ( 'reflect' )
461	ibc_par_t = 2
462
463	CASE DEFAULT
464	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
465	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
466	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
467
468	END SELECT
469	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
470
471	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
472	ibc_par_lr = 0
473
474	CASE ( 'absorb' )
475	ibc_par_lr = 1
476
477	CASE ( 'reflect' )
478	ibc_par_lr = 2
479
480	CASE DEFAULT
481	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
482	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
483	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
484
485	END SELECT
486	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
487
488	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
489	ibc_par_ns = 0
490
491	CASE ( 'absorb' )
492	ibc_par_ns = 1
493
494	CASE ( 'reflect' )
495	ibc_par_ns = 2
496
497	CASE DEFAULT
498	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
499	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
500	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
501
502	END SELECT
503	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
504
505	CASE ( 'const' )
506	i_splitting_mode = 1
507
508	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
509	i_splitting_mode = 2
510
511	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
512	i_splitting_mode = 3
513
514	CASE DEFAULT
515	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
516	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
517	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
518
519	END SELECT
520	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
521
522	CASE ( 'gamma' )
523	isf = 1
524
525	CASE ( 'log' )
526	isf = 2
527
528	CASE ( 'exp' )
529	isf = 3
530
531	CASE DEFAULT
532	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
533	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
534	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
535
536	END SELECT
537
538
539	!
540	!-- Initialize collision kernels
541	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
542
543	!
544	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
545	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
546	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
547	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
548
549	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
550
551	ELSE
552
553	!
554	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
555	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
556	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
557	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
558
559	number_of_particles = 0
560
561	sort_count = 0
562	prt_count = 0
563
564	!
565	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
566	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
567
568	!
569	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
570	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
571	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
572	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
573	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
574	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
575	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
576	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
577
578	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
579
580	!
581	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
582	!-- groups, if necessary
583	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
584	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
585	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
586	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
587	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
588	ENDIF
589	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
590	ENDDO
591
592	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
593	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
594	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
595	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
596	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
597	ENDIF
598	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
599	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
600	ENDDO
601
602	!
603	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
604	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
605	!-- different on the different PEs.
606	iran_part = iran_part + myid
607
608	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
609	!
610	!-- User modification of initial particles
611	CALL user_lpm_init
612
613	!
614	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
615	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
616	CALL check_open( 80 )
617	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
618	number_of_particles
619	CALL close_file( 80 )
620	ENDIF
621
622	ENDIF
623
624	!
625	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
626	!-- first grid cell
627	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
628	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
629	!
630	!-- Formats
631	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
632
633	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
634
635	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
636	! Description:
637	! ------------
638	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
639	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
640	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
641
642	USE arrays_3d, &
643	ONLY: zw
644	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
645	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
646
647	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
648	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
649
650	USE particle_attributes, &
651	ONLY: deleted_particles
652
653	IMPLICIT NONE
654
655	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
656	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
657	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
658	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
659	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
660	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
661	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
662	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
663	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
664	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
665	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
666
667	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
668
669	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
670	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
671
672	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
673
674	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
675	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
676	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
677	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
678
679	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
680
681	!
682	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
683	!-- particle is situated on this PE
684	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
685	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
686	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
687	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
688	ELSE
689	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
690	ENDIF
691
692	!
693	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
694	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
695	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
696	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
697	END IF
698
699	n = 0
700	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
701
702	pos_z = psb(i)
703
704	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
705
706	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
707
708
709	pos_y = pss(i)
710
711	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
712
713	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
714	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
715
716	pos_x = psl(i)
717
718	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
719
720	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
721	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
722
723	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
724
725
726	n = n + 1
727	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
728	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
729	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
730	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
731	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
732	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
733	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
734	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
735	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
736	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
737	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
738	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
739	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
740	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
741	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
742	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
743	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
744	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
745	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
746	ELSE
747	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
748	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
749	ENDIF
750	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
751	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
752	tmp_particle%class = 1
753	tmp_particle%group = i
754	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
755	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
756	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
757	!
758	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
759	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
760	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
761	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
762	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
763	kp = kp + 1
764	ENDDO
765	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
766	kp = kp - 1
767	ENDDO
768	!
769	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
770	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
771	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
772
773	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
774	!
775	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
776	kp = kp + k_surf
777	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
778	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
779	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
780	!-- of overhanging structures.
781	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
782	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
783	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
784	CYCLE xloop
785	ENDIF
786	!
787	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
788	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
789	!-- of overhanging structures.
790	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
791	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
792	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
793	THEN
794	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
795	CYCLE xloop
796	ENDIF
797
798	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
799
800	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
801	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
802	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
803	ENDIF
804	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
805	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
806	ENDIF
807	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
808
809	ENDIF
810	ENDDO
811
812	ENDIF
813
814	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
815
816	ENDDO xloop
817
818	ENDIF
819
820	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
821
822	ENDDO
823
824	ENDIF
825
826	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
827
828	ENDDO
829
830	ENDDO
831
832	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
833	DO ip = nxl, nxr
834	DO jp = nys, nyn
835	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
836	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
837	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
838	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
839	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
840	min_nr_particle )
841	ELSE
842	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
843	ENDIF
844	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
845	DO n = 1, alloc_size
846	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
847	ENDDO
848	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
849	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
850	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
851	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
852	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
853	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
854	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
855	ENDIF
856	ENDIF
857	ENDIF
858	ENDDO
859	ENDDO
860	ENDDO
861	ENDIF
862
863	ENDDO
864
865
866
867	local_start = prt_count+1
868	prt_count = local_count
869
870	!
871	!-- Calculate particle IDs
872	DO ip = nxl, nxr
873	DO jp = nys, nyn
874	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
875	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
876	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
877	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
878
879	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
880
881	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
882	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
883	!
884	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
885	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
886	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
887
888	ENDDO
889
890	ENDDO
891	ENDDO
892	ENDDO
893
894	!
895	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
896	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
897	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
898	ENDIF
899
900	!
901	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
902	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
903	DO ip = nxl, nxr
904	DO jp = nys, nyn
905	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
906	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
907	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
908	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
909	!
910	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
911	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
912	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
913	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
914	!-- respectively.
915	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
916	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
917	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
918	pdx(particles(n)%group)
919	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
920	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
921	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
922	)
923	ENDIF
924	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
925	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
926	pdy(particles(n)%group)
927	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
928	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
929	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
930	)
931	ENDIF
932	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
933	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
934	pdz(particles(n)%group)
935	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
936	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
937	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
938	)
939	ENDIF
940	ENDDO
941	!
942	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
943	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
944	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
945	!
946	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
947	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
948	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
949	particles => &
950	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
951	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
952	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
953	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
954	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
955	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
956	k = k + 1
957	ENDDO
958	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
959	k = k - 1
960	ENDDO
961	!
962	!-- Check if particle is within topography
963	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
964	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
965	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
966	ENDIF
967
968	ENDDO
969	ENDDO
970	ENDDO
971	ENDDO
972	!
973	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
974	CALL lpm_move_particle
975	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
976
977	ENDIF
978	!
979	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
980	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
981	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
982	!-- position.
983	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
984
985	!
986	!-- Determine the current number of particles
987	DO ip = nxl, nxr
988	DO jp = nys, nyn
989	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
990	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
991	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
992	ENDDO
993	ENDDO
994	ENDDO
995	!
996	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
997	#if defined( __parallel )
998	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
999	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
1000	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1001	#else
1002	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
1003	#endif
1004
1005	RETURN
1006
1007	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
1008
1009	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
1010
1011	USE arrays_3d, &
1012	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
1013
1014	USE cloud_parameters, &
1015	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
1016	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
1017
1018	USE constants, &
1019	ONLY: pi
1020
1021	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
1022	ONLY: magnus
1023
1024
1025	USE kinds
1026
1027	USE particle_attributes, &
1028	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1029
1030	IMPLICIT NONE
1031
1032	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1033	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1034	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1035	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1036	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1037	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1038	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1039	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1040	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1041	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1042	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1043	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1044
1045	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1046
1047	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1048	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1049	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1051
1052	!
1053	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1054	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1055	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1056	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1057	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1058	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1059	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1060	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1061	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1062	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1063	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1064	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1065	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1066	ELSE
1067	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1068	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1069	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1070	ENDIF
1071	!
1072	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1073	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1074	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1075	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1076	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1077	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1078	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1079	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1080	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1081	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1082	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1083	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1084	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1085	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1086	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1087	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1088	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1089	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1090	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1091	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1092	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1093	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1094	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1095	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1096	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1097	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1098	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1099	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1100	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1101	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1102	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1103	CONTINUE
1104	ELSE
1105	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1106	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1107	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1108	ENDIF
1109
1110	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1111	DO jp = nys, nyn
1112	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1113
1114	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1115	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1116	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1117
1118	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1119	!
1120	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1121	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1122	!-- weighting factor
1123	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1124
1125	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1126	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1127	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1128
1129	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1130	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1131	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1132	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1133	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1134	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1135	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1136	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1137	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
1138
1139	!
1140	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1141	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1142	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1143
1144	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1145	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1146	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1147	ELSE
1148	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1149	ENDIF
1150	!
1151	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1152	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1153
1154	ENDDO
1155	!
1156	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1157	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1158	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1159	!-- the simulation.
1160	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1161
1162	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1163	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1164
1165	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1166	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1167
1168	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1169	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1170	!
1171	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1172	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1173	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1174
1175	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1176	!
1177	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1178	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1179	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1180	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1181	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1182	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1183	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1184	)
1185
1186	ENDDO
1187
1188	ENDDO
1189	ENDDO
1190	ENDDO
1191
1192	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1193
1194	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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