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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2182

Last change on this file since 2182 was 2182, checked in by schwenkel, 8 years ago
Added parameters for simplified particle initialization
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel $
27	!
28	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
29	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
30	! Calculation of particle ID
31	!
32	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
33	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
34	!
35	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
36	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
37	! seed_follows_topography.
38	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
39	! than one grid length.
40	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
41	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
42	!
43	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
44	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
45	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
46	! initialization.
47	!
48	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
49	! Module renamed (removed _mod
50	!
51	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
52	! Initialization of aerosols added.
53	!
54	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
55	! Module renamed
56	!
57	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
58	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
59	!
60	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
61	! Unused variables removed.
62	!
63	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
64	! netcdf module added
65	!
66	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
67	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
68	! used.
69	!
70	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
71	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
72	!
73	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
74	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
75	!
76	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
77	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
78	!
79	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
80	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
81	!
82	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
83	! New particle structure integrated.
84	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
85	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
86	!
87	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
88	! -netcdf_output
89	!
90	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
91	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
92	!
93	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
94	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
95	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
96	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
97	! revision history before 2012 removed,
98	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
99	! all variable declaration statements
100	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
101	!
102	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
103	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
104	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
105	!
106	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
107	! unused variables removed
108	!
109	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
110	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
111	!
112	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
113	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
114	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
115	! advec_particles),
116	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
117	!
118	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
119	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
120	!
121	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
122	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
123	! array particles implemented as pointer
124	!
125	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
126	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
127	! of arrays.
128	!
129	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
130	! Initial revision
131	!
132	!
133	! Description:
134	! ------------
135	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
136	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
137	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
138	MODULE lpm_init_mod
139
140
141	USE arrays_3d, &
142	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
143
144	USE control_parameters, &
145	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
146	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
147
148	USE grid_variables, &
149	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
150
151	USE indices, &
152	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
153	nzb_w_inner, nzt
154
155	USE kinds
156
157	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
158	ONLY: init_kernels
159
160	USE netcdf_interface, &
161	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
162
163	USE particle_attributes, &
164	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
165	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
166	curvature_solution_effects, &
167	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
168	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
169	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
170	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
171	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
172	number_concentration, number_particles_per_gridbox, &
173	number_of_particles, &
174	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
175	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
176	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
177	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
178	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
179	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
180	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
181	seed_follows_topography, sgs_wf_part, sort_count, &
182	total_number_of_particles, &
183	use_sgs_for_particles, &
184	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
185	z0_av_global
186
187	USE pegrid
188
189	USE random_function_mod, &
190	ONLY: random_function
191
192	IMPLICIT NONE
193
194	PRIVATE
195
196	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
197	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
198
199	INTERFACE lpm_init
200	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
201	END INTERFACE lpm_init
202
203	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
204	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
205	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
206
207	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
208
209	CONTAINS
210
211	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
212	! Description:
213	! ------------
214	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
215	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
216	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
217
218	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
219	ONLY: init_kernels
220
221	IMPLICIT NONE
222
223	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
225	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
226
227	#if defined( __parallel )
228	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
229	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
230	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
231	#endif
232
233	REAL(wp) :: div !<
234	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
235	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
236	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
237	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
238
239	#if defined( __parallel )
240	!
241	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
242	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
243	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
244	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
245
246	types(1) = MPI_REAL
247	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
248	types(3) = MPI_UB
249	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
250	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
251	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
252	#endif
253
254	!
255	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
256	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
257	IF ( ocean ) THEN
258	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
259	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
260	ENDIF
261
262	!
263	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
264
265	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
266	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
267	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
268	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
269	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
270	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
271	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
272	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
273	!
274	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
275	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
276	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
277	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
278	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
279	max_number_of_particle_groups
280	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
281	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
282	ENDIF
283
284	!
285	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
286	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
287	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
288	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
289	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
290	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
291	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
292
293	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
294	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
295	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
296
297	!
298	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
299	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
300	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
301	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
302	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
303	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
304	!
305	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
306	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
307	div = 1000.0_wp
308	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
309	div = div / 10.0_wp
310	ENDDO
311	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
312	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
313	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
314
315	ENDIF
316
317	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
318	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
319	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
320	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
321	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
322	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
323	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
324	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
325	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
326	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
327	ENDDO
328
329	!
330	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
331	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
332	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
333	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
334	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
335	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
336
337	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
338	ENDIF
339
340	!
341	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
342	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
343	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
344	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
345	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
346	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
347	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
348	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
349
350	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
351	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
352
353	!
354	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
355	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
356	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
357	!-- negligible.
358	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
359	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
360
361	#if defined( __parallel )
362	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
363	comm2d, ierr )
364	#else
365	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
366	#endif
367
368	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
369	!
370	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
371	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
372	!
373	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
374	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
375	!
376	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
377	height_p = z0_av_global
378	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
379
380	height_p = height_p + height_int
381	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
382
383	ENDDO
384
385	ENDIF
386
387	!
388	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
389	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
390
391	CASE ( 'absorb' )
392	ibc_par_b = 1
393
394	CASE ( 'reflect' )
395	ibc_par_b = 2
396
397	CASE DEFAULT
398	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
399	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
400	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
401
402	END SELECT
403	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
404
405	CASE ( 'absorb' )
406	ibc_par_t = 1
407
408	CASE ( 'reflect' )
409	ibc_par_t = 2
410
411	CASE DEFAULT
412	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
413	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
414	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
415
416	END SELECT
417	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
418
419	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
420	ibc_par_lr = 0
421
422	CASE ( 'absorb' )
423	ibc_par_lr = 1
424
425	CASE ( 'reflect' )
426	ibc_par_lr = 2
427
428	CASE DEFAULT
429	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
430	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
431	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
432
433	END SELECT
434	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
435
436	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
437	ibc_par_ns = 0
438
439	CASE ( 'absorb' )
440	ibc_par_ns = 1
441
442	CASE ( 'reflect' )
443	ibc_par_ns = 2
444
445	CASE DEFAULT
446	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
447	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
448	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
449
450	END SELECT
451
452	!
453	!-- Initialize collision kernels
454	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
455
456	!
457	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
458	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
459	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
460	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
461
462	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
463
464	ELSE
465
466	!
467	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
468	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
469	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
470	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
471
472	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
473	number_of_particles = 0
474
475	sort_count = 0
476	prt_count = 0
477
478	!
479	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
480	grid_particles%id_counter = 0
481
482	!
483	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
484	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
485	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
486	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
487	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
488	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
489	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
490	0, 0, 0, 0, .FALSE., -1 )
491
492	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
493
494	!
495	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
496	!-- groups, if necessary
497	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
498	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
499	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
500	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
501	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
502	ENDIF
503	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
504	ENDDO
505
506	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
507	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
508	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
509	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
510	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
511	ENDIF
512	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
513	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
514	ENDDO
515
516	!
517	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
518	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
519	!-- different on the different PEs.
520	iran_part = iran_part + myid
521
522	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
523	!
524	!-- User modification of initial particles
525	CALL user_lpm_init
526
527	!
528	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
529	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
530	CALL check_open( 80 )
531	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
532	number_of_particles, &
533	maximum_number_of_particles
534	CALL close_file( 80 )
535	ENDIF
536
537	ENDIF
538
539	!
540	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
541	!-- first grid cell
542	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
543	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
544	!
545	!-- Formats
546	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
547
548	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
549
550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
551	! Description:
552	! ------------
553	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
555	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
556
557	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
558	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
559
560	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
561	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
562
563	USE particle_attributes, &
564	ONLY: deleted_particles, monodisperse_aerosols
565
566	IMPLICIT NONE
567
568	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
569	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
570	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
571	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
572	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
573	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
574	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
575	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
576	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
577
578	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
579
580	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
581	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
582
583	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
584
585	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
586	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
587	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
588	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
589
590	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
591
592	!
593	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
594	!-- particle is situated on this PE
595	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
596	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
597	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
598	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
599	ELSE
600	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
601	ENDIF
602
603	!
604	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
605	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
606	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
607	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
608	END IF
609
610	n = 0
611	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
612
613	pos_z = psb(i)
614
615	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
616
617	pos_y = pss(i)
618
619	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
620
621	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
622	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
623
624	pos_x = psl(i)
625
626	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
627
628	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
629	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
630
631	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
632
633	n = n + 1
634	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
635	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
636	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
637	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
638	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
639	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
640	tmp_particle%user = 0.0_wp !unused, free for the user
641	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
642	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
643	!
644	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
645	!-- for Rosenbrock method
646	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
647	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
648	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused in this configuration
649	ELSE
650	!
651	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
652	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
653	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
654	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
655	ENDIF
656	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
657	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
658	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
659	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
660	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
661	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
662	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
663	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
664	tmp_particle%class = 1
665	tmp_particle%group = i
666	tmp_particle%id1 = 0
667	tmp_particle%id2 = 0
668	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
669	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
670	!
671	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
672	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
673	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
674	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
675
676	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
677	!
678	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
679	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
680	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + &
681	zw(nzb_w_inner(jp,ip))
682	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
683	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
684	CYCLE xloop
685	ENDIF
686	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
687	tmp_particle%z <= zw(nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)) ) THEN
688	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
689	CYCLE xloop
690	ENDIF
691
692	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
693
694	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
695	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
696	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
697	ENDIF
698	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
699	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
700	ENDIF
701	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
702
703	ENDIF
704	ENDDO
705
706	ENDIF
707
708	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
709
710	ENDDO xloop
711
712	ENDIF
713
714	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
715
716	ENDDO
717
718	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
719
720	ENDDO
721
722	ENDDO
723
724	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
725	DO ip = nxl, nxr
726	DO jp = nys, nyn
727	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
728	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
729	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
730	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
731	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
732	min_nr_particle )
733	ELSE
734	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
735	ENDIF
736	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
737	DO n = 1, alloc_size
738	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
739	ENDDO
740	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
741	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
742	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
743	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
744	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
745	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
746	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
747	ENDIF
748	ENDIF
749	ENDIF
750	ENDDO
751	ENDDO
752	ENDDO
753	ENDIF
754
755	ENDDO
756
757
758
759	local_start = prt_count+1
760	prt_count = local_count
761
762	!
763	!-- Calculate particle IDs
764	DO ip = nxl, nxr
765	DO jp = nys, nyn
766	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
767	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
768	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
769	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
770
771	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
772
773	particles(n)%id1 = 10000_iwp * grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + kp
774	particles(n)%id2 = 10000_iwp * jp + ip
775
776	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
777	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
778
779	ENDDO
780
781	ENDDO
782	ENDDO
783	ENDDO
784
785	!
786	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
787	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
788	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
789	ENDIF
790
791	!
792	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
793	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
794	DO ip = nxl, nxr
795	DO jp = nys, nyn
796	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
797	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
798	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
799	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
800	!
801	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
802	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
803	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
804	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
805	!-- respectively.
806	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
807	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
808	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
809	pdx(particles(n)%group)
810	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
811	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
812	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
813	)
814	ENDIF
815	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
816	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
817	pdy(particles(n)%group)
818	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
819	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
820	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
821	)
822	ENDIF
823	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
824	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
825	pdz(particles(n)%group)
826	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
827	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
828	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
829	)
830	ENDIF
831	ENDDO
832	!
833	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
834	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
835	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
836	!
837	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
838	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
839	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
840	particles => &
841	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
842	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
843	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
844	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
845	IF ( particles(n)%z <= zw(nzb_w_inner(j,i)) ) THEN
846	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
847	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
848	ENDIF
849	ENDDO
850	ENDDO
851	ENDDO
852	ENDDO
853	!
854	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
855	CALL lpm_move_particle
856	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
857
858	ENDIF
859	!
860	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
861	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
862	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
863	!-- position.
864	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
865
866	!
867	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
868	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
869	DO ip = nxl, nxr
870	DO jp = nys, nyn
871	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
872	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
873	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
874	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
875	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
876	ENDDO
877	ENDDO
878	ENDDO
879	!
880	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
881	#if defined( __parallel )
882	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
883	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
884	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
885	#else
886	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
887	#endif
888
889	RETURN
890
891	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
892
893	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
894
895	USE arrays_3d, &
896	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
897
898	USE cloud_parameters, &
899	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
900
901	USE constants, &
902	ONLY: pi
903
904	USE kinds
905
906	USE particle_attributes, &
907	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
908	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
909	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
910
911	IMPLICIT NONE
912
913	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
914	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
915
916	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
917	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
918	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
919	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
920	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
921	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
922	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
923	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
924	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
925	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
926	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
927	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
928	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
929	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
930
931	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
932
933	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
934	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
935	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
936	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
937	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
938	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
939
940	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
941
942	!
943	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
944	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
945	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
946	DO n = 0, no_bins
947	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
948	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
949
950	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
951	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
952	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
953	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
954	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
955	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
956	) )
957	ENDIF
958	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
959	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
960	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
961	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
962	) )
963	ENDIF
964	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
965	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
966	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
967	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
968	) )
969	ENDIF
970
971	ENDDO
972	ENDIF
973
974	DO ip = nxl, nxr
975	DO jp = nys, nyn
976	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
977
978	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
979	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
980	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
981	!
982	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
983	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
984	!-- weighting factor
985	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
986
987	new_pdf = .FALSE.
988	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
989	new_pdf = .TRUE.
990	ELSE
991	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
992	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
993	new_pdf = .TRUE.
994	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
995	ENDIF
996	ENDIF
997
998	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
999
1000	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
1001	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
1002
1003	DO n = 0, no_bins
1004	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
1005	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
1006	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
1007	ENDDO
1008
1009	ENDIF
1010
1011	!
1012	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
1013	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
1014
1015	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
1016
1017	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
1018	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
1019
1020	pdf = 0.0_wp
1021	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
1022	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1023	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
1024	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
1025	) * &
1026	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
1027	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
1028	) &
1029	)
1030	ENDIF
1031	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1032	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
1033	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
1034	) * &
1035	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
1036	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
1037	) &
1038	)
1039	ENDIF
1040	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1041	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
1042	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
1043	) * &
1044	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
1045	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
1046	) &
1047	)
1048	ENDIF
1049
1050	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
1051	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
1052
1053	END DO
1054	!
1055	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
1056	!-- in every grid box
1057	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
1058
1059	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
1060	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
1061	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
1062
1063	ENDIF
1064	!
1065	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
1066	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
1067	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
1068
1069	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1070
1071	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
1072	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
1073	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
1074	ENDDO
1075	!
1076	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
1077	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
1078	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
1079	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
1080	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
1081	EXIT
1082	ENDIF
1083	ENDDO
1084
1085	ENDDO
1086
1087	ENDIF
1088
1089	!
1090	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1091	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1092	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1093	!-- the simulation.
1094	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1095
1096	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
1097	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1098
1099	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1100	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1101
1102	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1103	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1104	!
1105	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1106	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1107	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1108
1109	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1110	!
1111	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1112	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1113	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1114	particles(n)%rvar2 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1115	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1116	particles(n)%rvar2 ) ) / &
1117	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1118	)
1119
1120	ENDDO
1121
1122	ENDDO
1123	ENDDO
1124	ENDDO
1125	!
1126	!-- Deallocate used arrays
1127	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
1128	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
1129
1130	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1131
1132	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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