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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 1929

Last change on this file since 1929 was 1929, checked in by suehring, 8 years ago
several bugfixes in particle model and serial mode
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 42.9 KB

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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
22	! seed_follows_topography.
23	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
24	! than one grid length.
25	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
26	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
27	!
28	! Former revisions:
29	! -----------------
30	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring $
31	!
32	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
33	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
34	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
35	! initialization.
36	!
37	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
38	! Module renamed (removed _mod
39
40	!
41	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
42	! Initialization of aerosols added.
43	!
44	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
45	! Module renamed
46	!
47	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
48	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
49	!
50	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
51	! Unused variables removed.
52	!
53	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
54	! netcdf module added
55	!
56	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
57	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
58	! used.
59	!
60	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
61	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
62	!
63	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
64	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
65	!
66	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
67	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
68	!
69	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
70	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
71	!
72	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
73	! New particle structure integrated.
74	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
75	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
76	!
77	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
78	! -netcdf_output
79	!
80	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
81	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
82	!
83	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
84	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
85	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
86	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
87	! revision history before 2012 removed,
88	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
89	! all variable declaration statements
90	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
91	!
92	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
93	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
94	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
95	!
96	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
97	! unused variables removed
98	!
99	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
100	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
101	!
102	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
103	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
104	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
105	! advec_particles),
106	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
107	!
108	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
109	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
110	!
111	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
112	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
113	! array particles implemented as pointer
114	!
115	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
116	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
117	! of arrays.
118	!
119	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
120	! Initial revision
121	!
122	!
123	! Description:
124	! ------------
125	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
126	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
127	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
128	MODULE lpm_init_mod
129
130
131	USE arrays_3d, &
132	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
133
134	USE control_parameters, &
135	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
136	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
137
138	USE grid_variables, &
139	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
140
141	USE indices, &
142	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
143	nzb_w_inner, nzt
144
145	USE kinds
146
147	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
148	ONLY: init_kernels
149
150	USE netcdf_interface, &
151	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
152
153	USE particle_attributes, &
154	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
155	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
156	curvature_solution_effects, &
157	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
158	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
159	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
160	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
161	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
162	number_of_particles, &
163	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
164	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
165	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
166	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
167	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
168	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
169	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
170	seed_follows_topography, sgs_wf_part, sort_count, &
171	total_number_of_particles, &
172	use_sgs_for_particles, &
173	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
174	z0_av_global
175
176	USE pegrid
177
178	USE random_function_mod, &
179	ONLY: random_function
180
181	IMPLICIT NONE
182
183	PRIVATE
184
185	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
186	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
187
188	INTERFACE lpm_init
189	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
190	END INTERFACE lpm_init
191
192	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
193	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
194	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
195
196	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
197
198	CONTAINS
199
200	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
201	! Description:
202	! ------------
203	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
204	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
205	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
206
207	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
208	ONLY: init_kernels
209
210	IMPLICIT NONE
211
212	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
213	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
214	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
215
216	#if defined( __parallel )
217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
219	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
220	#endif
221
222	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
223	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
224	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
225	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
226
227	#if defined( __parallel )
228	!
229	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
230	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
231	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
232	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
233
234	types(1) = MPI_REAL
235	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
236	types(3) = MPI_UB
237	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
238	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
239	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
240	#endif
241
242	!
243	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
244	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
245	IF ( ocean ) THEN
246	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
247	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
248	ENDIF
249
250	!
251	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
252
253	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
254	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
255	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
256	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
257	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
258	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
259	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
260	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
261	!
262	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
263	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
264	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
265	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
266	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
267	max_number_of_particle_groups
268	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
269	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
270	ENDIF
271
272	!
273	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
274	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
275	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
276	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
277	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
278	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
279	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
280
281	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
282	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
283	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
284
285	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
286	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
287	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
288	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
289	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
290	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
291	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
292	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
293	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
294	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
295	ENDDO
296
297	!
298	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
299	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
300	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
301	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
302	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
303	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
304
305	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
306	ENDIF
307
308	!
309	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
310	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
311	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
312	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
313	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
314	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
315	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
316	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
317
318	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
319	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
320
321	!
322	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
323	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
324	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
325	!-- negligible.
326	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
327	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
328
329	#if defined( __parallel )
330	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
331	comm2d, ierr )
332	#else
333	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
334	#endif
335
336	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
337	!
338	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
339	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
340	!
341	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
342	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
343	!
344	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
345	height_p = z0_av_global
346	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
347
348	height_p = height_p + height_int
349	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
350
351	ENDDO
352
353	ENDIF
354
355	!
356	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
357	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
358
359	CASE ( 'absorb' )
360	ibc_par_b = 1
361
362	CASE ( 'reflect' )
363	ibc_par_b = 2
364
365	CASE DEFAULT
366	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
367	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
368	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
369
370	END SELECT
371	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
372
373	CASE ( 'absorb' )
374	ibc_par_t = 1
375
376	CASE ( 'reflect' )
377	ibc_par_t = 2
378
379	CASE DEFAULT
380	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
381	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
382	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
383
384	END SELECT
385	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
386
387	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
388	ibc_par_lr = 0
389
390	CASE ( 'absorb' )
391	ibc_par_lr = 1
392
393	CASE ( 'reflect' )
394	ibc_par_lr = 2
395
396	CASE DEFAULT
397	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
398	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
399	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
400
401	END SELECT
402	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
403
404	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
405	ibc_par_ns = 0
406
407	CASE ( 'absorb' )
408	ibc_par_ns = 1
409
410	CASE ( 'reflect' )
411	ibc_par_ns = 2
412
413	CASE DEFAULT
414	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
415	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
416	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
417
418	END SELECT
419
420	!
421	!-- Initialize collision kernels
422	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
423
424	!
425	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
426	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
427	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
428	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
429
430	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
431
432	ELSE
433
434	!
435	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
436	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
437	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
438	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
439
440	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
441	number_of_particles = 0
442
443	sort_count = 0
444	prt_count = 0
445
446	!
447	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
448	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
449	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
450	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
451	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
452	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
453	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0, 0, 0, &
454	0, .FALSE., -1 )
455
456	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
457
458	!
459	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
460	!-- groups, if necessary
461	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
462	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
463	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
464	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
465	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
466	ENDIF
467	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
468	ENDDO
469
470	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
471	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
472	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
473	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
474	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
475	ENDIF
476	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
477	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
478	ENDDO
479
480	!
481	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
482	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
483	!-- different on the different PEs.
484	iran_part = iran_part + myid
485
486	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
487	!
488	!-- User modification of initial particles
489	CALL user_lpm_init
490
491	!
492	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
493	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
494	CALL check_open( 80 )
495	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
496	number_of_particles, &
497	maximum_number_of_particles
498	CALL close_file( 80 )
499	ENDIF
500
501	ENDIF
502
503	!
504	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
505	!-- first grid cell
506	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
507	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
508	!
509	!-- Formats
510	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
511
512	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
513
514	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
515	! Description:
516	! ------------
517	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
519	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
520
521	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
522	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
523
524	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
525	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
526
527	USE particle_attributes, &
528	ONLY: deleted_particles, monodisperse_aerosols
529
530	IMPLICIT NONE
531
532	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
533	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
534	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
535	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
536	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
537	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
538	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
539	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
540	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
541
542	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
543
544	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
545	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
546
547	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
548
549	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
550	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
551	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
552	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
553
554	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
555
556	!
557	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
558	!-- particle is situated on this PE
559	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
560	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
561	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
562	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
563	ELSE
564	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
565	ENDIF
566
567	n = 0
568	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
569
570	pos_z = psb(i)
571
572	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
573
574	pos_y = pss(i)
575
576	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
577
578	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
579	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
580
581	pos_x = psl(i)
582
583	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
584
585	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
586	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
587
588	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
589
590	n = n + 1
591	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
592	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
593	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
594	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
595	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
596	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
597	tmp_particle%dvrp_psize = 0.0_wp !unused
598	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
599	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
600	!
601	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
602	!-- for Rosenbrock method
603	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
604	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
605	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused
606	ELSE
607	!
608	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
609	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
610	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
611	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
612	ENDIF
613	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
614	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
615	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
616	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
617	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
618	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
619	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
620	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
621	tmp_particle%class = 1
622	tmp_particle%group = i
623	tmp_particle%tailpoints = 0 !unused
624	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
625	tmp_particle%tail_id = 0 !unused
626
627
628	!
629	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
630	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
631	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
632	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
633
634	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
635	!
636	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
637	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
638	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + &
639	zw(nzb_w_inner(jp,ip))
640	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
641	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
642	CYCLE xloop
643	ENDIF
644	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
645	tmp_particle%z <= zw(nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)) ) THEN
646	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
647	CYCLE xloop
648	ENDIF
649
650	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
651	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
652	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
653	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
654	ENDIF
655	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
656	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
657	ENDIF
658	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
659
660	ENDIF
661	ENDDO
662
663	ENDIF
664
665	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
666
667	ENDDO xloop
668
669	ENDIF
670
671	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
672
673	ENDDO
674
675	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
676
677	ENDDO
678
679	ENDDO
680
681	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
682	DO ip = nxl, nxr
683	DO jp = nys, nyn
684	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
685	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
686	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
687	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
688	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
689	min_nr_particle )
690	ELSE
691	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
692	ENDIF
693	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
694	DO n = 1, alloc_size
695	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
696	ENDDO
697	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
698	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
699	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
700	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
701	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
702	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
703	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
704	ENDIF
705	ENDIF
706	ENDIF
707
708	ENDDO
709	ENDDO
710	ENDDO
711	ENDIF
712
713	ENDDO
714
715	local_start = prt_count+1
716	prt_count = local_count
717
718	!
719	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
720	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
721	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
722	ENDIF
723
724	!
725	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
726	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
727	DO ip = nxl, nxr
728	DO jp = nys, nyn
729	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
730	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
731	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
732	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
733	!
734	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
735	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
736	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
737	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
738	!-- respectively.
739	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
740	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
741	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
742	pdx(particles(n)%group)
743	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
744	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
745	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
746	)
747	ENDIF
748	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
749	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
750	pdy(particles(n)%group)
751	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
752	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
753	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
754	)
755	ENDIF
756	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
757	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
758	pdz(particles(n)%group)
759	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
760	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
761	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
762	)
763	ENDIF
764	ENDDO
765	!
766	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
767	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
768	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
769	!
770	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
771	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
772	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
773	particles => &
774	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
775	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
776	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
777	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
778	IF ( particles(n)%z <= zw(nzb_w_inner(j,i)) ) THEN
779	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
780	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
781	ENDIF
782	ENDDO
783	ENDDO
784	ENDDO
785	ENDDO
786	!
787	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
788	CALL lpm_move_particle
789	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
790
791	ENDIF
792	!
793	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
794	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
795	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
796	!-- position.
797	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
798
799	!
800	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
801	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
802	DO ip = nxl, nxr
803	DO jp = nys, nyn
804	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
805	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
806	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
807	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
808	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
809	ENDDO
810	ENDDO
811	ENDDO
812	!
813	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
814	#if defined( __parallel )
815	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
816	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
817	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
818	#else
819	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
820	#endif
821
822	RETURN
823
824	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
825
826	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
827
828	USE arrays_3d, &
829	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
830
831	USE cloud_parameters, &
832	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l
833
834	USE constants, &
835	ONLY: pi
836
837	USE kinds
838
839	USE particle_attributes, &
840	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
841	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
842	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
843
844	IMPLICIT NONE
845
846	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
847	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
848
849	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
850	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
851	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
852	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
853	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
854	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
855	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
856	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
857	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
858	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
859	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
860	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
861
862	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
863
864	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
865	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
866	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
867	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
868	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
869	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
870
871	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
872
873	!
874	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
875	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
876	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
877	DO n = 0, no_bins
878	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
879	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
880
881	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
882	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
883	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
884	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
885	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
886	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
887	) )
888	ENDIF
889	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
890	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
891	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
892	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
893	) )
894	ENDIF
895	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
896	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
897	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
898	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
899	) )
900	ENDIF
901
902	ENDDO
903	ENDIF
904
905	DO ip = nxl, nxr
906	DO jp = nys, nyn
907	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
908
909	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
910	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
911	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
912	!
913	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
914	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
915	!-- weighting factor
916	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
917
918	new_pdf = .FALSE.
919	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
920	new_pdf = .TRUE.
921	ELSE
922	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
923	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
924	new_pdf = .TRUE.
925	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
926	ENDIF
927	ENDIF
928
929	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
930
931	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
932	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
933
934	DO n = 0, no_bins
935	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
936	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
937	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
938	ENDDO
939
940	ENDIF
941
942	!
943	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
944	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
945
946	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
947
948	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
949	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
950
951	pdf = 0.0_wp
952	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
953	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
954	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
955	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
956	) * &
957	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
958	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
959	) &
960	)
961	ENDIF
962	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
963	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
964	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
965	) * &
966	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
967	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
968	) &
969	)
970	ENDIF
971	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
972	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
973	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
974	) * &
975	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
976	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
977	) &
978	)
979	ENDIF
980
981	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
982	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
983
984	END DO
985	!
986	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
987	!-- in every grid box
988	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
989
990	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
991	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
992	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
993
994	ENDIF
995	!
996	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
997	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
998	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
999
1000	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1001
1002	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
1003	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
1004	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
1005	ENDDO
1006	!
1007	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
1008	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
1009	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
1010	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
1011	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
1012	EXIT
1013	ENDIF
1014	ENDDO
1015
1016	ENDDO
1017
1018	ENDIF
1019
1020	!
1021	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1022	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1023	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1024	!-- the simulation.
1025	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1026
1027	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
1028	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1029
1030	!
1031	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1032	!-- supersaturations higher than -1 %, the supersaturation is set to -1%.
1033	IF ( e_a / e_s < 0.99_wp ) THEN
1034
1035	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1036
1037	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1038	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
1039	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1040	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
1041	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
1042	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
1043
1044	ENDDO
1045
1046	ELSE
1047
1048	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1049
1050	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1051	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
1052	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1053	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
1054	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
1055	0.01_wp**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
1056
1057	ENDDO
1058
1059	ENDIF
1060
1061	ENDDO
1062	ENDDO
1063	ENDDO
1064	!
1065	!-- Deallocate used arrays
1066	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
1067	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
1068
1069	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1070
1071	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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