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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2064

Last change on this file since 2064 was 2001, checked in by knoop, 8 years ago
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2001 2016-08-20 18:41:22Z raasch $
27	!
28	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
29	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
30	!
31	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
32	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
33	! seed_follows_topography.
34	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
35	! than one grid length.
36	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
37	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
38	!
39	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
40	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
41	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
42	! initialization.
43	!
44	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
45	! Module renamed (removed _mod
46
47	!
48	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
49	! Initialization of aerosols added.
50	!
51	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
52	! Module renamed
53	!
54	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
55	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
56	!
57	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
58	! Unused variables removed.
59	!
60	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
61	! netcdf module added
62	!
63	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
64	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
65	! used.
66	!
67	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
68	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
69	!
70	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
71	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
72	!
73	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
74	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
75	!
76	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
77	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
78	!
79	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
80	! New particle structure integrated.
81	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
82	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
83	!
84	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
85	! -netcdf_output
86	!
87	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
88	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
89	!
90	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
91	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
92	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
93	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
94	! revision history before 2012 removed,
95	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
96	! all variable declaration statements
97	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
98	!
99	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
100	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
101	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
102	!
103	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
104	! unused variables removed
105	!
106	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
107	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
108	!
109	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
110	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
111	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
112	! advec_particles),
113	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
114	!
115	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
116	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
117	!
118	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
119	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
120	! array particles implemented as pointer
121	!
122	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
123	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
124	! of arrays.
125	!
126	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
127	! Initial revision
128	!
129	!
130	! Description:
131	! ------------
132	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
133	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
134	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
135	MODULE lpm_init_mod
136
137
138	USE arrays_3d, &
139	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
140
141	USE control_parameters, &
142	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
143	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
144
145	USE grid_variables, &
146	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
147
148	USE indices, &
149	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
150	nzb_w_inner, nzt
151
152	USE kinds
153
154	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
155	ONLY: init_kernels
156
157	USE netcdf_interface, &
158	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
159
160	USE particle_attributes, &
161	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
162	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
163	curvature_solution_effects, &
164	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
165	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
166	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
167	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
168	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
169	number_of_particles, &
170	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
171	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
172	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
173	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
174	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
175	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
176	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
177	seed_follows_topography, sgs_wf_part, sort_count, &
178	total_number_of_particles, &
179	use_sgs_for_particles, &
180	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
181	z0_av_global
182
183	USE pegrid
184
185	USE random_function_mod, &
186	ONLY: random_function
187
188	IMPLICIT NONE
189
190	PRIVATE
191
192	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
193	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
194
195	INTERFACE lpm_init
196	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
197	END INTERFACE lpm_init
198
199	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
200	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
201	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
202
203	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
204
205	CONTAINS
206
207	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
208	! Description:
209	! ------------
210	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
211	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
212	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
213
214	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
215	ONLY: init_kernels
216
217	IMPLICIT NONE
218
219	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
220	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
221	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
222
223	#if defined( __parallel )
224	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
225	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
226	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
227	#endif
228
229	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
230	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
231	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
232	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
233
234	#if defined( __parallel )
235	!
236	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
237	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
238	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
239	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
240
241	types(1) = MPI_REAL
242	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
243	types(3) = MPI_UB
244	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
245	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
246	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
247	#endif
248
249	!
250	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
251	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
252	IF ( ocean ) THEN
253	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
254	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
255	ENDIF
256
257	!
258	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
259
260	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
261	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
262	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
263	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
264	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
265	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
266	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
267	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
268	!
269	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
270	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
271	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
272	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
273	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
274	max_number_of_particle_groups
275	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
276	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
277	ENDIF
278
279	!
280	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
281	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
282	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
283	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
284	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
285	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
286	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
287
288	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
289	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
290	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
291
292	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
293	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
294	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
295	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
296	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
297	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
298	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
299	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
300	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
301	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
302	ENDDO
303
304	!
305	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
306	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
307	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
308	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
309	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
310	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
311
312	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
313	ENDIF
314
315	!
316	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
317	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
318	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
319	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
320	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
321	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
322	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
323	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
324
325	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
326	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
327
328	!
329	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
330	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
331	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
332	!-- negligible.
333	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
334	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
335
336	#if defined( __parallel )
337	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
338	comm2d, ierr )
339	#else
340	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
341	#endif
342
343	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
344	!
345	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
346	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
347	!
348	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
349	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
350	!
351	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
352	height_p = z0_av_global
353	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
354
355	height_p = height_p + height_int
356	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
357
358	ENDDO
359
360	ENDIF
361
362	!
363	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
364	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
365
366	CASE ( 'absorb' )
367	ibc_par_b = 1
368
369	CASE ( 'reflect' )
370	ibc_par_b = 2
371
372	CASE DEFAULT
373	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
374	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
375	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
376
377	END SELECT
378	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
379
380	CASE ( 'absorb' )
381	ibc_par_t = 1
382
383	CASE ( 'reflect' )
384	ibc_par_t = 2
385
386	CASE DEFAULT
387	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
388	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
389	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
390
391	END SELECT
392	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
393
394	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
395	ibc_par_lr = 0
396
397	CASE ( 'absorb' )
398	ibc_par_lr = 1
399
400	CASE ( 'reflect' )
401	ibc_par_lr = 2
402
403	CASE DEFAULT
404	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
405	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
406	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
407
408	END SELECT
409	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
410
411	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
412	ibc_par_ns = 0
413
414	CASE ( 'absorb' )
415	ibc_par_ns = 1
416
417	CASE ( 'reflect' )
418	ibc_par_ns = 2
419
420	CASE DEFAULT
421	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
422	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
423	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
424
425	END SELECT
426
427	!
428	!-- Initialize collision kernels
429	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
430
431	!
432	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
433	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
434	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
435	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
436
437	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
438
439	ELSE
440
441	!
442	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
443	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
444	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
445	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
446
447	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
448	number_of_particles = 0
449
450	sort_count = 0
451	prt_count = 0
452
453	!
454	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
455	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
456	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
457	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
458	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
459	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
460	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0, 0, 0, &
461	0, .FALSE., -1 )
462
463	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
464
465	!
466	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
467	!-- groups, if necessary
468	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
469	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
470	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
471	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
472	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
473	ENDIF
474	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
475	ENDDO
476
477	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
478	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
479	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
480	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
481	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
482	ENDIF
483	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
484	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
485	ENDDO
486
487	!
488	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
489	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
490	!-- different on the different PEs.
491	iran_part = iran_part + myid
492
493	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
494	!
495	!-- User modification of initial particles
496	CALL user_lpm_init
497
498	!
499	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
500	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
501	CALL check_open( 80 )
502	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
503	number_of_particles, &
504	maximum_number_of_particles
505	CALL close_file( 80 )
506	ENDIF
507
508	ENDIF
509
510	!
511	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
512	!-- first grid cell
513	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
514	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
515	!
516	!-- Formats
517	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
518
519	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
520
521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
522	! Description:
523	! ------------
524	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
525	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
526	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
527
528	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
529	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
530
531	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
532	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
533
534	USE particle_attributes, &
535	ONLY: deleted_particles, monodisperse_aerosols
536
537	IMPLICIT NONE
538
539	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
540	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
541	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
542	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
543	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
544	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
545	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
546	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
547	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
548
549	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
550
551	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
552	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
553
554	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
555
556	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
557	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
558	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
559	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
560
561	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
562
563	!
564	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
565	!-- particle is situated on this PE
566	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
567	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
568	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
569	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
570	ELSE
571	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
572	ENDIF
573
574	n = 0
575	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
576
577	pos_z = psb(i)
578
579	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
580
581	pos_y = pss(i)
582
583	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
584
585	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
586	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
587
588	pos_x = psl(i)
589
590	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
591
592	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
593	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
594
595	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
596
597	n = n + 1
598	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
599	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
600	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
601	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
602	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
603	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
604	tmp_particle%dvrp_psize = 0.0_wp !unused
605	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
606	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
607	!
608	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
609	!-- for Rosenbrock method
610	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
611	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
612	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused
613	ELSE
614	!
615	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
616	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
617	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
618	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
619	ENDIF
620	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
621	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
622	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
623	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
624	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
625	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
626	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
627	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
628	tmp_particle%class = 1
629	tmp_particle%group = i
630	tmp_particle%tailpoints = 0 !unused
631	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
632	tmp_particle%tail_id = 0 !unused
633
634
635	!
636	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
637	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
638	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
639	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
640
641	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
642	!
643	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
644	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
645	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + &
646	zw(nzb_w_inner(jp,ip))
647	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
648	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
649	CYCLE xloop
650	ENDIF
651	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
652	tmp_particle%z <= zw(nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)) ) THEN
653	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
654	CYCLE xloop
655	ENDIF
656
657	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
658	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
659	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
660	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
661	ENDIF
662	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
663	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
664	ENDIF
665	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
666
667	ENDIF
668	ENDDO
669
670	ENDIF
671
672	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
673
674	ENDDO xloop
675
676	ENDIF
677
678	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
679
680	ENDDO
681
682	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
683
684	ENDDO
685
686	ENDDO
687
688	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
689	DO ip = nxl, nxr
690	DO jp = nys, nyn
691	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
692	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
693	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
694	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
695	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
696	min_nr_particle )
697	ELSE
698	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
699	ENDIF
700	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
701	DO n = 1, alloc_size
702	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
703	ENDDO
704	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
705	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
706	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
707	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
708	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
709	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
710	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
711	ENDIF
712	ENDIF
713	ENDIF
714
715	ENDDO
716	ENDDO
717	ENDDO
718	ENDIF
719
720	ENDDO
721
722	local_start = prt_count+1
723	prt_count = local_count
724
725	!
726	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
727	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
728	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
729	ENDIF
730
731	!
732	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
733	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
734	DO ip = nxl, nxr
735	DO jp = nys, nyn
736	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
737	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
738	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
739	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
740	!
741	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
742	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
743	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
744	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
745	!-- respectively.
746	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
747	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
748	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
749	pdx(particles(n)%group)
750	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
751	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
752	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
753	)
754	ENDIF
755	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
756	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
757	pdy(particles(n)%group)
758	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
759	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
760	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
761	)
762	ENDIF
763	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
764	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
765	pdz(particles(n)%group)
766	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
767	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
768	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
769	)
770	ENDIF
771	ENDDO
772	!
773	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
774	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
775	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
776	!
777	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
778	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
779	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
780	particles => &
781	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
782	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
783	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
784	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
785	IF ( particles(n)%z <= zw(nzb_w_inner(j,i)) ) THEN
786	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
787	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
788	ENDIF
789	ENDDO
790	ENDDO
791	ENDDO
792	ENDDO
793	!
794	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
795	CALL lpm_move_particle
796	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
797
798	ENDIF
799	!
800	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
801	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
802	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
803	!-- position.
804	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
805
806	!
807	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
808	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
809	DO ip = nxl, nxr
810	DO jp = nys, nyn
811	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
812	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
813	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
814	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
815	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
816	ENDDO
817	ENDDO
818	ENDDO
819	!
820	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
821	#if defined( __parallel )
822	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
823	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
824	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
825	#else
826	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
827	#endif
828
829	RETURN
830
831	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
832
833	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
834
835	USE arrays_3d, &
836	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
837
838	USE cloud_parameters, &
839	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l
840
841	USE constants, &
842	ONLY: pi
843
844	USE kinds
845
846	USE particle_attributes, &
847	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
848	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
849	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
850
851	IMPLICIT NONE
852
853	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
854	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
855
856	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
857	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
858	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
859	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
860	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
861	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
862	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
863	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
864	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
865	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
866	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
867	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
868
869	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
870
871	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
872	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
873	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
874	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
875	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
876	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
877
878	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
879
880	!
881	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
882	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
883	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
884	DO n = 0, no_bins
885	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
886	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
887
888	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
889	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
890	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
891	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
892	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
893	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
894	) )
895	ENDIF
896	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
897	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
898	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
899	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
900	) )
901	ENDIF
902	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
903	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
904	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
905	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
906	) )
907	ENDIF
908
909	ENDDO
910	ENDIF
911
912	DO ip = nxl, nxr
913	DO jp = nys, nyn
914	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
915
916	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
917	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
918	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
919	!
920	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
921	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
922	!-- weighting factor
923	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
924
925	new_pdf = .FALSE.
926	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
927	new_pdf = .TRUE.
928	ELSE
929	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
930	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
931	new_pdf = .TRUE.
932	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
933	ENDIF
934	ENDIF
935
936	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
937
938	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
939	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
940
941	DO n = 0, no_bins
942	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
943	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
944	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
945	ENDDO
946
947	ENDIF
948
949	!
950	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
951	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
952
953	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
954
955	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
956	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
957
958	pdf = 0.0_wp
959	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
960	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
961	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
962	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
963	) * &
964	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
965	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
966	) &
967	)
968	ENDIF
969	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
970	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
971	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
972	) * &
973	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
974	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
975	) &
976	)
977	ENDIF
978	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
979	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
980	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
981	) * &
982	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
983	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
984	) &
985	)
986	ENDIF
987
988	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
989	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
990
991	END DO
992	!
993	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
994	!-- in every grid box
995	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
996
997	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
998	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
999	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
1000
1001	ENDIF
1002	!
1003	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
1004	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
1005	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
1006
1007	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1008
1009	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
1010	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
1011	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
1012	ENDDO
1013	!
1014	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
1015	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
1016	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
1017	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
1018	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
1019	EXIT
1020	ENDIF
1021	ENDDO
1022
1023	ENDDO
1024
1025	ENDIF
1026
1027	!
1028	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1029	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1030	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1031	!-- the simulation.
1032	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1033
1034	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
1035	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1036
1037	!
1038	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1039	!-- supersaturations higher than -1 %, the supersaturation is set to -1%.
1040	IF ( e_a / e_s < 0.99_wp ) THEN
1041
1042	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1043
1044	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1045	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
1046	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1047	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
1048	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
1049	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
1050
1051	ENDDO
1052
1053	ELSE
1054
1055	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1056
1057	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1058	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
1059	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1060	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
1061	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
1062	0.01_wp**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
1063
1064	ENDDO
1065
1066	ENDIF
1067
1068	ENDDO
1069	ENDDO
1070	ENDDO
1071	!
1072	!-- Deallocate used arrays
1073	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
1074	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
1075
1076	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1077
1078	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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