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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2618

Last change on this file since 2618 was 2608, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
Inital revision of diagnostic_quantities_mod allows unified calculation of magnus equation and saturion mixing ratio
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z suehring $
27	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
28	!
29	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
30	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
31	! with scalar grid point of same index.
32	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
33	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
34	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
35	!
36	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
37	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
38	!
39	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
40	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
41	!
42	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
43	! Get topography top index via Function call
44	!
45	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
46	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
47	!
48	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
49	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
50	!
51	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
52	! Changed error messages
53	!
54	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
55	! Unused variables removed.
56	!
57	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
58	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
59	!
60	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
61	!
62	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
63	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
64	!
65	!
66	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
67	! Add check for particle release at model top
68	!
69	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
70	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
71	!
72	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
73	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
74	! Calculation of particle ID
75	!
76	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
77	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
78	!
79	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
80	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
81	! seed_follows_topography.
82	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
83	! than one grid length.
84	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
85	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
86	!
87	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
88	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
89	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
90	! initialization.
91	!
92	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
93	! Module renamed (removed _mod
94	!
95	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
96	! Initialization of aerosols added.
97	!
98	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
99	! Module renamed
100	!
101	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
102	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
103	!
104	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
105	! Unused variables removed.
106	!
107	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
108	! netcdf module added
109	!
110	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
111	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
112	! used.
113	!
114	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
115	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
116	!
117	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
118	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
119	!
120	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
121	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
122	!
123	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
124	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
125	!
126	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
127	! New particle structure integrated.
128	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
129	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
130	!
131	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
132	! -netcdf_output
133	!
134	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
135	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
136	!
137	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
138	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
139	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
140	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
141	! revision history before 2012 removed,
142	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
143	! all variable declaration statements
144	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
145	!
146	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
147	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
148	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
149	!
150	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
151	! unused variables removed
152	!
153	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
154	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
155	!
156	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
157	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
158	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
159	! advec_particles),
160	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
161	!
162	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
163	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
164	!
165	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
166	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
167	! array particles implemented as pointer
168	!
169	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
170	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
171	! of arrays.
172	!
173	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
174	! Initial revision
175	!
176	!
177	! Description:
178	! ------------
179	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
180	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
181	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
182	MODULE lpm_init_mod
183
184	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
185
186	USE arrays_3d, &
187	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
188
189	USE control_parameters, &
190	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
191	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
192	simulated_time
193
194	USE grid_variables, &
195	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
196
197	USE indices, &
198	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
199	nzt, wall_flags_0
200
201	USE kinds
202
203	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
204	ONLY: init_kernels
205
206	USE netcdf_interface, &
207	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
208
209	USE particle_attributes, &
210	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
211	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
212	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
213	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
214	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
215	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
216	number_concentration, &
217	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
218	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
219	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
220	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
221	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
222	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
223	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
224	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
225	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
226	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
227	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
228
229	USE pegrid
230
231	USE random_function_mod, &
232	ONLY: random_function
233
234	USE surface_mod, &
235	ONLY: get_topography_top_index, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
236
237	IMPLICIT NONE
238
239	PRIVATE
240
241	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
242	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
243
244	INTERFACE lpm_init
245	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
246	END INTERFACE lpm_init
247
248	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
249	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
250	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
251
252	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
253
254	CONTAINS
255
256	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
257	! Description:
258	! ------------
259	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
260	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
261	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
262
263	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
264	ONLY: init_kernels
265
266	IMPLICIT NONE
267
268	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
269	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
270	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
271
272	REAL(wp) :: div !<
273	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
274	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
275	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
276	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
277
278
279	!
280	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
281	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
282	IF ( ocean ) THEN
283	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
284	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
285	ENDIF
286
287	!
288	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
289	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
290	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
291	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
292	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
293	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
294	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
295	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
296	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
297	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
298	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
299	!
300	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
301	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
302	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
303	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
304	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
305	max_number_of_particle_groups
306	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
307	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
308	ENDIF
309	!
310	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
311	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
312	!-- propably (not realized so far).
313	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
314	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
315	'with particles'
316	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
317
318	ENDIF
319
320	!
321	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
322	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
323	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
324	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
325	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
326	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
327	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
328
329	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
330	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
331	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
332
333	!
334	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
335	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
336	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
337	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
338	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
339	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
340	!
341	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
342	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
343	div = 1000.0_wp
344	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
345	div = div / 10.0_wp
346	ENDDO
347	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
348	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
349	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
350
351	ENDIF
352
353	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
354	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
355	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
356	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
357	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
358	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
359	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
360	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
361	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
362	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
363	ENDDO
364
365	!
366	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
367	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
368	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
369	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
370	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
371	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
372
373	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
374	ENDIF
375
376	!
377	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
378	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
379	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
380	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
381	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
382	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
383	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
384	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
385
386	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
387	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
388
389	!
390	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
391	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
392	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
393	!-- negligible.
394	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
395	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
396	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
397
398	#if defined( __parallel )
399	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
400	comm2d, ierr )
401	#else
402	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
403	#endif
404
405	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
406	!
407	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
408	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
409	!
410	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
411	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
412	!
413	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
414	height_p = z0_av_global
415	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
416
417	height_p = height_p + height_int
418	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
419
420	ENDDO
421
422	ENDIF
423
424	!
425	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
426	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
427
428	CASE ( 'absorb' )
429	ibc_par_b = 1
430
431	CASE ( 'reflect' )
432	ibc_par_b = 2
433
434	CASE DEFAULT
435	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
436	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
437	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
438
439	END SELECT
440	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
441
442	CASE ( 'absorb' )
443	ibc_par_t = 1
444
445	CASE ( 'reflect' )
446	ibc_par_t = 2
447
448	CASE DEFAULT
449	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
450	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
451	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
452
453	END SELECT
454	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
455
456	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
457	ibc_par_lr = 0
458
459	CASE ( 'absorb' )
460	ibc_par_lr = 1
461
462	CASE ( 'reflect' )
463	ibc_par_lr = 2
464
465	CASE DEFAULT
466	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
467	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
468	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
469
470	END SELECT
471	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
472
473	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
474	ibc_par_ns = 0
475
476	CASE ( 'absorb' )
477	ibc_par_ns = 1
478
479	CASE ( 'reflect' )
480	ibc_par_ns = 2
481
482	CASE DEFAULT
483	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
484	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
485	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
486
487	END SELECT
488	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
489
490	CASE ( 'const' )
491	i_splitting_mode = 1
492
493	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
494	i_splitting_mode = 2
495
496	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
497	i_splitting_mode = 3
498
499	CASE DEFAULT
500	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
501	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
502	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
503
504	END SELECT
505	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
506
507	CASE ( 'gamma' )
508	isf = 1
509
510	CASE ( 'log' )
511	isf = 2
512
513	CASE ( 'exp' )
514	isf = 3
515
516	CASE DEFAULT
517	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
518	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
519	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
520
521	END SELECT
522
523
524	!
525	!-- Initialize collision kernels
526	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
527
528	!
529	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
530	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
531	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
532	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
533
534	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
535
536	ELSE
537
538	!
539	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
540	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
541	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
542	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
543
544	number_of_particles = 0
545
546	sort_count = 0
547	prt_count = 0
548
549	!
550	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
551	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
552
553	!
554	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
555	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
556	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
557	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
558	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
559	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
560	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
561	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
562
563	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
564
565	!
566	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
567	!-- groups, if necessary
568	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
569	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
570	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
571	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
572	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
573	ENDIF
574	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
575	ENDDO
576
577	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
578	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
579	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
580	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
581	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
582	ENDIF
583	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
584	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
585	ENDDO
586
587	!
588	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
589	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
590	!-- different on the different PEs.
591	iran_part = iran_part + myid
592
593	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
594	!
595	!-- User modification of initial particles
596	CALL user_lpm_init
597
598	!
599	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
600	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
601	CALL check_open( 80 )
602	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
603	number_of_particles
604	CALL close_file( 80 )
605	ENDIF
606
607	ENDIF
608
609	!
610	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
611	!-- first grid cell
612	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
613	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
614	!
615	!-- Formats
616	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
617
618	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
619
620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
621	! Description:
622	! ------------
623	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
625	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
626
627	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
628	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
629
630	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
631	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
632
633	USE particle_attributes, &
634	ONLY: deleted_particles
635
636	IMPLICIT NONE
637
638	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
639	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
640	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
641	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
642	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
643	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
644	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
645	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
646	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
647	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
648	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
649
650	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
651
652	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
653	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
654
655	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
656
657	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
658	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
659	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
660	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
661
662	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
663
664	!
665	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
666	!-- particle is situated on this PE
667	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
668	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
669	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
670	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
671	ELSE
672	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
673	ENDIF
674
675	!
676	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
677	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
678	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
679	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
680	END IF
681
682	n = 0
683	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
684
685	pos_z = psb(i)
686
687	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
688
689	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
690
691
692	pos_y = pss(i)
693
694	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
695
696	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
697	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
698
699	pos_x = psl(i)
700
701	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
702
703	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
704	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
705
706	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
707
708
709	n = n + 1
710	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
711	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
712	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
713	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
714	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
715	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
716	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
717	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
718	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
719	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
720	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
721	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
722	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
723	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
724	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
725	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
726	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
727	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
728	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
729	ELSE
730	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
731	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
732	ENDIF
733	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
734	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
735	tmp_particle%class = 1
736	tmp_particle%group = i
737	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
738	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
739	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
740	!
741	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
742	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
743	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
744	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
745	!
746	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
747	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
748	k_surf = get_topography_top_index( jp, ip, 'w' )
749
750	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
751	!
752	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
753	kp = kp + k_surf
754	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
755	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
756	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
757	!-- of overhanging structures.
758	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
759	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
760	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
761	CYCLE xloop
762	ENDIF
763	!
764	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
765	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
766	!-- of overhanging structures.
767	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
768	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
769	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
770	THEN
771	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
772	CYCLE xloop
773	ENDIF
774
775	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
776
777	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
778	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
779	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
780	ENDIF
781	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
782	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
783	ENDIF
784	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
785
786	ENDIF
787	ENDDO
788
789	ENDIF
790
791	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
792
793	ENDDO xloop
794
795	ENDIF
796
797	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
798
799	ENDDO
800
801	ENDIF
802
803	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
804
805	ENDDO
806
807	ENDDO
808
809	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
810	DO ip = nxl, nxr
811	DO jp = nys, nyn
812	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
813	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
814	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
815	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
816	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
817	min_nr_particle )
818	ELSE
819	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
820	ENDIF
821	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
822	DO n = 1, alloc_size
823	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
824	ENDDO
825	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
826	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
827	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
828	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
829	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
830	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
831	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
832	ENDIF
833	ENDIF
834	ENDIF
835	ENDDO
836	ENDDO
837	ENDDO
838	ENDIF
839
840	ENDDO
841
842
843
844	local_start = prt_count+1
845	prt_count = local_count
846
847	!
848	!-- Calculate particle IDs
849	DO ip = nxl, nxr
850	DO jp = nys, nyn
851	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
852	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
853	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
854	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
855
856	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
857
858	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
859	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
860	!
861	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
862	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
863	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
864
865	ENDDO
866
867	ENDDO
868	ENDDO
869	ENDDO
870
871	!
872	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
873	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
874	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
875	ENDIF
876
877	!
878	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
879	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
880	DO ip = nxl, nxr
881	DO jp = nys, nyn
882	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
883	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
884	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
885	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
886	!
887	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
888	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
889	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
890	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
891	!-- respectively.
892	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
893	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
894	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
895	pdx(particles(n)%group)
896	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
897	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
898	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
899	)
900	ENDIF
901	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
902	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
903	pdy(particles(n)%group)
904	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
905	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
906	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
907	)
908	ENDIF
909	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
910	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
911	pdz(particles(n)%group)
912	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
913	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
914	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
915	)
916	ENDIF
917	ENDDO
918	!
919	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
920	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
921	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
922	!
923	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
924	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
925	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
926	particles => &
927	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
928	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
929	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
930	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
931	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
932	!
933	!-- Check if particle is within topography
934	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
935	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
936	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
937	ENDIF
938
939	ENDDO
940	ENDDO
941	ENDDO
942	ENDDO
943	!
944	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
945	CALL lpm_move_particle
946	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
947
948	ENDIF
949	!
950	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
951	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
952	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
953	!-- position.
954	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
955
956	!
957	!-- Determine the current number of particles
958	DO ip = nxl, nxr
959	DO jp = nys, nyn
960	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
961	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
962	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
963	ENDDO
964	ENDDO
965	ENDDO
966	!
967	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
968	#if defined( __parallel )
969	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
970	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
971	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
972	#else
973	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
974	#endif
975
976	RETURN
977
978	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
979
980	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
981
982	USE arrays_3d, &
983	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
984
985	USE cloud_parameters, &
986	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
987	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
988
989	USE constants, &
990	ONLY: pi
991
992	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
993	ONLY: magnus
994
995
996	USE kinds
997
998	USE particle_attributes, &
999	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1000
1001	IMPLICIT NONE
1002
1003	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1004	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1005	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1006	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1007	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1008	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1009	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1010	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1011	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1012	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1013	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1014	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1015
1016	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1017
1018	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1019	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1020	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1021	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1022
1023	!
1024	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1025	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1026	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1027	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1028	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1029	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1030	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1031	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1032	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1033	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1034	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1035	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1036	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1037	ELSE
1038	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1039	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1040	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1041	ENDIF
1042	!
1043	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1044	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1045	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1046	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1047	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1048	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1049	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1050	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1051	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1052	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1053	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1054	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1055	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1056	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1057	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1058	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1059	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1060	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1061	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1062	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1063	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1064	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1065	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1066	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1067	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1068	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1069	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1070	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1071	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1072	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1073	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1074	CONTINUE
1075	ELSE
1076	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1077	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1078	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1079	ENDIF
1080
1081	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1082	DO jp = nys, nyn
1083	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1084
1085	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1086	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1087	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1088
1089	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1090	!
1091	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1092	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1093	!-- weighting factor
1094	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1095
1096	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1097	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1098	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1099
1100	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1101	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1102	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1103	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1104	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1105	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1106	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1107	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1108	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
1109
1110	!
1111	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1112	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1113	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1114
1115	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1116	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1117	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1118	ELSE
1119	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1120	ENDIF
1121	!
1122	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1123	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1124
1125	ENDDO
1126	!
1127	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1128	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1129	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1130	!-- the simulation.
1131	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1132
1133	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1134	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1135
1136	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1137	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1138
1139	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1140	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1141	!
1142	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1143	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1144	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1145
1146	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1147	!
1148	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1149	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1150	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1151	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1152	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1153	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1154	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1155	)
1156
1157	ENDDO
1158
1159	ENDDO
1160	ENDDO
1161	ENDDO
1162
1163	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1164
1165	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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