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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2350

Last change on this file since 2350 was 2346, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
Determination of topography-top index corrected
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 43.9 KB

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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z kanani $
27	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
28	!
29	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
30	! Get topography top index via Function call
31	!
32	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
33	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
34	!
35	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
36	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
37	!
38	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
39	! Changed error messages
40	!
41	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
42	! Unused variables removed.
43	!
44	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
45	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
46	!
47	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
48	!
49	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
50	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
51	!
52	!
53	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
54	! Add check for particle release at model top
55	!
56	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
57	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
58	!
59	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
60	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
61	! Calculation of particle ID
62	!
63	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
64	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
65	!
66	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
67	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
68	! seed_follows_topography.
69	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
70	! than one grid length.
71	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
72	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
73	!
74	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
75	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
76	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
77	! initialization.
78	!
79	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
80	! Module renamed (removed _mod
81	!
82	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
83	! Initialization of aerosols added.
84	!
85	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
86	! Module renamed
87	!
88	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
89	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
90	!
91	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
92	! Unused variables removed.
93	!
94	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
95	! netcdf module added
96	!
97	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
98	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
99	! used.
100	!
101	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
102	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
103	!
104	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
105	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
106	!
107	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
108	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
109	!
110	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
111	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
112	!
113	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
114	! New particle structure integrated.
115	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
116	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
117	!
118	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
119	! -netcdf_output
120	!
121	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
122	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
123	!
124	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
125	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
126	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
127	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
128	! revision history before 2012 removed,
129	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
130	! all variable declaration statements
131	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
132	!
133	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
134	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
135	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
136	!
137	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
138	! unused variables removed
139	!
140	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
141	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
142	!
143	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
144	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
145	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
146	! advec_particles),
147	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
148	!
149	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
150	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
151	!
152	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
153	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
154	! array particles implemented as pointer
155	!
156	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
157	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
158	! of arrays.
159	!
160	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
161	! Initial revision
162	!
163	!
164	! Description:
165	! ------------
166	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
167	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
168	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
169	MODULE lpm_init_mod
170
171	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
172
173	USE arrays_3d, &
174	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
175
176	USE control_parameters, &
177	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
178	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
179	simulated_time
180
181	USE grid_variables, &
182	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
183
184	USE indices, &
185	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
186	nzt, wall_flags_0
187
188	USE kinds
189
190	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
191	ONLY: init_kernels
192
193	USE netcdf_interface, &
194	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
195
196	USE particle_attributes, &
197	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
198	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
199	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
200	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
201	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
202	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
203	number_concentration, &
204	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
205	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
206	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
207	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
208	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
209	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
210	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
211	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
212	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
213	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
214	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
215
216	USE pegrid
217
218	USE random_function_mod, &
219	ONLY: random_function
220
221	USE surface_mod, &
222	ONLY: get_topography_top_index, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
223
224	IMPLICIT NONE
225
226	PRIVATE
227
228	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
229	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
230
231	INTERFACE lpm_init
232	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
233	END INTERFACE lpm_init
234
235	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
236	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
237	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
238
239	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
240
241	CONTAINS
242
243	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
244	! Description:
245	! ------------
246	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
247	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
248	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
249
250	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
251	ONLY: init_kernels
252
253	IMPLICIT NONE
254
255	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
256	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
257	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
258
259	REAL(wp) :: div !<
260	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
261	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
262	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
263	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
264
265
266	!
267	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
268	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
269	IF ( ocean ) THEN
270	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
271	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
272	ENDIF
273
274	!
275	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
276
277	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
278	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
279	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
280	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
281	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
282	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
283	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
284	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
285	!
286	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
287	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
288	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
289	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
290	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
291	max_number_of_particle_groups
292	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
293	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
294	ENDIF
295	!
296	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
297	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
298	!-- propably (not realized so far).
299	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
300	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
301	'with particles'
302	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
303
304	ENDIF
305
306	!
307	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
308	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
309	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
310	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
311	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
312	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
313	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
314
315	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
316	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
317	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
318
319	!
320	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
321	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
322	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
323	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
324	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
325	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
326	!
327	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
328	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
329	div = 1000.0_wp
330	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
331	div = div / 10.0_wp
332	ENDDO
333	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
334	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
335	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
336
337	ENDIF
338
339	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
340	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
341	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
342	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
343	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
344	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
345	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
346	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
347	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
348	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
349	ENDDO
350
351	!
352	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
353	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
354	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
355	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
356	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
357	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
358
359	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
360	ENDIF
361
362	!
363	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
364	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
365	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
366	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
367	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
368	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
369	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
370	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
371
372	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
373	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
374
375	!
376	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
377	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
378	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
379	!-- negligible.
380	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
381	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
382	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
383
384	#if defined( __parallel )
385	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
386	comm2d, ierr )
387	#else
388	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
389	#endif
390
391	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
392	!
393	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
394	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
395	!
396	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
397	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
398	!
399	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
400	height_p = z0_av_global
401	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
402
403	height_p = height_p + height_int
404	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
405
406	ENDDO
407
408	ENDIF
409
410	!
411	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
412	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
413
414	CASE ( 'absorb' )
415	ibc_par_b = 1
416
417	CASE ( 'reflect' )
418	ibc_par_b = 2
419
420	CASE DEFAULT
421	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
422	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
423	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
424
425	END SELECT
426	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
427
428	CASE ( 'absorb' )
429	ibc_par_t = 1
430
431	CASE ( 'reflect' )
432	ibc_par_t = 2
433
434	CASE DEFAULT
435	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
436	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
437	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
438
439	END SELECT
440	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
441
442	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
443	ibc_par_lr = 0
444
445	CASE ( 'absorb' )
446	ibc_par_lr = 1
447
448	CASE ( 'reflect' )
449	ibc_par_lr = 2
450
451	CASE DEFAULT
452	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
453	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
454	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
455
456	END SELECT
457	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
458
459	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
460	ibc_par_ns = 0
461
462	CASE ( 'absorb' )
463	ibc_par_ns = 1
464
465	CASE ( 'reflect' )
466	ibc_par_ns = 2
467
468	CASE DEFAULT
469	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
470	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
471	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
472
473	END SELECT
474	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
475
476	CASE ( 'const' )
477	i_splitting_mode = 1
478
479	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
480	i_splitting_mode = 2
481
482	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
483	i_splitting_mode = 3
484
485	CASE DEFAULT
486	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
487	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
488	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
489
490	END SELECT
491	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
492
493	CASE ( 'gamma' )
494	isf = 1
495
496	CASE ( 'log' )
497	isf = 2
498
499	CASE ( 'exp' )
500	isf = 3
501
502	CASE DEFAULT
503	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
504	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
505	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
506
507	END SELECT
508
509
510	!
511	!-- Initialize collision kernels
512	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
513
514	!
515	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
516	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
517	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
518	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
519
520	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
521
522	ELSE
523
524	!
525	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
526	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
527	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
528	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
529
530	number_of_particles = 0
531
532	sort_count = 0
533	prt_count = 0
534
535	!
536	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
537	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
538
539	!
540	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
541	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
542	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
543	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
544	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
545	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
546	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
547	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
548
549	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
550
551	!
552	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
553	!-- groups, if necessary
554	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
555	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
556	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
557	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
558	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
559	ENDIF
560	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
561	ENDDO
562
563	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
564	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
565	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
566	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
567	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
568	ENDIF
569	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
570	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
571	ENDDO
572
573	!
574	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
575	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
576	!-- different on the different PEs.
577	iran_part = iran_part + myid
578
579	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
580	!
581	!-- User modification of initial particles
582	CALL user_lpm_init
583
584	!
585	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
586	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
587	CALL check_open( 80 )
588	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
589	number_of_particles
590	CALL close_file( 80 )
591	ENDIF
592
593	ENDIF
594
595	!
596	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
597	!-- first grid cell
598	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
599	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
600	!
601	!-- Formats
602	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
603
604	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
605
606	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
607	! Description:
608	! ------------
609	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
610	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
611	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
612
613	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
614	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
615
616	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
617	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
618
619	USE particle_attributes, &
620	ONLY: deleted_particles
621
622	IMPLICIT NONE
623
624	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
625	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
626	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
627	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
628	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
629	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
630	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
631	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
632	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
633	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
634	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
635
636	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
637
638	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
639	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
640
641	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
642
643	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
644	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
645	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
646	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
647
648	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
649
650	!
651	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
652	!-- particle is situated on this PE
653	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
654	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
655	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
656	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
657	ELSE
658	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
659	ENDIF
660
661	!
662	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
663	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
664	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
665	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
666	END IF
667
668	n = 0
669	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
670
671	pos_z = psb(i)
672
673	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
674
675	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
676
677
678	pos_y = pss(i)
679
680	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
681
682	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
683	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
684
685	pos_x = psl(i)
686
687	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
688
689	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
690	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
691
692	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
693
694
695	n = n + 1
696	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
697	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
698	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
699	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
700	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
701	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
702	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
703	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
704	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
705	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
706	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
707	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
708	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
709	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
710	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
711	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
712	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
713	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
714	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
715	ELSE
716	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
717	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
718	ENDIF
719	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
720	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
721	tmp_particle%class = 1
722	tmp_particle%group = i
723	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
724	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
725	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
726	!
727	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
728	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
729	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
730	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
731	!
732	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
733	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
734	k_surf = get_topography_top_index( jp, ip, 'w' )
735
736	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
737	!
738	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
739	kp = kp + k_surf
740	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
741	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
742	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
743	!-- of overhanging structures.
744	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
745	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
746	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
747	CYCLE xloop
748	ENDIF
749	!
750	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
751	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
752	!-- of overhanging structures.
753	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
754	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
755	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
756	THEN
757	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
758	CYCLE xloop
759	ENDIF
760
761	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
762
763	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
764	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
765	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
766	ENDIF
767	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
768	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
769	ENDIF
770	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
771
772	ENDIF
773	ENDDO
774
775	ENDIF
776
777	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
778
779	ENDDO xloop
780
781	ENDIF
782
783	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
784
785	ENDDO
786
787	ENDIF
788
789	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
790
791	ENDDO
792
793	ENDDO
794
795	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
796	DO ip = nxl, nxr
797	DO jp = nys, nyn
798	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
799	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
800	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
801	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
802	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
803	min_nr_particle )
804	ELSE
805	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
806	ENDIF
807	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
808	DO n = 1, alloc_size
809	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
810	ENDDO
811	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
812	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
813	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
814	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
815	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
816	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
817	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
818	ENDIF
819	ENDIF
820	ENDIF
821	ENDDO
822	ENDDO
823	ENDDO
824	ENDIF
825
826	ENDDO
827
828
829
830	local_start = prt_count+1
831	prt_count = local_count
832
833	!
834	!-- Calculate particle IDs
835	DO ip = nxl, nxr
836	DO jp = nys, nyn
837	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
838	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
839	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
840	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
841
842	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
843
844	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
845	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
846	!
847	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
848	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
849	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
850
851	ENDDO
852
853	ENDDO
854	ENDDO
855	ENDDO
856
857	!
858	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
859	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
860	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
861	ENDIF
862
863	!
864	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
865	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
866	DO ip = nxl, nxr
867	DO jp = nys, nyn
868	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
869	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
870	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
871	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
872	!
873	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
874	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
875	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
876	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
877	!-- respectively.
878	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
879	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
880	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
881	pdx(particles(n)%group)
882	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
883	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
884	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
885	)
886	ENDIF
887	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
888	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
889	pdy(particles(n)%group)
890	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
891	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
892	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
893	)
894	ENDIF
895	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
896	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
897	pdz(particles(n)%group)
898	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
899	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
900	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
901	)
902	ENDIF
903	ENDDO
904	!
905	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
906	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
907	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
908	!
909	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
910	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
911	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
912	particles => &
913	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
914	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
915	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
916	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
917	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
918	!
919	!-- Check if particle is within topography
920	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
921	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
922	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
923	ENDIF
924
925	ENDDO
926	ENDDO
927	ENDDO
928	ENDDO
929	!
930	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
931	CALL lpm_move_particle
932	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
933
934	ENDIF
935	!
936	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
937	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
938	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
939	!-- position.
940	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
941
942	!
943	!-- Determine the current number of particles
944	DO ip = nxl, nxr
945	DO jp = nys, nyn
946	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
947	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
948	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
949	ENDDO
950	ENDDO
951	ENDDO
952	!
953	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
954	#if defined( __parallel )
955	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
956	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
957	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
958	#else
959	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
960	#endif
961
962	RETURN
963
964	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
965
966	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
967
968	USE arrays_3d, &
969	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
970
971	USE cloud_parameters, &
972	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
973
974	USE constants, &
975	ONLY: pi
976
977	USE kinds
978
979	USE particle_attributes, &
980	ONLY: aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
981	molecular_weight_of_water, na, rho_s, rm, vanthoff
982
983	IMPLICIT NONE
984
985	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
986	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
987	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
988	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
989	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
990	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
991	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
992	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
993	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
994	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
995	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
996	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
997
998	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
999
1000	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1001	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1002	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1003	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1004
1005	!
1006	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1007	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1008	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1009	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1010	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1011	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1012	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1013	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1014	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1015	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1016	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1017	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1018	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1019	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1020	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1021	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1022	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1023	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1024	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1025	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1026	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1027	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1028	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1029	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1030	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1031	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1032	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1033	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1034	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1035	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1036	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1037	CONTINUE
1038	ELSE
1039	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1040	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1041	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1042	ENDIF
1043
1044	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1045	DO jp = nys, nyn
1046	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1047
1048	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1049	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1050	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1051
1052	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1053	!
1054	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1055	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1056	!-- weighting factor
1057	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1058
1059	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1060	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1061	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1062
1063	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1064	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1065	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1066	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1067	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1068	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1069	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1070	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1071	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
1072
1073	!
1074	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1075	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1076	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1077
1078	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1079	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1080	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1081	ELSE
1082	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1083	ENDIF
1084	!
1085	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1086	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1087
1088	ENDDO
1089	!
1090	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1091	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1092	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1093	!-- the simulation.
1094	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1095
1096	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
1097	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1098
1099	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1100	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1101
1102	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1103	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1104	!
1105	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1106	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1107	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1108
1109	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1110	!
1111	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1112	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1113	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1114	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1115	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1116	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1117	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1118	)
1119
1120	ENDDO
1121
1122	ENDDO
1123	ENDDO
1124	ENDDO
1125
1126	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1127
1128	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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